Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS OUR/STORIES STUDENTS ABOUT 15 MINUTE HISTORY "The past is never dead. It's not even past." William Faulkner NOT EVEN PAST Tweet 44 Like THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Making History: Houston’s “Spirit of the Socialism with a Human Face Confederacy” by Cullan Bendig In January 1968, Alexander Dubček became the First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, replacing the unpopular communist hardliner Antonín Novotný. The following months of 1968, known as the Prague Spring, brought Czechoslovakia to the attention of the international community. Dubček’s goal was to create “socialism with a human face” through a series of liberalizing reforms, including loosening restrictions on freedom of expression. The Soviet Union attempted to use negotiations to reign in the program which had begun to expand beyond Dubček´s control as 1968 continued, but those efforts were unsuccessful. Under Soviet leadership, the May 06, 2020 Warsaw Pact invaded Czechoslovakia on August 21, ending the period of reform and its increased freedom of speech. In the wake of the Warsaw Pact invasion, the reform programs were gradually repealed and Dubček was removed as First Secretary in April 1969. The media faced a reimposed regime of Moscow-approved censorship, More from The Public Historian which would be extended to full censorship in March and April, 1969. The only reform that would survive the rollbacks was the federalization of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Socialist Republic and the Slovak Socialist Republic. BOOKS America for Americans: A History of Xenophobia in the United States by Erika Lee (2019) April 20, 2020 More Books DIGITAL HISTORY Más de 72: Digital Archive Review https://notevenpast.org/presenting-prague-spring-to-the-west-czechoslovak-life-and-socialism-with-a-human-face/[6/23/2020 9:49:35 AM] Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past Cover of the March, 1969 edition of Czechoslovak Life. Source: glossycommunism The magazine Czechoslovak Life was published in Prague throughout this time, and it was distributed in English to an international audience. There is a sharp contrast between the Czechoslovak Life of pre-Prague Spring and the March 16, 2020 one that emerged in the wake of the crushed uprising. The magazine pre-Spring was much less polished, structured, and organized. Much of the content was dedicated to Czech identity and cultural achievements. In contrast, the More from Digital History magazine of the 1970s featured more highly polished images and articles that discussed the economic progress and welfare of the Czechoslovak state. The strict censorship imposed in 1969 is especially visible in a sudden shift in the language used to describe the Spring. Articles from the immediate wake of the Warsaw Pact invasion but before FILMS & MEDIA censorship stress that although the movement was crushed, the liberalizing goals of the Prague Spring were noble attempts to reform the organization of the state in line with the socialist project. After censorship was imposed, the Ayka (Dir: Sergei Dvortsevoy, 2018) official party narrative of the Prague Spring as a failed right-wing, bourgeoise coup replaced the previous narrative extended to Western audiences in Czechoslovak Life about what the reforms had meant. October 02, 2019 More from Films & Media https://notevenpast.org/presenting-prague-spring-to-the-west-czechoslovak-life-and-socialism-with-a-human-face/[6/23/2020 9:49:35 AM] Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past TEXAS A (Queer) Rebel Wife In Texas March 11, 2020 More from Texas The pre-Spring editions of Czechoslovak Life also included an editorial section alongside the table of contents that always starts with “Dear Readers….” The “Dear Readers” column was signed “Editorial Board,” and frequently commented on major international events or the state of the magazine itself. The editorial team on the magazine was largely comprised of the same group of people throughout the period when “Dear Readers” appeared. These people were replaced when “Dear Readers” stopped appearing in the magazine in 1970, therefore it can be assumed that the column was a project of this group of editors. Frantisek Lebenhart and Lenka Reinerová in particular, both Czech- https://notevenpast.org/presenting-prague-spring-to-the-west-czechoslovak-life-and-socialism-with-a-human-face/[6/23/2020 9:49:35 AM] Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past born Holocaust survivors, appear in the list of editors in various positions from 1964 to 1969. The most common political statements made in the “Dear Reader” section were criticisms of then-ongoing imperialist projects by Western powers. In the November 1967 edition, for example, the editors condemned Israel as the aggressor in the Six-Day War and declared that “the editors of this magazine stand alongside the Arab states” in their resistance to colonialism. Throughout the 1960s, the editorial board was also highly critical of American military action in Vietnam. During Prague Spring, the magazine continued to comment on global imperialism, but also shifted to address the https://notevenpast.org/presenting-prague-spring-to-the-west-czechoslovak-life-and-socialism-with-a-human-face/[6/23/2020 9:49:35 AM] Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past international interest in developments within Czechoslovakia. One article alongside the “Dear Reader” column addresseed a question sent in from a Finnish reader who asks how liberal reforms can happen within a communist system. The editorial board replied that there is nothing inherently problematic with liberalizing reforms in order to advance a more democratic socialist project. The editors of Czechoslovak Life explicitly promoted Dubček´s reforms through the “Dear Reader” column and continued to do so even after the Spring began to be reversed in late 1968 and early 1969. The cover of the January 1969 edition features a photograph of a healthy, adorable child waving a Czechoslovak flag, and the first article on the next page is a telling “Dear Reader” section. This edition asks the reader to carefully verify everything they hear about Czechoslovakia in the coming months, and to remember what their elected leader Alexander Dubček had said. In retrospect, this can be seen as a forewarning of the oncoming censorship that lasted for the next two decades. 1969 was the last gasp of the “Dear Reader” section of Czechoslovak Life. In 1970, the entire editorial board was replaced by names not found anywhere in the editions from the 1960s. Frantisek Lebenhart was the first to go during 1969, and Lenka Reinerová became Editor in Chief before being removed herself between 1969 and 1970. Reinerová would not be allowed to publish at all in Czechoslovakia until the fall of communism. The content of Czechoslovak Life in the 1970s reflects the increased censorship imposed in 1969, with articles about Czech industry, the health of good socialist citizens, and denunciations of the Spring as a failed right-wing coup that Czechs and Slovaks had recognized and rejected. No mention is made of the Warsaw Pact tanks. The censorship regime imposed after the Prague Spring marks the end not only of Dubček’s reforms, but also of Czechoslovak Life presenting “socialism with a human face” to a Western audience. Further Reading: Glossy Communism You might also like: The Refugees of ’68: The U.S. Response to Czechoslovak Refugees during Prague Spring The Public Archive: Texas Czech Culinary Traditions 50 Years Since Prague Spring: Czechoslovak Dreams and Cold War Realities Posted January 13, 2020 More 1900s, Art/Architecture, Blog, Cold War, Europe, Film/Media, Ideas/Intellectual History, Memory, Regions, Topics, Urban, Writers/Literature NOT EVEN PAST is produced by Sign up to receive bi-weekly email updates 19th century 20th Century The Department of History African American History american history Asia THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN Asia & Middle East book review Brazil British Empire We are supported by the College of Liberal Arts China Civil War Cold War Colonialism communism And our READERS cultural history digital history Early Modern Europe Europe film gender history History of Science https://notevenpast.org/presenting-prague-spring-to-the-west-czechoslovak-life-and-socialism-with-a-human-face/[6/23/2020 9:49:35 AM] Presenting Prague Spring to the West: Czechoslovak Life and Socialism with a Human Face - Not Even Past DONATE immigration India Islam Latin America Latin American History Mexico Not Even Past Public History race religion Russia slavery Texas CONTACT Texas History Texas History Day Transnational Twentieth Century History United States US History USSR Womens History All content © 2010-present NOT EVEN PAST and the authors, unless otherwise noted world history World War II BOOKS FILMS & MEDIA THE PUBLIC HISTORIAN BLOG TEXAS https://notevenpast.org/presenting-prague-spring-to-the-west-czechoslovak-life-and-socialism-with-a-human-face/[6/23/2020 9:49:35 AM].
Recommended publications
  • Alternate History – Alternate Memory: Counterfactual Literature in the Context of German Normalization
    ALTERNATE HISTORY – ALTERNATE MEMORY: COUNTERFACTUAL LITERATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF GERMAN NORMALIZATION by GUIDO SCHENKEL M.A., Freie Universität Berlin, 2006 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES (German Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) April 2012 © Guido Schenkel, 2012 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines a variety of Alternate Histories of the Third Reich from the perspective of memory theory. The term ‘Alternate History’ describes a genre of literature that presents fictional accounts of historical developments which deviate from the known course of hi story. These allohistorical narratives are inherently presentist, meaning that their central question of “What If?” can harness the repertoire of collective memory in order to act as both a reflection of and a commentary on contemporary social and political conditions. Moreover, Alternate Histories can act as a form of counter-memory insofar as the counterfactual mode can be used to highlight marginalized historical events. This study investigates a specific manifestation of this process. Contrasted with American and British examples, the primary focus is the analysis of the discursive functions of German-language counterfactual literature in the context of German normalization. The category of normalization connects a variety of commemorative trends in postwar Germany aimed at overcoming the legacy of National Socialism and re-formulating a positive German national identity. The central hypothesis is that Alternate Histories can perform a unique task in this particular discursive setting. In the context of German normalization, counterfactual stories of the history of the Third Reich are capable of functioning as alternate memories, meaning that they effectively replace the memory of real events with fantasies that are better suited to serve as exculpatory narratives for the German collective.
    [Show full text]
  • Download File
    In the Shadow of the Family Tree: Narrating Family History in Väterliteratur and the Generationenromane Jennifer S. Cameron Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2012 2012 Jennifer S. Cameron All rights reserved ABSTRACT In the Shadow of the Family Tree: Narrating Family History in Väterliteratur and the Generationenromane Jennifer S. Cameron While debates over the memory and representation of the National Socialist past have dominated public discourse in Germany over the last forty years, the literary scene has been the site of experimentation with the genre of the autobiography, as authors developed new strategies for exploring their own relationship to the past through narrative. Since the late 1970s, this experimentation has yielded a series of autobiographical novels which focus not only on the authors’ own lives, but on the lives and experiences of their family members, particularly those who lived during the NS era. In this dissertation, I examine the relationship between two waves of this autobiographical writing, the Väterliteratur novels of the late 1970s and 1980s in the BRD, and the current trend of multi-generational family narratives which began in the late 1990s. In a prelude and three chapters, this dissertation traces the trajectory from Väterliteratur to the Generationenromane through readings of Bernward Vesper’s Die Reise (1977), Christoph Meckel’s Suchbild. Über meinen Vater (1980), Ruth Rehmann’s Der Mann auf der Kanzel (1979), Uwe Timm’s Am Beispiel meines Bruders (2003), Stephan Wackwitz’s Ein unsichtbares Land (2003), Monika Maron’s Pawels Briefe (1999), and Barbara Honigmann’s Ein Kapitel aus meinem Leben (2004).
    [Show full text]
  • The Politics of the Contemporary Alternate History Novel
    What Almost Was 63 What Almost Was: The Politics of the Contemporary Alternate History Novel Matthew Schneider-Mayerson Between August of 1995 and July of 1996, Speaker of the House of Rep- resentatives Newt Gingrich published two books. One, To Renew America, a folksy Republican polemic cobbled together from Gingrich’s speeches, served as a sequel to Contract with America, the blueprint of the conservative movement that assumed control of Congress in 1995.1 The other was 1945, coauthored with William R. Forstchen, a novel set in an alternate universe.2 In 1945’s divergent timeline, Germany does not declare war on the United States, the Soviet Union is split into fragments, and the United States and Germany have settled into a cold war. Nazi soldiers parachute into the United States to a capture a nuclear facility in Tennessee, but posses of arms-bearing American veterans successfully defend their country. 1945 was representative of the flourishing genre of alternate history novels in all but two ways: an author’s celebrity and its media exposure. Due to Gingrich’s status as the public leader of the conservative renaissance of the mid-1990s, 1945 was widely reviewed in mainstream publications. Treated as a curiosity and ridiculed for its poor literary quality, very few reviewers noted the libertarian themes in 1945, and even fewer placed it in the context of an inchoate literary genre.3 1995 can be considered the birth year of the alternate history novel as a genre. As a conceptual category, the counterfactual, as historians term their what-if narratives, has been pursued in print since classical Greece, if not earlier.
    [Show full text]
  • 276 the Little Czech and the Great Czech Nation Ladislav Holy
    The differences in the form of the socialist system, in the way in which it ended and in the process of political and economic transformation which is now taking 3 place in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, are the result of the different historical development of these countries and of the different cultures which are the product of this development. The aim of this book is to investigate the specific ways The Little Czech and The Great Czech Nation in which Czech cultural meanings and in particular the notion of Czech identity and Ladislav Holy the accompanying nationalist sentiments have affected life under communism, its overthrow, and the political and economic transformation of post-communist society. Introduction Culture and politics; discourse and text Most of the sociological and political-scientific writing on Central and Eastern In discussing the role of cultural meanings in the post-communist transformation Europe is still grounded in a sociological universalism (Kapferer 1988: 3) which treats of Czech society, I make a distinction between culture and discourse. Following the this region as a politically, economically, and, to some extent, even culturally line of thought developed, among others, by Geertz (1973), Schneider (1976, 1980), undifferentiated whole. Various Central and Eastern European countries up to 1989 and Spiro (1982), I understand culture as a system of collectively held notions, beliefs, had essentially the same political and economic system and at present are undergoing premises, ideas, dispositions, and understandings, This system is not something that what is again seen as essentially the same kind of transformation from a totalitarian is locked in people‟s heads but is embodied in shared symbols which are the main political system to democratic pluralism and from a centrally planned to a market vehicles through which people communicate their worldview, value orientations, and economy.
    [Show full text]
  • Victimhood Through a Creaturely Lens: Creatureliness, Trauma and Victimhood in Austrian and Italian Literature After 1945
    Victimhood through a Creaturely Lens: Creatureliness, Trauma and Victimhood in Austrian and Italian Literature after 1945. Alexandra Julie Hills University College London PhD Thesis ‘ I, ALEXANDRA HILLS confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis.' 1 Acknowledgements I am extremely grateful to the Arts and Humanities Research Council for their continual support of my research thanks to a Research Preparation Award in 2009 and a Collaborative Doctoral Award in the context of the “Reverberations of War” project under the direction of Prof Mary Fulbrook and Dr Stephanie Bird. I also wish to thank the UCL Graduate School for funding two research trips to Vienna and Florence where I conducted archival and institutional research, providing essential material for the body of the thesis. I would like to acknowledge the libraries and archives which hosted me and aided me in my research: particularly, the Literaturarchiv der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Dr. Volker Kaukoreit at the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek who facilitated access to manuscript material, the Wienbibliothek, the Centro Internazionale di Studi Primo Levi in Turin and Florence’s Biblioteca Nazionale. For their constant patience, resourcefulness and assistance, I wish to express my gratitude to staff at UCL and the British libraries, without whom my research would not have been possible. My utmost thanks go to my supervisors, Dr Stephanie Bird and Dr Florian Mussgnug, for their encouragement and enthusiasm throughout my research. Their untiring support helped me develop as a thinker; their helpful responses made me improve as a writer, and I am extremely grateful for their patience.
    [Show full text]
  • "So Spielen Wir Auf Dem Friedhof" | Ilse Aichinger's "Die Grossere Hoffnung" and "The Holocaust Through the Eyes of a Child"
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2002 "So spielen wir auf dem Friedhof" | Ilse Aichinger's "Die grossere Hoffnung" and "The Holocaust through the eyes of a child" Emily P. Sepp The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Sepp, Emily P., ""So spielen wir auf dem Friedhof" | Ilse Aichinger's "Die grossere Hoffnung" and "The Holocaust through the eyes of a child"" (2002). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 1447. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/1447 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. M aureen and iMüke Mmspmm i#BAm The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes" or "No" and provide signature ** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author's Signature: Date: HflU^ 2^0 Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author's explicit consent. 8/98 „...so spielen wir auf dem Friedhof': Use Aichinger's Die grossere Hoffnung the Holocaust through the Eyes of a Child by Emily P.
    [Show full text]
  • Dissertation (Fan Liao)
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE The Paradoxical Peking Opera: Performing Tradition, History, and Politics in 1949-1967 China A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Drama and Theatre by Fan Liao Committee in charge: University of California, San Diego Professor Janet L. Smarr, Chair Professor Paul G. Pickowicz, Co-Chair Professor Nancy A. Guy Professor Marianne McDonald Professor John S. Rouse University of California, Irvine Professor Stephen Barker 2012 The Dissertation of Fan Liao is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication on microfilm and electronically: Co-Chair Chair University of California, San Diego University of California, Irvine 2012 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page……………………………………………………………………………iii Table of Contents……………………………………………………………....................iv Vita………………………………………………………………………………………...v Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………...vi Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapter One………………………………………….......................................................29 Reform of Jingju Old Repertoire in the 1950s Chapter Two……………………………………………………………………………...81 Making History: The Creation of New Jingju Historical Plays Chapter Three…………………………………………………………………………...135 Inventing Traditions: The Creation of New Jingju Plays with Contemporary Themes Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...204 Appendix……………………………………………………………………………….211 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………229 iv VITA 2003
    [Show full text]
  • Joseph A.Schumpeter
    CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY When Joseph Schumpeter’s book first appeared, the New English Weekly predicted that ‘for the next five to ten years it will certainly remain a work with which no one who professes any degree of information on sociology or economics can afford to be unacquainted’. The prophecy has been justified, but how much more fully than its maker anticipated. A generation later, it is more widely read than when it first appeared. The mixed economy has become established in North America as well as in the countries of the European Community, while in the socialist countries there has been a move towards various forms of decentralisation and of a market economy. In this new context the issues that Schumpeter raises are still matters of lively debate. CAPITALISM, SOCIALISM AND DEMOCRACY Joseph A.Schumpeter INTRODUCTION BY RICHARD SWEDBERG Stockholm University London and New York First published in the USA This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2003. First published in the UK in 1943 First impression 1944 Second edition 1947 Third edition 1950 First impression 1952 Fourth edition 1954 Eighth impression 1974 Fifth edition 1976 Third impression 1981 New in paperback 1994 © George Allen & Unwin (Publishers) Ltd 1976 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Using History to Teach Computer Science and Related Disciplines
    Computing Research Association Using History T o T eachComputer Science and Related Disciplines Using History To Teach Computer Science and Related Disciplines Edited by Atsushi Akera 1100 17th Street, NW, Suite 507 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Washington, DC 20036-4632 E-mail: [email protected] William Aspray Tel: 202-234-2111 Indiana University—Bloomington Fax: 202-667-1066 URL: http://www.cra.org The workshops and this report were made possible by the generous support of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation (Award DUE- 0111938, Principal Investigator William Aspray). Requests for copies can be made by e-mailing [email protected]. Copyright 2004 by the Computing Research Association. Permission is granted to reproduce the con- tents, provided that such reproduction is not for profit and credit is given to the source. Table of Contents I. Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………. 1 1. Using History to Teach Computer Science and Related Disciplines ............................ 1 William Aspray and Atsushi Akera 2. The History of Computing: An Introduction for the Computer Scientist ……………….. 5 Thomas Haigh II. Curricular Issues and Strategies …………………………………………………… 27 3. The Challenge of Introducing History into a Computer Science Curriculum ………... 27 Paul E. Ceruzzi 4. History in the Computer Science Curriculum …………………………………………… 33 J.A.N. Lee 5. Using History in a Social Informatics Curriculum ....................................................... 39 William Aspray 6. Introducing Humanistic Content to Information Technology Students ……………….. 61 Atsushi Akera and Kim Fortun 7. The Synergy between Mathematical History and Education …………………………. 85 Thomas Drucker 8. Computing for the Humanities and Social Sciences …………………………………... 89 Nathan L. Ensmenger III. Specific Courses and Syllabi ………………………………………....................... 95 Course Descriptions & Syllabi 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Fascist Art and the Nazi Regime: the Use of Art to Enflame War”
    “Fascist Art and the Nazi Regime: The Use of Art to Enflame War” A thesis submitted to the Art History Faculty of the College of Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning University of Cincinnati In candidacy for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History Stephanie Petcavage April 2016 Thesis Chair: Dr. Todd Herzog Abstract For centuries, political leaders have used propaganda to promote ideology and acts of military aggression. In his studies of this concept, Walter Benjamin, in his aestheticization theory of historical experience and sense perception focused on Nazi Germany’s use of aesthetics politics and propaganda to redefine the political as the autonomous realm of absolute power over ethical norms. The Third Reich manipulated Nazi culture and aesthetics to create a backdrop for political ideology and the coordination of all cultural expressions during the Nazi period. Under Hitler and the realm of the Third Reich, fascist politics infiltrated the arts and film industry tapping its access to the masses. Two events most indicative of the exploitation of art for propaganda use were the Great German Art Exhibition and the syndication of Leni Riefenstahl’s film Triumph of the Will. Discussed in this paper is Hitler’s use of art as a tool to influence the populace and recruit support for his cause. Using a qualitative method and a sociological case study research design supported by a critical literature review and the conceptual framework of Benjamin’s theory of Aestheticization of Politics under German Fascism, I examine how Nazi propaganda, using the arts of the time selectively apportions acceptance of its social members.
    [Show full text]
  • The Conceptual Change of Conscience
    Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts edited by Thomas Duve, Hans-Peter Haferkamp, Joachim Rückert und Christoph Schönberger 106 Ville Erkkilä The Conceptual Change of Conscience Franz Wieacker and German Legal Historiography 1933–1968 Mohr Siebeck Ville Erkkilä, born 1978; post-doctoral researcher at the Center for European Studies, Univer- sity of Helsinki. ISBN 978-3-16-156691-2 / eISBN 978-3-16-156692-9 DOI 10.1628/978-3-16-156692-9 ISSN 0934-0955 / eISSN 2569-3875 (Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts) The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data are available at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Mohr Siebeck Tübingen. www.mohrsiebeck.com This book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that permitted by copyright law) without the publisher’s written permission. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronicsystems. The book was printed on non-aging paper and bound by Gulde-Druck in Tübingen. Printed in Germany. Abstract This is a history of the ideas of German legal historian Franz Wieacker. The broader aim of this study is to analyze the intellectual context in which Wieack- er’s texts were situated, thus the German legal scientific discourse from 1933 to 1968. In this study Franz Wieacker’s texts are analyzed in the light of his corre- spondence and the broader social historical change of the twentieth century Ger- many. The study concentrates on the intertwinement of his scientific works with the contemporary society, as well as on the development of his personal percep- tion of continuity and meaning in history.
    [Show full text]
  • History Module Level II Volume 2
    Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education History Module Level II Volume 2 Lifelong and Continuing Education 2020 INTRODUCTION This module has been made possible by the Department of Non Formal Education with the assistance from teachers from the Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MoPSE) and members of staff from Curriculum Development Technical Services (CDTS). The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education (MoPSE) remains committed to fulfilling the needs of Open Distance Learning (ODL) through introducing interactive ODL materials. Emphasis is given to providing improved access and quality Education to every non formal learner bridging the gap between time and space as guided by the learning areas’ syllabus. This will subsequently contribute to bringing about meaningful transformation in the lives of many Zimbabwean learners. We hope that this module will inspire you to study and develop lifelong skills which will make you imbued with values, ethics and a sense of national identity as a Zimbabwean. I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education wishes to acknowledge the following for their valued contribution in the production of this Non Formal Education Level 2 History Module. · Mr. Tagara Curriculum Development and Technical Services Coordinator · Mrs. Msengezi- Mashango V( MPO History ) Curriculum Development and Technical Services · Mr Nyawasha Teacher St Pauls Musami High · Mrs. J Chinhavi Teacher Chinorumba High · Mrs. G Masiyiwa Teacher Dzivarasekwa 1 High · Zimbabwe School Examinations Council (ZIMSEC) · United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) II How to use this module? As you start this journey of acquiring a qualification in Ordinary Level History through open distance learning, it is critical that you understand the need to manage your study time and balance it with your day-to-day activities.
    [Show full text]