DOCSLIB.ORG

AR TICLE a Without-Prejudice List of Generic Names of Fungi For

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
AR TICLE a Without-Prejudice List of Generic Names of Fungi For IMA FUNGUS · VOLUME 4 · NO 2: 381–443 I#JKK$'LNJ#*JPJN# A without-prejudice list of generic names of fungi for protection under the ARTICLE International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants Paul M. Kirk1, Joost A. Stalpers2, Uwe Braun3, Pedro W. Crous2, Karen Hansen4, David L. Hawksworth1, 5, Kevin D. Hyde, Robert Lücking7, Thorsten H. Lumbsch7, Amy Y. Rossman', Keith A. Seifert9, and Mark Stadler10 14"x`"@$*"_>?I 2/x"?|;<x/_'*K'P/@_@| 34?+?_xx`x`|N#JJ$$" ` 4x"4|"~x6KJJJ";"?#JPJK"" 5xD<<_/4~G/4N'JPJ ">+"@|4/+"Kx_ 6<""4<+_/@ 7"!@<4#PJJ"+"/+JJK_"; 'Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA 9x4;!;?</#;J// 10G/`4%*'#NPx` Abstract: ;[+~`|<? Key words: +$$K Ascomycota generic names out of the 17072 validly published names proposed for fungi and invite comments from all interested Basidiomycota mycologists by 31 March 2014. The selection of names for inclusion takes note of recent major publications on different Chytridiomycota groups of fungi, and further the decisions reached so far by international working groups concerned with particular Glomeromycota families or genera. Changes will be sought in the Code to provide for this and lists at other ranks to be protected against Lichens any competing unlisted names, and to permit the inclusion of names of lichen-forming fungi. A revised draft will be made Myxomycota available for further discussion at the 10th International Mycological Congress in Bangkok in August 2014. A schedule is Nomenclature suggested for the steps needed to produce a list for adoption by the International Botanical Congress in August 2017. Protected List This initiative provides mycologists with an opportunity to place nomenclature at the generic level on a more secure Oomycota and stable base. Zygomycota Article info:"I#NJ#*>;I#NJ#*>~I#'NJ#* INTRODUCTION /@6</@< However, the rates of progress have varied, and there are many The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and orders and families with no working groups. The procedures for plants/|>4|et al. 2012) provided for the development the development, review, and approval of lists will necessarily of lists of accepted names of fungi in all ranks that could be be lengthy as they require much care over matters of 6 [M |/<|/<` of two or more competing names the mycological community Committee (Art. 14.13). The Code also provided for the wishes to commend. While the Code[ ; K* [ While the motivation for these lists was the ending of the the subsequent International Botanical Congress (IBC), that is provisions for the separate naming of different morphs of the likely to be the situation in practice. Also as some aspects of the same species, which became effective on 30 July 2012, there [ was no such restriction placed on the names that might be to the wordings in the current Codex/R6? placed on the new lists. 6"G/N*MN$¤ Considerable progress has been made in the development NJ#>|" [ the Code or adopt lists would be discussed is scheduled for propose for protection by working groups co-ordinated by the #'MNN¤NJ# © 2013 International Mycological Association You are free to share - to copy, distribute and transmit the work, under the following conditions: Attribution: [ Non-commercial: No derivative works: For any reuse or distribution, you must make clear to others the license terms of this work, which can be found at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/legalcode. Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from the copyright holder. Nothing in this license impairs or restricts the author’s moral rights. VOLUME 4 · NO. 2 381 Kirk et al. Acceptance of lists by the mycological community as a The selection of names presented here is without- whole is desirable, and the best method for that would be prejudice. That is, it is a document with no decision, that through review, and adoption with amendments proposed, leaves all mycologists free to argue and that the contents are 4/*M'; not to be taken as implying that they will be those eventually 2014 in Bangkok, Thailand. Following that Congress, the adopted. Nevertheless, this list has endeavoured to follow ARTICLE lists would be honed and submitted to the NCF (via the the developing views of working groups as their discussions `/` continue, in addition to the publications cited above and the / NJ#K [ personal knowledge of the contributors to this list. Input from NJ#x/ the wider mycological community is encouraged. Matters At the Spring Symposium organized by the CBS-KNAW to be considered in making choices between competing Fungal Biodiversity Centre in Amsterdam on 10–12 April [G 2013, it was recognized that slow progress was being in Hawksworth (2012). made on the preparation of lists for many groups of fungi, All fungal groups whose nomenclature is covered by the and dates in the suggested timetable (Hawksworth 2012) Code are treated here, including slime-moulds (Myxomycota were being missed. In view of the urgent need to resolve or Mycetozoa), oomycetes (Oomycota), and lichen-forming which of competing generic names in particular were to be fungi (see below). Names of Microsporidia6 adopted, especially in fungi of applied importance such as their nomenclature is governed by the International Code of medicine and plant pathology, it was proposed that a draft Zoological Nomenclature/|~' + ~ ` | It is always easier to introduce a new generic name than for discussion and made available for comment as soon as to discover if one is already available in the past literature. ;NJ#*@[ As we do not wish to encourage oversights, but do wish to of that proposal. provide an opportunity for earlier names to be discovered, 6 before 1 January 2000. THE WITHOUT-PREJUDICE LIST $$K and dates of publication. A fuller version with bibliographical The starting point for the preparation of the list presented citations and information on the type species will be available here was the names of genera accepted in the latest edition to download as a PDF from the website of the ICTF. The of Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi (Kirk et al. list to be proposed for eventual adoption will include that NJJ' information, but those elements are omitted in this article species information from the already scrutinized NCU-3: "[ Names in current use for extant plant genera`et al. places of publication and type species, will also be available 1993), Index Fungorum, and MycoBank. We also took into G[ account available major works and other compilations. These www.generaoffungi.org. are too numerous to list here, but include the Outline of Ascomycota–2009 (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2010), The Yeasts (Kurtzman et al. 2011), The Genera of Hyphomycetes (Seifert CODE MODIFICATIONS AND CLARIFICATIONS et al. 2011), and proposals regarding the choice between competing names in some families already published Because the concept of protected and rejected lists of names (Rossman et al. 2013, Stadler et al. 2013). We also drew on had not been discussed by mycologists at large prior to its various works recently published or in press (e.g. Braun et al. inclusion in the Code, a number of matters require further 2013, Hyde et al. 2013). With respect to the names proposed [ [@ 6 prior to the development of formal proposals. compiled in Kendrick & Di Cosmo (1979) and Hyde et al. (2011) was of particular value. Terminology In an ideal situation, the type material of the type The Code does not give a title for the new appendices to the species of all the generic names should be assessed, as Code where lists of names to be accepted or rejected under stressed by Stalpers (2013). The scale of such a task is ;#P#*;K* enormous, especially considering the number of mycologists to avoid confusion with the lists of conserved and rejected 6 IndexFungorumL names already in the Code, various possibilities have been MycoBank holds information on 17 072 generic names that OG P are considered validly published and dating from before 2010. `et al. 2012b), “list-accepted vs?P` G et al NJ#N ?6 O~P NJJ##JK O"P ; NJ#* @ <6/ O~P !"#$*#`et al. 1993). Much information is also available in database form, as Index Nominum Genericorum Status of listed names (Plantarum 6 x ! The Code currently states that names on accepted lists “are `#$$ to be listed with their types together with those competing been considered in any of these lists. synonyms (including sanctioned names) against which they 382 IMA FUNGUS Without-prejudice list of generic names of fungi for protection P;#P#*@ by the 2017 International Botanical Congress (IBC), a list ARTICLE not address the issue of instability caused by the resurrection ready for scrutiny needs to be available at the 10th IMC in of long-unused or little-used names to replace widely used x ; NJ#P 6? 6 steps in the evolution of this without-prejudice list to a ? [ protected list. recognize that the Code provides mechanisms to avoid such deleterious changes, but the bureaucracy and time-scales (1) Proposals for additions, deletions, or correction to this involved can deter mycologist from following that course. without-prejudice list to be submitted to Joost A. Stalpers Consequently, we suggest that names on the protected lists () for Basidiomycota, and Paul M. Kirk should be protected against all unlisted names. A precedent () for all other phyla by 31 March 2014. for this type of protection is seen in the Resolution concerning [Trichocomaceae carried at the (2) The above proposals to be compiled and presented to @x/ #$$* O6 O``P/x"?|; names that would compete with or change the application of Fungal Biodiversity Centre in Amsterdam on 24-25 April 2014.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny of the Cetrarioid Core (Parmeliaceae) Based on Five
    The Lichenologist 41(5): 489–511 (2009) © 2009 British Lichen Society doi:10.1017/S0024282909990090 Printed in the United Kingdom Phylogeny of the cetrarioid core (Parmeliaceae) based on five genetic markers Arne THELL, Filip HÖGNABBA, John A. ELIX, Tassilo FEUERER, Ingvar KÄRNEFELT, Leena MYLLYS, Tiina RANDLANE, Andres SAAG, Soili STENROOS, Teuvo AHTI and Mark R. D. SEAWARD Abstract: Fourteen genera belong to a monophyletic core of cetrarioid lichens, Ahtiana, Allocetraria, Arctocetraria, Cetraria, Cetrariella, Cetreliopsis, Flavocetraria, Kaernefeltia, Masonhalea, Nephromopsis, Tuckermanella, Tuckermannopsis, Usnocetraria and Vulpicida. A total of 71 samples representing 65 species (of 90 worldwide) and all type species of the genera are included in phylogentic analyses based on a complete ITS matrix and incomplete sets of group I intron, -tubulin, GAPDH and mtSSU sequences. Eleven of the species included in the study are analysed phylogenetically for the first time, and of the 178 sequences, 67 are newly constructed. Two phylogenetic trees, one based solely on the complete ITS-matrix and a second based on total information, are similar, but not entirely identical. About half of the species are gathered in a strongly supported clade composed of the genera Allocetraria, Cetraria s. str., Cetrariella and Vulpicida. Arctocetraria, Cetreliopsis, Kaernefeltia and Tuckermanella are monophyletic genera, whereas Cetraria, Flavocetraria and Tuckermannopsis are polyphyletic. The taxonomy in current use is compared with the phylogenetic results, and future, probable or potential adjustments to the phylogeny are discussed. The single non-DNA character with a strong correlation to phylogeny based on DNA-sequences is conidial shape. The secondary chemistry of the poorly known species Cetraria annae is analyzed for the first time; the cortex contains usnic acid and atranorin, whereas isonephrosterinic, nephrosterinic, lichesterinic, protolichesterinic and squamatic acids occur in the medulla.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi: Exploring the Linkages Between Functional and Taxonomic Responses to Anthropogenic N Deposition
    fungal ecology 4 (2011) 174e183 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/funeco Conservation of ectomycorrhizal fungi: exploring the linkages between functional and taxonomic responses to anthropogenic N deposition E.A. LILLESKOVa,*, E.A. HOBBIEb, T.R. HORTONc aUSDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Houghton, MI 49931, USA bComplex Systems Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03833, USA cState University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, 246 Illick Hall, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA article info abstract Article history: Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition alters ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but the Received 12 April 2010 effect on functional diversity is not clear. In this review we explore whether fungi that Revision received 9 August 2010 respond differently to N deposition also differ in functional traits, including organic N use, Accepted 22 September 2010 hydrophobicity and exploration type (extent and pattern of extraradical hyphae). Corti- Available online 14 January 2011 narius, Tricholoma, Piloderma, and Suillus had the strongest evidence of consistent negative Corresponding editor: Anne Pringle effects of N deposition. Cortinarius, Tricholoma and Piloderma display consistent protein use and produce medium-distance fringe exploration types with hydrophobic mycorrhizas and Keywords: rhizomorphs. Genera that produce long-distance exploration types (mostly Boletales) and Conservation biology contact short-distance exploration types (e.g., Russulaceae, Thelephoraceae, some athe- Ectomycorrhizal fungi lioid genera) vary in sensitivity to N deposition. Members of Bankeraceae have declined in Exploration types Europe but their enzymatic activity and belowground occurrence are largely unknown.
    [Show full text]
  • Gasteromycetes) of Alberta and Northwest Montana
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1975 A preliminary study of the flora and taxonomy of the order Lycoperdales (Gasteromycetes) of Alberta and northwest Montana William Blain Askew The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Askew, William Blain, "A preliminary study of the flora and taxonomy of the order Lycoperdales (Gasteromycetes) of Alberta and northwest Montana" (1975). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 6854. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/6854 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE FLORA AND TAXONOMY OF THE ORDER LYCOPERDALES (GASTEROMYCETES) OF ALBERTA AND NORTHWEST MONTANA By W. Blain Askew B,Ed., B.Sc,, University of Calgary, 1967, 1969* Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1975 Approved 'by: Chairman, Board of Examiners ■ /Y, / £ 2 £ Date / UMI Number: EP37655 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Sarcoporia Polyspora</I>
    ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2015. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON http://dx.doi.org/10.5248/130.279 Volume 130, pp. 279–287 January–March 2015 Geographic distribution of Sarcoporia polyspora and S. longitubulata sp. nov. Josef Vlasák1*, Josef Vlasák Jr., Juha Kinnunen2, & Viacheslav Spirin2 1Biol. Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Branišovská 31, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Rep. 2Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland * Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — DNA study of Sarcoporia polyspora (= Parmastomyces transmutans) revealed only negligible sequence differences between conifer-dwelling specimens with cartilaginous layer in the context from USA, Brazil, Europe, and Far East Asia, but a very different sequence from three resupinate and hardwood-bound collections without such a layer and with slightly narrower and pale brown spores from USA and Madeira Islands. This fungus, found also among historical USA collections of S. polyspora in the BPI herbarium, is described here as Sarcoporia longitubulata. The phylogenetic position ofSarcoporia is discussed. Key words — Basidiomycota, brown rot fungi, molecular taxonomy, Parmastomyces kravtzevianus Introduction Sarcoporia polyspora P. Karst. is a very distinct, brown-rot polypore with soft, resupinate to effused-reflexed basidiomes that are white to crème at first but turn reddish-brown after bruising or drying. It can be easily recognized by its ellipsoid and thick-walled, dextrinoid spores, which are quite unique in polypores. The species is rare in Europe but rather common in North America (on Tsuga spp. and Pinus spp.) and in Asia (Vlasák & Kout 2010, Dai 2012).
    [Show full text]
  • High Diversity of Fungi Recovered from the Roots of Mature Tanoak (Lithocarpus Densiflorus) in Northern California
    1380 High diversity of fungi recovered from the roots of mature tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus)in northern California S.E. Bergemann and M. Garbelotto Abstract: We collected mature tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehder) roots from five stands to charac- terize the relative abundance and taxonomic richness of root-associated fungi. Fungi were identified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloning, and sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 28S rDNA. A total of 382 cloned PCR inserts were successfully sequenced and then classified into 119 taxa. Of these taxa, 82 were basidiomycetes, 33 were ascomycetes, and 4 were zygomycetes. Thirty-one of the ascomycete sequences were identified as Cenococcum geo- philum Fr. with overall richness of 22 ITS types. Other ascomycetes that form mycorrhizal associations were identified in- cluding Wilcoxina and Tuber as well as endophytes such as Lachnum, Cadophora, Phialophora, and Phialocephela. The most abundant mycorrhizal groups were Russulaceae (Lactarius, Macowanites, Russula) and species in the Thelephorales (Bankera, Boletopsis, Hydnellum, Tomentella). Our study demonstrates that tanoak supports a high diversity of ectomycor- rhizal fungi with comparable species richness to that observed in Quercus root communities. Key words: Cenoccocum geophilum, community, dark septate endophytes, ectomycorrhiza, species richness. Re´sume´ : Les auteurs ont pre´leve´ des racines de Lithocarpus densiflorus (Hook. & Arn.) Rehder) dans cinq peuplements, afin de caracte´riser l’abondance relative et la richesse taxonomique des champignons associe´sa` ses racines. On a identifie´ les champignons a` l’aide du PCR, par clonage et se´quenc¸age de l’ITS et du 28S rADN. On a se´quence´ avec succe`s 382 segments clone´s par PCR avant de les classifier en 119 taxons.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Allocetraria (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in China
    The Lichenologist 47(1): 31–34 (2015) 6 British Lichen Society, 2015 doi:10.1017/S0024282914000528 A new species of Allocetraria (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) in China Rui-Fang WANG, Xin-Li WEI and Jiang-Chun WEI Abstract: Allocetraria yunnanensis R. F. Wang, X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei is described as a new species from the Yunnan Province of China, and is characterized by having a shiny upper surface, strongly wrinkled lower surface, and marginal pseudocyphellae present on the lower side in the form of a white continuous line or spot. The phylogenetic analysis based on nrDNA ITS sequences suggests that the new species is related to A. sinensis X. Q. Gao. Key words: Allocetraria yunnanensis, lichen, taxonomy Accepted for publication 26 June 2014 Introduction genus, as all ten species have been reported there (Kurokawa & Lai 1991; Thell et al. The lichenized genus Allocetraria Kurok. & 1995; Randlane et al. 2001; Wang et al. M. J. Lai was described in 1991, with a new 2014). During our taxonomic study of Allo- species A. isidiigera Kurok. & M. J. Lai, and cetraria, a new species was found. two new combinations: A. ambigua (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M. J. Lai and A. stracheyi (C. Bab.) Kurok. & M. J. Lai (Kurokawa & Lai 1991). The main distribution area of Allocetraria Materials and Methods species was reported to be in the Himalayas, A dissecting microscope (ZEISS Stemi SV11) and com- including China, India, and Nepal. pound microscope (ZEISS Axioskop 2 plus) were used Allocetraria is characterized by dichoto- to study the morphology and anatomy of the specimens. Colour test reagents [10% aqueous KOH, saturated mously or subdichotomously branched lobes aqueous Ca(OCl)2, and concentrated alcoholic p- and a foliose to suberect or erect thallus with phenylenediamine] and thin-layer chromatography sparse rhizines, angular to sublinear pseudo- (TLC, solvent system C) were used for the detection cyphellae, palisade plectenchymatous upper of lichen substances (Culberson & Kristinsson 1970; Culberson 1972).
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China
    Mycosphere 8(7): 878–885 (2017) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/7/4 Copyright © Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China Chen YY, Wu F* Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Chen YY, Wu F 2017 –A new species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota, Polypores) from China. Mycosphere 8(7), 878–885, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/8/7/4 Abstract A new species, Antrodia monomitica sp. nov., is described and illustrated from China based on morphological characters and molecular evidence. It is characterized by producing annual, fragile and nodulose basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled and fusiform to mango-shaped basidiospores (6–7.5 × 2.3– 3 µm), and causing a typical brown rot. In phylogenetic analysis inferred from ITS and nLSU rDNA sequences, the new species forms a distinct lineage in the Antrodia s. l., and has a close relationship with A. oleracea. Key words – Fomitopsidaceae – phylogenetic analysis – taxonomy – wood-decaying fungi Introduction Antrodia P. Karst., typified with Polyporus serpens Fr. (=Antrodia albida (Fr.) Donk (Donk 1960, Ryvarden 1991), is characterized by a resupinate to effused-reflexed growth habit, white or pale colour of the context, a dimitic hyphal system with clamp connections on generative hyphae, hyaline, thin-walled, cylindrical to very narrow ellipsoid basidiospores which are negative in Melzer’s reagent and Cotton Blue, and causing a brown rot (Ryvarden & Melo 2014). Antrodia is a highly heterogeneous genus which is closely related to Fomitopsis P.
    [Show full text]
  • A Phylogenetic Overview of the Antrodia Clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)
    Mycologia, 105(6), 2013, pp. 1391–1411. DOI: 10.3852/13-051 # 2013 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 A phylogenetic overview of the antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) Beatriz Ortiz-Santana1 phylogenetic studies also have recognized the genera Daniel L. Lindner Amylocystis, Dacryobolus, Melanoporia, Pycnoporellus, US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Sarcoporia and Wolfiporia as part of the antrodia clade Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, (SY Kim and Jung 2000, 2001; Binder and Hibbett Madison, Wisconsin 53726 2002; Hibbett and Binder 2002; SY Kim et al. 2003; Otto Miettinen Binder et al. 2005), while the genera Antrodia, Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, PO Box 7, Daedalea, Fomitopsis, Laetiporus and Sparassis have 00014, Helsinki, Finland received attention in regard to species delimitation (SY Kim et al. 2001, 2003; KM Kim et al. 2005, 2007; Alfredo Justo Desjardin et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2004; Wu et al. 2004; David S. Hibbett Dai et al. 2006; Blanco-Dios et al. 2006; Chiu 2007; Clark University, Biology Department, 950 Main Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01610 Lindner and Banik 2008; Yu et al. 2010; Banik et al. 2010, 2012; Garcia-Sandoval et al. 2011; Lindner et al. 2011; Rajchenberg et al. 2011; Zhou and Wei 2012; Abstract: Phylogenetic relationships among mem- Bernicchia et al. 2012; Spirin et al. 2012, 2013). These bers of the antrodia clade were investigated with studies also established that some of the genera are molecular data from two nuclear ribosomal DNA not monophyletic and several modifications have regions, LSU and ITS. A total of 123 species been proposed: the segregation of Antrodia s.l.
    [Show full text]
  • Pt Reyes Species As of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus Biennis Agaricus
    Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Abortiporus biennis Agaricus augustus Agaricus bernardii Agaricus californicus Agaricus campestris Agaricus cupreobrunneus Agaricus diminutivus Agaricus hondensis Agaricus lilaceps Agaricus praeclaresquamosus Agaricus rutilescens Agaricus silvicola Agaricus subrutilescens Agaricus xanthodermus Agrocybe pediades Agrocybe praecox Alboleptonia sericella Aleuria aurantia Alnicola sp. Amanita aprica Amanita augusta Amanita breckonii Amanita calyptratoides Amanita constricta Amanita gemmata Amanita gemmata var. exannulata Amanita calyptraderma Amanita calyptraderma (white form) Amanita magniverrucata Amanita muscaria Amanita novinupta Amanita ocreata Amanita pachycolea Amanita pantherina Amanita phalloides Amanita porphyria Amanita protecta Amanita velosa Amanita smithiana Amaurodon sp. nova Amphinema byssoides gr. Annulohypoxylon thouarsianum Anthrocobia melaloma Antrodia heteromorpha Aphanobasidium pseudotsugae Armillaria gallica Armillaria mellea Armillaria nabsnona Arrhenia epichysium Pt Reyes Species as of 12-1-2017 Arrhenia retiruga Ascobolus sp. Ascocoryne sarcoides Astraeus hygrometricus Auricularia auricula Auriscalpium vulgare Baeospora myosura Balsamia cf. magnata Bisporella citrina Bjerkandera adusta Boidinia propinqua Bolbitius vitellinus Suillellus (Boletus) amygdalinus Rubroboleus (Boletus) eastwoodiae Boletus edulis Boletus fibrillosus Botryobasidium longisporum Botryobasidium sp. Botryobasidium vagum Bovista dermoxantha Bovista pila Bovista plumbea Bulgaria inquinans Byssocorticium californicum
    [Show full text]
  • Fruiting Body Form, Not Nutritional Mode, Is the Major Driver of Diversification in Mushroom-Forming Fungi
    Fruiting body form, not nutritional mode, is the major driver of diversification in mushroom-forming fungi Marisol Sánchez-Garcíaa,b, Martin Rybergc, Faheema Kalsoom Khanc, Torda Vargad, László G. Nagyd, and David S. Hibbetta,1 aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610; bUppsala Biocentre, Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75005 Uppsala, Sweden; cDepartment of Organismal Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden; and dSynthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, 6726 Szeged, Hungary Edited by David M. Hillis, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, and approved October 16, 2020 (received for review December 22, 2019) With ∼36,000 described species, Agaricomycetes are among the and the evolution of enclosed spore-bearing structures. It has most successful groups of Fungi. Agaricomycetes display great di- been hypothesized that the loss of ballistospory is irreversible versity in fruiting body forms and nutritional modes. Most have because it involves a complex suite of anatomical features gen- pileate-stipitate fruiting bodies (with a cap and stalk), but the erating a “surface tension catapult” (8, 11). The effect of gas- group also contains crust-like resupinate fungi, polypores, coral teroid fruiting body forms on diversification rates has been fungi, and gasteroid forms (e.g., puffballs and stinkhorns). Some assessed in Sclerodermatineae, Boletales, Phallomycetidae, and Agaricomycetes enter into ectomycorrhizal symbioses with plants, Lycoperdaceae, where it was found that lineages with this type of while others are decayers (saprotrophs) or pathogens. We constructed morphology have diversified at higher rates than nongasteroid a megaphylogeny of 8,400 species and used it to test the following lineages (12).
    [Show full text]
  • 1307 Fungi Representing 1139 Infrageneric Taxa, 317 Genera and 66 Families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska A, , Frank Kauff B,1, Filip Högnabba C, Jeffrey C
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 132–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska a, , Frank Kauff b,1, Filip Högnabba c, Jeffrey C. Oliver d,2, Katalin Molnár a,3, Emily Fraker a,4, Ester Gaya a,5, Josef Hafellner e, Valérie Hofstetter a,6, Cécile Gueidan a,7, Mónica A.G. Otálora a,8, Brendan Hodkinson a,9, Martin Kukwa f, Robert Lücking g, Curtis Björk h, Harrie J.M. Sipman i, Ana Rosa Burgaz j, Arne Thell k, Alfredo Passo l, Leena Myllys c, Trevor Goward h, Samantha Fernández-Brime m, Geir Hestmark n, James Lendemer o, H. Thorsten Lumbsch g, Michaela Schmull p, Conrad L. Schoch q, Emmanuël Sérusiaux r, David R. Maddison s, A. Elizabeth Arnold t, François Lutzoni a,10, Soili Stenroos c,10 a Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA b FB Biologie, Molecular Phylogenetics, 13/276, TU Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany c Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland d Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 358 ESC, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA e Institut für Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria f Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdan´sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdan´sk, Poland g Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Kaleigh Spickerman for the degree of Master of Science in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on June 11, 2015 Title: Lichen Functional Trait Variation Along an East-West Climatic Gradient in Oregon and Among Habitats in Katmai National Park, Alaska Abstract approved: ______________________________________________________ Bruce McCune Functional traits of vascular plants have been an important component of ecological studies for a number of years; however, in more recent times vascular plant ecologists have begun to formalize a set of key traits and universal system of trait measurement. Many recent studies hypothesize global generality of trait patterns, which would allow for comparison among ecosystems and biomes and provide a foundation for general rules and theories, the so-called “Holy Grail” of ecology. However, the majority of these studies focus on functional trait patterns of vascular plants, with a minority examining the patterns of cryptograms such as lichens. Lichens are an important component of many ecosystems due to their contributions to biodiversity and their key ecosystem services, such as contributions to mineral and hydrological cycles and ecosystem food webs. Lichens are also of special interest because of their reliance on atmospheric deposition for nutrients and water, which makes them particularly sensitive to air pollution. Therefore, they are often used as bioindicators of air pollution, climate change, and general ecosystem health. This thesis examines the functional trait patterns of lichens in two contrasting regions with fundamentally different kinds of data. To better understand the patterns of lichen functional traits, we examined reproductive, morphological, and chemical trait variation along precipitation and temperature gradients in Oregon.
    [Show full text]