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August 14, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 22821 SENATE-Wednesday, August 14, 1985 REGULATORY PROGRAM OF that the laws are faithfully executed. Program for 1985 is. however. only the THE U.S. GOVERNMENT-MES­ and that the policies of this Adminis­ first step in this annual planning proc­ SAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT tration are reflected in the regulations ess. The next step is for each agency RECEIVED DURING THE AD­ issued under those laws. I issued Exec­ to implement its part of this first Pro­ JOURNMENT-PM 73 utive Order No. 12498 initiating this gram, as planned and on schedule. Under the authority of the order of Regulatory Program. The Program My goal remains to have a govern­ the Senate of January 3, 1985. the Sec­ covers the decisions that are within ment that regulates only where neces­ retary of the Senate. on August a. the scope of discretion afforded to the sary and as efficiently and fairly as 1985. during the adjournment of the Executive agencies by law and de­ possible. Senate. received the following message scribes the underlying policies and pri­ . from the President of the United orities that will influence those deci­ Tm: WHITE HousE, August 8, 1985. States. together with an accompany­ sions. To set goals and priorities for differ­ ing report; which was referred to the MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE Committee on Governmental Affairs: ent programs, government officials must choose the right regulatory tools RECEIVED DURING THE AD­ To the Congress of the : JOURNMENT The publication of The Regulatory and identify legitimate needs for regu­ Program of the United States Govern­ lation as opposed to those that merely Under the authority of the order of ment marks a major milestone in our benefit special interests. Because some the Senate of January 3. 1985. the Sec­ continuing effort to make government complex regulations take years to de­ retary of the Senate. on August 6. more accountable to the American velop. involving studies. surveys. and 1985. during the adjournment of the people and more responsive to their the identification and selection of reg­ Senate received a message from the needs. This document presents. for the ulatory options. it is important that House of Representatives announcing first time. a comprehensive program of senior Federal officials be able to that the House has passed the follow­ regulatory policy to be carried out review regulatory options early in the ing bill. with amendments. in which it over the coming year. rulemaking process and plan regula­ requests the concurrence of the Regulations are a feature of almost tory actions over a longer time hori­ Senate: every government program. Though zon. It is also important that they ex­ S.J. Res. 31. Joint resolution to designate many regulations accomplish worth­ amine and reexamine the nearly 200 the week of November 24 through Novem­ while ends. we should not forget the volumes of existing regulations to see ber 30. 1985, as "National Family Week." huge hidden costs they entail. The what regulations need to be modified Federal Government mandates tens of or have outlived their usefulness. ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT billions of dollars of expenditures This year•s Regulatory Program is RESOLUTIONS SIGNED every year-dollars paid for by the the first in an annual series that will people but not included in any of the document the efforts of my Adminis­ The message also announced that Federal budget accounts. not appropri­ tration to manage Federal regulatory the Speaker has signed the following ated by the Congress. and not con­ programs. This should lead to an in­ enrolled bills and joint resolutions: strained by any spending limits. creased level of predictability. consist­ S. 960. An act to authorize international Before 1980. these regulatory ex­ ency. accountability. and rationality in development and security assistance pro­ Federal regulatory activity. grams and Peace Corps programs for fiscal penditures had grown out of control. years 1986 and 1987, and for other purposes; More pages were published in the Fed­ The objectives of the Regulatory S. 1147. An act to amend the orphan drug eral Register in 1980 than during the Program are to: provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and entire period between 1936 and 1945- -Create a coordinated process for Cosmetic Act and related laws. the first 10 years of the Register. Pa­ developing on an annual basis the H.R. 2068. An act to authorize appropria­ perwork burdens had grown such that Administration•s Regulatory Pro­ tions for fiscal years 1986 and 1987 for the by 1980, almost two billion hours were gram; Department of State. the United States In­ expended annually by businesses and -Establish Administration regula­ formation Agency. the Board for Interna­ individuals to satisfy the Federal Gov­ tory priorities; tional Broadcasting. and for other purposes; H.R. 2370. An act to amend the Public ernment. Estimates are that Federal -Increase the accountability of Health Service Act to extend the programs Government regulations imposed costs agency heads for the regulatory of assistance for nurse education; of over $100 billion annually by 1980. actions of their agencies; H.R. 2577. An act making supplemental adding significantly to the burden im­ -Provide for presidential oversight appropriations for the fiscal year ending posed on the economy by excessive of the regulatory process; September 30, 1985, and for other purposes; Federal spending. It has become essen­ -Reduce the burdens of existing H.R. 2908. An act to amend title XI of the tial that tools be developed to plan the and future regulations; Education Amendments of 1978, relating to rational evolution of Federal regula­ -Minimize duplication and conflict Indian education programs; S.J. Res. 98. Joint resolution condemning tory requirements. of regulations; and the passage of Resolution 3379 in the In 1981. I issued Executive Order No. -Enhance public and congressional General Assembly on No­ 12291 setting forth my regulatory understanding of the Administra­ vember 10, 1975, and urging the United principles and. under the Paperwork tion•s regulatory objectives. States Ambassador and United States dele­ Reduction Act. my Administration All of this cannot be accomplished gation to take all appropriate actions neces­ mounted an attack to reduce the pa­ simply by publishing a book. This Reg­ sary to erase this shameful resolution from perwork burden. These efforts have ulatory Program is the end product of the record of the United Nations; helped to reverse the trend of more in­ a long process of agencies planning S.J. Res. 137. Joint resolution to designate the week of December 15, 1985, through De­ trusive and burdensome Federal regu­ their regulatory activities: gathering cember 21, 1985, as "National Drunk and lations and paperwork. But more was and reviewing information. evaluating Drugged Driving Awareness Week"; needed. past progress and program effective­ S.J. Res. 168. Joint resolution designating The Regulatory Program is a critical ness. and setting goals and priorities. August 13, 1985, as "National Neighborhood step in this process. In order to see The publication of the Regulatory Crime Watch Day"; and

e This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. 22822 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE August 11,, 1985 H.J. Res. 251. Joint resolution to provide has announced her intention to retire ADVANCE NOTIFICATION that a special gold medal honoring George from the Congress at the end of seven PROPOSED ARMS SALES Gershwin be presented to his sister, Frances terms in the House of Representatives. Gershwin Godowsky, and a special gold e Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, section MARJORIE HOLT gained public confi­ 36 of the Arms Export Control Act medal honoring Ira Gershwin be presented dence the old-fashioned way-by earn­ to his widow, Leonore Gershwin, and to pro­ requires that Congress receive advance ing it. In her courthouse years, she notification of proposed arms sales vide for the production of bronze of such learned the basics not only of politics, medals for sale to the public. under that act in excess of $50 million but of human nature. She also learned or, in the case of major defense equip­ Under the authority of the order of that politics is hard work and that ·she ment as defined in the act, those in the Senate of January 3, 1985, S. 960, was willing to invest the time and Senate Joint Resolution 98, Senate effort it requires. excess of $14 million. Upon receipt of Joint Resolution 137, and Senate Joint She earned the public confidence such notification, the Congress has 30 Resolution 168 were signed on August not just of her constituents but of all calendar days during which the sale 6, 1985, during the adjournment of the her colleagues, especially those of us may be reviewed. The provision stipu­ Senate by the President pro tempore in the Maryland delegation. She was lates that, in the Senate, the notifica­ tion of proposed sales shall be sent to [Mr. THuRMOND]. the staunch ally working with the rest the chairman of the Foreign Relations Under the authority of the order of of us to preserve the Chesapeake Bay, Committee. the Senate of January 3, 1985, S. 1147. to guarantee shipbuilding jobs at Pursuant to an informal understand­ H.R. 2068, H.R. 2370, H.R. 2577, H.R. Sparrows Point, to strengthen the economy of the Port of Baltimore, and ing, the Department of Defense has 2908, and House Joint Resolution 251 agreed to provide the committee with were signed on August 7, 1985, during to defend the rights of Federal em­ ployees. a preliminary notification 20 days the adjournment of the Senate by the before transmittal of the official noti­ Vice President. MARJoRIE HoLT's success as a Member of Congress is the product of fication. The official notification will her experiences, and she will be be printed in the RECORD in accord­ ENROLLED BILL SIGNED missed.e ance with previous practices. Under the authority of the order of I wish to inform Members of the the Senate of January 3, 1985, the fol­ Senate that three such notifications lowing enrolled bill was signed on have been received. August 2, 1985, during the adjourn­ Interested Senators may inquire as ment of the Senate by the Vice Presi­ THE BOY SCOUTS OF AMERICA'S to the details of these advance notifi­ dent: DIAMOND JUBILEE cations at the office of the Committee S. 1195. An act to amend title 3, United • Mr. WALLOP. Mr. President, the on Foreign Relations, room SD-423. States Code, to authorize the use of penalty 1985 National Boy Scout Jamboree The notification follows: and franked mail efforts relating to the lo­ came to a close at the end of July, and DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY, cation and recov~ry of missing children. as it did so, trees were sent home with Washington, DC, August 6, 1985. each council and planted in their re­ In reply refer to: I-04584/85ct. ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT spective home States; this represented Dr. M. GRAEME BANNERKAN, RESOLUTIONS PRESENTED the theme of the jamboree, "the Spirit Deputy Staff Director, Committee on For­ Lives On." eign Relations, U.S. Senate, Washington, The Secretary of the Senate report­ DC. Indeed, the spirit does live on, and DEAR MR. BANNERKAN: By letter dated 18 ed that she had presented to the Presi­ has for 75 years as the Boy Scouts of dent of the United States the follow­ February 1976, the Director, Defense Secu­ America celebrate their diamond anni­ rity Assistance Agency, indicated that you ing enrolled bills and joint resolutions: versary in 1985. Some 75 plus years would be advised of possible transinittals to On August 2, 1985: ago, William D. Boyce was lost in a Congress of information as required by Sec­ S. 1195. An act to amend title 3, United London fog and was led to his destina­ tion 36(b) of the Arms Export Control Act. States Code, to authorize the use of penalty tion by a young British Boy Scout who At the instruction of the Department of and franked mail efforts relating to the lo­ was, "doing a good turn." Later, be­ State, I wish to provide the following ad­ cation and recovery of missing children. cause of this young scout, Boyce dis­ vance notification. On August 7, 1985: cussed bringing scouting over to Amer­ The Department of State is considering S. 960. An act to authorize international an offer to a Northwest Asian country ten­ development and security assistance pro­ ica with Lord Baden~Powell, the tatively estimated to cost $50 million or grams and Peace Corps programs for fiscal father and creator of the Boy Scouts. more. years 1986 and 1987, and for other purposes; On February 8, 1910, the Boy Scouts Sincerely, S. 1147. An act to amend the orphan drug of America were on their way as they PHILIP C. GAST, provisions of the Federal Food, Drug, and became officially organized, and on Director. Cosmetic Act and related laws; June 15, 1965, Congress granted the S.J. Res. 98. Joint resolution condemning Boy Scouts of America a Federal char­ POLICY JUSTIFICATION the passage of Resolution 3379 in the U.N. ter. The prime contractors will be Bell General Assembly on November 10, 1975, Since then, Boy Scouts around the Helicopters Textron, Incorporated of Fort and urging the U.S. Ambassador and U.S. country have been doing good turns, Worth, Texas and AVCO Corporation, Ly­ delegation to take all appropriate actions and having fun to boot. Boy Scouts coming Division of Stratford, Connecticut. necessary to erase this shameful resolution have been learning about the out­ There will be no adverse impact on from the record of the United Nations; doors, practicing first-aid' skills, discov­ U.S. defense readiness as a result of this S.J. Res. 137. Joint resolution to designate sale. the week of December 15, 1985, through De­ ering out Nation's history, and re­ cember 21, 1985, as "National Drunk and searching new and experimental tech­ nologies. DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY, Drugged Driving Awareness Week"; and Washington, DC, August 6, 1985. S.J. Res. 168. Joint resolution designating Over 70 million people have partici­ In reply refer to: l-04434/85ct. August 13, 1985, as "National Neighborhood pated in making the Boy Scouts of Dr. M. GRAEME BANNERMAN, Crime Watch Day.'' America a tradition which will live in Deputy Staff Director, Committee on For­ the hearts and minds of people in the eign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, ADDITIONAL STATEMENTS past, present, and future. DC. So, Boy Scouts, your 75th anniversa­ DEAR DR. BANNERMAN: By letter dated 18 RETIRING CONGRESSWOMAN ry theme is appropriate, for you can February 1976, the Director, Defense Secu­ MARJORIE HOLT rity Assistance Agency, indicated that you have "Pride in the Past," as you pave would be advised of possible transmittals to e Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, my the road for "Footsteps to the Congress of information as required by Sec­ Maryland colleague, MARJORIE HoLT Future." I commend you.e tion 36 of the Arms Export Control Act. August 11,, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 22823 At the instruction of the Department of view the problems of the bay and see study is to identify the magnitude and State, I wish to provide the following ad­ the progress being made by the Feder- location of shoreline erosion problems vance notification. al agencies working on those problems. and to recommend specific erosion The Department of State is considering We saw firsthand the shoreline ero- control projects. Reduction in shore­ an offer to a Southwest Asian country ten­ tatively estimated to cost $50 million or sion of the bay including large gullies line erosion will contribute to the res­ more. on steep slopes, slopes slumping into toration of the bay's living resources, Sincerely, the water, and bulkheads and vegetat- as well as improve recreational oppor­ PHILIP C. GAST, ed areas used to slow the erosion proc- tunities. Director. ess. The study is being conducted in two Chesapeake Bay has over 6,000 miles phases: A reconnaissance phase will POLICY JUSTIFICATION of shoreline. Much of it is subjected to determine the extent of the shoreline The prime contractor will be Bowen erosion of various degrees and a signif- erosion problem, define the Federal McLaughlin York of York, Pennsylvania. icant portion of it is eroding at a rapid activities needed, and identify non­ There will be no adverse impact on rate. During the past century, over Federal support for detailed study. U.S. defense readiness as a result of this sale. 45,000 acres of the land have been lost The feasibility phase will consist of de­ to the bay water's unrelenting action. tailed site-specific investigations lead- DEFENSE SECURITY AsSISTANCE AGENCY, The need to take steps to prevent or ing to recommendations for projects. Washington, DC, August 6, 1985. control this erosion has been ad- The reconnaissance phase was start­ In reply refer to: I-04433/85ct. · dressed in many reports, including ed in October 1984 and is scheduled Dr. M. GRAEME BANNERMAN, "The National Shoreline Study," the for completion in March 1986 at a cost Deputy StaJf Director, Committee on For­ EPA Chesapeake Bay Study, and the of $500,000. Progress Report 1 was eign Relations, U.S. Senate, Washington, Corps DC. of Engineers' "Existing and completed in March 1985. The report DEAR DR. BANNERMAN: By letter dated 18 Future Conditions" study. In addition, identified 1,260 miles of shoreline for February 1976, the Director, Defense Secu­ one of the recommendations of the further study-490 miles in Maryland rity Assistance Agency, indicated that you Governors of Maryland and Virginia, and 770 miles in Virginia-out of a would be advised of possible transmittals to resulting from a Chesapeake Bay Con- total of 7,325 miles of shoreline inves­ Congress of information as required by Sec­ ference, was to ... • • improve pro- tigated. Progress Report 2 was com­ tion 36 of the Arms Export Control Act. grams for stabilization of eroding pleted on July 25. At the instruction of the Department of shorelines to reduce the effects of The feasibility phase, which will be State, I wish to provide the following ad­ sediment in the bay." This recommen- cost-shared on a 50-percent Federal/ vance notification. dation was based on concerns which The Department of State is considering went beyond the potentially large, im- 50-percent non-Federal basis, will take an offer to a Southwest Asian country for 2¥2 years to complete. major defense equipment tentatively esti­ mediate, and local effects of loss of The corps has completed a nation- mated to cost $14 million or more. land. wide demonstration program as part Sincerely, Sediment, resulting from shoreline of the Shoreline Erosion Control Dem­ PHn.IP C. GAST, erosion, causes a variety of problems. onstration Act of 1974. Under this pro­ Director. It is the significant cause of filling of gram, several demonstration projects POLICY JUSTIFICATION the bay and its channels and harbors. were done around the country, but The prime contractor will be FMC This sediment not only contributes to none in the Chesapeake Bay. The pro­ Corporation of San Jose, CalifQmia. shortening the life of the bay but also gram produced a series of reports There will be no adverse impact on increases the need for channel and which contained evaluations of low­ U.S. defense readiness as a result of this harbor dredging. cost shore protection measures. The sale.e Perhaps even more important are major thrust of the program was the effects of sediment from eroding toward private property owners and shorelines and other sources on the small local governments. The proposed THE CORPS OF ENGINEERS' bay's plants and animals. In its report Chesapeake Bay demonstration WORK IN THE CHESAPEAKE on the Chesapeake, the EPA conclud- projects, likewise, are small-scale BAY ed that high levels of sediment-in- projects, intended to show bay land­ e Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. President, with duced turbidity have contributed to owners how they, as individuals, can the passage of the Energy and Water the significant decline of submerged make a difference and improve the Development Appropriation Act, we aquatic vegetation, often called SAV, bay's water quality. assure the continuation of the U.S. and of bottom-dwelling species. Sedi- Both the State of Maryland and the Army Corps of Engineers' work in the mentation must be controlled if these Commonwealth of Virginia have ex­ Chesapeake Bay, including the shore­ organisms are to return to the bay in pressed interest in having the corps to line erosion study and the proposed any numbers. demonstration projects during the fea- shoreline erosion demonstration On our boat tour, we learned first- sibility phase of the Chesapeake Bay projects. Let me share with my col­ hand of submerged aquatic vegetation, Shoreline Erosion Study. These leagues some information about what the sea grasses ,of the bay, and how projects would protect typical shore­ the Corps of Engineers is doing to they are smothered by sediment, de- line stretches, such as bluffs, beaches, help save the bay. creasing their productivity and leading and marshes, and would demonstrate The shoreline erosion study, which to their decline. This eventually leads to private property owners on the bay will be continued this next fiscal year to the loss of habitat for the bay's or- the low-cost solutions which are avail­ as a result of our action today, exam­ ganisms, which use the sea grasses for able and which can be instituted 1m­ ines the critical problems of eroding food and shelter. Clearly, sediment en- mediately. shorelines in the Chesapeake Bay. The tering the bay's ecosystem is a large The State of Maryland has request­ goals are to identify eroding areas, to contributor toward the bay's recent ed the corps to plan, design, construct, compare low-cost solutions for treat­ decline, and while nothing can stop and monitor an·erosion control demon­ ing those areas, and to make recom­ erosion entirely, we can learn more stration project on State property at mendations for Federal and State ap­ about how to slow the process and im- Patterson Point Farm in Calvert proaches in solving the problems. prove the quality of our bay's waters. County. The State of Maryland is Last month, my colleague, the Sena­ The boat tour opened a lot of eyes to paying 100 percent of the estimated tor from Maryland, Mr. SARBANES, the ecosystem problems of the bay, cost of $150,000. with EPA Administrator Lee Thomas, and that is why the Corps .of Engi- As you .know, I have been an ardent Secretary of the Interior Donald neers' Shoreline Erosion Study and supporter of the Chesapeake Bay over Hodel, the Governors of Maryland and the proposed demonstration projects many years, and I view these current Virginia, and others joined me for a are so very important to the . future and proposed activities of the Corps of tour of Chesapeake Bay. We. went to health of the bay. The purpose of the Engineers as absolutely essential in 22824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE August 14, 1985 the total ecosystem approach to clean- . many challenges during the past five (ill) Description of Articles or Services Of­ ing up the bay. I hope my colleagues decades. However, the act has flour­ fered: Seven thousand six hundred twelve will agree and join with me in support­ ished under nine Presidents from both TOW II guided missiles, 300 tubular launch­ political parties and 25 Congresses. Al­ ers, ancillary equipment, and concurrent ing a totally integrated Federal/State/ spare parts. local approach, including money for though provisions of the Railroad Re­ (iv) Military Department: Army . the corps' activities in the bay, so one tirement Act undoubtedly will change, Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Of­ day all of us will be able to say to our as they have in the past, the act must fered, or Agreed to be Paid: None. grandchildren, "I saved the bay."e remain a commitment to the railroad Sensitivity of Technology Contained retirees, who have planned for their in the Defense Articles or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Annex under sepa­ RAILROAD RETIREMENT retirement based on guarantees made by the Government and who have con­ rate cover. • Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, 50 tributed so much to our national Section 28 Report: Included in report years ago, on August 29, 1935, the for quarter ending 31 March 1985. strength.e Date Report Delivered to Congress: Railroad Retirement Act was signed August 1, 1985. into law by President Franklin D. Roo- sevelt. This act established the foun­ POLICY JUSTIFICATION dations of the current railroad retire­ PROPOSED ARMS SALES ment system. NORWAY-TOM II MISSILES • Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, section The Government of Norway has requested It was in the rail industry that the 36(b > of the Arms Export Control Act the purchase of 7,612 TOW II guided mis­ first formal industpal pension plan in requires that Congress receive advance siles, 300 tubular launchers, ancillary equip­ America was established in 187 4. By notification of proposed arms sales ment, and concurrent spare parts. The esti­ 1925, more than three-fourths of all under that act in excess of $50 million mated cost is $126 mlllion. railroad workers in the United States This sale will contribute to the foreign or, in the case of major defense equip­ policy and national security objectives of were covered by pension plans. Howev­ ment as defined in the act, those in er, relatively few employees actually the United States by improving the military excess of $14 million. Upon such noti­ capabilities of Norway; furthering NATO ra­ received benefits under these plans, fication, the Congress has 30 calendar and during the Great Depression of tionalization standardization, and interoper­ days during which the sale may be re­ ability; and enhancing the defense of the the 1930's these plans had difficulty Western Alliance. meeting their obligations. Older work­ viewed. The provision stipulates that, in the Senate, the notification of pro­ Norway needs these TOW II missiles to ers consequently exercised rights to improve the tank-k.illing capacity of its in­ continue working and accounted for a posed sales shall be sent to the chair­ fantry battalions. The new brigade concept disproportionate number of the indus­ man of the Foreign Relations Commit­ of the Norwegian Army requires an approxi­ try's employees. Railway labor sought tee. mate increase of 50% in antitank weapon legislation to continue railroad pen­ In keeping with the committee's in­ systems. These brigades perform the for­ tention to see that such information is ward land defense in northern Norway. Nor­ sions as part of a reliable and equita­ way's highest priority is to upgrade their ble national program. immediately available to the full Senate, I ask to have printed in the TOW's to TOW II missiles. Although prior railroad retirement RECORD at this point the' notification The sale of this equipment and support legislation had been enacted in 1934, it will not affect the basic military balance in was declared unconstitutional by the which has been received. The classi­ the region. Supreme Court, and the 1935 act was f~ed annex referred to in the covering The prime contractor will be the Hughes also challenged in the courts. None­ letter is available to Senators in the Aircraft CQrporation of Tucson, Arizona. office of the Foreign Relations Com­ Implementation of this sale is expected to theless, the Railroad Retirement require assignment of U.S. Government per­ Board made its first annuity payments mittee, room SD-423. The notification follows: sonnel and contractor representatives to 11 months after passage of the 1935 Norway; however, the number of personnel legislation. While subsequent Railroad DEFENSE SECURITY AsSISTANCE AGENCY, and length of time they will be needed has Retirement Acts were enacted in 1937 Washington, DC, August 1, 1985. not yet been determined. Hon. RICHARD C. LUGAR, and 1974, the 1935 act was the comer­ There will be no adverse impact on U.S. Chainnan, Committee on Foreign Relations, defense readiness as a result of this sale.e stone of the present railroad retire­ U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. ment system. DEAR MR. CIIAIRKAN: Pursuant to the re­ During the past 50 years, railroad re­ porting requirements of Section 36(b) of the SOCIAL SECURITY tirement benefits of $77 billion have Arms Export Control Act, we are forwarding been paid by the board to 1,600,000 re­ herewith Transmittal No. 85-47 and under e Mr. SARBANES. Mr. President, tired employees, 800,000 spouses, and separate cover the classified annex thereto. today marks the 50th anniversary of 2,000,000 survivors; unemployment This Transmittal concerns the Department the enactment of the Social Security of the Army's proposed Letter of Offer to Act. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and sickness benefits have totaled Norway for defense articles and services es­ almost $6 billion. The first retirement signed the 33-page bill into law on timated to cost $126 mlllion. Shortly after August 14, 1935. After 50 years of evo­ annuities awarded under the 1935 this letter is delivered to your office, we . Railroad Retirement Act averaged $60 plan to notify the news media of the unclas­ lution and growth, the Social Security a month and no monthly benefits were sified portion of this Transmittal. system is today a major part of our na­ payable to spouses or survivors. In Sincerely, tional life. It has served us well by helping to assure the dignity and inde­ 1985, nearly 1 million beneficiaries will PHILIP C. 0AST, Director. pendence of the individual, the integ­ receive retirement and survivor bene­ rity of the family, and the stability of fits of about $6 billion, and about the community. 135,000 persons will receive unemploy- TRANSMITI'AL No. 85-47 The Social Security Act is more than ment and sickness benefits of about Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of old age, survivors, and disability insur­ $200 million. Offer Pursuant to Section 36 of the ance and Medicare. It includes the Throughout the history of the Arms Export Control Act Federal-State system of unemploy­ United States, the railroads have m Prospective Purchaser: Norway. ment insurance and other benefits and played a very crucial role as a catalyst Total Estimated Value: service programs, including Supple­ to economic growth and job creation. MiUion This 50th anniversary occasion gives . Major Defense Equipment 1 ...... $114 mental Security Income [8811, Title all of us the opportunity to renew our Other...... $12 XX, Social Service Block Grants, ma­ ternal and child health care, and Med­ commitment to the railroad retire- Total...... $126 icaid. The Social Security Act is vital ment system. It was established in a , Aa defined in Section 47<6> of the Arms Export to the security of everyone-young, time of national crisis and has faced control Act. middle-aged, and old, and the Con- August 14, 1985 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 22825 gress has fortunately recognized this set of issues, because they are a posed sales be sent to the chairman of important fact throughout the history whole-resulting from a common the Foreign Relations Committee. of the program. source: the complex interdependencies In keeping with my intention to see This year also marks the 20th anni­ of modem economic life. that such information is available to versary of the Medicare Program, an The 1935 act represents a commit­ the full Senate, I ask to have printed extension of the Social Security Pro­ ment made by this country to its citi­ in the RECORD at this point the notifi­ gram and the cornerstone of this Na­ zens-a commitment upon which citi­ cation I have received. A portion of tion's commitment to adequate health zens have relied in planning their re­ the notification, which is classified in­ care for 28 million older persons and 3 tirement years. The Social Security formation, has been deleted for publi­ million disabled individuals. Clearly, Act has flourished under 9 Presidents cation, but is available to Senators in without Medicare, millions of older from both political parties and 25 Con­ the office of the Foreign Relations Americans could not afford even the gresses. Although provisions of the Committee, room SD-423. most basic health care services. Social Security Act undoubtedly will The notification follows: Since the Democratic Party, starting change, as they have in the past, the DEFENSE SECURITY AsSISTANCE AGENCY, with Franklin D. Roosevelt, has had a act will remain a dynamic and influen­ Washington, DC, August 1, 1985. longstanding commitment to Medicare tial factor in American economic, In reply refer to: I-04583/85ct. and Social Security, I would like to social and politicallife.e Hon. RICHARD C. LUGAR, insert the Presidential statement of Chairman, Committee on Foreign Relations, the signing of the Social Security Act, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. August 14, 1935: DEAR MR. CHAIRiolAN: Pursuant to the re­ SOCIAL SECURITY AND THE porting requirements of Section 36 of the Today a hope of many years standing is in DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM Arms Export Control Act, we are forwarding large part fulfilled. The civilization of the under separate cover Transmittal No. 85-48, past hundred years, with its startling indus­ e Mr. MOYNIHAN. Mr. President, concerning the Department of the Army's trial changes, has tended more and more to August 14, 1985, marks the 50th anni­ proposed Letter of Offer to Japan for de­ make life insecure. Young people have come versary of the enactment of the Social fense articles and services estimated to cost to wonder what would be their lot when $14 million or more. Since most of the es­ they came to old age. The man with a job Security Act. By that act, the Ameri­ can Government made a solemn prom­ sential elements of this proposed sale are to has wondered how long the job would last. remain classified, we will not notify the This social security measure gives at least ise to the American people, and from news media. some protection to thirty millions of our one generation to another, that Amer­ Sincerely, citizens who will reap direct benefits ican workers and their families would PHILIP C. GAST, through unemployment compensation, be protected from the financial bur­ Director. through old-age pensions and through in­ dens of old age and disability, and creased services for the protection of chil­ American children from the worst rav­ dren and the prevention of ill health. TRANSMITTAL No. 85-48 We can never insure one hundred percent ages of poverty. No Government initia­ of the population against one hundred per­ tive since, and few before, has done Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of cent of the hazards and vicissitudes of life, more to improve the quality of life for Offer Pursuant to Section 36 of the but we have tried to frame a law which will more Americans. Arms Export Control Act give some measure of protection to the aver­ Even more, Social Security is a bul­ (1) Prospective Purchaser: Japan. age citizen and to his family against the loss wark of our democratic system. My Total Estimated Value: of a job and against poverty-ridden old age. friends from the Council Center for Major Defense Equipment 1 •••••••••• [deleted] This law, too represents a cornerstone in a Other...... [deleted] structure which is being built but is by no Senior Citizens in Brooklyn recently means complete. It is a structure intended reminded me of President Franklin D. Total...... [deleted] to lessen the force of possible future depres­ Roosevelt's words on this matter: 1 AB defined in Section 47<6> of the Arms Export sions. It will act as a protection to future History proves that dictatorships do not Control Act. Administrations against the necessity of grow out of strong and successful govern­ Description of Articles or Services Of­ going deeply into debt to furnish relief to ments, but out of weak and helpless ones. If fered: [Deleted]. the needy. The law will flatten out the by democratic methods people get a govern­ Milltary Department: Army peaks and valleys of deflation and of infla­ ment strong enough to protect them from . tion. It is, in short, a law that will take care fear and starvation, then democracy suc­ Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, of an economic structure of vastly greater ceeds. If they do not, they grow impatient. Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None. soundness. Therefore the only sure bulwark of continu­ Sensitivity of Technology Con­ I congratulate all of you ladies and gentle­ ing liberty is a government strong enough to tained in the Defense Articles or Defense men, all of you in the Congress, in the exec­ protect the interests of the people, and a Services Proposed to be Sold: See Annex utive departments and all of you who come people strong enough and well enough in­ under separate cover. from private life, and I thank you for your formed to maintain its sovereign control (vii) Section 28 Report: Case not in­ splendid efforts in behalf of this patriotic over its government. cluded in Section 28 report. legislation. I ask my colleagues to reflect on (viii> Date Report Delivered to Con­ If the Senate and House of Representa­ gress: [Deleted]. tives in this long and arduous session had President Roosevelt's wisdom, and I done nothing more than pass this Bill, the especially thank my Brooklyn friends session would be regarded as historic for all for their wisdom in bringing it to our POLICY JUSTIFICATION time. attention.• [Deleted.] The Social Security Act is by many This sale will contribute to the foreign measures the single most successful policy and national security objectives of piece of domestic legislation ever cre­ PROPOSED ARMS SALES the United States by improving the military ated in the United States. From the e Mr. LUGAR. Mr. President, section capabilities of Japan; furthering rationaliza­ words of the New Dealers come some · tion, standardization, and interoperability; 36 of the Arms Export Control Act and enhancing the defense of the Western lessons as fresh and true today as they requires that Congress receive advance Alliance. were 50 years ago: A strong system of notification of proposed arms sales . The sale of this equipment and sup­ social policy is one that is inclusive-in under that act in excess of $50 million port will not affect the basic military bal­ everyone's interest-and flexible or, in the case of major defense equip­ ance in the region. enough to evolve with the realities of ment as defined in the act, those in There will be no adverse impact on the times. Economic security is a nec­ excess of $14 million. Upon such noti-. U.S. defense readiness as a result of this essary component to economic fication, the Congress has 30 calendar sale.e progress, not a drain upon it. Problems days during which the sale may be re­ of economic security should be consid­ viewed. The provision stipulates that, ered as a whole, not as a fragmented in the Senate, the notificati?n of pro- 22826 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS August 11,, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CLEAN CAMPAIGN ACT which I consider to be one of our most apply our values and beliefs. An election cherished rights. In other instances, ought not to decide the minutiae of public HON. STEPHEN L. NEAL the road was blocked eventually by policy but it does help to set direction and one objection or another. Then, Mr. tone. Second, more important and today OF NORTH CAROLINA Speaker, JoHN DANFORTH, Republican more in peril, an election is one American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES way of holding a town meeting. We are not Senator of Missouri, introduced a bill an ancient Gr ~1c city state or a Swiss vil­ Thursday, August 1, 1985 which, I think, meets all the constitu­ lage. We are not only too big and diverse for • Mr. NEAL. Mr. Speaker, certain tional and fairness requirements, and direct democracy, we are too impatient and parts of our Nation, including my own which I believe would contribute in a pluralistic. And we are not only pluralistic State of North Carolina, have been meaningful way to the preservation of as a society, but as individuals. We have bombarded in recent elections with the democratic process. The bill was other things to do. scurrilous, deceptive, misleading, dis­ also sponsored in the other body by Yet, one of the things that makes us a torted, and downright dishonest paid Republican Senator GoLDWATER and people is our ability to come together peri­ radio and television advertising. Democrats HOLLINGS and SIMON. It odically and reason as citizens. Not only to People are sick and tired of the lies, has been introduced on this side by my set the context of governance, but to listen colleague, the gentleman from Califor­ and discuss. smears, statements used out of con­ The other American approximation of the text, doctored photos, et cetera, yet nia [Mr. LANTOS] and I have joined him as cosponsor. town meeting is the process of representa­ are in a way powerless to do anything tion. It is not entirely new or accidental that about it. One may say that they ex­ The thrust of the bill is that if any campaigning in our nation is perennial, press their opinion at the ballot box, candidate for Federal office airs or almost existential. In meeting with our rep­ but oftentimes the real issues have · causes or permits to be aired any radio resentatives, individually or in groups, in been so obscured by these powerful, or television ad attacking his oppo­ person or by letter, we not only express deceitful, slick, negative ads that the nent, and does not do it by using his opinions but carry on the dialogue of de­ election contest boils down to those own voice and/ or facial likeness, the mocracy. The essence of the democratic who believe the ads versus those who candidate at whom the ad is aimed spirit is conversation, because only a few do not. shall be entitled to free and equal air truths are self-evident and because public Sad to say, these ads continue to time to respond. If such an ad is opinion is more than popular prejudice only dominate some campaigns because placed independent of the candidate, if it is informed. This is the reason Jeffer­ the equal-time requirement will auto­ son was so keen on a free press. It is also the they either work, or offer the best reason Madison created a system that chance of electing a candidate who matically apply. This, Mr. Speaker, seems to me to be moved slowly. We are encouraged to think had little else but the attack ads to and talk things through. commend him or her to the electorate. a fair and rational approach to the Just as representation is not just handing Thus, organizations like the National problem. Senator DANFORTH has power over to another citizen but a constant Conservative Political Action Commit­ caused his bill to be studied by consti­ give and take between equals, so an election tee [NCPACl have been able to say, tutional experts, and says they are sat­ is not like choosing from a menu. In Amer­ through its spokesman Terry Dolan, isfied that the bill would survive a con­ ica a campaign is a long, and sometimes that it could elect Mickey Mouse by stitutional test. It does not censor po­ rather bawdy, conversation. litical advertising, because it permits a Danforth has said our ongoing town meet­ using these tactics. As a ~onsequence, a whole new political campaign spe­ candidate or an organization to say ing is being drowned out by political com­ whatever they wish. It imposes no mercials and PACS. We do not become cialty-the negative broadcast ad-has better informed by campaigns today but come into being. There is a ready prior restraint, and calls no individual or organization to account, except by have our prejudicial reflexes tapped by market for the product, and a growing types of propaganda. They are not just ar­ number of organizations and individ­ requiring equal time for the opposi­ tion and holding the perpetrator of gumentative but shrill and slanderous. And uals willing to use it. this is so particularly in the South where I believe, Mr. Speaker, that this kind the ad up to public judgment. once politics was most gentlemanly. Much of despicable campaigning-which A prominent newspaper in my dis­ money is spent, and much time too. But our does not even stop short of character trict, the Winston-Salem Journal. has choices are not increased, for the degree of assassination-is destructive of the commented editorially on both the manipulation attempted and mud thrown is democratic process. The strength of negative ad problem and Senator DAN­ all that is purchased. Our public space is our system of government has been FORTH's bill. At this point, I insert an shrinking, our representatives less respon­ that the people, when given sufficient editorial from the Winston-Salem sive, though campaigning and campaign and accurate information, will arrive Journal into the RECORD: management have become a major Ameri­ ELECTIONS AS CONVERSATION can service industry. at proper decisions-whether in an Sen. Danforth makes some proposals. For election or on a jury in a court of law. Sen. John Danforth of Missouri is not the example, when a candidate runs a negative The obfuscation of this information best known member of the U.S. Senate, but he is one of the most thoughtful. commercial, he ought to have to use his own by devious and deceitful propaganda: Danforth spoke recently to a prayer face and voice in the ad. Or, when a bill is therefore deprives the people of a reli­ breakfast of the American Bar Association. paid for by interlopers, so-called independ­ able basis for judgment. His subject was campaign standards, or the ent spending, the candidate attacked should This situation, has caused me grave lack of them. And, more generally, the inci­ receive free time to respond. Campaign com­ concern for some time. I have villty now accepted as commonplace on the mercials should be run only in the month searched for some remedy that would American political scene. A lot of what Dan­ immediately preceding the election. And 30- forth said applies to the last Senate race in second spots should be banned altogether. be, first, clearly constitutional; second, Some will cry that free speech is abridged impeccably fair to all sides in an elec­ this state. Before the next one, it might be good to think about whether we want by proposals such as these. But we ban ciga­ tion campaign; and, third, contributive screaming and name calling to become the rette ads on TV and now propose to ban to, rather than destructive of the norm. liquor in the interest of the common good. democratic process. In most inst~ces, Elections are not just about who gets to The purpose of free speech is the liberty to any thinking along these lines eventu­ represent us, they are meant to do two pursue truth, not to manufacture or debase ally encountered the first amendment, other things. First, they help to clarify and it.•

• This "bullet" symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by the Member on the floor. August 14, 1985 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 22827 EXECUTION BY HUNGER, THE Why did the Soviets do it? A full explana­ This sounded very strange at a time when UNKNOWN HOLOCAUST tion must wait on the first full-dress schol­ all the people in the village were downcast arly treatment of the famine, a book to be and silent. Suddenly, shots rang out in our published in England next year by Robert Conquest and James Mace, followed by the sound of a dog yelping and under the auspices of the Ukrainian Re­ whining. We immediately recognized our OF CALIFORNIA search Institute of Harvard University. An­ dog, Latka. I ran out, and as I came to the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other Harvard scholar, Adam mam, contrib­ place, I saw our Latka lying on the ground Thursday, August 1, 1985 utes an introduction to "Execution by in a pool of blood, dead. Three gunmen Hunger" in which he mentions the Soviets' stood beside her, looking down at her, talk­ • Mr. WAXMAN. Mr. Speaker, I am need to generate capital, their need to provi­ ing and laughing. I broke out crying and submitting for the REcoRD a copy of a sion a vast internal police force, and Stalin's tried to pet my dead dog. But my lamenta­ review of the book "Execution by will to crush Ukrainian resistance to his col­ tions made no impression on the killers. Hunger, the Unknown Holocaust," by lectivization of agriculture. These factors One of them pushed me aside, took our Miron Dolot. The review was written were operative elsewhere in the non-Rus­ Latka by her tail, and dragged her to the by Jack Miles, book editor of the Los sian Soviet Union, however. Only in Ukraine main road where a horse-driven cart already Angeles Times, and it was published was the violence of the famine-weapon loaded with the bodies of other dogs and found necessary. cats waited. Then all three of them mount­ on Sunday, June 16. Why? Because only Ukraine say, as if their homeland were merely a distance, and of animals crying out in their Last January, the Book Review received a region, ''the Ukraine") was both large death throes." review copy of "Afghan Refugees: Five enough and nationalistic enough to chal­ This little incident, however marginal to Years Later," a 24-page booklet available lenge Russia itself. Once called, demean­ the main story, is told to near perfection. free from the U.S. Committee for Refugees, ingly, "Little Russia," as distinct from the Dolot is no less equal to his more demand­ 815 15th Street NW, Suite 610, Washington, "Great Russia" that grew outward from ing material. DC 20005. Though the booklet was too Moscow, Ukraine was and is a nation compa­ The harrowing core of the book covers the short for review, I thought it worthy of rable to France in both area and population. period from December, 1932, through April mention: Information on Afghanistan was Today, it constitutes 20% of the Soviet pop­ 1933. Ukrainians did not at first believe that scarce enough that 24 pages seemed much. ulation and, thanks to fertile soil and a cli­ when all their crop was taken, none would When I read the booklet, I found some mate tempered by the Black Sea, grows 25% be brought back for them. The state had thing more than I had expected. "Over the of the Soviet agricultural product. been harsh before, but it had never at­ past five years:• wrote Allen K. Jones, its After the fall of the czar, Ukraine de­ tempted-they could not believe it would at­ author, "the Soviets, along with forces of clared its independence and was recon­ tempt-extermination. Dolot's family sur­ the current Afghan government, have been quered by the Red Army only with difficul­ vived by the ruse of burying a cache of food somewhat successful in gaining control of ty. In the 1920s, Soviet rule was tolerant; on government land, where the GPU would the cities and the roads linking them, but but with the rise of Stalin, russification and least expect it. Others were less resourceful; the resistance holds sway in the country­ collectivization began with a vengeance. and as a winter of murderous cold and side. This balance could shift dramatically Ukrainian resistance grew apace, and the waist-deep snow set in, the smoke disap­ in favor of the Soviets, however, as they in­ result was a struggle that Stalin told peared from one chimney after another. tensify their tactics, of killing off the civil­ Churchill was more difficult for him than With the first thaw, Dolot's mother sent ian support population, terrorizing and driv­ World War II. The climax of this struggle, Miron and his brother, Mikola, to the ing off the survivors, and creating famine Russia's climactic victory over Ukraine, and homes of families for whom she feared In conditions." the definitive federation of the two most im­ cottage after cottage, they found the body Creating famine conditions. These last portant nations in the Soviet Union came of a child, sometimes more than one child, words caught my eye, for another, longer with the famine of 1932-33. With the intelli­ neatly laid out as for burial-and the body book, dealing with another Soviet famine, gentsia dead or deported to Siberia and the of the despairing mother hanged from the lay stalled on my shelf. I decided to read it. rest of the population prostrate, Ukrainian roof beam. Typically, the man of the family "Execution by Hunger, the Hidden Holo­ resistance was at an end by spring, 1933, had long since been sent to Siberia. caust"