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Towards the Sustainable Use of Europe's Forests – Forest Towards the Sustainable Use of Europe’s Forests – Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Research: Scientific Challenges and Opportunities Folke Andersson, Yves Birot and Risto Päivinen (eds.) EFI Proceedings No. 49, 2004 European Forest Institute ECOFOR, France ENFORS – European Network for long-term Forest IUFRO International Union of Ecosystem and Landscape Research of COST E25 Forest Research Organizations EFI Proceedings No. 49, 2004 Towards the Sustainable Use of Europe’s Forests – Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Research: Scientific Challenges and Opportunities Folke Andersson, Yves Birot and Risto Päivinen (eds.) Publisher: European Forest Institute Series Editors: Risto Päivinen, Editor-in-Chief Minna Korhonen, Technical Editor Brita Pajari, Conference Manager Editorial Office: European Forest Institute Phone: +358 13 252 020 Torikatu 34 Fax. +358 13 124 393 FIN-80100 Joensuu, Finland Email: [email protected] WWW: http://www.efi.fi/ Cover photo: Saku Ruusila Layout: Kuvaste Oy Printing: Gummerus Printing Saarijärvi, Finland 2004 Disclaimer: The papers in this book comprise the proceedings of the event mentioned on the cover and title page. They reflect the authors' opinions and do not necessarily correspond to those of the European Forest Institute. © European Forest Institute 2004 ISSN 1237-8801 (printed) ISBN 952-5453-00-6 (printed) ISSN 14587-0610 (online) ISBN 952-5453-01-4 (online) Contents Birot, Y. and Introduction ...................................................................................................... 5 Päivinen, R. Forest Management and Practices Farcy, C. Forest Planning in Europe: State of the Art, International Debate and Emerging Tools ............................................................................................... 11 Bartelink, H.H. and Modelling at the Interface between Scientific Knowledge and Mohren, G.M.J. Management Issues ......................................................................................... 21 Kahle et al. A Moving Target: Forest Growth in a Changing Environment – the Role of Long-Term Dynamics ................................................................................. 31 Cater, M. and Sustainable Management of Slovenian Floodplain Forests at Landscape Hladnik, D. Level ............................................................................................................... 41 Chatziphilippidis, G. Sustainable Management of Coppice Forests in Greece ................................ 51 and Spyroglou, G. Montes et al. The Effects of Silviculture on the Structure in Mature Scots Pine Stands ..... 61 Lorenz, M. Monitoring of Forest Condition in Europe ..................................................... 73 Environmental Economics and Sociology Schmithüsen, F. Forest Policy Developments in Changing Societies: Political Trends and Challenges to Research ................................................................................... 87 Stenger et al. Environmental Economics for Sustainable Forest Management .................. 101 Fürst et al. Multifunctional Demands to Forestry – Societal Background, Evaluation Approaches and Adapted Inventory Methods for the Key Functions Protection, Production, Diversity and Recreation ........................................ 113 Elsasser, P. Economic Valuation of Non-Market Forest Benefits in Germany ............... 125 Rekola, M. Perceived Property Rights – the Case of Regeneration Cuttings in Finland .......................................................................................................... 135 Rantala, T. Conceptions of Democracy of Key Informal Interest Groups in Finnish Forest Policy ................................................................................................. 145 Ecosystem Functioning and Management van Oijen et al. Modelling Biogeochemical Cycles in Forests: State of the Art and Perspectives .................................................................................................. 157 Kohler, M. and New Aspects of Element Cycling and Forest Nutrition ................................ 171 Hildebrand, E.E. Schindler et al. Investigation on the CO2 Balance of a Scots Pine Stand Suffering from Regularly Occurring Summer Drought: Proposal of a Combination of Methods Applied in Micrometeorology and Tree Physiology ...................... 181 von Wilpert, K. and Forestry Management Options for Water Preservation ................................ 189 Zirlewagen, D. Indriksons, A. and Cycle of Water and Biogenous Elements in the Forest Ecosystems in Zalitis, P. Latvia ............................................................................................................ 199 Biodiversity and Forest Management Bergès, L. The Effects of Felling Regimes and Silvicultural Treatments on Forest Species with Different Life History Traits: State of the Art and Management Implications ............................................................................ 221 Quine et al. Biodiversity in the UK’s Forests – Recent Policy Developments and Future Research Challenges ......................................................................... 237 García del Barrio The Contribution of Structural Elements to Plant Diversity in et al. Mediterranean Forest Landscapes ................................................................ 249 Sippola, A.-L. Maintaining Biodiversity in Managed Forests – Results of Beetle and Polypore Studies in Boreal Forests ............................................................... 259 Herrera, B. and Contributions of New Remote Sensing Tools to Forest Biodiversity Koch, B. Assessment and Monitoring ......................................................................... 273 Additional Topics Mosquera-Losada Shrub and Tree Potential as Animal Food in Galicia, NW Spain ................. 285 et al. Mosquera-Losada The Effect of Fertilisation and Tree Density on Pinus radiata Growth and et al. Pasture Production in Silvopastoral Systems in Galicia, NW Spain ............ 295 Rigueiro-Rodríguez Responses of Main Shrub Species to Different Grazing Regimes in et al. Galicia ........................................................................................................... 301 Mosquera-Losada Pinus radiata D. Don growth and pasture production in fertilised et al. silvopastoral systems in Galicia, NW Spain ................................................. 309 Towards a Centre for European Forest Science Rennolls, K. Towards the Sustainable Use of Europe’s Forests: a Centre for European Forest Science! – Some Missing Catalytic Elements? .................................. 317 Päivinen, R. Postscript ...................................................................................................... 323 Introduction Yves Birot1 and Risto Päivinen2 1ECOFOR, France 2European Forest Institute Networking European research on forest ecosystems is highly desirable Scientific research in Europe is organised on the basis of national institutions such as universities and research organisations. Over the last 20 years, the policy initiated by the European Union through 5 consecutive Framework-programmes for RTD has resulted in the building of scientific communities in various disciplines, structured in networks between teams across Europe. Before being transformed into an ambitious political concept by the Commissioner Philippe Busquin, the European Research Area (ERA) was already becoming a reality. To achieve ERA, a new Framework-programme for RTD, as well as other new instruments, have been launched by the European Commission – the 6th Framework Programme. Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) has become the pillar of forest policy at national, European and global scale, in the context of post UNCED Conference (Rio), and World and European processes (MCPFE). However, SFM is a complex issue. A sound implementation requires improved knowledge within a multidisciplinary framework. Research can contribute, to a large extent, in providing the rationale and the background for such an integrated management of forests, making the forest sector a key component of sustainable development. The situation of forest related research, particularly in the field of sustainable forest management, has been assessed in the context of a COST study on “the inventory of forest research capacity in Europe (1999)”. This work has shown that despite significant research forces in Europe on biophysical and socio-economic disciplines, fragmentation and dispersion of research teams and laboratories are real handicaps. There is obviously a need for concentration of means, in particular in scientific disciplines highly demanding in skills and equipments: forest ecosystem research is certainly among those. The launching of the 6th FP together with its new instruments, paves the way to a better coordination in this field. Among the new instruments of FP6, in particular the major ones; it appears that the option “Network of Excellence” (NoE) is better suited to the purpose of assembling in a durable manner scientific competences across Europe for advancing knowledge, rather than the option “Integrated Project” aimed at producing clear and quantified deliverables through integration across technical areas, activities (research, technology, dissemination and various bodies). Folke Andersson, Yves Birot and Risto Päivinen (eds.) Towards the Sustainable Use of Europe’s Forests – Forest Ecosystem and Landscape Research: Scientific Challenges and Opportunities EFI Proceedings No. 49, 2004 6 Towards
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