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The Shetland Bus by David Howarth User Search Limit Reached - Please Wait a Few Minutes and Try Again Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} The Shetland Bus by David Howarth User Search limit reached - please wait a few minutes and try again. In order to protect Biblio.com from unauthorized automated bot activity and allow our customers continual access to our services, we may limit the number of searches an individual can perform on the site in a given period of time. We try to be as generous as possible, but generally attempt to limit search frequency to that which would represent a typical human's interactions. If you are seeing this message, please wait a couple of minutes and try again. If you think that you've reached this page in error, please let us know at [email protected]. If you are an affiliate, and would like to integrate Biblio search results into your site, please contact [email protected] for information on accessing our inventory APIs. Can you guess which first edition cover the image above comes from? What was Dr. Seuss’s first published book? Take a stab at guessing and be entered to win a $50 Biblio gift certificate! Read the rules here. ISBN 13: 9781898852421. The occupation of Western Europe and Scandinavia in the spring of 1940 crippled Britain's ability to gather intelligence information. After the Germans invaded Norway, many Norwegians knew that small boats were constantly sailing from the Shetland Islands to land weapons, supplies, and agents and to rescue refugees. In The Shetland Bus, David Howarth, who was second in command of the Shetland base, recounts the hundreds of trips made by fishing boats in the dark of Arctic winter to resist the Nazi onslaught. For the Norwegians who remained in Norway, the Shetland Bus―as this dangerous operation became known―fortified them both physically and spiritually. Nothing but war would have made seamen attempt such dangerous journeys. Some stretched two thousand miles in length and lasted as long as three weeks in boats only fifty to seventy-five feet long. Fishing boats crossing the North Sea were sometimes attacked and sunk in minutes, hundreds of miles from a friendly ship or shore. Their crews had no hope of being saved. But to “take the Shetland Bus” meant escape when capture became the only other option. The Shetland Bus is the amazing true-life account of storms, attacks, danger, and the heroic efforts of brave men. About the Author : David Howarth ran a spy ring during World War II from which this book was derived. Mr. Howarth, who died in 1991, was the author of two dozen major books of history. The Shetland Bus: Norway’s Only Hope During World War II. In the early weeks of April 1940, the first combat air assault in history saw German paratroopers , or Fallschirmjägers , leap from Junkers Ju-52s onto Aalborg Airport in Denmark and the Sola Air Station in Norway. Nazi Germany launched Operation Weserübung , the first major invasion to strike from the air, land, and sea. The tactic was so effective that Norway surrendered within two months. Their leadership, along with leaders of other European nations, was forced into exile in Great Britain. Occupation of Norway was strategic for the Nazis because it would allow them to establish naval ports and air bases to engage the Allies across Europe. Cut off from the rest of the world, Norwegian civilians were in need of salvation. A miracle came in the form of a clandestine mission headquartered hundreds of miles away using a motley crew of Norwegian fisherman with guidance from officers of Britain’s Special Operations Executive (SOE). Volunteer fisherman from the Shetland Islands — a large, subarctic archipelago on the northernmost part of the British Isles — traveled an arduous path similar to what their 9th-century Scandinavian viking ancestors explored. The boats from Shetland traveled at night and without lights so as not to bring attention from the Germans, crossing the treacherous waters of the North Sea, which are considered some of the most perilous, storm- stricken oceans in the world. Add a war into the mix, with increased anxiety from the German Air Force’s elite Luftwaffe strafing above and the Nazi secret police inspecting the cargo, and the stakes were even higher. This operation became known as the Shetland Bus and acted as a lifeline for Norwegians escaping Nazi oppression and a highway for British saboteurs to help train, equip, and conduct irregular warfare operations with the Norwegian commandos. A Motley Crew. Major L.H. Mitchell , a thin British army officer, arrived on the Shetland Islands in December 1940. He was sent by the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) and SOE. His first task required the setup of a headquarters at Flemington , a two-story farmhouse on a tree plantation developed into a rendezvous point for SOE officers to brief mission plans. Flemington’s garden provided a test range for operators to use their equipment and enhance wireless communications, so they would know how to confront a malfunction when the equipment was used in actual operations. Flemington housed a separate staging area for fugitives “wanted” by the Germans — refugees who had just arrived from one of the long and exhaustive expeditions across the North Sea and the crew who were desperate for a fresh meal and a shower. The operational base at Lunna on the east coast was later moved to Scalloway , where the boats were repaired , until the end of the war. The early plans for the Shetland Bus put the operation under British Command. The Brits lost resources through aircraft and naval vessels due to the losses at Dunkirk but had the logistics to pull off the cloak-and-dagger nature of the job. At sea, however, the Norwegians led the charge. Lunna House was the first headquarter for the Shetland Bus operations during World War II. Photo courtesy of Aldebaran/Wikimedia Commons. No British-made boat could successfully sneak into the harbors without raising an eyebrow. If a British sailor fluent in Norwegian were to be questioned, he would certainly garner an accent. The value in using Norwegian sailors was that they countered avoidable risks; local knowledge to distinguish manmade flaws in the landscape — a sentry, perhaps, or a new fixture designed to overwatch the coast — was a priceless asset. Plus, each knew the route from memory and had unmatched seamanship fishing off the shores of Greenland and Iceland during the summer. The minute details before each trip were scrutinized. Passes had to be approved at each port of call. Restrictions were made to obstruct suspicious ships from reaching Norway from Shetland. Haphazard “forbidden areas” were declared at random; lighthouses were secured, which prevented ships at sea using them for aid, and fishing was restricted to a 50-mile zone. The odds were certainly stacked in favor of the Germans, and their window of operation ceased during the summer when the ocean calmed and patrols increased. This gave them a breath to refit and keep secret the destination from the Germans who hunted them. The smaller, more agile 50- to 70-foot fishing boats provided a fitting disguise. David Howarth, another British SOE officer who joined Mitchell in June 1941 and authored the book “The Shetland Bus: A WWII Epic of Escape, Survival, and Adventure,” described their design. The value in using Norwegian sailors was that they countered avoidable risks; local knowledge to distinguish manmade flaws in the landscape — a sentry, perhaps, or a new fixture designed to overwatch the coast — was a priceless asset. “They had bunks for six or eight men in the forecastle, and two in the small cabin aft,” Howarth wrote. “The hold amidships could carry eight or ten tons of small arms and explosives, and the wheelhouse, which was built on top of the engine casing, usually had a small chart-room opening off it, and a galley behind.” Early on, they were completely defenseless, using camouflage as their armor in their unassisted excursions. Over time, steel plates and concrete were inserted between the wall of the ship’s stern and bow. Howarth’s contribution showed the ingenuity of SOE officers. “My own most successful gun-mounting was one made for twin stripped-Lewis machine guns,” he wrote. “I mounted these guns on a telescopic stand inside an ordinary forty-gallon diesel oil drum. The drum was bolted to the deck, and lashed, for appearance’s sake, to the bulwark, and its top was sawn off and refitted as a removable lid.” Oil drums were as common as fishing nets on the vessel, the perfect spot for serious firepower. The idea of forming an organized military unit never mustered, as an undisciplined ragtag gang of fishermen and seafarers taking orders from the authority of another nationality were thought to be disingenuous at best. Instead, they elected their own skippers to captain the boat. Malakoff & Moore’s Slip, Scalloway, Shetland. Built in World War II to service MTBs that went between Shetland and Norway, this slip was one of the links in the Shetland Bus. Now it is used for servicing fishing boats and salmon farm vessels. Photo courtesy of John Dally / Malakoff & Moore’s Slip, Scalloway, Shetland / CC BY-SA 2.0. The Legend of Leif Larsen. Leif Larsen received a unanimous vote from his ship’s crew to be the captain. “He was a stockily built man in his thirties, with china-blue eyes, a broken nose, and a wide humorous mouth; and he had so quiet and modest a manner that it might have taken us a long time to find out his latent powers,” Howarth wrote. Larsen’s grit and courage to confront typhoons, shipwrecks, aircraft that had them zeroed, and dubious questions from German customs agents never wavered.
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