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In the Shadows: Women, Power and Politics in Cambodia
In the Shadows: Women, Power and Politics in Cambodia Kate Frieson CAPI Associate and United N ations Regional Spokesperson, UNMIBH (UN mission in Bosnia Hercegovina) Occasional Paper No. 26 June 2001 Copyright © 2001 Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives Box 1700, STN CSC Victoria, BC Canada V8W 2Y2 Tel. : (250) 721-7020 Fax : (250) 721-3107 E-mail: [email protected] National Library of Canada Cataloguing in Publication Data Frieson, Kate G. (Kate Grace), 1958- In the Shadows: Women, Power and Politics in Cambodia (CAPI occasional paper series ; 26) ISBN 1-55058-230-5 1. Cambodia–Social conditions. 2. Cambodia–Politics and government. 3. Women in politics–Cambodia. I. UVic Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives. II. Title. III. Series: Occasional papers (UVic Centre for Asia-Pacific Initiatives) ; #26. DS554.8.F74 2001 305.42'09596 C2001-910945-8 Printed in Canada Table of Contents Theoretical Approaches to Gender and Politics ......................................1 Women and the Politics of Socialization ............................................2 Women and the State: Regeneration and the Reproduction of the Nation ..................4 Women and the Defense of the State during War-Time ................................8 Women as Defenders of the Nation ...............................................12 Women in Post-UNTAC Cambodia ..............................................14 Conclusion ..................................................................16 Notes ......................................................................16 In the Shadows: Women, Power and Politics in Cambodia Kate Frieson, University of Victoria "Behind almost all politicians there are women in the shadows" Anonymous writer, Modern Khmer News, 1954 Although largely unscribed in historical writings, women have played important roles in the Cambodian body politic as lance-carrying warriors and defenders of the Angkorean kingdom, influential consorts of kings, deviant divas, revolutionary heroines, spiritual protectors of Buddhist temples, and agents of peace. -
To Keep You Is No Gain, to Kill You Is No Loss* – Securing Justice Through the International Criminal Court
TO KEEP YOU IS NO GAIN, TO KILL YOU IS NO LOSS* – SECURING JUSTICE THROUGH THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT Talitha Gray** I. INTRODUCTION “We who have witnessed in the twentieth century, the worst crimes against humanity, have an opportunity to bequeath to the new century a powerful instrument of justice. So let us rise to this challenge.”1 An incomprehensible number of people have died as a result of war crimes, genocide, and crimes against humanity in the last century. After World War II and the Holocaust, nations and their citizenry proclaimed that never again would something so horrendous happen. “We must make sure that their deaths have posthumous meaning. We must make sure that from now until the end of days all humankind stares this evil in the face . and only then can we be sure it will never arise again.”2 Despite this vow, from 1950 to 1990, there were seventeen genocides, with two that resulted in the death of over a million people.3 In 1994, 800,000 Tutsis died during a three-month genocide in Rwanda.4 Genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity are not only something that occurred in the distant past; sadly, they remain a vivid reality. If there is ever hope to end such crimes, they must be addressed by the law on an international scale. “We stand poised at the edge of invention: a rare occasion to build a new institution to serve a global need. An International Criminal Court is within our * This phrase is identified as the motto of the Khmer Rouge regime who murdered in excess of two million Cambodians during their three year reign. -
Historical Evidence at the ECCC
History and the Boundaries of Legality: Historical Evidence at the ECCC The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Andrew Mamo, History and the Boundaries of Legality: Historical Evidence at the ECCC (May, 2013). Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:10985172 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA History and the Boundaries of Legality: Historical Evidence at the ECCC Andrew Mamo The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) are marked by the amount of time that has elapsed between the fall of Democratic Kampuchea in 1979 and the creation of the tribunal. Does this passage of time matter? There are obvious practical reasons why it does: suspects die, witnesses die or have their memories fade, documents are lost and found, theories of accountability gain or lose currency within the broader public. And yet, formally, the mechanisms of criminal justice continue to operate despite the intervening years. The narrow jurisdiction limits the court’s attention to the events of 1975–1979, and potential evidence must meet legal requirements of relevance in order to be admissible. Beyond the immediate questions of the quality of the evidence, does history matter? Should it? One answer is that this history is largely irrelevant to the legal questions at issue. -
First Quarterly Report: January-March, 2012
mCÄmNÐlÉkßrkm<úCa Documentation Center of Cambodia Quarterly Report: January‐March, 2012 DC‐Cam Team Leaders and the Management Team Prepared and Compiled by Farina So Office Manager Edited by Norman (Sambath) Pentelovitch April, 2012 Sirik Savina, Outreach Coordinator, discusses with the villagers about the hearing process at Khmer Rouge Tribunal. Abbreviations CHRAC Cambodian Human Rights Action Committee CP Civil Party CTM Cambodia Tribunal Monitor DC‐Cam Documentation Center of Cambodia DK Democratic Kampuchea ECCC Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia ICC International Criminal Court ITP Sida Advanced International Training Programme KID Khmer Institute for Democracy KR Khmer Rouge MMMF Margaret McNamara Memorial Fund MRDC Mondul Kiri Resource and Documentation Centre OCP Office of Co‐Prosecutors OCIJ Office of Co‐Investigating Judges PTSD Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Sida Swedish International Development Agency TSL Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum UN United Nations UNDP United Nation for Development Program USAID United States Agency for International Development VOT Victims of Torture VPA Victims Participation Project VSS Victim Support Section YFP Youth for Peace YRDP Youth Resource Development Program 2 Table of Contents Executive Summary.............................................................................................................. 1 Results/Outcome................................................................................................................. 7 Raised Public Awareness on the Value of Documents............................................. -
The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: an Ambiguous Good News Story
perspectives The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: An Ambiguous Good News Story Milton Osborne A u g u s t 2 0 0 7 The Lowy Institute for International Policy is an independent international policy think tank based in Sydney, Australia. Its mandate ranges across all the dimensions of international policy debate in Australia – economic, political and strategic – and it is not limited to a particular geographic region. Its two core tasks are to: • produce distinctive research and fresh policy options for Australia’s international policy and to contribute to the wider international debate. • promote discussion of Australia’s role in the world by providing an accessible and high quality forum for discussion of Australian international relations through debates, seminars, lectures, dialogues and conferences. Lowy Institute Perspectives are occasional papers and speeches on international events and policy. The views expressed in this paper are the author’s own and not those of the Lowy Institute for International Policy. The Khmer Rouge Tribunal: an ambiguous good news story Milton Osborne It’s [the Khmer Rouge Tribunal] heavily symbolic and won’t have much to do with justice . It will produce verdicts which delineate the KR leadership as having been a small group and nothing to do with the present regime. Philip Short, author of Pol Pot: anatomy of a nightmare, London, 2004, quoted in Phnom Penh Post, 26 January8 February 2007. Some ten months after it was finally inaugurated in July 2006, and more than twentyeight years after the overthrow of the Democratic Kampuchean (DK) regime led by Pol Pot, the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), more familiarly known as the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, has at last handed down its first indictment. -
Microsoft Office 2000
mCÄmNÐlÉkßrkm<úCa Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) Genocide Education is Genocide Prevention Education on Democratic Kampuchea History in Cambodia (1975-1979) Report 28th Classroom forum on "the importance of studying the Khmer Rouge history (1975-1979) at Bun Rany Hun Sen Koh Dach High School Report by: Seang Chenda January 23, 2018 Documentation Center of Cambodia (constituted in 1995) Searching for the Truth: Memory & Justice EsVgrkKrBit edIm, IK rcg©M nig yutþiFm‘’ 66 Preah Sihanouk Blvd. P.O.Box 1110 Phnom Penh Cambodia t (855-23) 211-875 [email protected] www.dccam.org Table of Content Overall Summary ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Purpose of the forum .................................................................................................................................... 4 Forum ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1 Opening remark ...................................................................................................................................... 5 2 Pre-forum survey and K-W-L chart ................................................................................................. 5 3 Documentary film screening .............................................................................................................. 5 4 Presentation of DK history and -
07 Raimund Weiß 3교OK.Indd
Asian Journal of Peacebuilding Vol. 8 No. 1 (2020): 113-131 doi: 10.18588/202005.00a069 Research Article Peacebuilding, Democratization, and Political Reconciliation in Cambodia Raimund Weiß This research article explains why Cambodia’s dual transition of peacebuilding and democratization after the civil war led to peace but not democracy. The research finds that democratization often threatened peacebuilding in Cambodia. Particularly elections led to political instability, mass protests, and renewed violence, and thus also blocked reforms to democratize Cambodia’s government institutions. By applying the war-to-democracy transition theory and theories of political reconciliation to Cambodia’s dual transition, the following research article finds that a lack of political reconciliation between Cambodia’s former civil war parties is the main reason why the dual transition failed. This article argues that peace-building and democratization are only complementary processes in post-civil war states when preceded by political reconciliation between the former civil war parties. Keywords Cambodia, dual transition, peacebuilding, democratization, war-to-democracy transition theory Introduction The year 2020 marks almost thirty years of peacebuilding in Cambodia. The country appears to have overcome the violence and destruction of two civil wars and the totalitarian Pol Pot regime. Cambodia experiences the longest-lasting peace since gaining independence from France in 1953. But despite this progress, peacebuilding in Cambodia did not lead to the consolidation of liberal multiparty democracy as foreseen in the Paris Peace Accords. In July 2018, Cambodia held the sixth national election since the end of the civil war. The incumbent Cambodian People’s Party (CPP) under Prime Minister Hun Sen won for the first time all 125 seats of Cambodia’s National Assembly. -
15.5 Analysis of Alternatives
EIA Report The Study on Dang Kor new disposal site development in Phnom Penh JICA Annex 15. Environment Impact Assessment Report KOKUSAI KOGYO CO., LTD. Figure 15-68: View of the new disposal site from Bakou (to North) 15.5 Analysis of Alternatives 15.5.1 Review of the Previous Report for Siting of Disposal Site Two studies on the selection of the candidate site for the new disposal site after closure of the Stung Mean Chey disposal site were conducted. One is the “Report on searching for new landfill” (DPWT No. 634, 11 August 1995) and the other is “Dump Site Construction” in Phnom Penh (April 1997). According to the minutes of meeting on the inception report of this study signed on the 10th of March 2003, the study team reviewed the above-mentioned studies to verify the appropriateness of the site where the MPP had already acquired 11 ha of land as a part of the proposed area based on the results of these studies. a. Review of “Report on searching for new landfill” (DPWT No.634, 11 August 1995) The following four candidate sites for the new disposal site were nominated for the study. Candidate 1: Prey Sala Village, Sangkat Kakoy, Khan Dang Kor Candidate 2: Sam Rong Village, Khan Dang Kor Candidate 3: Pray Speu Village, Khan Dang Kor Candidate 4: Choeung Ek Village, Sangkat Choeung Ek, Khan Dang Kor The characteristics are summarized in Table 15-60 and their locations are shown in. Figure 15-69. At the time of this study, it was presumed that an area of about 10 ha was to be considered as a candidate site. -
Download.Html; Zsombor Peter, Loss of Forest in Cambodia Among Worst in the World, Cambodia Daily, Nov
CAMBODIA LAW AND POLICY JOURNAL 2013-2014 CHY TERITH Editor-in-Chief, Khmer-language ANNE HEINDEL Editor-in-Chief, English-language CHARLES JACKSON SHANNON MAREE TORRENS Editorial Advisors LIM CHEYTOATH SOKVISAL KIMSROY Articles Editors, Khmer-language LIM CHEYTOATH SOPHEAK PHEANA SAY SOLYDA PECHET MEN Translators HEATHER ANDERSON RACHEL KILLEAN Articles Editor, English-language YOUK CHHANG, Director, Documentation Center of Cambodia JOHN CIORCIARI, Assistant Professor of Public Policy, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, Michigan University RANDLE DEFALCO, Articling Student-at-Law at the Hamilton Crown Attorney’s Office, LL.M, University of Toronto JAYA RAMJI-NOGALES, Associate Professor, Temple University Beasley School of Law PEOUDARA VANTHAN, Deputy Director Documentation Center of Cambodia Advisory Board ISSN 2408-9540 Disclaimer: The views expressed in this journal are those of the authors only. Copyright © 2014 by the Documentation Center of Cambodia. All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The Cambodia Law and PoLiCY JoURnaL Eternal (2013). Painting by Asasax The Documentation Center of Cambodia (DC-Cam) is pleased to an- design, which will house a museum, research center, and a graduate nounce Cambodia’s first bi-annual academic journal published in English studies program. The Cambodia Law and Policy Journal, part of the and Khmer: The Cambodia Law and Policy Journal (CLPJ). DC-Cam Center’s Witnessing Justice Project, will be the Institute’s core academic strongly believes that empowering Cambodians to make informed publication. -
A Conviction, Finally P.S. Suryanarayana August 11, 2010
A conviction, finally P.S. Suryanarayana August 11, 2010 It is an old adage that justice delayed is justice denied. However, delayed justice in a case relating to a horrific crime like genocide cannot be brushed aside on the only basis of such a perspective. More so when the issue concerns a three-decade-old genocide in a developing country like Cambodia, which is still coming to terms with its sense of national loss caused by that period of genocides. On July 26, the Trial Chamber of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC) handed down the first-ever judicial verdict on the genocide committed by the Pol- Pot-led Khmer Rouge in that country during the 1970s – April 1975 to January 1979. An estimated three million people perished when they were subjected to physical, political and social forms of genocide. Surely, the latest verdict in Phnom Penh is not about the notorious Pol Pot himself, who died over a decade ago. Nonetheless, the case relating to a Khmer Rouge prison chief, Kaing Guek Eav (67), also known as Duch, reflects a degree of social resilience that Cambodia can perhaps take credit for. The very fact of this judgment, not its finer details, can account for a celebration of justice. As of the end of July, the verdict is still open to the possibility of an appeal. Cambodia, more particularly the present government led by Hun Sen, has often been criticised for being soft on the Khmer Rouge. Such criticism is particularly pronounced in the Western circles, well known for demanding differential standards of justice on different occasions and in respect of different places. -
Cambodia's Appeal for International Conference on Border Issue With
YEAR: 3 NO:31 BULLETIN: JULY - AUG UST, 2010 CONTENT : PAGE 1 - Cambodia’s Appeal for Inter- national Conference on Bor- der Issue with Thailand. Cambodia’s Appeal for International Page 1 Conference on Border Issue with Thailand - PM: Cambodia’s Economic Growth Will Be at 5 Percent. Page 1 sent letters to mier while presiding - Cambodian Premier Presides UN General over the dissemina- Over the Closing of the 5th A s s e m b l y tion ceremony of the CRC General Assembly. President Ali National Program for Page 2 Abdussalam Sub-national Democ- Treki and UN ratic Development - Cambodia, Iran Agree to S e c u r i t y held here on Aug. 9 Boost Ties. Page 2 Council Presi- at Koh Pich confer- dent Vitaly ence center. - Statement of the Ministry of Churkin com- “The bilateral Foreign Affairs and Interna- plaining about mechanism would tional Cooperation. Page 3 Thailand’s not work anymore. threat to use We need to resort to Prime Minister Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen both diplo- multilateral mecha- - World Heritage Committee addresses the audiences over the launching ceremony of the (WHC) Supports UNESCO National Program for Sub-National Democratic Development matic and nism. We call upon to Work with Cambodia over (2010-2019) military means the ASEAN member Conservation of Preah- to resolve the countries, the UN Vihear. Page 3 border dispute and other countries Phnom Penh, August dia, has called for an with Cambodia. including the country - Cambodian Garment Industry 10, 2010 AKP — international confer- “I am appealing members of the Paris More Competitive, Experts Samdech Akka ence on Cambodia- to hold an interna- Peace Accords,” he Say. -
Choeung Ek and Local Genocide Memorials.1
Memory and Sovereignty in Post-1979 Cambodia: Choeung Ek and Local Genocide Memorials.1 Rachel Hughes University of Melbourne, Australia Introduction This chapter seeks to investigate the politics and symbolism of memorial sites in Cambodia that are dedicated to the victims of the Democratic Kampuchea or “Pol Pot” period of 1975-1979. These national and local-level memorials were built during the decade immediately following the 1979 toppling of Pol Pot, during which time the Cambodian state was known as the People’s Republic of Kampuchea (PRK). I will concentrate especially on the Choeung Ek Center for Genocide Crimes, located in the semi-rural outskirts of Phnom Penh. The chapter also examines local-level genocide memorials2 found throughout Cambodia. These two types of memorial — the large, central, national-level memorial, and the smaller, local memorial — command significant popular attention in contemporary Cambodia. An analysis of these two memorial types offers insights into PRK national reconstruction and the contemporary place-based politics of memory around Cambodia’s traumatic past. The Choeung Ek Center for Genocide Crimes The Choeung Ek Center for Genocide Crimes,3 featuring the large Memorial Stupa, is located fifteen kilometers southwest of Phnom Penh, Cambodia’s capital. The site lies just outside of the urban fringe in Dang Kao district, but falls within the jurisdiction of the municipal authority of Phnom Penh. The Choeung Ek site, originally a Chinese graveyard, operated from 1977 to the end of 1978 as a killing site and burial ground for thousands of victims of Pol Pot’s purges (Chandler 1999: 139-140).