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Natural Model-Based Design in Context for Modeling Application Domain and Generating a Simulation Tool: Application for Environmental Problems

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Natural Model-Based Design in Context for Modeling Application Domain and Generating a Simulation Tool: Application for Environmental Problems Natural Model-based Design in Context for modeling application domain and generating a simulation tool: application for environmental problems Eric D. Kameni Copyright c 2018 Eric D. Kameni, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. ISBN: 978-94-028-1214-5 Typeset by the author with LATEX 2" Documentation System. Cover design: Promotie In-Zicht, Arnhem Printed and Lay Out by: Ipskamp Printing, Nijmegen This study benefited from financial, institutional and scientific support from: The Radboud University, Faculty of Science, Ni- jmegen. The research collaboration has been con- nected to the Institute for Computing and Infor- mation Sciences (iCIS) and Institute for Science, Innovation and Society (ISIS) departments, that focus on ICT and natural resources, respectively. The ESPRIT project. Carried out from 2009 to 2012, the ESPRIT project was an initiative of five university centers for sustainable environment led by University of Groningen in the Netherlands and funded by the EDULINK European Union pro- gramme for higher education. The University of Yaounde I. The collaboration has been connected to Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Com- plexes (UMMISCO), a joint research unit with IRD, France, and LIRIMA (Laboratoire International de Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées), an international laboratory between African Universities and INRIA, France. Natural Model-based Design in Context for modeling application domains and generating a simulation tool: application for environmental problems Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 5 november 2018 om 12:30 uur precies door Eric Désiré Kameni Promotores: Prof. dr. ir. Th.P. van der Weide Prof. dr. W.T. de Groot Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. H.A.E. Zwart dr. S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers Prof. dr. M.L. Fouda Ndjodo, Université de Yaoundé I, Kameroen Natural Model-based Design in Context for modeling application domains and generating a simulation tool: application for environmental problems Doctoral thesis to obtain the degree of doctor from Radboud University Nijmegen on the authority of the Rector Magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, according to the decision of the Council of Deans to be defended in public on Monday, November 5, 2018 at 12.30 hours by Eric Désiré Kameni Supervisors: Prof. dr. ir. Th.P. van der Weide Prof. dr. W.T. de Groot Doctoral Thesis Committee: Prof. dr. H.A.E. Zwart dr. S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers Prof. dr. M.L. Fouda Ndjodo, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon DEDICATIONS To my wife Mrs. Kameni born SIMO Irene Nelline. To my mother Choya Therese. In memory of my Father Ngankam Augustin and my elder brother Petegowe Mathias. i ii Acknowledgments At the end of the writing of this research, I am convinced that the thesis is far from being a solitary work. Indeed, I would never have been able to carry out this thesis work without the support of a large number of people whose generosity, good humor and interest in my research have enabled me to make progress in this delicate stage of the apprentice’s researcher, without however mentioning the very significant and lasting friendships that resulted. First of all, I want to thank GOD for health, strength, wisdom and courage throughout this work. My special appreciation and thanks, go to my first promotor prof.em. dr. ir. Th.P. van der Weide for the confidence he has placed in me by accepting to direct this thesis work, for his multiple advice and for all the hours he has devoted to direct this research. I would also like to tell him how much I appreciated his availability and his unfailing respect for the tight deadlines for proofreading the documents I sent him. I am very grateful for all the times I spent with him in Nijmegen, sometimes poring over my thesis to the very last sentence and idea, and making sure the quality of my arguments are as they turned out to be. Finally, I was extremely sensitive to his human qualities of listening and understanding throughout this thesis work. Also to my second promotor Prof.em dr. W.T. de Groot, I say thank you for everything. I remember when you came to Cameroon and you agreed to be the director of this thesis while giving me the urge to carry out a thesis on the development of tools and models that will allow understanding the action of the actors on the environment. Thank you for trusting me in spite of my rather light knowledge of environmental management and then for guiding, encouraging and advising me. Even in times when we clearly disagreed on matters, I really admired your patience and the maturity with which you stressed your points and made conversations much more lively. I am very happy to have had you do what you did and to you also, I say, I can not thank you enough. I express my sincere appreciation to Prof. dr. M. Tchuenté, to whom I owe the essential part of my training, who supported me with his advice and encouragement. In spite of his many occupations, he spared no effort to supervise this work with the kindness that characterizes him and the atmosphere that he always knew to maintain around him. Each meeting with him was an opportunity to benefit from its rich experience as a confirmed researcher. My appreciation also goes to distinguished members of my reading committee prof. dr. H.A.E. Zwart, prof. dr. M.L. Fouda Ndjodo, dr. S.J.B.A. Hoppenbrouwers for accepting to be members. I also want to thank you all for your brilliant comments and suggestions that have allowed my defense to be a pleasant moment. iii iv All my sincere gratitude to Prof. dr. M. Fouda Ndjodo my head of the department for his help, multiple advice, and encouragement, To my laboratory colleagues of Unité de Modélisation Mathématique et Informatique des Systèmes Complexes (UMMISCO), a joint research unit with IRD, France, and LIRIMA (Laboratoire International de Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées), an international laboratory between African Universities and INRIA, France. Particularly to Dr Fotsing, Dr Melatagia, Domga, Dr Illoga whose multiple advice and encouragement have had no equal. To all my colleagues in the IT department of Higher Teacher Training College, Dr. PRISO, Dr. NKWENTI, Dr. NGNOULAYE, Dr. ZOBO, M. KABO, M. EBODE. My deepest gratitude goes to my friends for the moral and even material support they gave me during the difficult empty passages I experienced during the realization of this work. Le Bris, Pambe, Ngangoum, Jou, Yonga, Bogne, Joe, Alain, Arnaud, Bertrand you have been especially kind during all these moments. To all my brothers and sisters Michel, Marie, Nelly, Edith, Hypolite, Therese, Joseph, Alphonse, Diane, Sylvano. To my mother, Mrs. TCHOYA Therese, thanks to you for all your advice and care, I realized that to succeed we need more than financial support. You are my source of inspiration, this is the fruit of your work. It will be difficult for me to express sufficiently my gratitude to my wife Irene and the children we have had during this work. They were in my side during the most difficult moments and persevered during my travels abroad and in the far north village of Cameroon, find in this work the fruit of your sacrifices and of your patience. Finally, I think of all the other members of my family who have always encouraged me, especially Mr. Kamda, Mr. Yamzi, Mr. and Mrs. Wabo, Mr. Noubibou. Contents Dedication i Acknowledgments iv List of Figures vii List of Tables x Acronyms xi 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Environmental problem overview . .1 1.2 Modeling and simulation as decision support for environmental problems .2 1.3 Difficulties related to modeling and simulation . .3 1.4 Problem statement . .4 1.5 Objective and Contribution . .5 1.6 Methodology . .6 1.7 Layout of the Thesis . 10 1.8 Publications . 10 2 Environmental problems modeling and key concepts 13 2.1 Problematic of Land-Use change . 13 2.1.1 Key concepts . 16 2.1.2 Approaches to Analyzing Land-Use Change . 19 2.2 Basic tools for analysis Land - Use changes . 20 2.2.1 DPSIR . 20 2.2.2 PiC . 21 2.2.3 AiC . 22 2.3 Environmental modeling overview . 24 2.3.1 Empirical models . 24 2.3.2 Mathematical models . 25 2.3.3 Dynamic simulation models . 26 2.3.4 Agents-Based Models and cellular automaton . 27 2.4 Conclusion . 27 3 Analysis of the problem of Laf 29 3.1 Presentation of the study area . 29 3.1.1 The Laf village . 30 3.2 Problem analysis of the Laf Forest Reserve . 33 3.3 The analysis of the problem of the Laf Forest Reserve . 34 3.4 The social explanation of the problem of Laf Forest Reserve . 36 3.5 Conclusion . 38 v vi CONTENTS 4 Model-based development 39 4.1 The used models . 39 4.1.1 The meta-metamodel . 39 4.1.2 The metamodel . 42 4.1.3 The need for an AiC meta-model . 43 4.2 The AiC metamodel . 43 4.2.1 Managerial actor levels . 45 4.2.2 AiC agent based architecture . 47 4.3 Design of the MLABM Domain Specific Langage . 50 4.3.1 The abstract syntax . 51 4.4 Conclusion . 53 5 Implementation of the resulting Tool-in-Context 55 5.1 Objective of implementation . 55 5.2 Transforming the abstract syntax into concrete syntax .
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