DOCSLIB.ORG

Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

0 UO100 .U556 V25-18;1981 C.1 NBS-PUB-C 19 ^ ^ NBS MONOGRAPH 2b-SECTI0N 1 Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns 100 .U555 NO. 18 Sect. 18 1981 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act ot Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen and advance the Nation's science and technology and facilitate their effective application for public benefit. To this end, the Bureau conducts research and provides: (1) a basis for the Nation's physical measurement system, (2) scientific and technological services for industry and government, (3) a technical basis for equity in trade, and (4) technical services to promote public safety. The Bureau's technical work is per- formed by the National Measurement Laboratory, the National Engineering Laboratory, and the Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology. THE NATIONAL MEASUREMENT LABORATORY provides the national system of physical and chemical and materials measurement; coordinates the system with measurement systems of other nations and furnishes essential services leading to accurate and uniform physical and chemical measurement throughout the Nation's scientific community, industry, and commerce; conducts materials research leading to improved methods of measurement, standards, and data on the properties of materials needed by industry, commerce, educational institutions, and Government; provides advisory and research services to other Government agencies; develops, produces, and distributes Standard Reference Materials; and provides calibration services. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: Absolute Physical Quantities^ — Radiation Research — Thermodynamics and Molecular Science — Analytical Chemistry — Materials Science. THE NATIONAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY provides technology and technical ser- vices to the public and private sectors to address national needs and to solve national problems; conducts research in engineering and applied science in support of these efforts; builds and maintains competence in the necessary disciplines required to carry out this research and technical service; develops engineering data and measurement capabilities; provides engineering measurement traceability services; develops test methods and proposes engineering standards and code changes; develops and proposes new engineering practices; and develops and improves mechanisms to transfer results of its research to the ultimate user. The Laboratory consists of the following centers: Applied Mathematics — Electronics and Electrical Engineering^ — Mechanical Engineering and Process Technology^ — Building Technology — Fire Research — Consumer Product Technology — Field Methods. THE INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY conducts research and provides scientific and technical services to aid Federal agencies in the selection, acquisition, application, and use of computer technology to improve effectiveness and economy in Government operations in accordance with Public Law 89-306 (40 U.S.C. 759), relevant Executive Orders, and other directives; carries out this mission by managing the Federal Information Processing Standards Program, developing Federal ADP standards guidelines, and managing Federal participation in ADP voluntary standardization activities; provides scientific and technological advisory services and assistance to Federal agencies; and provides the technical foundation for computer-related policies of the Federal Government. The Institute consists of the following centers: Programming Science and Technology — Computer Systems Engineering. 'Headquarters and Laboratories at Gaithersburg, MD, unless otherwise noted; mailing address Washington, DC 20234. 'Some divisions within the center are located at Boulder, CO 80303. I BTTKE#BTTKEAU . ^ JJATIONAL |\J O^OnOC^Oup^i.—. Of STANDARSTANDARU8 UBBABT OCT 2 z 1981 Standard X-ray Diffraction Qt (oo Powder Patterns Section 18 — Data for 58 Substances Marlene C. Morris, Howard F. McMurdie, Eloise H. Evans, Boris Paretzkin, Harry S. Parker, and Nicolas C. Panagiotopoulos International Centre for Diffraction Data Camden R. Hubbard National Measurement Laboratory National Bureau of Standards Washington, DC 20234 jCPDb. International Centre for Diffraction Data U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director Issued October 1981 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 53-61386 National Bureau of Standards Monograph 25 Section 18—Data for 58 Substances Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 25—Sec. 18, 110 pages (Oct. 1981) CODEN: NBSMA6 , , CONTENTS Page Page Introduction 1 Nickel titanium oxide, NiTiOs 54 Potassium fluoride hydrate, KF-2H20 ... 55 Experimental patterns: Potassium iron cyanide, K4Fe(CN)6 .... 56 Potassium vanadium oxide, KVO3 57 Aliuninum iron, AlFe 5 Silicon nitride, p-Si3N4 59 Anmoniiun cerium nitrate, Silicon oxide (quartz, low), a-Si02 ... 61 (NH4)2Ce(N03)6 6 Sodium aluminum oxide, p-NaA102 62 Ammonium tin fluoride, NH4SnF3 8 Sodium borate, NaB02 63 Arsenic bromide, AsBrs 9 Sodium niobium oxide (lueshite), Barium aluminum titanium oxide, NaNbOs 64 Bai ,23^12 .46^15 .54O16 10 Sodium nitrosyl iron cyanide hydrate, Barium manganese oxide, BaMn04 11 Na2(N0)Fe(CN)5-2H20 66 Barium neodymium titanium oxide, Sodium vanadium oxide, Of-NaVOs 67 BaNdaTigOio 12 Sodium vanadium oxide, p-NaVOs 68 Benzidine hydrochloride, Strontium iron oxide, SrFei20i9 69 Ci2Hi2N2-2HCl 14 Thorium carbide, ThC 71 Beryllium nitride, Be3N2 15 Thorium nitrate hydrate, Bismuth selenide (paraguanajuatite) Th(N03)4-5H20 72 Bi2Se3 16 Titanium carbide, TiC 73 Calcium borate, CaB204 17 Tungsten oxide, WO2 74 Calcium cyanamide, CaCN2 19 Uranium nitride , UN 75 Calcium iron oxide, CaFe204 20 Uranyl acetate hydrate, C4H60eU-2H20 . 76 Calcium sulfate hydrate (bassanite), Yttrium, Y 77 CaS04-0.5H20 22 Zinc acetate hydrate, C4H604Zn-2H20 ... 78 Carbamazepine, p-CisH^gNaO 24 Zirconium fluoride, ZrF4 79 Cerium niobium oxide Zirconium oxide chloride hydrate, CeNb04 25 • Zr0Cl2'8H20 81 Cerium tantalum oxide, CeTa04 27 Cesium magnesium titanium oxide, CSi.45Mgo.724Ti7.270i6 29 Cumulative indices Chromium boride, Cr5B3 30 Cobalt fluoride, CoFg 31 (Circular 539, Volumes 1-10 and Cobalt phosphide, CogP 32 Monograph 25, Sections 1-18 inclusive) Copper chloride hydrate (eriochalcite) CuCl2-2H20 33 1. Inorganic 82 Iodoform, CHI3 34 2. Organic formula 99 Iron boride, FeB 35 3. Organic name 101 Iron fluoride, FeFs 36 4. Mineral 103 Iron oxide (hematite) , a-Fe203 37 Iron yttrium oxide, Fe5Y30i2 38 Lithium iodide hydrate, Lil -31120 .... 40 Magnesium phosphate, a-Mg2P207 41 Manganese, p-Mn 43 Molybdenum oxide, M0O2 44 Neodymium tantalum oxide NdTa04 .... 46 , Neodymium titanium oxide, Nd2Ti05 .... 48 Neodymium titanium oxide, Nd2Ti207 ... 50 Neodymium titanium oxide, Nd4Ti9024 ... 52 iii STANDARD X-RAY DIFFRACTION POWDER PATTERNS Previous work has been published as a book entitled Powder Diffraction Data from the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards Associateship at the National Bureau of Standards (1976) (JCPDS — Inter- national Centre for Diffraction Data, 1601 Park Lane, Swarthmore, PA 19081). The volume is sold with an accompnaying search manual, and contains 949 card images of patterns of experimental data, published orig- inally as Circular 539 (vols. 1-10) and Monograph 25, Sections 1-12, and most of Section 13. Individual copies of the Circular and Monograph are still available and may be obtained from the National Technical Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. If a publication listed below is identified with a number, it must be used in ordering. All are available in hardcopy or microfiche; the price is not fixed and will be furnished on request. NBS Publication Number NBS Publication Number Circular 539, Volume 1 PB 178 902 Monograph 25, Section 1 PB 178 429 Volume 2 PB 178 903 Section 2 PB 178 430 Volume 3 PB 178 904 Section 3 PB 178 431 Volume 4 PB 178 905 Section 4 Volume 5 PB 178 906 Section 5 Volume 6 PB 178 907 Section 6 Volume 7 PB 178 908 Section 7 Volume 8 PB 178 909 Section 8 PB 194 872 Volume 9 PB 178 910 Section 9 COM 72-50002 Volume 10 PB 178 911 Section 10 COM 72-51079 Section 11 COM 74-50183 Section 12 COM 75-50162 Section 13 PB 254 073 Section 14 PB 272 372 Section 15 PB 287 182 Also, until the present supply is exhausted, the following issues are for sale from the Superinten- dent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Order by given catalog number, and add 25% to the price for other than U.S. mailing. Catalog Number Price Section 12 SN 003-003-01376-5 $1.50 Section 13 SN 003-003-01629-2 1.80 Section 14 SN 003-003-01842-2 2.75 Section 15 SN 003-003-01986-1 4.00 Section 16.... SN 003-003-02128-8 5.00 Section 17 No Catalog Number Issued 4.50 ERRATA Monograph 25 Section 9, pp. 73,74: Much of the data is incorrect. See a corrected pattern in this issue. Section 15, P- 136 The correct year should be 1970 for the reference to Fletcher et al. Section 17, P- 41 The color should be light grayish yellowish brown. P- 62 Under "Structure," the date should be 1967 for reference to Katz and Megaw. J. Crystallogr , add 89. P- 64 Under "References," after Appl. 2, P- 70 Under "Synonym," at line 1, delete hydrate. P- 70 Under "Lattice constants," the value for c should be 5.567. pp. 103,104: The text is out of order. Page 104 should precede page 103. iv ^ . STANDARD X-RAY DIFFRACTION POWDER PATTERNS Section 18 Data for 58 Substances by Marlene C. Morris, Howard F.
Recommended publications
  • Lts Research Laboratories, Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Bismuth Telluride Selenide ------General ------Manufactuer/Supplier: Lts Research Laboratories, Inc

    Lts Research Laboratories, Inc. Material Safety Data Sheet Bismuth Telluride Selenide ------General ------Manufactuer/Supplier: Lts Research Laboratories, Inc

    LTS RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC. MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET BISMUTH TELLURIDE SELENIDE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- GENERAL -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- MANUFACTUER/SUPPLIER: LTS RESEARCH LABORATORIES, INC. COMPANY'S STREET: 37 RAMLAND ROAD COMPANY'S CITY: ORANGEBURG COMPANY'S STATE: NEW YORK COMPANY'S ZIP CODE: 10962 EMERGENCY CHEMTREC #: 800-262-8200 COMPANY'S EMERGENCY TEL. #: 800-424-9300 (LOCAL) 703-527-3887 (INTERNATIONAL) COMPANY'S TEL #: 845-494-2940 DATE MSDS PREPARED: 02/03/05 DATE MSDS REVISED: 10/6/2010 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRODUCT NAME: BISMUTH TELLURIDE-SELENIDE FORMULA: Bi2Te2Se3 CAS #: 1304-82-1/12068-69-8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- BOILING POINT 760 mm Hg: N/A MELTING POINT: N/A SPECIFIC GRAVITY N/A VAPOR PRESSURE: N/A % VOLATILES:
  • Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library

    Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library

    Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Library Library Listing – 10,505 spectra This library is the original FT-IR spectral collection from Aldrich. It includes a wide variety of pure chemical compounds found in the Aldrich Handbook of Fine Chemicals. The Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition I library contains spectra of 10,505 pure compounds and is a subset of the Aldrich Collection of FT-IR Spectra Edition II library. All spectra were acquired by Sigma-Aldrich Co. and were processed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. Eight smaller Aldrich Material Specific Sub-Libraries are also available. Aldrich FT-IR Collection Edition I Index Compound Name Index Compound Name 3515 ((1R)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(+)-3- 928 (+)-LIMONENE OXIDE, 97%, BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC MIXTURE OF CIS AND TRANS ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 209 (+)-LONGIFOLENE, 98+% 1708 ((1R)-ENDO)-(+)-3- 2283 (+)-MURAMIC ACID HYDRATE, BROMOCAMPHOR, 98% 98% 3516 ((1S)-(ENDO,ANTI))-(-)-3- 2966 (+)-N,N'- BROMOCAMPHOR-8- SULFONIC DIALLYLTARTARDIAMIDE, 99+% ACID, AMMONIUM SALT 2976 (+)-N-ACETYLMURAMIC ACID, 644 ((1S)-ENDO)-(-)-BORNEOL, 99% 97% 9587 (+)-11ALPHA-HYDROXY-17ALPHA- 965 (+)-NOE-LACTOL DIMER, 99+% METHYLTESTOSTERONE 5127 (+)-P-BROMOTETRAMISOLE 9590 (+)-11ALPHA- OXALATE, 99% HYDROXYPROGESTERONE, 95% 661 (+)-P-MENTH-1-EN-9-OL, 97%, 9588 (+)-17-METHYLTESTOSTERONE, MIXTURE OF ISOMERS 99% 730 (+)-PERSEITOL 8681 (+)-2'-DEOXYURIDINE, 99+% 7913 (+)-PILOCARPINE 7591 (+)-2,3-O-ISOPROPYLIDENE-2,3- HYDROCHLORIDE, 99% DIHYDROXY- 1,4- 5844 (+)-RUTIN HYDRATE, 95% BIS(DIPHENYLPHOSPHINO)BUT 9571 (+)-STIGMASTANOL
  • Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns

    Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns

    NBS MONOGRAPH 25 — SECTION 1 Standard X-ray Diffraction U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Functions and Activities The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scien- tific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover. Publications The results of the Bureau's research are published either in the Bureau's own series of publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau itself publishes three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research, published in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and Basic Radio Propagation Predictions provides data for determining the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world.
  • Monday Morning, October 19, 2015

    Monday Morning, October 19, 2015

    Monday Morning, October 19, 2015 Energy Frontiers Focus Topic Willow glass is a new material introduced recently to the market, while nickel is a inexpensive flexible reflective foil. The Corning Willow glass is Room: 211B - Session EN+AS+EM+NS+SE+SS+TF- coated with a molybdenum layer as a reflective back contact layer. By using MoM a single step and a solution deposition method, lower production cost are achievable. For thin film deposition, we used a non-vacuum spin coater (WS650 spin processor, Laurell Technologies) with an optimized spin coat Solar Cells I programming. Annealing took place under vacuum in a RTP furnace while Moderator: Jason Baxter, Drexel University, Chintalapalle time, temperature and ramp functions were varied. The other layers of the Ramana, University of Texas at El Paso device consists of cadmium sulfide n-type window layer and a zinc oxide doped with aluminum transparent top contact layer. Characterization and analysis of the thin films were performed using Raman spectroscopy, 8:20am EN+AS+EM+NS+SE+SS+TF-MoM1 Elevated Temperature scanning election microscope (Zeiss NEON 40), X-ray diffraction (Philipps Phase Stability of CZTS-Se Thin Films for Solar Cells, E. Chagarov, K. X’Pert), proflimeter (Veeco Dektak 150), UV-Vis-NIR Spectrophotometer Sardashti, University of California at San Diego, D.B. Mitzi, Duke (Carry 5000), Hall Effect measurement system (HMS3000) and 4 point University, R.A. Haight, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Andrew C. probe (Lucas Labs) measurements. Results show CZTS thin film solar cells Kummel, University of California at San Diego on flexible glass is obtainable.
  • 19660017397.Pdf

    19660017397.Pdf

    .. & METEORITIC RUTILE Peter R. Buseck Departments of Geology and Chemistry Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona Klaus Keil Space Sciences Division National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center Mof fett Field, California r ABSTRACT Rutile has not been widely recognized as a meteoritic constituent. show, Recent microscopic and electron microprobe studies however, that Ti02 . is a reasonably widespread phase, albeit in minor amounts. X-ray diffraction studies confirm the Ti02 to be rutile. It was observed in the following meteorites - Allegan, Bondoc, Estherville, Farmington, and Vaca Muerta, The rutile is associated primarily with ilmenite and chromite, in some cases as exsolution lamellae. Accepted for publication by American Mineralogist . Rutile, as a meteoritic phase, is not widely known. In their sunanary . of meteorite mineralogy neither Mason (1962) nor Ramdohr (1963) report rutile as a mineral occurring in meteorites, although Ramdohr did describe a similar phase from the Faxmington meteorite in his list of "unidentified minerals," He suggested (correctly) that his "mineral D" dght be rutile. He also ob- served it in several mesosiderites. The mineral was recently mentioned to occur in Vaca Huerta (Fleischer, et al., 1965) and in Odessa (El Goresy, 1965). We have found rutile in the meteorites Allegan, Bondoc, Estherville, Farming- ton, and Vaca Muerta; although nowhere an abundant phase, it appears to be rather widespread. Of the several meteorites in which it was observed, rutile is the most abundant in the Farmington L-group chondrite. There it occurs in fine lamellae in ilmenite. The ilmenite is only sparsely distributed within the . meteorite although wherever it does occur it is in moderately large clusters - up to 0.5 mn in diameter - and it then is usually associated with chromite as well as rutile (Buseck, et al., 1965), Optically, the rutile has a faintly bluish tinge when viewed in reflected, plane-polarized light with immersion objectives.
  • Material Safety Data Sheet

    Material Safety Data Sheet

    LTS Research Laboratories, Inc. Safety Data Sheet Calcium Selenide ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1. Product and Company Identification ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Trade Name: Calcium Selenide Chemical Formula: CaSe Recommended Use: Scientific research and development Manufacturer/Supplier: LTS Research Laboratories, Inc. Street: 37 Ramland Road City: Orangeburg State: New York Zip Code: 10962 Country: USA Tel #: 855-587-2436 / 855-lts-chem 24-Hour Emergency Contact: 800-424-9300 (US & Canada) +1-703-527-3887 (International) ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 2. Hazards Identification ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– Signal Word: Danger Hazard Statements: H301+H331: Toxic if swallowed or if inhaled H373: May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure H400: Very toxic to aquatic life H410: Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects Precautionary Statements: P260: Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray P261: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray P264: Wash thoroughly after handling P270: Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product P271: Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area P273: Avoid release to the environment P301+P310: IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician P304+P341: IF INHALED: If breathing is difficult,
  • Washington State Minerals Checklist

    Washington State Minerals Checklist

    Division of Geology and Earth Resources MS 47007; Olympia, WA 98504-7007 Washington State 360-902-1450; 360-902-1785 fax E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/geology Minerals Checklist Note: Mineral names in parentheses are the preferred species names. Compiled by Raymond Lasmanis o Acanthite o Arsenopalladinite o Bustamite o Clinohumite o Enstatite o Harmotome o Actinolite o Arsenopyrite o Bytownite o Clinoptilolite o Epidesmine (Stilbite) o Hastingsite o Adularia o Arsenosulvanite (Plagioclase) o Clinozoisite o Epidote o Hausmannite (Orthoclase) o Arsenpolybasite o Cairngorm (Quartz) o Cobaltite o Epistilbite o Hedenbergite o Aegirine o Astrophyllite o Calamine o Cochromite o Epsomite o Hedleyite o Aenigmatite o Atacamite (Hemimorphite) o Coffinite o Erionite o Hematite o Aeschynite o Atokite o Calaverite o Columbite o Erythrite o Hemimorphite o Agardite-Y o Augite o Calciohilairite (Ferrocolumbite) o Euchroite o Hercynite o Agate (Quartz) o Aurostibite o Calcite, see also o Conichalcite o Euxenite o Hessite o Aguilarite o Austinite Manganocalcite o Connellite o Euxenite-Y o Heulandite o Aktashite o Onyx o Copiapite o o Autunite o Fairchildite Hexahydrite o Alabandite o Caledonite o Copper o o Awaruite o Famatinite Hibschite o Albite o Cancrinite o Copper-zinc o o Axinite group o Fayalite Hillebrandite o Algodonite o Carnelian (Quartz) o Coquandite o o Azurite o Feldspar group Hisingerite o Allanite o Cassiterite o Cordierite o o Barite o Ferberite Hongshiite o Allanite-Ce o Catapleiite o Corrensite o o Bastnäsite
  • Download the Scanned

    Download the Scanned

    American Mineralogist, Volume 59, pages 906-918, 1974 Domainsin Minerals Rosnnr E. NpwNnarvr Materials ResearchLaboratory, The PennsylaaniaState Uniuersity, Uniuersity Park, Pennsyluania16802 Abstract Mimetic twinning in minerals is reviewed in terms of the tensor properties of the orientation states, showing which forces are eftective in moving domain walls. Following the Aizu method, various types of ferroic species are developed frorn the free energy function. Examples of ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, ferroelastic, ferrobielectric, ferrobimagnetic, ferrobielastic, ferro- elastoelectric, ferromagnetoelastic, and ferromagnetoelectric minerals are described. Introduction and ferromagnetoelectric.As explained later, each Twinning is widely used in mineral identification type of domain reorientationarises from a particular and in elucidating the formation conditions of rocks. term in the free energy function. The distribution of transformation twins in rock- A ferroic crystal contains two or more possible forming minerals enables one to establish the orientationstates or domains;under a suitably chosen thermal processes that have occurred in the rock. driving force the domain walls move, switching the Mechanical twinning is studied by petrologists in crystal from one orientation stateto another. Switch- the analysis of flow effects. In rock magnetism, it ing may be accomplishedby mechanicalstress (a), is the arrangement of ferromagnetic domains which electricfield (E), magneticfield (I/), or somecombina- determines remanent magnetization. These are but tion of the three. Ferroelectric, ferroelastic, and a few examples of twin phenomena in minerals. ferromagneticmaterials are well known examplesof In the past twinned crystals have been classified primary ferroic crystals in which the orientation according to twin-laws and morphology, or accord- statesdiffer respectivelyin spontaneouspolarization ing to their mode of origin, or on a structural basis, P,",, spontaneousstrain 6r"r and spontaneous but there is another classification scheme which magnetizatiorrMr"t.
  • Delayed Ettringite Formation

    Delayed Ettringite Formation

    Ettringite Formation and the Performance of Concrete In the mid-1990’s, several cases of premature deterioration of concrete pavements and precast members gained notoriety because of uncertainty over the cause of their distress. Because of the unexplained and complex nature of several of these cases, considerable debate and controversy have arisen in the research and consulting community. To a great extent, this has led to a misperception that the problems are more prevalent than actual case studies would indicate. However, irrespective of the fact that cases of premature deterioration are limited, it is essential to address those that have occurred and provide practical, technically sound solutions so that users can confidently specify concrete in their structures. Central to the debate has been the effect of a compound known as ettringite. The objectives of this paper are: Fig. 1. Portland cements are manufactured by a process that combines sources of lime (such as limestone), silica and • to define ettringite and its form and presence in concrete, alumina (such as clay), and iron oxide (such as iron ore). Appropriately proportioned mixtures of these raw materials • to respond to questions about the observed problems and the are finely ground and then heated in a rotary kiln at high various deterioration mechanisms that have been proposed, and temperatures, about 1450 °C (2640 °F), to form cement compounds. The product of this process is called clinker • to provide some recommendations on designing for durable (nodules at right in above photo). After cooling, the clinker is concrete. interground with about 5% of one or more of the forms of Because many of the questions raised relate to cement character- calcium sulfate (gypsum shown at left in photo) to form portland cement.
  • Breakthrough Chemistry Simulations for Lithium Processing Contents

    Breakthrough Chemistry Simulations for Lithium Processing Contents

    think simulation | getting the chemistry right Breakthrough chemistry simulations for lithium processing Using simulation to maximize your investment return in lithium extraction and processing Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 Process simulation deficiencies ................................................................................................................ 2 OLI Systems electrolyte thermodynamics .................................................................................................2 OLI Systems lithium initiative .................................................................................................................... 2 Lithium phase 1 and potash chemistry is complete ................................................................................... 2 Fundamental sulfate – chloride systems .............................................................................................. 3 Fundamental hydroxide and carbonate systems .................................................................................. 3 Lithium in acid environments for processing and recycling ................................................................... 3 Lithium borate systems for Li production ............................................................................................. 4 Systems related to Li hydrometallurgical processing, purifications and recycling ..................................
  • Bismuth Chloride Solution SDS US

    Bismuth Chloride Solution SDS US

    SAFETY DATA SHEET Issue Date 10-Nov-2015 Revision Date 11-Nov-2015 Version 1 1. IDENTIFICATION Product identifier Product Name Bismuth Trichloride Solution Other means of identification Product Code 0650 UN/ID no. UN1760 Synonyms Bismuth chloride; Trichlorobismuth, Trichlorobismuthine Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use Recommended Use Laboratory chemicals. Uses advised against No information available Details of the supplier of the safety data sheet Manufacturer Address Harrell Industries, Inc. 2495 Commerce Drive Rock Hill, SC 29730 www.harrellindustries.com Emergency telephone number Company Phone Number 803-327-6335 Fax Number 803-327-7808 24 Hour Emergency Phone Number (800) 633-8253 PERS Emergency Telephone (800) 633-8253 (PERS) 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION Classification OSHA Regulatory Status This chemical is considered hazardous by the 2012 OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) Acute toxicity - Inhalation (Gases) Category 4 Acute toxicity - Inhalation (Dusts/Mists) Category 4 Skin corrosion/irritation Category 1 Sub-category A Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 1 Specific target organ toxicity (single exposure) Category 3 Label elements Emergency Overview Warning Hazard statements Corrosive to metals. Causes severe skin burns and eye damage May cause respiratory irritation _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Page 1 / 8 0650 - Bismuth Trichloride Solution Revision Date 11-Nov-2015 _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Appearance Clear, colorless to yellow Physical state liquid Odor Faint hydrochloric acid odor. liquid Precautionary Statements - Prevention Wash skin thoroughly after handling Wear eye protection/ face protection Wear protective gloves Precautionary Statements - Response Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of soap and water IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
  • Nickel Minerals from Barberton, South Africa: I

    Nickel Minerals from Barberton, South Africa: I

    American Mineralogist, Volume 58, pages 733-735, 1973 NickelMinerals from Barberton,South Africa: Vl. Liebenbergite,A NickelOlivine SvsneNoA. nn Wnar Nationnl Institute lor Metallurgy, I Yale Road.,Milner Park, I ohannesburg,South Alrica Lnwrs C. ClI.x Il. S. GeologicalSuruey, 345 Middlefield Road, Menlo Park, California 94025 Abstract Liebenbergite, a nickel olivine from the mineral assemblage trevorite-liebenbergite-nickel serpentine-nickel ludwigite-bunsenite-violarite-millerite-gaspeite-nimite, is described mineral- ogically.Ithasa-1.820,P-1.854,7-1.888,ZVa-88",specificgravity-4'60,Mohs hardness- 6 to 6.5, a - 4.727, b - 10.191,c = 5.955A, and Z - 4. X-ray powder data (48 lines) were indexed according to the space grottp Pbnm. The mean chemical composi- tion, calculated from electron microprobe analyses of eight separate liebenbergite grains, gives the mineral formula: (NL eMgoaCoo,sFeo o)Sio "nOn The name is for W. R. Liebenberg, Deputy Director-General of the National Institute for Metallurgy, South Africa. Introduction mission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (rMA). A re-investigationof the trevorite deposit at Bon Accord in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Experimental Methods Africa, led to the discovery of two peculiar but distinct nickel mineral assemblages.Minerals from The refractive indices were determined by the the assemblagewillemseite-nimite-feroan trevorite- conventional liquid immersion method using a reevesite-millerite-violarite-goethitehave been de- sodium lamp as light source.The optical and crystal scribed in earlier papers in this series (de Waal, morphologicalparameters were studiedwith the aid 1969, l97oa, 1970b;de Waal and Viljoen, I97L). of a universal stage.