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18CIV59 Notes Study Material: Environmental Studies {18CIV59} Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 For further materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJdH2Kc0IjqW2eluEPpp3w (CV - Official YouTube Channel) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......……. Study Materials Environmental Studies 18CIV59 As per VTU syllabus CBCS – OBE 2018 Scheme Study Material Compiled by Dr Rajesh Gopinath Key Liaison – OIKOS (Eco-Club) Associate Professor and HoD Department of Civil Engineering BMS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Affiliated to the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi) Avalahalli, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, INDIA [email protected] / [email protected] https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJdH2Kc0IjqW2eluEPpp3w (CV - Official YouTube Channel) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 1 Study Material Compiled by: Dr Rajesh Gopinath, Associate Professor, (CV-BMSIT&M) Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 [email protected]/[email protected] For additional materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb84HFNJ--PtRWHjytuUJ0Q (OIKOS - Official YouTube Channel) Study Material: Environmental Studies {18CIV59} Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 For further materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJdH2Kc0IjqW2eluEPpp3w (CV - Official YouTube Channel) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......……. Vision Statement: To be an Exemplary Centre, disseminating quality education and developing technically competent civil engineers with professional integrity for the betterment of society Mission Statements 1. Impart technical proficiency through quality education. 2. Motivate entrepreneurship through enhanced industry -interaction and skill based training. 3. Inculcate human resource values through outreach activities. 4. Program Educational Objectives (PEOs) 1. Lead a successful career by analyzing, designing and solving various problems in the field of Civil Engineering. 2. Execute projects through team building, communication and professionalism 3. Excel through higher education and research for endured learning. 4. Provide effective solution for sustainable environmental development. Program Specific Outcomes (PSO) 1. Identify & address the challenges in transportation, sanitation, waste management, and urban flooding in metropolitan cities. 2. Provide solutions related to Civil Engineering built-environment through multidisciplinary approach. DISCLAIMER All the images/figures/content included herewith is incepted from online resources, with due gratitude. Thi s presentation is merely a conceptual compilation, with several edited intellectual inputs from varying relevant databases. The Author or Institute claims no proprietary rights on this material, except for outcomes from the originally published and research contributions of the author. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 2 Study Material Compiled by: Dr Rajesh Gopinath, Associate Professor, (CV-BMSIT&M) Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 [email protected]/[email protected] For additional materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb84HFNJ--PtRWHjytuUJ0Q (OIKOS - Official YouTube Channel) Study Material: Environmental Studies {18CIV59} Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 For further materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJdH2Kc0IjqW2eluEPpp3w (CV - Official YouTube Channel) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......……. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 3 Study Material Compiled by: Dr Rajesh Gopinath, Associate Professor, (CV-BMSIT&M) Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 [email protected]/[email protected] For additional materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb84HFNJ--PtRWHjytuUJ0Q (OIKOS - Official YouTube Channel) Study Material: Environmental Studies {18CIV59} Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 For further materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJdH2Kc0IjqW2eluEPpp3w (CV - Official YouTube Channel) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......……. Preamble "Environmental science" is the study of the interactions among the physical, chemical and biological components of the environment [French word – environ]; with a focus on pollution and degradation of the environment related to human activities; and the impact on biodiversity and sustainability from local and global development. It is inherently an interdisciplinary field that draws upon not only its core scientific areas, but also applies knowledge from other non-scientific studies such as economics, law and social sciences. Environmental science encompasses issues such as climate change, conservation, biodiversity, groundwater and soil contamination, use of natural resources, waste management, sustainable development, air pollution and noise pollution. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 4 Study Material Compiled by: Dr Rajesh Gopinath, Associate Professor, (CV-BMSIT&M) Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 [email protected]/[email protected] For additional materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb84HFNJ--PtRWHjytuUJ0Q (OIKOS - Official YouTube Channel) Study Material: Environmental Studies {18CIV59} Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 For further materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJdH2Kc0IjqW2eluEPpp3w (CV - Official YouTube Channel) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......……. MODULE 1 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 5 Study Material Compiled by: Dr Rajesh Gopinath, Associate Professor, (CV-BMSIT&M) Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 [email protected]/[email protected] For additional materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb84HFNJ--PtRWHjytuUJ0Q (OIKOS - Official YouTube Channel) Study Material: Environmental Studies {18CIV59} Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 For further materials: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeJdH2Kc0IjqW2eluEPpp3w (CV - Official YouTube Channel) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….......……. INTRODUCTION The four major components of environment are Atmosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere and Biosphere. BIOSPHERE The outer layer of the planet Earth can be divided into several compartments: the hydrosphere (or sphere of water), the lithosphere (or sphere of soils and rocks), and the atmosphere (or sphere of the air). The biosphere (or sphere of life), sometimes described as "the fourth envelope", is all living matter on the planet or that portion of the planet occupied by life. The biosphere is the part of the earth, including air, land, surface rocks, and water, within which life occurs, and which biotic processes in turn alter or transform. Biosphere, a thin shell of organic matter on surface of earth comprising of all living things; is a subsystem responsible for recycling and occupies least volume of all 3 spheres. In hydrosphere oceans take responsibility of sinks while rivers play the role of conveyors. Atmosphere has the least storage capacity for matter while it supports transportation the most. Atmosphere in conjunction with hydrosphere form effective transporters of matter. HYDROSPHERE The Earth's hydrosphere consists of water in all forms: the ocean (which is the bulk of the hydrosphere), other surface waters including inland seas, lakes, and rivers; rain; underground water; ice (as in glaciers and snow); and atmospheric water vapor (as in clouds). The average depth of the oceans is 3,794 m (12,447 ft), more than five times the average height of the continents. The abundance of water on Earth is a unique feature that distinguishes our "Blue Planet" from others in the solar system. Approximately 70.8 percent (97% of it being sea water and 3% fresh water) of the Earth is covered by water and only 29.2 percent is landmass. The water cycle describes the methods of transport for water in the hydrosphere. This cycle includes water beneath the Earth's surface and in rocks (lithosphere), the water in plants and animals (biosphere), the water covering the surface of the planet in liquid and solid forms, and the water in the atmosphere in the form of water vapor, clouds, and precipitation. The water in the oceans moves as it is of different temperature and salinity on different locations. Surface waters are also moved by winds, giving rise to surface ocean currents. Warm water is lighter or less dense than cold water which is more dense or heavier and salty water is also denser than fresh water. The combination of the water's temperature and salinity determines whether it rises to the surface, sinks to the bottom, or stays at some intermediate depth. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........ 6 Study Material Compiled by: Dr Rajesh Gopinath, Associate Professor, (CV-BMSIT&M) Department of Civil Engineering, BMS Institute of Technology and Management, Bengaluru 560064 [email protected]/[email protected] For additional
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