February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3071' of America to the United Nations with the Under Secretary of State for Economic tiary of the United States of America to rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary Affairs. Italy. and Plenipotentiary, and the Representative Donald Rumsfeld, of Illinois, to be the U. Alexis Johnson, of California, a Foreign of the United States of America 1n the Se­ U.S. Permanent Representative on the Coun­ Service Officer of the Class of Career Am­ curity Council of the United Nations. cil of the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza· bassador, to be Ambassador at Large. Kenneth Rush, of New York, to be Deputy tion, with the rank and status of Ambassador Secretary of State. Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary. (The above nominations were approved William J. Porter, of Massachusetts, a For­ John N. Irwin II, of New York, to be Am­ subject to the nominees' commitment to eign Service officer of the class of career bassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary minister, to be Under Secretary of State for of the United States of America to France. respond to requests to appear and testify Political Affairs. John A. Volpe, of Massachusetts, to be before any duly constituted committee of Wi111am J. Casey, of New York, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipoten- the Senate.)

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS DEATH OF RALPH J. MENCONI verse and the famous Liberty Tree on the Academy of Design in 1941, a grant from the reverse, proved extremely popular with the Louis Comfort Tiffany Foundation in 1947, public and 547,322 orders were received for and a won a competition for the National HON. MARK 0. HATFIELD the 1¥:i-inch bronze memento the first Jefferson Expansion Memorial, 1947-48. OF OREGON month alone. His funeral service was conducted Novem­ His Men in Space series, commemorating ber 21 at the Emanuel Lutheran Church in IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES the flights of Apollo, were also popular. Pleasantville beneath a pair of reredos he had Wednesday, January 31, 1973 Apollo 11 through 16 each had been memo­ designed and donated. rialized on a fine art medal by Menconl, For Ralph Joseph Menconi his works will Mr. HATFIELD. Mr. President, in No­ with portraits of the astronauts and scenes live on for a long time for his admirers to vember 1972 a man who I have admired from their walks on the moon, lift off, splash remember. for his distinctive creative ability died down, and support teams. of a heart attack, and in memory of his In fact, Mr. Menconi had completed a week friendship and in tribute to his work, I before his death, the models on the Apollo BICYCLE TRANSPORTATION ACT ask unanimous consent that the press re­ 17 medal, the launching of which had been OF 1973 lease by the Medallic Art Co., of Connec­ announced for December 6 and a planned walk on the 1unar surface December 11 ticut, which was issued following Mr. through 13. Ralph J. Menconi's death be printed in He often worked ahead of schedule, and for HON. EDWARD I. KOCH the Extensions of Remarks. him a deadline in the production of an art OF NEW YORK There being no obj ectior., the release medal was something to beat. He was always was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, cooperative according to the employees of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as follows: Meda.Ilic Art Company, which had produced Wednesday, January 31, 1973 all his medals other than the mint medal. RALPH J. MENCONI "SCULPTOR OF PRESIDENTS" Mr. KOCH. Mr. Speaker, I would like DIES AT 67 He worked well with clients, other artists and associates. to bring to the attention of my col­ (By D. Wayne Johnson) The tasks he had set for himself over the leagues a bill I introduced today, H.R. Ralph J. Menconi, who had been called last decade would have been gruelling for a 692, with 28 cosponsors, entitled the Bi­ the "sculptor of presidents" for his medallic lesser man. Since 1962 he had produced a cyle Transportation Act of 1973. work bearing the portraits of all the United minimum of a pair of models a month for his This bill would allow States and com­ States presidents and for the official presi­ various series (all issued by Presidential Art munities to use highway trust fund dential medals including the NiXon Inaugural Medals of Vandalia, Ohio), plus accepting Medal, died of a heart attack in his home single commissions for medals, plus other moneys for the development of bicycle town of Pleasantville, New York, November sculptural commissions, often of heroic pro- lanes or paths. It also provides that such 18. He was 57 years old. · . portions, plus he was active in civic, profes­ funds can be used for the construction Mr. Menconi, who was a prolific medallist, sional, numismatic and cultural affairs. of bicycle shelters and parking facilities, was also a noted sculptor and active in the His most recent commissions prior to his and for bicycle traffic control devices. National Sculpture Society. He was first vice­ death were a medal for the United States The concept of this bill is essentially the president of that group of professional Capitol Historical Society-to be released artists, a position he had held since 1968, same as that underlying the develop­ later this year-and a fountain for Pace Col­ ment of preferential bus lanes in our and had been active in its educational activi­ lege on Park Row in New York City. Previous­ ties among others. ly this year he had also prepared portrait highway system. Federally aided bicycle It was his medals issued in uniform suc­ models of Senator Mark O. Hatfield (he had lanes would be constructed so as to be cession, beginning with a series on U.S. presi­ donated the models to him, the two are close part of an interstate system, an ABC dents, which had brought him his most friends), J. Edgar Hoover, as a memorial road, or a designated urban system. public acclaim, particularly among the col­ medal, W. Clement Stone for the Combined Bicycles are an important transporta­ lecting fraternity of America. He had be­ Insurance Co:rr.pany of America, V. M. Gold· tion resource and can make a definite gun-and had completed-the series of 36 schmidt for the Geochemical Society and presidents and a series of 50 statehood contribution to municipal transporta­ Judson B. Branch. tion-they should not simply be regarded medals. He had come within ten medals of He had maintained memberships in the completing a series on all 56 Signers of the National Sculpture Society since 1950, The as only recrea.tion vehicles. Many com­ Declaration of Independence; and he created, Century Association since 1965, the Muni­ muters, when given the option of safe within the last year, 16 of a projected 25 bicycle travel, will choose to pedal to medals on the Great Religions of the World, cipal Art Society of New York (where he was a theme which particularly held his interest. a director 1954-60) since 1950, the American work rather than ride by car or bus. In all, Mr. Menconi must have produced Numismatic Association since 1962 and the One of the nice things about bicycling in the la.st 20 years over 600 medallic models Collectors of Art Medals since its inception, is that it has benefits in addition to the resulting in nearly 300 fine art medals-a 1970. transportation it provides; these include record unsurpassed by any contemporary For the American Numismatic Society he its contribution to mental and physical artist in America. had served on their standing committee on health and the lessening of air pollution While his knowledge varied over wide medals for two years, 1967-68. Awards had recently been conferred upon and crowding. It is remarkable that we areas he had taken a specific interest in the have a vehicle that emits no pollution, coming celebrations of the bicentennial of him, particularly in the last two years, rec­ American Independence, undoubtedly ognizing his sculptural and medallic accom­ makes no noise, takes up little room, and spurred by his researches for his series on the plishments. He received l. Doctor of Fine Arts even contributes to the physical fitness Signers of the Declaration. from Hamilton College, where he once at­ of the rider. And when provided with He was a panel member o! the coins and tended, the Michelangelo Award from the their own bicycle lanes, bicycles have a Sons of Columbus, and the Sculptor of the very low accident rate. medals committee of the national American Year from the American Numismatic Associa­ Revolution Bicentennial Commission. He had tion, all in 1971. There is a danger, however, for cyclists also produced the first medal for the Com, In 1972 he had received the Freedoms who are forced to use roads heavily con­ mission, one recently struck by the U.S. Mint Foundation Award for Historic Medals and gested with automobiles. And thus, if bi­ and released to the public early in October. the Golden Plate Award from the American cycle transportation is to be encouraged, The bicentennial medal, with a portrayal Academy of Achievement. Previously he had we need to develop bicycle lanes and of Houdon's bust of Washington on the ob- received the Speyer Award from the National paths. 3072 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 Perhaps the most famous bicycle city concerning further large Russian pur­ You meet selfishness and stupidity and hy­ in this country is Davis, Calif. This city chases of wheat and other U.S. farm pocrisy. You feel frustration and disgust, and of 24,000 persons and approximately 18,- products. If these purchases come about, you want to say "the hell with it." But if we speak out, if we become involved, believe me, 000 bicycles has undergone a concen­ I feel that the Government should make we will find no greater joy or satisfaction trated effort to develop bicycle trans­ certain the full competitive prices are than knowing that we are working to make a portation, and it has become an impor­ charged-that never again will the U.S. contribution to our fellow man. To our city. tant part of the city's transportation taxpayers and housewives be placed in Our state. And, as a result, to our nation and system. Bicycles represent 40 percent the position of subsidizing the food pro­ what we will again call, proudly, the Ameri­ of all traffic, and, during rush hour, 90 duction failures of the Soviet economic can way of life. percent of all riders are adults. In Davis and agricultural system. We are seeing City the development of bicycle paths the effects of this kind of business in the was welcomed by both cyclists and auto­ past in today's markups in the bakeries mobile drivers, and they are almost and supermarkets. A PLEA FOR HIGHWAY FUNDS unanimously regarded as desirable safety features. HON. JAMES R. JONES The bicycle phenomena of Davis City OF OKLAHOMA should be our goal for every city in this REAFFIRMATION country. Passage of H.R. 692 will help us IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to accomplish this goal. I hope, there­ HON. BILL FRENZEL Wednesday, January 31, 1973 fore, that final action will be taken on Mr. JONES of Oklahoma. Mr. Speaker, this bill in the 93d Congress. OF MINNESOTA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am sure that every Member of Congress will agree that the failure of the last Wednesday, January 31, 1973 Congress to give final approval to the highway bill has created a situation that NEVER AGAIN Mr. FRENZEL. Mr. Speaker, a recent edition of the New York Times carried must not be allowed to continue. This an excerpt from an address by Jeno F. failure has created consternation among Paulucci, a Minnesota businessman. With officials in the State of Oklahoma and HON. JOSEPH M. GAYDOS has thrown a cloak of uncertainty about OF PENNSYLVANIA the expectation that some of my col­ leagues may be interested in this for­ the entire highway program. Coherent IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ward-thinking presentation, I hav..e in­ planning of future construction is im­ Wednesday, January 31, 1973 serted the Times article as follows: possible. Mr. GAYDOS. Mr. Speaker, included REAFFIBMATION Recently, the Legislature of the State 1n the various items having to do with BY JENO F. PAULUCCI of Oklahoma passed a concurrent reso­ the sharp increase in American living DULUTH, MINN.-We say no industry lution expressing its dismay at this sit­ costs is the long expected boost in the achieves excellence in employment practices uation and its hope for immediate relief. retail prices of baked goods. if it does not fulfill its responsibility, its obli­ As a reminder to the Members of the gation, to help the people who make its busi­ urgency of the situation, I insert this A recent checkup by my office in my ness possible. Not only the people who work congressional district showed pennies resolution in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: from the company, but the people who buy A CONCURRENT REsOLUTION EXPRESSING SUP­ . being added daily to products all over what it produces. PORT FOR PASSAGE OF THE FEDERAL-Am HIGH­ the bakery counters from the popular We say that industry must work-con­ WAY ACT BY THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED pound loaf of bread to the fancy frosted stantly, tirelessly, stubbornly-to make its STATES, AND URGING THE OK.LAHOMA CON­ doughnuts. In other words, the rising area a better place to live and to earn a living. GRESSIONAL DELEGATION TO TAKE ALL STEPS price of wheat, brought on by the heavy Industry must spend. Spend money, spend To INSURE ITS PASSAGE time, spend talent, spend energy. And we Russian purchases here, finally is hav­ must go beyond our own areas. We must Whereas, the continuation of the highway ing impact on the food budgets of our look at industry as a whole. We must see program in the State of Oklahoma is heavily people. what is happening to industry in America, dependent upon the availability of Federal­ This is of particular significance to me and if we see evils in what is happening, we aid Highway Funds; and because it brings to bear the very sit­ must fight against them. Whereas, the funding provisions of the Let's skip the pious talk about "people's Federal-aid Highway Act of 1970 expire upon uation I warned of on the floor of the June 30, 1973; and House of Representatives last Septem­ capitalism," about the orphans and widows and wounded war veterans who live off' a Whereas, the Congress of the United States ber as the wheat sales to the Soviet Un­ share of America's profits. We know better, was unable to enact a Federal-aid Highway ion got under way. I pointed out then don't we, you and I? We know that corporate Act of 1972 during its 92d Session; and that, through the generosity of our Gov­ profits go to stockholders. We know that 82.4 Whereas, due to the failure of Congress to ernment, the Russian buyers were get­ per cent of the publicly held shares in our pass such an act, after June 30, 1973, no Fed­ ting supposedly surplus U.S. wheat at nation's corporations are owned by about 1.6 eral-aid Highway Funds shall be available approximately 50 cents a bushel less per cent of our adult population. for apportionment from the Highway Trust than it cost the U.S. taxpayers. And with this knowledge and sense of ob­ Fund to the states unless the Congress takes ligation to our country and its people and its immediate steps to enact a Federal-aid High­ Federal subsidies, plus interest and future, what can we do about it? We in in­ way Act. storage charges paid by our taxpayers, dustry, large and small, can get busy rather Now, therefore, be it resolved by the Senate made possible this bargain for the Rus­ than just waiting for Government to do that of the 1st session of the 34th Oklahoma sians. By agreement, they bought our which must be done if we are to survive as a Legislature, the House of Representatives wheat at the world price which prevailed nation of free enterprise. concurring therein: at the time the deal was made and thus Industry has the economic strength, the Section 1. The State of Oklahoma is in became protected from the increases ability, the know-how and the influence to urgent and critical need of the continuation become involved in helping to solve our social of Federal funds to assist in its highway pro­ which their purchases inevitably gen­ problems before government doles to those gram, and that without such funds it will be erated. Meanwhile, our bakers found who refuse to contribute to our society turn impossible to continue same, except at a their costs of flour soaring and now, us into a total socialistic state. Our only in­ greatly reduced pace. despite earlier efforts of the Cost of Liv­ surance against that end is by industry be­ Section 2. The Oklahoma Delegation to the ing Council to prevent it, are passing the coming involved. Congress of the United States of America is increase on to the public. Thus, we We all know what we must do. respectfully urged and requested to take Americans are paying at the check-out We can first recognize and admit that every available step to insure the passage of counters for this favoritism shown our profit is not our only responsibility of busi­ a Federal-aid Highway Act at the earliest former Cold War enemies. ness. We can work to revive our stagnant possible time. cities by becoming involved. We can press our Section 3. A copy of this Resolution shall I bring this to attention today for a legislators until they see that the growing be given to each member of the Oklahoma purpose. The Wall Street Journal, in a evil of welfare abuse is stopped so that au Congressional Delegation. recent issue, reported that rumors are who can work do work. Adopted by the Senate the 10th day of rife in the U.S. commodities markets It isn't easy to try to change a sick society. January, 1973. February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3073 FOR THIS LITTLE PEACE SAY. thought to find somewhere a commentator all is fragile. A failed peace would prove them "THANKS BE TO GOD" :who would cry "Hallelujah!" If there was prescient. such, I somehow missed him. Anyway, a strange mood indeed. I suppose On one network the newsmen were so some of it inevitable. World War I ended HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON stunned they seemed unable to come up with with the illusion that the world had been OF NEW YORK that instant analysis for which they are so made safe for democracy. Even World War famous although they had known the whole II, ending with a bang, could spur riotous IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES day long the substance of what the President celebration, for that time surely with all our W-ednesday, January 31, 1973 would say. On another, the gloom was so enemies confounded, it seemed a peace that thick you could cut it with a knife; long could last. This time the ten, long, weary Mr. ROBISON of New York. Mr. drawn faces suggesting they did not know years of war dribble to an end and there are Speaker, as one who welcomed s.o enthu­ now what terrible things portended after the no illusions left. siastically-and with true feelings of peace. So it went; the calling up of the This time, too, there is the difference that thanksgiving-the end, at last, of the difficulties, the doubts, the problems un­ the whole nation was not involved in the American involvement in former Indo­ resolved, as if the future looked darker than suffering of war. Those who died in Vietnam china, I confess I have been a bit puzzled the day before. seemed chosen by a capricious fate; at home Then I listened to the questions fired at most of the nation went its way in undis­ by certain aspects of the public reaction. Henry Kissinger in that remarkable press turbed prosperity. The horrors of war were Perhaps the puzzling aspects of that conference. When he had finished his hour's there but abstract, 1leeting pictures on a TV reaction are centered here in the Wash­ detailed accounting of what had been accom­ tube. For most Americans their lives this ington community-making us more plished and what had not, some questioners week are no different from last week. aware of them. For this is a special com­ seemed almost desperately searching for Yet for all that, some of the reaction was munity, as those of us who have lived Catch 22. That is, some place where Mr. strange indeed. Not merely subdued, as befits here a time should know, as well as one Kissinger or the President had blundered, the occasion. Not merely one of caution not necessarily representative of the some weak spot in the agreement to bolster against euphoria. From some of what I read prophecies that it would all fall apart. and heard I might have supposed-had I not country-at-large. Last weekend, for in­ Next, to the newspaper editorialists and known otherwise-that the peace that comes stance, my wife, and I, having read in com.mentators. Here I did find more va­ was thought as bad as the war that was. the newspapers we get from "up home" riety among those I was able to read, a more As for myself, I too know that this is a that there were to be local church serv­ widespread mingling of relief and gratitude. peace without victory. I know well that it is ices to mark the event of the cease-fire The Washington Post hailed the peace a fragile peace. But after four wars in my with thankfulness, if not rejoicing, felt as a "time for giving thanks." and though a lifetime I know that every peace is fragile we, too, should attend such a service here. critic of President Nixon gave him gener­ and yet a little peace is better than none. ous credit for that day of thanksgiving, in So I, for one, rejoice. And for this little peace We wanted to do so because, quite sin­ say, "Thanks be to God." cerely, our hearts were full with the joy Tulsa, 1.a Birmingham, in Minneapolis, in Los Angeles the peace was welcomed even and relief that came, as far as we were among newspapers thinking the war itself a concerned, with the end of our Nation's tragedy. Some, like the Boston Globe, were longest and, in so many ways, costliest moved to thank the President for his "per­ SALUTE TO SOUTHERN COUNCIL OF war. severance in getting us out." OPTOME.'TRISTS The logical place to go, it seemed to But neither thankfulness nor gratitude us in many ways, was to the Washington was the universal welcome to the peace. The Cathedral where the service we felt sure New York Times, a critic of the President, Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY was a critic still; it offered an editorial of would be held would have certain na­ OF MISSISSIPPI praise for Henry Kissinger, none for Mr. tipnal overtones we could not catch else­ Nixon, as if the one were independent of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES where. So, at 7 p.m. last Saturday eve­ other. Wednesday. January 31, 1973 ning, there we were-along with some For the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the mo­ other disappointed people-but standing ment of peace was marred by recalling "Mr. Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, the outside the cathedral whicr. was dark, Nixon's shameful act," his "monstrous deed" golden anniversary of the Southern Ed­ and with all doors shut tight although of bombing North Vietnam, whether or not ucational Congress of Optometry begins the cathedral bells were pealing. Given it contributed to Hanoi's final agreement. February 2, 1973, in Atlanta, Ga. This Dean Sayre's activities-so well publi­ That paper found no merit in the chance is a special event which deserves recog­ South Vietnam may now have of preserving nition by the House of Representatives cized in recent years-against American its independence; "the honorable course involvement in Indochina, we found this would have been to let the Vietnamese alone; and everyone who values the joy of puzzling. But, in lieu of further com­ saving that, to have withdrawn years ago." seeing. ment along such lines on my part, I will Meanwhile, the hosannas from the Ful­ A constituent of mine, Dr. L. B. Ad­ let Vermont Royster's thoughtful col­ brights and the McGoverns over the arrival kins of Union, Miss., is president of the umn in today's Wall Street Journal­ of peace were-well, let us say restrained. Southern Council of Optometrists, the as now set forth-say the rest of it for They were among those wanting the war sponsoring organization of this annual me. ended long ago, unilaterally, at whatever price. That in the end the settlement was a program which has now completed a The article follows: little better than that, achieving some con­ half century of service to its members THE Moon OF PEACE cessions from Hanoi we never thought we'd and to the visual welfare of citizens So it is over. Or let us hope so. The Amer­ get, all that seems to have brought no joy throughout 12 Southern and Southeast­ ican fighting in that long, tragic war in to their hearts. ern States. Vietnam. Elsewhere I listened for but heard of no The real significance of this 50th an­ The bombing has stopped. Our soldiers gathering of the once noisy war-protesters niversary lies in the fact that the South­ are on their way home from the battle­ having their Joyous, swinging celebrations ern Educational Congress is one of the ground. Our prisoners of war are. being re­ that the peace they sought has come at last. leased. For a little time, anyway, the guns They seem to have slipped quietly away with Nation's earliest and most successful of war are silenced. the mood of those suddenly bereft of a cause. continuing education programs for And yet the rejoicing has been muted. It's sad to say, but the impression is left­ health professionals. Through this year­ More strangely, in some places among some unjustly, I fervently hope-that there are ly event, optometrists from all over the people, even grudging. those who would be happier with a shat­ South have an opportunity to hear top­ We have heard the rejoicing among those tered peace than a peace that lasts. A peace flight lecturers on every aspect of opto­ who but for the cease-fire would have seen that lasts would have to be credited to Rich­ metric practice, including pathology, their sons going off to Vietnam, among ard Nixon, to the slow, patient, tough policy contact lenses, low vision, and children's those who these long years have waited of those past four years. A peace that crum­ for husbands and fathers to come home bles would put him once again in the dock learning disabilities, to mention only a from prison camps; theirs the pent-up tears for pillorying. few. They learn of new techniques and of relief and Joy. But less rejoicing, curi­ A peace that crumbles would also show instrumentation designed to help them ously, from many who clamored loudest for the perception of those who, rising above do .an increasingly better job of caring the war to end on any terms whatever. such simple emotions as relief, warn us now for their patients. After President Nixon spoke to us that of that hidden dangers in this provision or At a time when our Nation is under­ evening telling us that at long last a peace that in the agreement, who remind us that going a serious crisis in health care, it agreement had been reached, I flipped my all of Indochina is still unstable, that Sai­ is gratifying to see America's third larg­ television dial from network to network. I gon is weak, that Hanoi is determined, that est independent health p1:0fession mov- XIX--195-Part 3 3074 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 ing forward with new plans, new ideas, DANIELS) , chairman of the Select Sub­ still was not free. Remember he had run and new approaches to solving the prob­ committee on Labor and I anticipate away from his master, so even though he now lems which are elements of their crisis: hearings on this bill and urge our col­ lived in New Bedford, Massachusetts, he was underutilization of manpower, maldis­ leagues to join us in helping to develop a still a fugitive. He spoke with so much intelligence that tribution of health professionals, and in­ positive approach toward dealing with people who heard him doubted that he had efficiencies in the health care delivery this critical problem within our society. even been a slave; they said he was too well system. The Southern Council of Op­ educated. So Frederick wrote his experiences tometrists is doing a praiseworthy job as a slave and they were published in a book. of helping to overcome these concerns Then he was in more danger than ever of through its annual Southern Educa­ AFRO-AMERICAN HISTORY being recaptured. Therefore his friends of tional Congress and by dedicated work the Anti-Slavery Society sent him to Europe throughout the year. to lecture. In England he met many educated HON. WILLIAM (BILL) CLAY people and the people came in large crowds I congratulate the Southern Council OF MISSOURI to hear him speak. One group raised money of Optometrists, its president, officers IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and sent it to the United States to buy his and members on the occasion of the or­ freedom. Then Frederick Douglass was really ganization's 50th anniversary. I know Wednesday, January 31, 1973 free at last. they look forward to another half cen­ Mr. CLAY. Mr. Speaker, the week of The year 1847 found Douglass and his fam­ tm-y of professional progress, and I wish Februa1-y 11-17 has been set aside for ily living in Rochester, New York. In that them well. year he started publishing an anti-slavery study and reflection on Afro-American newspaper called "The North Star," later history. changed to "Frederick Douglass' Paper." To commemorate this occurrence, the Rochester is located on the southern border St. Louis American newspaper is carry­ of Lake Ontario, very near to Canada. So the CORRECTIONAL MANPOWER AND ing a special feature on a famous black Douglass home became a part of a secret EMPLOYMENT ACT OF 1973 American each week until February 15. movement to help runaway slaves escape to I would like to join in this commemor­ freedom in Canada. This process was called HON. MARVIN L. ESCH ation by including this highlight of Afro­ Underground Railroad. OF MICHIGAN American history in the CONGRESSIONAL IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RECORD. I begin with the first in the series-a spotlight of Frederick Douglass. Wednesday, January 31, 1973 The article follows: THE B-1-DOES THE UNITED STATES NEED IT? Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, I have today MAN OF DESTINY: DOUGLASS joined with the gentleman from New In February, 1817, a little black boy was Jersey (Mr. DANIELS) in introducing the born at Tuckahoe, on the Eastern Shore Correctional Manpower and Employ­ of Maryland. He was the child of a white HON. DONALD M. FRASER ment Act of 1973. This bill is essentially father whom he never knew, and a black OF MINNESOTA the same as H.R. 13690 which we co­ slave mother, so he was born a slave. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES The black child, whose last name was sponsored last Congress. Bailey, changed it to Douglass after he had Wednesday, January 31, 1973 As I have pointed out in previous re­ grown up and run way to Massachusetts. We marks, the annual cost of crime in Amer­ know him as Frederick Douglass, an impor­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, volume No. ica is staggering. The retail industry is tant writer, editor, lecturer, Marshal of the 1 of the Center for Defense Information's spending approximately $1.5 billion a District of Columbia, Recorder of Deeds, and "The Defense Monitor" analyzes the year for prevention equipment and serv­ diplomat. We also point with pride to the need for the B-1 manned bomber. This ices to combat shoplifting. Cargo and fact that he helped to free the slaves, then January 22 newsletter will be a useful baggage losses in interstate transporta­ worked to get civil rights and voting rights tool for Members for the CDI does its tion costs Americans millions of dollars for black people. He is often called the great­ usual fine job of presenting accurate in­ est black leader of the United States until formation and sound analysis. in losses each year, while drug-related he died in 1895. crimes cost the public another $5 billion But let us go back to Frederick's childhood. While the complete newsletter text annually. In addition to these direct He lived with his grandparents until he was follows my remarks, the first four costs of crime, there is the loss of wages, 7 or 8. Then it was time for him to start his graphic charts are not reproduced. These medical, and related expenses for the life as a slave. He wore only a little dirty charts are quite useful and Members victim of crime, and other hidden costs dress for clothing, and the little black slaves who have not received a copy of the to the economy. were forced to eat scraps of food from a newsletter should be able to get one from It is estimated that Federal, State, and pig trough. He slept on the floor in a closet the CDI at 201 Massachusetts Avenue to keep warm. NE. local criminal justice systems require ap­ Of course Frederick was not sent to school. proximately $6 billion a year just to pro­ He did have one mistress who taught him the [From the Defense Monitor, volume 2, vide crime prevention services and to letters of the alphabet, and he studied hard No. 1, Jan. 22, 1973] process the staggering volume of crim­ himself. He would ask questions of several DEFENSE MONITOR IN BRIEF inal cases in the courts and social agen­ white boys who would pronounce a word The U.S. Air Force is forecasting the ex­ cies. I believe that in order to prevent for him or tell him what it meant. penditure of $11 billion to buy 244 new this type of inordinate expenditure, and If you had known this man I think you B-1 bombers over the next ten years. would have liked him. He was more resource­ The Center for Defense Information anal­ to prevent the waste of precious human ful than most of the other slaves that he ysis of the proposed B-1 bomber indicates: resources, that it is necessary to stop the knew because he was the only one who The Air Force has not proved a need for revolving doors of crime. Our penal in­ learned to read and write. He was brave the B-1, nor has it proved the urgency of stitutions should not be regarded as enough to fight back when the beatings of 1980 deployment. higher institutions of crime where of­ slavery became unbearable. And he was for­ Bombers are no longer the primary ele­ f enders are schooled in criminal skills. tunate enough to fall in love with a free ment of U.S. strategic forces because of mis­ I have joined in introducing the Cor­ black girl named Anna Murray, who helped sile improvements. Furthermore, the ABM rectional Manpower and Employment him escape from slavery. He was brilliant treaty limited missile defense, makng the Act of 1973 in order to: first, increase and.militant, but he had a warm heart. bomber less important as a "hedge" against His free life began in 1838 when he was ICBM- SLBM failure. the employment skills of offenders; and about 21 years of age. He and Anna married Modernization of 300 B-52 G/ H series air­ second, to upgrade the quality and num­ the same year and lived together until her craft makes them as useful as the B-1 ber of correctional personnel. The cor­ death in 1882. They had five children, Ros­ through the 1980's. rectional manpower bill is designed to etta, Lewis Henry, Frederick, Jr., Charles, Late model B- 52 bombers can penetrate develop new methods and approaches for and Annie. Little Annie died when she was Soviet air defenses. With improvements un­ aiding criminal off enders and to break 10 years old but the others grew up to be derway, the B-52 will nearly equal the pro­ the revolving doors of crime through ade­ useful citizens in Washington, D.C. posed B-l's penetration capability. In 1841 Frederick Douglass was 24. He Under present programs, the nuclear quate skill training, supportive services, joined the abolitionists, the band of men and weapon capability of the B-52 will double and employment assistance. women who were speaking out against slav­ by the 1980's. The gentleman from New Jersey (Mr. ery. He became a great public speaker but he The proposed B- 1 would fly faster wl'th February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS -3075 better overaU performance than the B-52 population and industrial concentrations, ,equipment that is only theoretically effective. aircraft, but this improvement in perform­ approximately 2,500 nuclear weapons would Relatively high losses of B-52's flying against ance is not significant beca'l,lse both bombers be required for destruction of about 90 % of North Vietnam's concentrated air defenses in would carry the same stand-off weapons. the urban/industrial capability of China. and December 1972 have raised questions about B-:-1 performance advantages over the B-52 88,000,000 people. Therefore, if both .Russia the ability of bombers to survive the even G/H are not compelling reasons for pro­ and China were to be struck simultaneously, more sophistica-ted surface-to-air missile and duction of the new aircraft. the U.S. would require a maximum of 4,500 interceptor nets of the Soviet Union. But Air Force plans for future use of B-52s nuclear weapons. Without the additional ca­ the aircraft tactics for a nuclear war are far are in doubt. The B-1 may be added to the pability provided by the B-1, the U.S. could different from the tactics used to carpet bomb B-52 G/H force, increasing the number of have three times enough weapons to destroy North Vietnam with "conventional" ordnance bombers available in the 1980's. both China and .Russia. With the additioll1!.l delivered by a form-ation of aircraft. Single Replacing an B-52 bombers with the B-1 capability of the B-1 bomber, the U.S. would strategic bombers, arriving over the USSR bomber would add only 1140 nuclear weapons have four times the nucleaT weapons needed long after U.S. missile forces have completed in the 19BO's. to destroy both China and Russia. their destructive tasks and after defenses The proposed supersonic B-! bomber is de­ CURRENT BOMBER FORCE have been wealcened, probably would be rela­ signed to accomplish the sa;me strategic mis­ tively safe from interception. The question sion as the subsonic .B-52. In the U.S. strategic force, there are about rem.ains whether the bombers' added nuclear Each B-1 bomber would cost $45,000,000. .1150 B-52 bombers. Of this number, less than weapons would be needed to insure the de­ Each B-52 bomber cost $8,000,000. 150 bombers are the older D series used in struction of the Soviet Union. The proposed B-1 bomber design shows a bombing Vietnam. There are approximately 300 modernized B-52 G/H bombers. In addi­ swing wing. (Both the FB-111 :fighter CHART V. - AVERAGE HOURS OF FLIGHT TIME FOR B-52 tion, there are more than 70 new .FB-111 bomber :and 1ihe N.avy F-14 fighter hav.e the BOMBERS innovative swing wing; the new Air Force bombers. The strategic bomber force cur­ F-15 :fighter has a fixed win£.) rently can carry nearly 2,000 nuclear weap­ ons. The Air Force is modifying '300 of tbe 1972 19l!O 1990 The number of weapons in the U.S. stra­ Series (actual) 1 (predicted)~ (predicted) 2 tegic force is increasing at a .rapid rate and B-52 bombers to carry 1,000 more nuclear can be predicted to continue this trend into weapons. Under another proposed Air Force o______the 1980's. program to build the new SCAD missile, an F______9, 000 12, 150 ------The resultant slight increase in overall U.S. additional 1,000 nuclear weapons would be 9, 000 12, 150 ------carrted by the B-52 bombers for a 'total of HG______------_- '5, 400 8, 850 13, 050 strategic . offensive capability which would 4, 600 7, 750 12, 250 be provided by the B-il. bomber would cost 4,060. FB-111 bombers can carry an addition­ al 200 nuclear weapons. at least $U billion. USAF data. While the U.S. has 531 heavy bombers, the 130MBER CAPABILITIES 2 USAF average annual flight times used for predictions. Soviet Union has only 140. On a typica1 strategic mission, a B-52 Note: The B-52/G/H .series ha11e thousands of flying ltours would require 11 hours to travel the 5,000 remaining before they must be retired. '.!'HE B-1-DOF.S UNITED STATES NEED IT? miles f.rom base to target. Intercontinental missiles ne-ed but 30 minutes from launch ABOUT $6 BILLION "FOR B--52 MODERNIZATION If the programs Pentagon spokesmen have point to target. Sea-based missiles on station About 800 of the B-52's in the U.S. Strategic requested are an ig>proved, the Unfted States require 15 minutes to bit the same Soviet Air Command are the more modern G/H .could have 18,600 nuclear weapons in the targets. (See Chart 4.) series equipped :to penetrate Soviet air strategic .i'orce of the 1980's. These could in­ The proposed B-1 would require '8 hours defenses. clude 6_,500 in submarines, 2,500 in land-based on the same strategic mission and, like the These newer G/H series .a.re different in missiles, -and 9,600 in bombers. (See Charts 1, B-52, would arrive over target hours after several important ways from th-e fQlder D/F 2 and 3) (Charts not printed in the RECORD). U.S. missile-borne weapons have struck. If aircraft. The G/H bombers have _received The l:Tnited States will decide in the all programs asked for by 'Pentagon spokes­ major structural, armament, and electronic near _fuflure .how much it wishes to increase men are approved, 9,000 missile weapons modifications bl an effort to counter the its nuclear strategic forces. could be in the strategic .arsenal in the mid­ latest Soviet .radars, :ttghters, .a.n'd air defense .PBOOOSED NEW :BOMBER ~980's. Rapid e:q>ansion of the missile force missiles. The earlier, less modern D/P' air­ The Air 'Faroe has received $1.3 billion fOT has converted the bomber from the main craft cannot penetrate the more complex B&D on an entirely new bomber, to be called weapon of strategic war to .a "hedge" against Soviet defenses. Over $3 billion has already tbe B-1. Tne Air Force program. calls for .B-1 'B possible failure of the sea-based and land­ been spent improving the B-52 bomber force. at a cost of $11 1000,000,000 for deplo_yment in based missile systems. An equal amount--$3 billion more-is the 1980'.s. '.llb:e Oong.ress has not approved As a direct result of the ABM treaty with being requested in an attempt to ensure the funds for the construction of the proposed Russia signed in f972, all but 200 of the G/H aircraft retains the ·capability iio pene­ B-1 bomber. If built, the .B-1 force could 9,000 U.S. land and sea-based missile weapons trate Soviet air defenses. These niodel'.D.iza.­ carry 5_,280 nuclea-r-weapons, 1,140 more weap­ that may be in service in the 1980's could tion programs will in effect produce 300 new ons than the modernized B-52's. attack targets in the USSR and China with­ bombers, able to operate into the late 1980's. These additional 1,140 nuclear weapons out interception. Since missiles wm arrive (See Chart 5) In short, all B-52's are not -oould inere:ase the total u.s. nuclear weapons on target first, they will have the capability alike nor do their capabilities remain static. to 18,"600 in the 1980's. This would be nearly to destroy the Soviet Union. Therefore, tb.e STAND-OFF WEAPONS triple the number now possessed by the U.S. U.S. strategic bomber force is substantially less necessary since the ABM treaty was The most important change in bomber The basic question Js: "Does the U.S. need warfare has been the development of air­ l.S,600 strategic nuclear weapons in the signed. , BOMBERS ARE VULNERABLE borne weapons to attack t~ets at great 1980's.?" range. By the time of the proposed B-1 -de­ POltTY~SEVEN PERCENT OF AL~ SOVIETS Strategic bombers will remain vulnerable ployment, neither the B-1 nor the modified Assuming the U.S. 1s building only a sec­ to SAM attack in the 1.980's. While missiles B-52 will need to approach most targets ond strike deterrent capability, the destruc­ speed along at a maximum speed of 11,000 closer than 50 miles. ~e B-52 and the pro­ tion of the urban/industrial area of Russia nautical miles per hour, the maximum speed posed B-1 would be able to carry 12 to 24 would be the logical target. There are in of the proposed new B-1 bomber will be il.,200 "stand-off" missiles, each with a nuclear Russia today 1,000 cities and towns of over nautical miles per hour. Attempts to pene­ weapon. Half of these airborne missiles could 20,000 people. Based on empirical evidence trate Soviet air space .require installation 01. have a range of more than 500 .miles. ( See and published test results, it is reasonable costly defensive devices in the B-52 and B-1 Chart 6.) By the 1980's, neither the proposed aircraft which lllaY or may not be effective to assume that an average of two nuclear B-1 nor the B-52 would need to carry bombs. weapons are .required to destroy each of these when needed. The ability of North Vietnam, LOW-LEVEL MISSION Soviet cities and kill 47% of the people in using the older SAM 2, to shoot down .B-52's Russia. This will require about 2,000 nuclear dramatizes the vulnerability of aircraft in Bomber design evolved in response to new weapons. Without the B-1 bomber, the U.S. a strategic bomber force. The Soviets h'ave developments in air defenses. For 20 years, would have over 13,000 nuclear weapons, or other more modexn air defenses, including the outstanding treng. in U.S. bomber design six times the number needed to destroy the the SAM 3, which have not a,ppeared yet in was the steady increase in high-altitude urban/industrial area of Russia and nearly North Vietnam. capability. halt of all the Russian people. With the B-1 While mis-Siles ca,nnot easily be destroyed Meanwhile, Soviet air defense never lagged bomber, the U.S. would have -0ver 18,000 nu­ in flight because of available countermeasures far behind the omber. 'Whi he U.S. Air clear weapons, or nine times the number and the technical complexity of effective in­ Force was developing the B-70 Valkyrie to needed. ter-eeption, bombers, whether the B-52 or the operate at 70,000 -1eet, niajor advances In EIGHTY-EIGHT MILLION CHINESE proposed B-1, a-re mol'e vulnerable. To pene­ Soviet rocketry shot the project down. The By the 1980's, China may .also pl'esent a trate Soviet air space, an aircraft can use Soviets began deploying surface-to-.air mis­ threat to the U.S. based -0n an analysis of evasive tactics .and -get some protection from siles (SAM) capable of destroying aircraft 3076 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 ftying at 70,000 feet. Since then, bomber COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS all these things happen and become a real· design has concentrated on the ground-hug­ ity wm we, together with the people of the ging mission in an attempt to fly below most B-526/H B-1 world, be able to rise as one and cry out for Soviet air defenses. the whole world to hear, WAR-no, no! War, The proposed :s-,.1 would incorporate a new please God, never again. Speed at high altitude_:-;;:-.:·:-~:-; 550 knots 1,200 knots In thanksgiving to God we wish also to electro-optical viewing system (EVS) which (average). (maximum). uses low-light level television and infrared Speed at low altitude ___ : ~:-_::_ 390 knots 550 knots acknowledge with sincerest gratitude and in sensors designed to permit the bomber to (average). (average). a spirit of prayer all who have worked so Maximum payload per aircraft: hard and so perseveringly in behalf of peace. proceed to target less than 300 feet above lnternaL ______"' ______31,000 lbs __ : _ 75,000 lbs. the ground. The EVS 1s also being installed. External (wing racks) _____ 20,000 lbs •••• 40000 lbs. May you, they and all of us accept in the on the B-52 G/H series at a cost of $209 mil­ Electro-optical viewing system •• Yes •••••••••• Yes. presence of our oneness today the blessing lion. With EVS, both the B-52 G/H series Radar cross section ••• ·------·-- Smaller. of God as found in Sacred Scripture 1n the Infrared signature ______Less. Book of Numbers: and the proposed B-1 could. :fly at low-level Standoff weapons ••••••••••••• Yes ______Yes. over land en route to targets. "May the Lord bless you and keep you. The Lord show his face to you and have CHART VI.-STRATEGIC BOMBER ARMAMENT mercy on you. The Lord turn his countenance to you and give you peace." Speed Weapon Range (miles) (m.p.h.) Nuclear yield Weight (lbs.) Decoy

NEW MATH DOES NOT WORK HON. NORRIS COTTON OF NEW HAMPSHmE Note: This shows the variety and capability of stand off weapons for strategic bombers, IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES THE B-1 REMARI{S BY ARCHBISHOP THOMAS J, Wednesday, January 31, 1973 Wing span MCDONOUGH Mr. COTTON. Mr. President, last Fri­ Wings forward------136.7 Ft. The bells of peace which sounded through­ day, January 26, 1973, Mr. William Loeb, Wings swept______78.2 Ft. out our City and County last evening, ush­ Length ------143.S Ft. the publisher of the Manchester Union ered in an era of hope and great expecta­ Leader, spoke out in a front-page edito­ GrossHeight weight------______36o-400,00033.6 Lb.Ft. tion. Peace, thank God, has been achieved but rial about the new-math controversy. Speed the price was awesome and staggering. Mr. Loeb, and an accompanying article Low level penetration, almost ma.ch 1. With the cessation of hostilities and the by Mr. w. A. Leavell, cite the inability High altitude, above mach 2. signing of the peace treaty there still re­ of Dr. James M. Shackelford, of nearby mains so much to be accomplished on a na­ Arlington, Va., who holds a Ph. D. in CHART VII-INCREASES IN TYPICAL BOMBER tional and international level among all peo­ NUCLEAR WEAPONS LOAD ple and nations. chemistry, and his associates in the En­ ( Assumes equal range mission) • Unfortunately there could emerge the re­ vironmental Protection Agency, to solve B-52 G&H (4 Weapons & 4 Decoys) gretful tendency, in the midst of our height­ the problems in the fourth-grade math­ 1971-2 Bombs, 4 Quail, 2 Hound dog. ened enthusiasm and unrestrained joy, to book assigned Dr. Shackelford's daugh­ B-52 G&H (12 Weapons) forget that we must begin now to seek a way ter, Leslie. I know firsthand, from the ex­ 1974-2 Bombs, 2 Hound dog, 8 SRAM. of life that will preempt forever from the periences of my own assistant who was B-52 G (12 Weapons) . fabric of mankind wanton war, ignored and a Commerce Department budget officer 6 SRAM, 6 SCAD. excessive poverty and a lack of concern, love and mastered the intricate mathematics B-52 H ( 24 Weapons) and interest for our fellow men, 1981-12 SRAM, 12 SCAD. War is never the answer because it breaks of the Federal budget, and has a child B-1 (24 Weapons) down families and tears apart nations. War in this same class, that there is consid­ 12 SRAM, 12 SCAD. inexorably destroys and kills, separates erable reason for concern about the di­ The average weapon load of the proposed loved ones, foments discord and breeds dis­ rection that the mathematics curriculum B-1 bomber is no greater than the load of content. War is man's greatest and cruelest has taken. the B-52-H series. act of futility. I commend the editorial and article to NOTE We as Americans, who traditionally take the Senate. As the ranking minority The Center's research study on which this great"pride in our inheritance which was be­ edition of the Defense Monitor was based is queathed to us by men and women of great member of the Labor-HEW Appropria­ available at the Center. faith and indomitable courage, must never tions Subcommittee, I am asking the Of­ become isolated within ourselves. We must fice of Education -for a report on the accord to others the privileges of life, liberty progress of the new math. and the pursuit of happiness which we cher­ I ask unanimous consent that the arti­ ARCHBISHOP THOMAS J. McDON­ ish. The gifts of this country, which are so cle be printed in the RECORD. many and so varied, must be shared willing­ There being no objection, the editorial OUGH'S REMARKS ON THE VIET­ ly and thankfully with the rest of the world. NAM CEASE-FIRE What war has broken down we must build and article were ordered to be printed in up as reflected in the people and the na­ the RECORD, as follows: tions who participated in the war in Viet­ To HELL WITH NEW MATH! HON. ROMANO L. MAZZOLI nam. (By William 1=,oeb, Publisher) OF KENTUCKY Particularly today and in the immediacy of Probably there is not one parent reading IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this gathering, our hearts and hands go out the paper today who has not been subjected in understanding to the front line soldiers Wednesday, January 31, 1973 to the nonsense of the so-called "new math," who will soon l;>egin to return to us. Our pa­ and who has been told by the educators that Mr. MAZZOLI. Mr. Speaker, I enjoyed tience must be paramount because they have he is just old-fashioned and doesn't know the privilege last Sunday of attending a suffered so much for you and for me. With any better and that this is the !'new thing." very moving, ecumenical, religious serv­ unbound gratitude we reflect a constant loy­ Many parents, at that point, become in­ alty. for ~he prisoners of war, begging God ·timidated and relapse into unhappy silence. ice held at the Adath Israel Temple, :to bring them home safely and to eradicate Louisville, Ky., in observation of the Therefore, be sure to read the column. by the nightmare of imprisonment and the W. A. Leavell at the top of our back page truce in Vietnam. · mental anguish which have harassed them. today, in which he points out that a very I was particularly impressed by the To the faniiiles who have their own .missing distinguished doctor of philosophy, James M. words of the Most Reverend Thomas J. in action, we beg a redoubling of spiritual Shackelford, affiliated with the Environmen­ McI>onc;mgli, Catholic archbishop of efforts in their behalf. tal Protection Agency in Washington, D.C., Louisville, .who .eloquently reminded us Only when men and nations are motivated has come out in open revolt against the new by high ideals ·and spiritual commitments to math and what it did nbt teach his bright that, "War is man's gi·eatest and cruelist avoid the· pitfalls o{ war; oniy when men act of futility.". daughter, Leslie, in the fourth grade. - and nations deplore bombing and implore It seems that Dr. Shackelford, who lives · I commend Archbishop · McDonough's praying; only when men and nations behold in Arlington, came home one day purposely message to the attention of my col~ tn God the fount o! love, the hope of peace to participate in his daughter's .birthday leagues. ·· · · · and the P,roinise of a future life; only when party. At one point, he held up ·a coin and - -.- --. ,, ~ r.-7.7 7q ~ .. "°' Vf.;;,~.R .r,~.;:-;:.-, .7 .~ ~..-;-:;.,; February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3077 offered to give it to the first youngster who anyone trying to learn how to make change CUTBACK OF FARM PROGRAM~ could tell him what 8 times 9 is. He thought or do simple math. that any fourth grader, by all means includ­ Thinking his own education might have ing his own daughter, would be able to been lacking in some way, Dr. Shackelford give him the correct answer. He was shocked took the fourth grade "new math" book to HON. JAMES ABOUREZK when none of the youngstei:s could. tell him his office.· He tried it on his learned col­ OF SOUTH DAKOTA how much 8 times 9 is. leagues, who included highly trained scien­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES So that nigb,.t he got out his daughter's tists. Not one of them could understand the math book and took a look at it-and that's problems in the book and not one of them Wednesday, January 31, 1973 all he needed. From then on he has been could see any value in "new math." Mr. ABOUREZK. Mr. President, the crusading against the new math. To start his campaign Dr. Shackelford The next day, he took the book in to the wrote the local school board. He now plans decision of the administration to cut famous scientists who work with. him-and to take the matter up with state educational back numerous farm programs is a mat­ they had tbe same reaction. Then and there, officials. He told his school board chairman: ter of deep concern to Congress. It is he decided that it was time that parents "I have copied some of the most ridiculous matter of concern not only because of revolted against th.is nonsense, which is just problems and ask you to try to work them •• the value of these programs in maintain­ one more ridiculous educational theory that ... then after the exasperation subsides, ask ing a strong, stable, healthy, rural Amer­ has gone wild. Dr. Shackelford would like the same questions to those state officials ica, but also because these decisions parents all across the c~untry to demand who have approved these books. And so on, from their school boards that the new math problems and ask you to try to work them constitute a challenge to the powers of be thrown out and that students be taught In reply the school board chairman said: Congress itself. basic arithmetic, so they can function effi­ "I grumbled about it (new math) like I As a result of a meeting recently held ciently in the life they will have to face think most parents did. But I guess it's in Huron, S. Dak., Senator McGOVERN when they get out of school. something that people kind of accepted and and I were given an opportunity to de­ This newspaper says three cheers for Dr. educators got sort of carried away." velop some of our thoug ts on this issue Shackelford, and good luck to him and all It seems that the idea of "new math" is at greater length. This took the form of the other parents who want to bring about that it is necessary to teach math theory to a letter to the editor of the Argus­ the end of the new math. youngsters rather than routine arithmetic. Dr. Shackelford compared with this with the Leader, the largest newspaper in my great postwar departure from the old fash­ State. I should like to share those "NEW MATH" SYSTEM JUST DOESN'T ADD UP ioned but eminently successful phonics thoughts with the Senate and ask unani­ (By W. A. Leavell) method of teaching reading. The new read­ mous consent that the letter be printed "To hell with new mathematics!" ing methods of teaching have resulted in in the RECORD. Now I have · done it. I have bustec. _my millions of American students being unable There being no objection, the letter britches forever with the "modern" type to read properly. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, educator. I don't care. I would say it again Dr. Shackelford feels that the educational experimenters have had a field day and the as follows: but I don't like to use naughty words. ANSWER ARGUS-LEADER EDITORIAL: MCGOVERN, I am not the first to say bad words over textbook publishers have made a kllling at the taxpayer's expense. ABOUBEZK GIVE SPENDING CUT SPECIFICS­ the fooli~h experiment in education that has TERM U.S. PRIORITIES "UPSmE DOWN" failed. In fact, it looks like thi$ expensive Three cheers for Dr. Shackelford! mistake will leave us with a generation of It is time someone stood up and said "new To The Editor OJ The Argus-Leader: people who can't do simple mathematics. math" is not working and that we should We read with great interest and concern While most parents grumble and shake junk it in favor of good basic arithmetic. the Argus-Leader editorial of Jan. 16, com­ their heads at "new math," they don't do Change is good when it is an improvement menting on our meeting in Huron on Satur­ anything. Some assume the educators know but when it doesn't work we should stick day, Jan. 13. what they a.re doing and this is a serious to what works. The purpose of the meeting was to protest mistake: Some don't understand it and don't - "New math" doesn't work! and to lay plans for attempts to reverse the want to look stupid. Others j'9st don't care. blitz of program cutbacks and terminations We now have a new knight on a white recently unleashed on rural America by the horse who is taking up the cause of doing in Nixon administration. Your editorial agreed "new ma.th." He knows the fight will be long UKRAINIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY that the administration actions will be harm­ and hard but he is goirig to give it a try. ful to the Great Plains, but argued that we A product · of the academic community in the Congress must "also come up with himself, he knows the system makes mis­ some specifics" if we are unwilling to let takes and he thinks "new math" comes sec­ HON. CHARLES W. WHALEN, JR. the President use his "executive preroga· ond only to the current failure to teach our OF OHIO tives" to hold down spending. students how to read. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES We would be happy to provide specifics. 'The new 'champion of getting rid of "new We believe the manned space program should math" is James M. .Shackelford, Ph.D. I Tuesday, January 23, 1973 be cut before the rural electric system. We think the American people should listen to believe arms aid to foreign governments Dr. Shackelford. In fact, I think we should Mr. WHALEN. Mr. Speaker, Janu­ should be trimmed before emergency aid to give him a national hero award just for ary 22 marked the 55th Anniversary f American disaster victims. We believe tax having the nerve to stand up and tell the Ukraine's Independence. Just as I a subsidies for corporate polluters should be truth about "new math," or "no math," as sure that few people are aware of t terminated before programs to protect the some call it. fact, I am sure that most Americans are rural environment. . Dr. Shackelford is a chemist with a Ph.D. unaware that this independence lasted Across the board we believe that programs in his field. He lives in Arlington, Va., and only 3 brief years. Ever since 1920 the for working Americans of modest income works for the Environmental Protection Ukrainians have waged a continual should be generally maintained or expanded. Agency in Washington, D.C. Dr. Shackelford struggle to regain their freedom. We believe the money for this effort should is not an old fuddy-duddy nor is he a know­ We commemorate not merely the im­ come from swollen budgets in the military­ nothing that has to take off his shoes and space sector and from the swollen treasuries portance of January 22, 1918, to the of tax-sheltered corporations. use his toes to count past 10. Ukrainian people, but more importantly, Our view that tax dollars should be spent It all started with his daughter, Leslie, the significance of their struggle for in­ on programs that benefit the families who who is a bright fourth grade student at Bar­ dependence to other f dom-loving paid taxes is not new and it is not the view croft elementary school in Arlington, Va. people of the world. Certainly, their of only a tiny minority in the Congress. When Leslie had her last birthday party efforts serve as a source of inspiration It is the President who has carefully pro­ her father was home and he joined in helping moted the idea that Congress has helped make the party a fun time. for oppressed people everywhere. create today's econ .ic problems with its At one point he held up a coin and offered All too often in a nation which has long policies of what your editorial called "spend, to give it to the first youngster who told him known independence, citizens take for spend, spend." But the truth is that o what 8 times 9 was. He felt sure that this granted freedoms which other people do the last four years, the Congress has · fac would be simple for a fourth grader. not enjoy. Thus, our celebration of the cut $16 billion from Mr. Nixon's sp ding To his shock, none of the students knew 55th Anniversary of Ukrainian Inde­ requests. We cut $4.4 billion in the current what 8 times 9 was. That night he got Leslie's pendence Day hopefully will also serve fiscal year. The real source of unbalanced math book and found that like most of its as a time of reflection for us who live in budgets and enormous Nixon administra­ type today, it went into math theory but tion deficits has been not the Congress but freedom. In addition, this should be a the administration i~lf-its record corpor­ gave little to old fashion arithmetic. He felt time in which we reaffirm our desires to ate tax cuts, granted in some cases without that this might be of some use to comput'er continue to secure these blessings for even bothering to obtain congressional con­ specialists or ' geneticists but little help to "ourselves and our posterity.'' sent, plus a deliberate high unemployment 3078 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 policy which inevitably reduced federal tax The Argus-Leader editorial said you "would with this scheme that seems certain to collections and increased Federal costs. Peo­ like to see the guidelines or priorities the mean pay increases for ourselves. ple who have no jobs pa.y no taxes; instead, •administration followed in making these they draw unemployment compensation, reductions." But part of the problem is that Congress should face up to the fact food stamps and welfare. it is futile to ask for such information­ that this Commission represents an un­ It is just as incorrect to say that congres­ futlle for the Argus-Leader and futile for the ethical, backdoor method of raising the sional criticism is wholly negative. We have Congress. Even if the administration would pay of National Government officials. If come up with alternatives and we will con­ comply with a request of that kind, which a pay increase is truly justified, then t inue to do so.· they see no obligation to do, they would Members of Congress should clearly have Members of Congress, including the South still claim the power to carry out the cuts no public fear of casting a recorded vote Dakota. delegation, have demonstrated time without Congressional consent or participa­ on the issue. and time again where waste in the arms bud­ tion. Under such circumstances, setting for get and other programs could be reduced a chance to look at the guidelines of priori­ For the public's information, all nine without damaging our national security. ties is a little like being grateful to a members of the Commission have now We question, for example, why the ad­ burglar who tells you why he is robbing your been named and are preparing to review ministration :finds it more important to spend house, while he disputes your right to call the salary scales of Members of Congress, hundreds of thousands of dollars for the Navy the police. Justices, and judges in the judicial to study a children's toy-the frisbee--than Congress has consistently refused, by deny­ branch and top executives in the execu­ to invest in low-cost power for rural con­ ing "item veto" authority to let the Presi­ tive branch except for President and Vice sumers. dent choose which parts of the law he wants President. On a larger scale, the two weeks of pre­ to implement and which he wants to dis­ Christmas bombing in Indochina cost $600 card. When a bill reaches his desk, he must This Commission is due to make its re­ million-two and one-half times as much as either sign it all or veto it all; he cannot port to the President on June 30, 1973. the Rural Environmental Assistance Pro­ pick and choose. Yet today we see that The President will then take these rec­ gram, (REAP) which has Just been cut off. power assumed even though it has always ommendations into consideration in sub­ And the tragic irony is that while our own been denied. mitting the 1975 budget to Congress in resources will receive less protection because Last year, the Congress specifically refused early 1974. Unless Congress specifically REAP is ended, the agreement ultimately to give Mr. Nixon the authority to establish acts to disapprove the pay adjustments, signed in Paris will doubtless commit the national priorities all by himself, within a United States to pay for repairing the dam­ $250 billion overall ceiling. He asked for that they will go into effect about March of age those bombs inflicted-a REAP Program authority, but he refused even to tell us 1974. for North Vietnam, but none for South Da­ where the cuts would be made. It would When this same method was employed kota. have been an abandonment of Congressional in early 1969, I well recall, it was impos­ On the tax side, both of us have developed, responsibllities to grant what the President sible for us even to get a recorded vote on sponsored and supported tax reform pro­ asked. Now he has just taken it. One wonders the pay hike package in the House of grams which would add billions to federal why he even bothered to ask. revenues while reducing the burden on ordi­ Representatives. Hence, everybody in What the administration has done is a Congress got their salary raised without nary taxpayers. We expect to make a vigorous radical departure from the Constitution. It fight on this issue in the 9Srd Congress. We these actions go unchallenged, then the Con­ having to be accountable to the voters. also expect that any progress we make in gress will have yielded one of its most impor­ It is a wrong way to do business. reforming the tax structure will have to be tant responsibilities, and the American peo­ ma.de, unfortunately over the all-out opposi­ ple will have lost a precious and hard-won tion of the Nixon administration, which source of control over their government and seems more interested in advantages for the their lives. AIR FORCE SERGEANTS ASSO- privileged few than in a fair break for all This is not the way to respect the Consti­ CIATION OPPOSES GENERAL the people or in a balanced nation.al budget. tution or to protect the American system. AMNESTY But all of this really relates to a larger Nor, given the record of the past four years­ issue which we discussed in Huron on Jan. 13. the towering deficits congressional spending The current cuts in fa.rm, rural develop­ cuts of $16 billion-is it the way to bring ment and conservation programs reflect up­ HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT the federal budget under control. OF LOUISIANA side down national priorities. It is short­ So we intend to continue the struggle sighted and unjust to make farmers--who are started in Huron through every available IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES among the most helpless and ha.rd-hit vic­ channel. In this effort, we hope for the sup­ Wednesday, January 31, 1973 tims of the disease of inflation--sutfer most port, not only of those who identify with the from the cure as well. We object strenuously needs of rural America, but of all those who I to that. Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, take this But we are also gravely concerned about believe in the Constitution and in the great occasion to bring to the attention of the what has become a sustained assault on traditions of a free America. House a resolution adopted by the dele­ Oongress that goes beyond the current crisis GEORGE MCGOVERN, gates at the most recent convention of to the very future of our constitutional JAMES A.IIOUBEZX, the Air Force Sergeants Association held system. U.S. Senators. \VASHINGTON. in Sacramento, Calif., this past fall. We have searched the Constitution in vain The resolution concerns the question for any reference to an "executive preroga­ tive" to impound and withhold funds ap­ of granting amnesty to draft dodgers and propriated by the Congress in legislation deserters who have :fled the country to signed by the President, to violate the clear PAY COMMISSION SHOULD BE avoid serving in the Armed Forces dur­ intent of the Congress in conducting the na­ ABOLISHED ing the Vietnam war. Because it states tion's business, or to repeal unilaterally the the case against a general amnesty so law of the land. well and because it is so timely in its Instead, we :find tha-:; it is to the Congress, HON. ANCHER NELSEN message on the subject, I am going to ask and not to some bureaucrat, that the Con­ that the resolution be printed in the stitution grants the power to create new pro­ OP MINNESOTA RECORD in its entirety, so that all Mem­ grams when they a.re needed, or to abolish IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES old programs when the need is at an end. bers of Congress will have an opportunity It is to the Congress, and not to the Execu­ Wednesday, January 31, 1973 to read it: tive, that our founding fathers assigned the Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, I have to­ OPPOSES GENERAL AMNESTY responsibility of determining how national day introduced legislation to abolish the Whereas, approximately 55,000 Americans revenues will be raised and spent. Commission or. Executive, Legislative and have died from all causes during the course Yet the Nixon administration did not come of the war in Indochina and scores of thou­ Judicial Salaries. I would also like con­ sands have been wounded, many seriously; to the Congress when they decided to slash gressional colleagues to be aware that and, these rural programs. They ma.de no formal unless Congress acts affirmatively on this Where.as, over 1,600 Americans are either finding that these were bad activities. They bill to put the Commission out of busi­ prisoners of war or are unaccounted for by did not conduct public hearings. They did ness, there is every likelihood that it will the enemy are still carried as missing in ac­ not consult with the people who have been recommend salary increases for Con­ tion; and, hurt. And they certainly did not tell any­ Whereas, the President of the United one before the election last fall that they had gressmen, Senators, and other top Gov­ States has stated that he would not grant these steps in mind, so they could now clatm ernment officials to become effective in any form of · "Amnesty" while American a mandate to carry them out. Instead, they March of 197 4. Servicemen were fighting in Vietnam nor laid their plans in secret and then imple­ If we desire to check inflation, then we while prisoners of war were being held in mented them by surprise. in good conscience should not go along North Vietnam; and, February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3079 Whereas, nearly 5,400 Americans are, as and Nixon until recently said they would I was pleased to see that President members of the immediate families of our insist upon-a mutual withdrawal of Hanoi's Nixon had sent a telegram to President POW/MIA's, tragically touched by the in­ troops along with ours. humanness of our Communist foes; Kissinger did manage to get some of what Sunay of Turkey about the shocking Be it resolved: the AFSA recommends that he had called "alfusive" reference to the event. The following is the text of that no form of general or selective amnesty be "sovereignty" of South Vietnam pending telegram: granted to all or any of the draft dodgers reunification. DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: I was shocked and or deserters until the U.S. Combat role in But considering the agreements as a whole, saddened to learn of the killing in California Indochina has drawn completely to a close, as Kissinger recommends, Saigon's sover­ of Turkish Consul General Baydar and Vice and our prisoners have been returned to our eignty is limited by these factors: Consul Demir. shores, with a valid accounting of our miss­ -The DMZ is "only" a "provisional mili­ As you know, our government has been ing in action; and, tary demarcation line ... and not a political deeply concerned with the prevention of acts Be it further resolved, that when the fore­ or territorial boundary," the agreements of violence directed against foreign diplomats going conditions have been fully met, then state. and officials and has worked closely with and only then, should a deliberate case by -The agreements--and Kissinger him­ other governments, including yours, in the case review be undertaken by those who, self-state that the DMZ separates "two United Nations and elsewhere to coordinate having turned their backs on their country zones," not two countries. international action in this regard. You can in her hour of need, now seek the full rights -The agreement refers to the opposing be sure this deplorable act of violence is being of citizenship when boastfully they chose to South Vietnamese forces "two parties," not investigated with a. sense of great urgency. ev,ade its accompanying responsibilities. the government of South Vietnam on one Please accept my sincere condolences and side and guerrillas on the other. The agree­ deep regret for this tragic incident resulting ments attribute "equality" to the two parties, in the death of two fine Turkish diplomats. and pledges them to "mutual non-elimina­ Sincerely, LET'S NOT KID OURSELVES ABOUT tion." RICHARD NIXON. WHO WON THE WAR How much sovereignty is there in a gov­ ernment that pledges not to eliminate guer­ rillas seeking its overthrow? Four years ago -the Communists proposed. PRICE INTRODUCES LEGISLATION HON. DAWSON MATHIS a 10-point peace plan whose provisions are TO COPE WITH ENERGY CRISIS OF GEORGIA remarkably similar to the present cease-fire agreement with one major exception. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1969 Communist plan called for establishing Wednesday January 31, 1973 a coalition government in the south; the HON. ROBERT PRICE 1 1973 agreement does not. It would instead OF TEXAS Mr. MATHIS of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, establish a Council of National Reconcilia­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES while I join with all Americans in wel­ tion comprised of "three equal segments"­ coming the cease-fire in Vietnam, I do Saigon, Viet Cong and neutralists-to orga­ Wednesday, January 31, 1973 feel that the conditions agreed upon do nize general elections. Mr. PRICE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, the need to be placed in perspective. Much concern has been expressed lately time has already passed for the Congress The following editorial, which I feel about the excessive and growing power of the presidency. Vietnam proved the limits of the United States to face up to its reflects a realistic analysis, appeared in of that power. responsibilities to assure an adequate the Birmingham Post-Herald on January I am not contending that four years made and reliable supply of natural gas for 29, and I am pleased to insert it in the no difference in the deal we got, or in the the consumers of the United States. RECORD for the consideration of the military readiness of the government forces Natural gas, the cleanest burning, cheap­ House: in South Vietnam, or that we could -have est fuel we have in this country has been LET'S NOT KID OURSELVES ABOUT WHO WON been sure four years ago that it would take discriminated against by repressive legis­ THE WAR so long to get so little more. The point is lation. Our other primary fuels-coal and that we should look honestly at what we (By Ted Knap) did and did not get out of the war and in oil-are regulated by the laws of supply WASHINGTON.-President Nixon and Dr. the cease-fire agreements. and demand, subject only to national se­ Henry A. Kissinger did their best, but let's curity considerations. Gas is regulated not kid ourselves about who won and who by the Congress through delegation to did not. Le Due Tho's claim of "victory" for the FPC. the Communist side has considerable valid· ity. VIOLENCE IN NEWS In the last 4 years, the FPC has recog­ Unpleasant though it may be, consider nized the repressive nature of the deci­ these facts: sions of the 1960's, which resulted in low­ -The agreement states (Ch. 1, Art. 1) that Hon. PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN er and lower prices at the wellhead until the United States and all other countries re­ OF NEW JERSEY exploration and development of new spect the "sovereignty, unity and territorial IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES reserves was dangerously discouraged­ integrity of Vietnam," as set out in the 1954 discouraged not only by the prices set, Geneva accords. That's one Vietnam, not Wednesday, January 31, 1973 but, more important, discouraged by the two. -The agreement accepts the continued Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, absolute uncertainty that faces a person presence of North Vietnamese troops in the there are so many incidents of violence who sells gas in interstate commerce. In south, estimated by the United States at in the news these days ·that most seem only three areas of the country-Per- - 145,000. to make only the briefest of headlines. mean and Hugoton-Anadarko (and Ap­ -Kissinger refers to the long conflict as Nonetheless, one cannot help but be palachian, Ill., does that person know "civil war." shocked and saddened, with the fre­ how much of his contract price he can Those concessions seem to conflict with the quency of the incidents. keep, and, even then, the FPC can lower constantly repeated contention of Nixon and The callous gunning down of Senator his price for the future. In the other former President Lyndon B. Johnson that Americans intervened to defend South Viet­ STENNIS before his own house here in areas of the country-vital areas of pro­ nam against "outside aggression" by North Washington is the latest-but unfortu­ duction like southern Louisiana, includ­ Vietnam. nately probably not the last-of these ing the Federal domain, Texas gulf The agreement requires the withdrawal of incidents. We all pray for his early and coast, other Southwest, and Rocky and the dismantling of the bases of "the complete recovery. Mountain, the producer has no assurance United States and those other foreign coun­ I would like also to express my abhor­ as to what price he is selling his gas, be­ tries" allied with the Saigon government. It rence, Mr. Speaker, of the killing a few cause the FPC or the courts can order is perfectly clear that "foreign countries" days ago of two distinguished diplomats refunds of past moneys collected and re­ does not apply to North Vietnam, which is allowed to retain troops and whatever bases from Turkey. You will recall, I am sure, duce the price for the future. FPC rate it has in the south. the details of the brutal slayings in Santa cases sometimes take 12 years to proc­ Kissinger says our side has not accepted Barbara, Calif., of the Turkish Consul ess-and the clock is still running on the presence of North Vietnamese troops as General at Los Angeles, Mehmet Baydar, court review. How Congress, with its a "legal right." But it is a well-established and his Vice Consul, Bahadir Demir. Re­ plenary power over interstate commerce, principl~ of law that what is not prohibited grettably, this is another in a series of can permit a system which requires a is permitted. attacks on foreign diplomats which have person to deliver a commodity without Loud and clear, the agreements say the occurred) and which regrettably seem im­ knowing what he will be paid for deliver­ United States failed to get what Johnson possible to prevent. ing it for years and years which have 3080 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 come and gone and which are yet to CONGRESS MUST ACT TO HELP A su};>pena issued to a newsman to try come, is a mystery, and is probably the PRESERVE TRADITION OF FREE t·o get him to reveal his news source may result of the lack of a crisis. We have a PRESS be damaging to the freedom of the press. crisis now, as many of us have predicted, But so is the action of a publisher who which commands the attention of the maintains a "black list" of people whose Congress. More than a dozen major HON. LAWRENCE COUGHLIN names cannot be printed in his news­ interstate natural gas pipelines are cur­ OF PENNSYLVANIA paper. So is the editor or reporter who tailing service to consumers this winter. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fails in seeking out opposing views for "Curtailing service" is a nice way of Wednesday, January 31, 1973 a story that can tarnish the reputation saying that consumers are being cut off of a public official or a private citizen. from gas supplies because there is not Mr. COUGHI.JN. Mr. Speaker, I am So is the decision of a TV correspondent enough gas to meet CW'rent require­ introducing today the News Media to fake a scene for his cameras to height­ ments, much less to add new customers. Source Protection Act to assert the en the impact or drama of an event. As factories and schools are closed down, Congress authority in its legislative ca­ There is nothing written in the law as crops are rotting for lack of process pacity to contribute actively to the con­ or in newspaper ethics about these little gas, as homeowners are being turned tinued preservation of a free press as we foibles of the press. And, as a member of away from coast to coast, we, the Con­ have come to know it for almost 200 the most-criticized institution in this gress, cannot stand idly by and say that years. Eleven of my colleagues have country-the U.S. Congress-I feel I can the policies of the NatW'al Gas Act, joined me in sponsoring this legislation. speak of these failures of the news media adopted in 1938 and :first applied judi­ In introducing this bill, I considered as a friend who is concerned with provid­ cially to producers in 1954, are adequate. the overall philosophy of a free press and ing the legislative protection necessary Congress must recognize its own failures the narrower issue of drafting legislation to enable it to carry out its duties free and those of its chosen instrument, the that is effective and just. of Government harassment. FPC, and remove the cloud over the sale I think we cannot underestimate the If the rash of court decisions and sub­ of natural gas in interstate commerce. importance of maintaining the integrity penas aimed at newsmen are threaten­ Yesterday, I introduced legislation, H.R. of the news media-newspapers, periodi­ ing freedom of the press, then, too, are 3299, that would take the FPC out of the cals, radio and television, newsletters and these instances of press failure and thou­ business of regulating the sale of natural other forms of the media which we have sands of others that take place through­ gas in interstate commerce-directly or, come to take for granted as being un­ out the country. Just as the Congress is as Federal agencies sometimes do, in­ fettered and free from Government in­ looking to its legislative responsibility in directly. Market forces would control the trusion. the press field, I think the press should sale of gas by producers-both inde­ Because there bas been so much rhet­ reassess its obligations and responsibili­ pendent producers and affiliates of pipe­ oric and so much misunderstanding ties. lines who, in desperation, are competing about the press' constitutional rights, I The erosion of press freedoms takes for leases so new supplies can be attached think everyone could benefit from a all forms-from within and from with­ for use by consumers. For gas now being reading of the first amendment-ratified out. The news media itself bears a heavy sold in interstate commerce the existing in earlier and less complex days--which responsibility. contracts could, for the first time, be forbids the Congress from making any In proposing this legislation, I ac­ honored as the parties negotiated them law to abridge the freedom of the press. knowledge that the time bas come for the in the first place, but which have been That simple and explicit prohibition can­ Congress to play an acti'Ve, rather than a overridden by the FPC. Gas sold in the not meet the requirements of a free press passive role, in exercising its respon­ futW'e would be regulated by the con­ in these times. sibility for preserving freedom of the tracts, not by the FPC's judgment as to There is no Federal law that bestows press. This best can be accomplished in what a contract should contain. Thus. special privileges upon the people who the case of news sources which has been the disincentives of regulation would be publish or own the news media or who the area in which courts and prosecu­ removed, and there would be no regula­ work for it. These people are earning tors have felt constrained to encroach. tory impediment to exploration and de­ their living under the private enterprise Forcing newsmen to reveal sources velopment of reserves. The consumer system and owe their wages to the profit­ may be the easy way for courts and would benefit in expanded gas supplies making employer for whom they work. prosecutors, but its effects are extremely from assured domestic sources and at a Balanced against this very business-like damaging to the gathering of news for price far cheaper than the exotic alter­ view of the news media industry is the publication or broadcast by the news natives of freezing gas in Algeria or Rus­ realization of the people involved that media. I know from personal conversa­ sia and transporting it by tanker to our they work not for profit alone, but are tions with reporters in my Congressional shores at a cost of $1.30 an mcf up as employed in a trade or profession which District that they are finding an increas­ compared to the current average price through the years has become an integral ing reluctance on the part of S()l.1N08 to under regulation of about 0.20 per mcf. part of our functioning democratic Re­ reveal information. Regardless of what The FPC has already approved a base public. the courts may tell us, there is no writ­ load project of Algerian LNG for our I cite these points, because responsi­ ten or implied intent for reporters to be­ east coast, and that is not all. Also at a bility is a two-edged sword. Implicit in come investigators or informers for the cost of $1.30 an mcf and up, pipelines any bill introduced to help protect the Goverrunent. are turning to manufacturing synthetic freedom of press. I feel, is the tacit un­ I need not cite countries where the gas from naphtha and natural gas derstanding that the news media must news medi·a, which are allowed to op­ liquids, thereby threatening to increase exercise responsibility in fulfilling its un­ erate, enjoy that incestual relationship, the shortages of vital f eedstocks for written obligations. The results, W1fortunately, speak for manufacturing. How the FPC can bold While publicity has highlighted the themselves. the wellhead price on an area rate bases problems of news source protection in Balanced against this need to protect to 26 cents in south Louisiana and, at big cities such as New York and Los An­ news sources is the other constitutional the same time permit gas to be sold at geles, this is an issue that is every bit right of accused persons to their sixth $1.30 an mcf from a plant is explained as important in small towns throughout amendment rights including the right by the way the Natural Gas Act has been the country from the vantage point of to be confronted by the witnesses against both news media integrity and respon­ them. construed, but the result is intolerable to sibility. The publisher and employees of the American consumer. I urge the Con­ I feel the "News Media Source Pro­ a small town weekly must exercise their tection Act" meets these tests, because it gress to join me in enacting this Vital unique responsibility as much as the is reasonable and fair legislation. It legislation which will do no more than publisher and employees of the New SM>ids extremes and attempts to in­ allow natural gas to compete on equal York Times if the concept of press free­ stitute the application of common sense terms with oil and coal in the interstate dom is to reta.fn its credibility as a great and good judgment to a sensitive and market. ·but unwritten tradition of this Nation. Vital issue. February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3081 This bill provides two levels of pro­ open and democratic society. I under­ the great tradition through which it had tection for news sources. score these remarks, but want it under­ come to represent the wishes and hopes of a majority of the American people-the tra­ At the first level, there is absolute pro­ stood that I firmly believe that a modi­ dition of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Harry S Tru­ tection. A newsman cannot be forced to cum of irresponsibility by the press is man, Adlai Stevenson, John F. Kennedy, reveal his sources to a Federal Grand far healthier for the Nation than any Lyndon B. Johnson and Hubert H. Humphrey. Jury• .Agency, Commission, Department measure of irresponsibility by the Gov­ In nominating these men for the Presi­ or both Houses of Congress and their ernment. dency, the Democratic Party repeatedly pro­ committees. This prohibits the "fish­ For almost 200 years, the tradition claimed its earnest intention to build a bet­ ing expeditions" that have been that began with John Peter Zenger has ter nation and a better world along the lines launched throughout the country since of certain principles. And in electing Demo­ served this Nation and its people well. cratic Presidents for twenty-eight of the last the 5 to 4 Supreme Court ruling that No matter how each of us individually forty years, the American people repeatedly holds newsmen possess no first amend­ defines freedom of the press, the fact endorsed these Democratic concepts of prog­ ment rights to protection of their that we attempt to define it shows how ress, which were keyed to six driving ideas: sources. ingrained is this principle to us. An ever expanding opportunity for indi­ At the second level, there is qualified James Madison, in a letter dated Au­ viduals without regard to race, class, sex, or protection. This means where a specified gust 4, 1822, wrote: ethnic origin; crime is being tried in Federal Court, A popular Government, without popular An ever fairer distribution of the fruits information, or the means of acquiring it, of the country's vast wealth and productiv­ strict tests must be met to compel a ity; newsman to reveal his source. These is but a Prologue to a farce or a tragedy; or, perhaps both. Knowledge will forever A sustained effort, through colllpensatory qualifications require, first, there be in­ action, to give those who have by birth and dependent evidence that material sought govern ignorance; and a people who mean to be their own governors, must arm them­ background been disadvantaged a full oppor­ is substantial evidence, direct evidence selves with the power which knowledge gives. tunity to compete as equals in American life; and essential evidence as to the central A sober but spirited assumption of Ameri­ issue being tried. Second, that with rea­ Knowledge, as well as the freedom to ca's share of responsibility for the establish­ sonable effort there was not or is not acquire knowledge, has served us well ment of a more secure international com­ any other way to obtain the evidence. for almost 200 years. I believe enactment munity; of the "News Source Protection Act" A knowledge that without delllocratic or­ Third. the trial must be for the crime of der there can be no justice and without murder, forcible rape, aggravated as­ would uphold and perpetuate this tradi­ justice there can be no democratic order; sault, kidnapping, hijacking or, once a tion. A belief that democracy works and that it national security breach has been proven, works because American voters are wisely and there is a central issue as to breach of prudently aware of their own sell-interest. COME HOME, DEMOCRATS classified national security documents or THE "NEW POLITICS" HAS FAILED a breach of a court order of a national In the turbulence and confusion of the security statute. HON. JAMES G. O'HARA past years, the national Democratic Party has A judge would make his determination come to be unduly influenced by forces and OF MICHIGAN ideas both unrepresentative of and hostile to in chambers so the source would not be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES revealed during the course of arguments. traditional Democratic principles. Wednesday, January 31, 1973 The belief that the security of the United This bill specifically designates what States depends upon a stable and progressive constitutes sources. These include writ­ Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Speaker, as many world community has been challenged by the ten, oral and pictorial communications, Americans are aware, there is now a ma­ idea that the United States must withdraw and written notes, tapes, outtakes and jor movement underway to return the from its international responsibilities and news film. Persons and information thus Democratic Party to traditional party effect a serious diminution of its own power. are effectively granted protection. The belief that America is a great nation principles. Tue recently announced seeking to correct major inequities has been A full and detailed definition of news­ formation of the. Coalition for a Demo­ challenged by the idea that American society men to be covered by this act is included. cratic Majority is part of that move­ is sick and guilty, morally bankrupt and in­ Language is detailed on whom is a bona ment. herently corrupt. fide newsman with the suggestion that The coalition's efforts will be based The idea that social progress is best one who is regularly engaged in as a pro­ upon the premise that a majority of served by a balancing of the conflicting fession or earns his principal income Americans will support a national po­ rights, needs, and demands of many different from his news activities fits the defini­ litical party which is progressive, inter­ kinds of people has been challenged by the tion. claim of an elite faction that it knows what nationalist, and firmly committed to is best for others. Of particular importance is the provi­ equal opportunity for all Americans if The principle of individual merit without sion which provides for immediate ap­ that party nominates candidates who regard to inherited status has been chal­ peal rights at the Federal court level for can appeal to voters of every region and lenged by the idea of proportionalism in ac­ newsmen ordered to reveal testimony economic class and if that party's pro­ cordance with birth and group origin. after the strict tests of the act have been grams are perceived as promoting eco­ The belief that order is essential to justice met and the judge rules against him. nomic and social justice in a rational has been diluted by an attitude of cavaUer This will prevent the deplorable practice disregard for the tens of millions of Amer­ and equitable fashion. icans who are genuinely concerned about of judges throwing newsmen into jail In the interest of giving the broadest public safety and respect for law. even when they have announced an im­ possible exposure to the aims and as­ In the service of such new forces and mediate intension to appeal. pirations of the Coalition for a Demo­ ideas a "New Politics" has developed-a pol­ This is a long and detailed bill that is cratic Party, I am inserting in the REC­ itics new in its contempt for the very people not designed as a throwaway to the boys ORD the following statement, entitled and institutions on which the Democratic in the pressroom. Rather, it is a care­ "Come Home, Democrats," which sums Party has built its electoral strength. It is a fully drafted and fair measure that up how we, in coalition, feel: "New Politics" that has derided the orga­ recognizes the American people are en­ nized labor movement, driving it from its COME HOME, DEMOCRATS traditional place in the vanguard of the titled to access to a free press operating The 1972 Presidential election has provided Democratic coalition. It is a "New Politics" without fear of government instrusion. the Democratic Party with a stern lesson­ that has sneered at the greatness of Amer­ It recognizes that the Congress can act and we believe with an historic opportunity ica. It is a "New Politics" that has dismissed within the province of its legislative as well. as morally unworthy the long-range values authority. And, hopefully, it spells out As Democrats we naturally cannot find it and daily concerns of tens of millions of that the news media, Government and in our hearts to applaud the fact that the ordinary people. And finally, and tragically, the people all have a stake in preserving American electorate has turned its back on it is a "New Politics" that has allowed the our party's candidate for the Presidency. Republican Party-a party so long and so ac­ and perpetuating the concept of a free Nevertheless, we do not view the result.s of curately known as the party of privilege-to press. this election as the expression of some sweep­ represent itself for the first time as the In my earlier remarks, I alluded to ing new shift to the Republicans. champion of such values and concerns. what I feel is the responsibility of the We see the 1972 election, rather, as a clear The fact is, however, that it has always news media in exercising its role in an signal to the Democratic Party to return to been the Democratic Party-not the Repub- 3082 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 lican-that is the natural home of people chartered in Washingto11, D.C. It will be I personally was saddened by his death concerned with the expansion of individual active ill policy formulation and political opportunity in America. It is the Democratic organization aimed at revitalizing the Demo­ this January 18, for he had been a friend Party-not the Republican-that has always cratic Party, and in general encouraging and of mine for many years. been deeply concerned with the basic free­ contributing to all those forces working to­ Al Elliott was a Member of the House doms of expression and association. It has ward the re-formation of a. Democratic ma­ from 1937 to 1949. He was elected as a always been the Democratic Party-not the jority in America.) Democrat to the 75th Congress to fill the Republican-that has been the most deeply Joseph Bishop, Professor, Yale Law School; vacancy caused by the death of Henry concerned with responsible action abroad in author, Obiter Dicta. E. Stubbs. He was reelected to the 76th ·t he interests of world peace and security. Honorable Richard Bolling, Congressman And it is the Republican Party-as has re­ (D), 5th Congressional District, Missouri. Congress and to the four succeeding cently been revealed-that has acquiesced in Bill Cornnell, President, Concept Films; Congresses. He chose not to run for re­ a cynical and criminal undermining of the former Executive Assistant to Vice President nomination in 1948, but instead decided essential decency of the American political Hubert Humphrey. to remain in Tulare. process. Midge Deeter, Literary Editor, World mag­ Al was a resident of Tulare from 1910 REAL PROGRESS STILL CAN BE ACHIEVED azine; former Executive Editor, Harper's where he attended the public schools. Magazine; author, The New Chastity. He was also engaged in farming and Now the voters have spoken. In the weeks Honorable Thomas S. Foley, Congressman and months ahead many interpretations will (D), 5th Congressional District, Washington. livestock raising, and served as secre­ be offered as to what they have said. There Nathan Glazer, Professor of Sociology, Har­ tary-manager of the Tulare County Fair, will be talk of a. "realignment" of political vard University; co-author, Beyond the Melt­ beginning in 1929. His other duties in­ forces, of a large-scale shift in political sen­ ing Pot. cluded the chairmanship of the Tulare timent. It will be argued that the American Patricia Roberts Harris, former Ambassador County Board of Supervisors from 1933 people have been "moving to the right". Or to Luxemburg; Chairman, Credentials Com­ the defeat will be attributed to the inepti­ to 1937. mittee, 1972 Democratic National Conven­ Al retired from public life in 1965 and tude of the candidate rather than to a re­ tion; attorney . jection of the ideas and forces he was Max Kampelman, attorney. Legislative lived at his home close to the fairgrounds. thought to represent. Counsel, Senator Hubert H. Humphrey; au­ He made many friends in and around We do not believe that these alibis are thor, The Communist Party Versus the CIO. Tulare and he will be remembered not valid. we believe that in repudiating the Robert Keefe, political consultant; former only for his outstanding work as a Con­ Democratic/"New Politics" presidential can­ campaign aide to Senator Hubert H. Hum­ gressman, but for his leadership in his didacy in this election while re-electing a phrey; former administrative assistant to community for so many years. Democratic Congress, the voters were speak­ Senator Birch Bayh. I have had the opportunity of his ing with precision and sophistication. What Penn Kemble, Chairman, Frontlash; con­ they said was that American society should tributor Commentary magazine; former staff counsel during the last few yea1·s when continue on in that very Democratic tradi­ member, League for Industrial Democracy. I would visit him at his home. In Decem­ tion which, abandoned by the forces tem­ Jeane (Mrs. Evron M.) Kirkpatrick, Asso­ ber of 1972, I sat with him in his living porarily in control of the national Demo­ ciate Professor Political Science, Georgetown room and I remember his words to me. cratic Party in 1972, was usurped in some University; author, Leader & Vanguard in He said, "Don't give up trying-do your measure by the Republicans. Mass Society. best." · Accordingly, we founding sponsors of the Seymour Martin Lipset, Professor of Gov­ We will remember Alfred Elliott, for Coalition for a Democratic Majority issue ernment, Harvard; author, The First New this call: Nation, Political Man. he always did his best. To all who believe this society must end Honorable James G. O'Hara, Congressman all forms of discrimination against some (D), 12th Congressional District, Michigan; without recourse to discrimination against former Chairman, Democratic Study Group. others; Norman Podhoretz, editor, Commentary THE FREE PRESS CONTROVERSY­ To all who believe in a pluralistic political magazine; author, Making It. WHAT IT MEANS process in which no single group or class Austin Ranney, Professor of Political Sci­ enjoys a special moral status; ence, University of Wisconsin. member, To all who believe that, regardless of past McGovern-Fraser Commission on Party miscalculations or failures of policy, United Structure and Delegate Selection; author, HON. JEROME R. WALDIE States involvement in international affairs Paths to Parliament. OF CALIFORNIA continues to be necessary to the establish­ Richard Ravitch, business executive, con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment of a stable and viable international struction. order; John P. Roche, columnist; Professor of Wednesday, January 31, 1973 To all who believe that while our society Politics, Brandeis University; former Na­ must be vastly improved, it has not failed- Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, on the first tional Chairman, Americans for Democratic day of this session, I introduced legisla­ Join with us in the Coalition for Demo­ Action; former Special Assistant to Presi­ cratic Majority, a new organization dedi­ dent Lyndon B. Johnson. tion providing unqualified protection to cated to returning the Democratic Party to Peter Rosenblatt, attorney; former Special newsmen from compulsion to reveal their its rightful role as spokesman for the ma­ Consultant to Senator Edmund S. Muskie; sources by the courts or other govern­ jority of the American people, as the party former aide to President Lyndon B. Johnson. mental agencies. of progress, freedom, and security for all. Bayard Rustin, Director, A. Philip Ran­ Mr. Speaker, I would like to call the PART OF THE FAULT HAS BEEN OURS dolph Institute; author, Down the Line. attention of my colleagues to two articles In recent years the American public dis­ Richard Schifter, attorney; Vice President, which appeared in the January 14 issue course has been flooded by expressions of Maryland State Board of Education; Chair­ of the Los Angeles Times. The articles the "New Politics" point of view. In part, man, Montgomery County Democratic Policy deal with the value of confidentiality as this happened because people who disagreed Association. in spoke up only as single private voices or Ben Wattenberg, co-author, The Real a tool of the reporter major news didn't speak up at all. Majority. former campaign aide to Senator stories and an editorial concerning the It is the intention of the Coalition for a Henry M. Jackson, former aide to President power to suffocate. Democratic Majority to speak out forcefully Lyndon B. Johnson. I hope my colleagues will take the and frequently as a public voice-in the The Coalition for a Democratic Majority, time to read these articles with the end hope of redressing the intellectual balance Box 28181, Central Station, Washington, D.C. · result being the passage of a no-qualifica­ in America. In this way, among others, we 20005. tion newsmen's privilege bill. believe we can contribute to restoring the The articles follow: Democratic Party to its rightful place of THE NEED FOR CONFIDENTIAL SOURCES-SOME leadership. THE LATE HON. ALFRED J. ELLIOTT PRIZE EXAMPLES So if you believe, as we do, that the time­ "Liste11 to an informant whom we'll call honored and progressive principles of the HON. ROBERT B. (BOB) MATHIAS Joe," reported Malcolm Johnson in the old Democratic Party are still essentially sound New York Sun, "because that's not his name principles, if you believe tha,t they have been OF CALIFORNIA and Joe feels that he's marked for death violated, if you believe that thinking men IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for having crossed the Bowers mob." and women acting together in common cause Wednesday, January 31, 1973 With the help of Joe and other unnamed can make a better society, then join with sources, Johuson wrote a. Pultizer Prize win­ us in Th·e Coalition for a Democratic Ma­ Mr. MATHIAS of California. Mr. ning series of articles in 1948 that touched jorit y. Speaker, many Members in this Chamber off official investigations and exposed New (The Coalition for a Democratic Majority will remember Congressman Alfred J. York's waterfront gangs. is a dues-paying, membership orge:.nization Elliott from Tulare, Calif. Digging reporters such as Johnson have February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3083 always found the use of "Joes" a necessary Neil Sheehan of the New York Times also a direct effect on the handling of the Bald­ tool. refused to divulge the source of his award­ win story by Times' reporters. The combination of the Joes and the jour­ winning stories on the Pentagon Papers. But Two reporters, concerned that the govern­ nalists of America has produced some of the the government, acting on information ob­ ment might attempt to suppress publication nation's greatest exposes, including such tained independently of the New York paper, of the story, stayed up until 4: 20 a.m. on modern day disclosures as the Pentagon Pa­ charged Daniel Ellsberg and Anthony Russo Oct. 4 dictating the story from New Haven, pers, the My Lai massacre and the Water­ with leaking the documents, and the two Conn., near Baldwin's home, to a recorder in gate bugging scandal. In fact, because con­ are now being tried in a federal court in The Times' editorial offices in Los Angeles. fidential sources usually help uncover infor­ Los Angeles. Several hours later attorneys for Baldwin mation other people try to conceal from the The articles, based on a secret Defense De­ who had approved the interview and the public, the stories "they pToduce generally a.re partment study of the Vietnam war, showed story telephoned the reporters and asked considered public-service journalism. that U.S. officials had repeatedly lied that the story not be published. They said "Every Pultizer Prize won for coverage of or distorted facts in public pronouncements government attorneys, upon learning from the Vietnam war, beginning with those won on the war over a period of years. them that the story was about to be pub­ . by Malcolm Browne of the AP and Da'Vid Seymour M. Hersh, who won a Pulitzer for lished, had threatened to withdraw the im­ Halberstam of the New York Times in 1964, breaking the My Lai massacre story for Dis­ munity from prosecution Baldwin had been depended on confidential sources," John patch News Service in 1969, says his con:f:l.­ promised in return for his testimony at the Hohenberg, secretary of the Pultizer Prize dential sources for the story included three Watergate trial. Baldwin, the government at­ Advisory Boa.rd, said in an interview. Army officers, a congressman and two con­ torneys warned, might be indicted or held in "Browne and Halberstam were challenging gressiona.l aides. contempt if the story were published. the truthfulness of the United States gov­ "At that time we still had the weight of Several hours later a government attorney ernment in saying the war was being won 200 years of freedom on our side," says telephoned Baldwin's attorneys again to say in 1963 and that the strategic hamlet pro­ Hersh, now a New York Times reporter. "And that Judge Sirica had signed a court order gram was a success in beating back the Viet we weren't concerned about pressure to re­ prohibiting any witnesses from commenting Cong," Hohenberg said. "Their reports veal sources. Things have certainly shifted." on the case and that Baldwin could be held showed the program was a failure and a The Washington Post, Newsweek, Time and in contempt if the story were printed. farce and they certainly didn't get such in­ the Los Angeles Times all relied extensively Times editors, however, decided to publish formation from official government sources. on confidential sources in exclusive investi­ the story, which ran Oct. 5. The reasoning They had to get out and get it :firsthand from gative stories on the Watergate case. was that it was in the public interest and people in the lower echelons." The Times, the only newspaper to have two that Baldwin had Withdrawn his approval Today, with reporlet's being Jailed for re­ of its staff members jailed over the question only because of government intimidation. fusing to disclose the names of confidential of confidentiality, has used such sources for The Times' l'eporters, concerned that the sources, Hohenberg believes "we are head­ many of its major stories. government would attempt to seize the ing into a period as bad as the time of the Editor William F. Thomas, in an affidavit tapes, mailed them to an editor in Los Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 when news­ filed in federal court in Washington, said Angeles for security purposes. Five days later papermen were thrown into jail for some confidentiality was a major factor in Times' Earl J. Silbert, chief prosecutor in the Water­ of the things they published." stories in 1965 and 1968 that won Pulitzer gate case, warned one of the reporters that Until recent instances, the only case this Prizes. The first involved coverage of the the tapes would be subpoenaed. "If we don't century of a reporter's jailing that "really Watts riot and its aftermath and the second subpoena them, the -0.e!ense will," Silbert stirred up the nation's newspapermen," described city government operations and said. The defense subsequently did, of Hobenberg said, was the jailing of Martin resulted in indictments and convictions of course. Mooney of the old New York American in public officials. Although congressmen say their mail on 1985. Mooney was fined $250 and sentenced Thomas' affidavit listed several other the subject is light, Congress now has before to 30 days for refusing to Teveal sources of a Times stories that depended on confidential it about two dozen bills that would protect gambling story to a New York Grand Jury. sources for in1'ormation and involved the po­ newsmen from subpoenas that would violate "Nobody really ever bothered us much tential of civil or criminal litigation. They confidences. Meanwhile, some investigative about our sources before or after the Mooney included: reporters have talked of destroying notes or case until now," Hohenberg said. A massive study of the Queen Mary tapes of sensitive interviews, much as FBI Two other less celebrated cases involved conversion, involving millions of dollars in agents destroy their notes of interviews after Marie Torre of the old New York Herald­ tidelands oil monies; stories on the califor­ preparing a statement for a witness. Tribune, who served 10 days in Jail rather nia Legislature which brought changes in than reveal the source of a controversial col­ legislative operations; a study of the Black umn on singer Judy Garland, and Annette Panthers in Southern California.; an article THE POWER To SUFFOCATE Leasley Buchanan, a student at the Univer­ detailing important aspects of the Son Tay The first freedom of a free man is free­ sity of Oregon, who was threatened with a prison raid in Vietnam; an expose of Ku Klux dom of the mind, but that freedom is of little jail sentence in 1968 for refusing to reveal the Klan terrorists in the South; an article on value without access to information and the source for an article on campus marijuana the controversy over oil imports, and a story opinions of others. use to a Lane County Grand Jury in Eugene, concerning the relationship between Abe This freedom is always under attack from Oreg. Fortas, then Supreme Court justice, and the many directions and many in:tluences, subtle Since last year when the Supreme Court Wol!son Foundation. and otherwise; private organizations and ruled 5 to 4 (with all four of the Nixon ap­ Thomas' affidavit was filed in connection powerful individuals assiduously promote pointees on the majority side) that jour­ with a case last month in which defense their views of the world, while trying to limit ne.lists had no FiTst; Amendment rights to attorneys subpoenaed the tapes of a. 5¥.z-hour that same right for others. withhold confidential sources from grand recorded interview which was the basis for Fear of these influences and pressures can juries, more than a dozen reporters have a first-person story by Al!red C. Baldwin m, cause self-censorship, yet they can be re­ been jailed for refusing to reveal sources the government's key witness in the Water­ sisted; this demands some courage, but with­ of information obtained in confidence. gate case. out a modicum of courage people can never Reporter William Farr of the Los Angeles In this case the source was known: John gain or preserve their liberty. Times spent 46 days in jail before being re­ F. Lawrence. The Times' Washington bureau But the chief threat to freedom in the leased Thursday by order of Supreme Court chief, was jailed briefly for refusing to relin­ modern world, as indeed it always has been, Justice William 0. Douglas pending an ap­ quish the tapes. The Times resisted the .sub­ stems from the power of government. Jus­ peal now before the U.S. 9th Circuit Court poena. on grounds that the reporters had tice William 0. Douglas noted this recently. of Appeals. promised Baldwin that the interview itself "As the years pass, the power of govern­ Although some sources simply dislike the would be confidential and that only material ment," he said, "becomes more and more limelight, especially in a controversiaJ. mat­ he approved for an article under his byline pervasive. It is the power to suffocate both ter, a major reason that sources -often insist would be released. people and causes." on confidentiality is that they fear retalia­ The matter in this case, but not the issue, He warned against this power in his dis­ tion from persons they help expose. was resolved, however, when The Times, at sent from the Supreme Court's decision last Depending on the case, the retaliation the request of Baldwin and his a.ttorneys, re­ June in the cases of three newsmen who feared could include the loss of a job and linquished the tapes to U.S. District Judge were denied the right to protect their sources friends, unfair prosecution, physical punish­ John J. Sirica. Baldwin said he was volun­ of confidential information from the inquiry ment or even murder. tarily waiving the confidentiality agreement of a grand jury. What can happen when a source is identi­ beoause there was nothing contradictory be­ That decision, which whittled down First fied was indicated by the Ku Klux Klan's tween the interview and his first-person Amendment protections ot the press, re­ treatment o:l a man it thought was Malcolm vealed, in the dissenting words of Justice Johnson's in.formant for his expose of the story and he wanted to eliminate any ques­ Potter Stewart, "a disturbing insensitivity Klan. Johnson, now a New York public re­ tion the continued withholding of the tapes to the critical role of an independent press lations consultant, said he never revealed might raise about his credibility as a witness. in our society." the source, but the Klan picked the wrong The atm.osphere created by subpoenas of However, Justice Byron R. White, who man "and beat him badly and left him for newsmen and governmenit attempts to sup­ wrote the majority opinion, granted that dead" press publication of the Pentagon Papers had Congress could provide statutory protection - 3084 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 of newsmen against the compelled disclosure As one writer, Dr. David Read, puts it: find our way even through apparently over­ of information and its confidential sources. "You will notice how nearly all the really in­ whelming storms. Today, it has become evident that Con­ teresting people you meet are a prey to some We will never get lost! gress must act to protect the confidential kind of nervous habit. Only the stupid, the 2. The dread of carrying the responsibi lity relationship between reporters and their dull, or the saints who have achieved su­ of what happens is removed. sources. That relationship is essential. With­ preme detachment have remained unaffected. What a dreadful moment it was on tha·t out it, the news media will be effectively All the rest are betraying signs of jumpiness Good Friday morning long ago, when the barred from conveying information to the and overstrain." Jerusalem mob, spurred on by the cunning, public that has a vital bearing on the pub­ So often people cannot get along with each ruthless, religious leaders, shouted out­ lic's welfare. other because they cannot get along with "His blood be upon us and upon our chil­ The privilege must be unqualified. It is themselves; and they cannot get along with dren!" What they were saying was this-"We not in actuality, as it has so often been de­ themselves because they have never really are quite ready to take complete responsibil­ scribed, a "newsmen's privilege." Rather, it submitted themselves to God. ity for our actions!" But it is often this sense is the public's right to be informed by the "Why are we so faded?" a young fellow of crushing, personal responsibility which news media free from government interfer­ asked his mother. People are "faded" because gets us down. But I believe God says to each ence, whether that interference comes from they haven't the red blood of an inner cer­ one of us-"As long as you try to do My Will, a court, a legislature or any other agency of tainty coursing through them. The colours I will accept responsibility for whatever hap­ government. in which they have dyed life have "run." pens. I will carry that burden for you. I will Sen. Alan Cranston (D-Calif.) has intro­ They were not "fast" colours to begin with. direct you, and the consequences are My duced a bill (SB 158) to provide this protec­ And in the downpour of calamity, and the responsibility, not yours!" tion, and a companion measure will be intro­ stress of hum.an living the colours of life I heard recently of a little girl whose duced Monday in the House of Representa­ have become faded. The plain truth is that mother was obliged to be away from the home tives by Rep. Jerome R. Waldie (D-Calif.). if people are to get power and poise, sparkle for a time, and the child had the task of These bills would protect newsmen from and buoyancy back into life, they can get housekeeping for her father and several the forced disclosure of the source of any these priceless things only as they sub­ smaller brothers and sisters. One can imagine published or unpublished information or mit to the will of God, and are dead sure the burden of responsibility which the child the compelled revelation of any unpublished of the guidance of God. carried. But she bore up bravely, and carried information. They would cover both the fed­ I heard of a canary once that would never out her duties splendidly. But, when her eral government and _the state government. sing until after it had its bath. Our souls mother returned home, one can realize the While the passage of these bills would are like that. Until we get a bath that relief of the little girl as she exclaimed-"Oh make state legislation unnecessary, Assem­ cleanses away all fears, all uncertainties, all Mother, I'm so glad that you have come blymen Walter Karabian (D:-Monterey Park) guilt, all sense of not being in the Will of home!" Remember, the child would probably and William T. Bagley (R-San Rafael) have God, the soul will not sing. But a tremend­ still perform most of the duties she had been int1·oduced similar bills (AB 1 and AB 4, re­ ous thing happens to you when you honestly doing before, but the difference was this­ spectively) to strengthen the existing pro­ seek God's guidance, and obey the con­ her mother now bore the responsibility! I feel tections in California. ditions and employ the methods whereby that the illustration does at least point up This legislation, federal and state, deserves guidance comes, and it is this-there comes this truth-that when we submit our will to support from the public, for it is the pub­ an inner peace at the very core of your being, the Will of God, in a real sense we can say to lic's right to be informed that is at stake. even though all the world is in tumult. God-"I'm so glad you have come!" We are As the old gospel hymn has it- now no longer carrying out a set of duties in "Peace, perfect peace, by thronging duties loneliness, and bearing the responsibility of pressed? To do the will of Jesus, this is rest!" life alone. We are trying to do the Will of SERMON BY REV. W. GRAHAM If we obey God's will we get results; if we One Who is all the time beside us, and Who SMITH don't, we get consequences! says to us-"All you have to do is to follow What are some of the results of obeying the plan I make clear to you day by day, God's Will? and the responsibility for what happens I will 1. We lose the fear of getting lost. carry for you!" HON. JACK BRINKLEY Every one knows the terror of the little Herein lies one of the great benefits of the OF GEORGIA child who gets lost and can't find his way morning "Quiet Time" of prayer and medita­ home. tion; for if, in the morning hour, you commit IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There is a good illustration for us here each part of the day, and each event of the Wednesday, January 31, 1.973 in the way the pilot of an aeroplane finds his day to God, then, when a difficulty arises way to his destination. A radio beam is sent during the day, you can derive strength and Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, during out from his home airport, and once he ts in courage and stability from the very thought­ the 92d Congress, one of our visiting that beam, he has only to follow it to find "Well, Lord, this morning I committed th0 Chaplains who opened the House in- his way. But if the aircraft veers off course; day into your keeping. I am trying to do eluded in his prayer the words, "grant and the pilot gets out of that directing what You would have me do-and You are us peace, but not peace at any price." His beam, a buzzer sounds in his earphones as responsible for seeing me through this prob­ hope for peace was in the example of the if to say-"You are going wrong! Get back lem; and I trust You to show me the path Prince of Peace. on the beam!" I think it is not stretching I am to talce!" the illustration to say that God sends out, If you think that this is a glib or super­ Similarly, the sermon preached by as it were, a beam of direction, namely, His ficial or naive way of coping with daily Rev. W. Graham Smith of Fairlington Will for us in those circumstances in which problems-I simply challenge you with this Presbyterian Church last Sunday is a we find ourselves. And so long as we remain question-"Do you spend fifteen minutes profound lesson for us all, offering guide- obedient to His guiding we have no fear of with God each morning before you step ou·1; lines to true tranquillity. getting lost, or of having our peace of mind to meet the duties of the day?" If you do, The sermon follows: destroyed. It is only when we deliberately get then you will not think me naive at all; and out of line with God, get off the beam, that if you don't, then try my prescription and SERMON PREACHED AT FAIRLINGTON PRESBY- real trouble ensues. see how it works! TERIAN CHURCH, ALEXANDRIA, VA., ON JANU- Naturalists tell us what happens, mechan­ 8. When we do God's Will, our basic con­ ARY 28, 1978, BY THE REVEREND w. GRA- ically, in the brain of a bird. In the late flicts are resolved. HAM SMITH spring, a swallow away in Africa, will take Of course, a certain amount of conflict is St. Matthew 11:29-30 off on a journey of thousands of miles, and essential for the strength .and .progress of "Take My yoke upon you, and learn from come back to the eaves of the same little vil­ the soul. Each temptation fought and con­ Me; for I am gentle and lowly in heart, and lage church in England where she built her quered makes us stronger to face the next you will find rest for your souls. For My yoke nest last year. She will not be deflected from temptation. The person who has to battle to is easy, and My burden is light." her course; she will not lose her way. She keep his faith in God when tragedy strikes his life, is the proper person to send to com­ GOD DOES GUIDE us (3) THE RESULTS will find a path through storms and driving winds, across seas, and over mountains, be- fort another man who has lost his wife in Overstrain; hypertension; nervous break- cause, even though mechanically, she is on an automobile accident. down; mental disorder; neuroses. These are the right "beam." Nevertheless, 11eedless conflict can play the commonplace words of modern vocabu- It is an·· awful thing not to know where havoc with our lives. Indecision is an enemy lary. In spite of the advances in medical you're going in life-to have no compelling of the soul. If a man when faced with a science, we hear of alarming increases in purpose-no shining goal of endeavour. Far moral issue hesitates, wondering what he nervous, mental and cardiac cases. Fear, in too ' many people simply drift through life, should do, wondering whether he should play one form or another, lays its icy hand on mul- and they miss life's choicest treasures be­ it safe by taking the line of least resistance, titudes of people. The world has accelerated cause, by failing to obey God's Will, they are ·then that man is an irresolute character. so amazingly during the past fifty years th-at ·failing to fulfil the splendid purpose for But, if we make this our guiding principle: almost everyone shares in the strain; for the which God caused them to be born. Let us "God helping me, I will do His Will as far as human body, in many cases, just can't keep : -remember, then, that by keeping within the I can see lt, regardless of the consequences," pace with modern living. · · · Will of ·God, by keeping "on the beam," we then that will answer most if not all of our February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3085' basic conflicts, and so bring us inner peace tion, the Boy Scouts of America.. With will give prompt attention fo this matter. and spiritual strength. . · . the. 63d anniversary of the founding of I include my letter to Secretary Shultz Some people, of course, try to _end their 8, moral conflicts simply by giving in to temp­ U.S. Scouting coming up on February at this point in the ·RECORD: tation, by opening the tap and letting their it is appropriate to include in the CON­ U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, emotions and instincts gurgle. But the plain GRESSIONAL RECORD Mr. Becken's editorial Washington, D.O., December 29, 1972. fact is that doing· wrong always sets up a. . tribute: Hon, GEORGE SCHULTZ, dozen conflicts where formerly there had ANNIVERSARY OF SCOUTING Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D.O. been only one. And tlie person who allows Sometimes w~ shudder at the thought of evil in any shape or form to master him is DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I am writing to urge today's youth becoming_tomorrow's leaders. an immediate reevaluation of the effect of really wading ever more deeply into the However, it is reassuring to recall that youth morass of spiritual death. revenue sharing on communities in my area organizations such as the Boy Scouts of of New Jersey. Bishop Gerald Kennedy of the Methodist America are working to develop future leaders Church ·says in his folksy way that the Will After examining the schedule of initial of strong moral character and sound convic­ payments to localities in my congressional of God is like after-shave lotion; you know tions, capable of carrying forward in strength it's going to sting your face, but you know district, it is apparent to me and to nu.mer­ and freedom the traditions of the United ous elected officials as wen as to ordinary also that it is good for you. So often doing States. God's will does sting; but we know that no taxpaying citizens, that gross inequities have It is appropriate that we give special rec­ occurred in the revenue sharing program by other way can bring peace. . ognition to the Boy Scouts of America this Again and again inner moral conflicts · virtue of the distribution formula employed February 8, as they celebrate the 63rd An­ by the Treasury Department. These inequi­ weaken and exhaust us, and so debilitate us niversary of the founding of Scouting in that· our· vital energies are wasted. Dr. J. A. ties must be promptly corrected in order to America. During the month of February, the restore public confidence in your Department Hadfield, the eminent psychologist, in one over 6 million Boy Scouts will be exhibiting of his books, tells how, in the mind of a and in the entire revenue sharing program. for the public the many Scouting skills which Municipalities are quite naturally disap­ soldier during World War I, the sense of lead to the development . of good character duty was so much in conflict with the desire pointed that actual payments, in most cases, traits, attitudes and self-reliance. Their have fallen far below earlier published esti­ to run away, promoted by the self-preserrva­ theme this .Anniversary is: "Scouting Today tion instinct, that a condition of paralysis mates. For example, Bloomfield was told to Is More Than You Think," and truly it is expect $606,000, yet Bloomfield is now in-_ of the legs was produced, which solved the just that because Scouting is engaged in an immediate problem but, of course, disabled formed it will be receiving less than $300,000. assortment of programs and projects which Similarly, West Orange had been led to be­ the patient. Hadfield wisely says-"By fac­ make the organization more relevant than ing our conflicts and deliberately making lieve it would receive $350,000, yet its entitle­ ever before to the needs and concerns of ment has been reduced to approximately our choice, by directing all our endeavours today's youth. One example is Operation to one great purpose, confidently, and fear­ $237,000. Irvington's payment has dropped Reach, an action plan to help curb drug from $660,000 to $444,000 and Orange's from lessly, the soul is restored to harmony and abuse. strength. - $590,000 to $336,000. . This Anniversary Celebration of the Boy Moreover, in many instances, communities As we close this morning, I would ask you Scouts of America -should remind us that to think about the lovely picture Christ in the same area, with virtually the same with organizations such as the Boy Scouts population level, identical local problems, painted in the words of our text-"Take My we can, · indeed, entrust tomorrow's well­ yoke upon you, and learn from Me; for I similar income levels and similar tax efforts, beh1g of our great nation to a well-qualified are receiving greatly divergent revenue shar­ am gentle and lowly in heart, and you win and responsible younger generation. find rest for your soul." It is the picture of ing payments. the strong, trained ox yoked With· the weak­ For example, the communities of Verona er, untried animal. The weaker has only to and Cedar Grove border each other, differ in pull his own weight an~ keep level w_ith the population by only a few hundred, cover al­ stronger.-The stronger carries the heavy end INEQUITIES IN REVENUE-SHARING most identical land areas, and have similar of the yoke. The stronger is responsible for PROGRAM . concerns, taxes, and income levels. Yet, Cedar the straight furrow, and for reaching the Grove has been granted nearly six times the end of it. If the weaker pulls out into a di­ amount of money as Verona. rection of his own, the yoke chafes his shoul­ HON. JOSEPH G. MINISH To cite just two more examples, Montclair ders and the burden becomes heavy. OF NEW JERSEY and South Orange are scheduled to receive much less per capita than nearby commu­ "Take My yoke upon you," says Jesus. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "Don't be proud, and self-assertive, and say nities despite the fact that the problems, 'I'm going my own way.' By doing that, you Wednesday, January 31, 1973 taxes, and incomes of all these localities do not differ to the extent reflected in their only make the yoke chaff your shoulders. Mr. MINISH. Mr. Speaker, on Decem· Walk with Me and it becomes easy. The re­ revenue sharing payments. sponsibility is taken from you, and the bur- ber 29, 1972, I wrote the Secretary of the These inequities, apparently, have resulted den becomes light!" · Treasury to bring to his attention cer· in large part from the different designa­ We all remember from our school days the tain inequiti.es which·have developed in tions borne by these localties. Townships are lovely poem by our own American poet, Wil­ the revenue-sharing program. treated differently than towns, villages, cities, liam Cullen Bryant, written as he wa~hed In my area of New Jersey, the formula and other types of local governments. Yet, the figure of a wild bird, flying, as it seemed, in my area, there is no significant difference employed to distribute Federal funds to between these localities in terms of the type into the very heart of the sunset. The last localities has resulted in great disparities verse long ago laid its spell upon me- or functions of their governments. The only in payments among similarly situated difference is in the designation itself. Is the "He Who, from zone to zone, communities. The only apparent reason Treasury Department, therefore, suggesting Guides through the boundless sky thy for these inequities is the different des· that, in order to gain more federal revenue certain flight, sharing funds, communities should change In the long way that I must tread alone, ignations borne by the localities. In New Jersey, within each ·county, their designations? Surely, this is absurd! Will lead my steps aright.'' Congress intended revenue sharing to be And it was a greater than Bryant who there exist "towns," "cities," "villages," administered in a fair and impartial man­ said- "boroughs," "townships," and so forth. ner, yet this is not the case in my area of "In all thy ways acknowledge Him, and Yet all these localities perform virtually New Jersey. Thus far, the program ha-s made He will direct thy paths." Amen. the same services and possess virtually a mockery of the Congress' genuine desire to the same jurisdiction. Until the revenue­ assist hard-pressed local governments. sharing program was launched, the only I demand that you act promptly to cor­ real difference between a township and a rect these obvious inequities lby immediately SALUTE TO SCOUTING borough, for example, was in the designa· invoking section 108d6 of the State and Local tion itself. Now these localities have Piscal Assistance Act of 1972, which permits found, some fortunately, others unfor· you to alter the effect of the Act in circum­ HON. ANCHER NELSEN tunately, that their individual designa· stances where its original purposes are not OF MINNESOTA tion has a great impact upon the amount being met. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of revenue-sharing money they are to To do less would leave numerous commu­ nities with a feeling of cynicism and bitter­ Wednesday, January 31, 1973 receive. Thus far, I have received only an ac­ ness towards a program which had originally Mr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, Hans held such great promise as an innovative knowledgment from the Treasury De· step in Federal relations with the States and Becken, editor of the Hanska Herald in partment. In the intei·est of fairness and my congressional district, recently wrote their localities. in order to preserve the confidence of my Sincerely yours, an P.ditori.al pointing out the great va.lue constituents in the equity of the revenue· JOSEPH G. MINISH, to America of the fine youth organiza. sharing program, I trust the Secretary Member of Congress. 3086 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 RECENT AGRICULTURE DEPART­ the Agriculture Department, when an­ I have asked OMB Director Roy Ash to MENT ACTIONS nouncing the termination of REAP, to investigate this matter and expedite re­ state in its "fact sheet" that-- lease of funds to FHA. HON. FRANK E. EV ANS Farmers are better able to pay for conser­ REA 2-percent loans: Since 1935, the vation practices than ever before. Rural Electrification Administration has OF COLORADO made it possible for millions of rural IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When, last year, the Department told the House Appropriations Committee's Americans who otherwise would not be Wednesday, January 31, 1973 Subcommittee on Agriculture-Environ­ served to receive electric service. Since Mr. EVANS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, mental and Consumer Protection, on 1949, REA has been providing telephone I am deeply disturbed over the Nixon ad­ which I sit, that-- service under the same low-interest loan ministration's recent termination of sev­ There is usually a loss of immediate income arrangement. These self-liquidating eral vital programs of the Department when a conservation system of farming is loans have been set at 2 percent since of Agriculture. All of these actions have adopted. Expected returns from some types 1944, which is a fair price for the Ameri­ been made in the name of :fighting infla­ of needed conservation measures (for ex­ can people to pay :for the electrification ample, terrace systems, erosion control struc­ of sparsely populated rural areas. Now tion. No one can argue with the admin­ tures, and forestry practices) will not equal istration's desire to stem the rise of infla­ the administration has proposed, in lieu their cost for a. long time ... There are greater of REA's 2-percent loans, the provision of tion, particularly in view of the rather risks in some types of needed conservation mixed record of the President in this area work than farmers and lenders are generally guaranteed-7% percent-and insured- since he imposed wage and price controls willing or able to assume. Ma.ny of these, in 5 percent-loans-at an increased cost of over 18 months ago. To the extent that the long run, may provide more benefits to at least 250 percent to those cooperatives Government spending contributes to in­ the public than to the farmer. (Italics solely dependent on REA's 2-percent flation, unnecessary spending should be added.) loans for their continued needs. cut. But I find it difficult to believe that The loss of REAP will be measured in Member co-ops in Colorado currently ,among the very first to be cut should be the inability of whole counties to pay for have nearly $40 million in applications programs · that have been of significant bulldozing work, for example, because no pending in Washington, D.C., and an­ assistance to rural Americans. individual farmer can afford to pay for ticipate that nearly $220 million in loan For every rural program that is cut, the work himself. applications would have been made in urban America sutrers, too, for the tre­ Farmers Home Administration emer­ the next 6 to 8 months. Three systems mendous outmigration from rural to gency loans: This program provides for in Colorado-all in the Third District urban areas continues to contribute emergency loans where a na·tural dis­ which I represent-are solely dependent mightily to the health, safety, and wel­ aster has caused a general need for agri­ on the 2-percent loans for their credit fare problems we are :faced with in our cultural credit. Third District citizens In fact, in fiscal year 1972 member co~ metropolitan areas. For the administra­ received over $200,000 in emergency loans ops in the Third District rec~ived over $13 tion to single out rural America for "be­ in fiscal year 1972 Recently, in the Third million in REA loans, and over $2 million nign neglect" is, without a doubt, a ma­ District, fruitgrowers suffered a freeze in in rural telephone loans. I am told that jor step backward in sound social policy. their orchards. The freeze was declared eight or nine co-ops in the State are out In the past 6 weeks, the administration a disaster area back in October, giving of money now, making their member­ has terminated-without giving the shred some growers a chance to apply for dis­ customers particularly susceptible to of legal or constitutional justification for aster loans by December 27. The growers power "brownouts" in the months ahead. its actions-the following programs in had been told that they had until June 1, New subscrtbers will simply have to wait the Department of Agriculture: 1973, to apply :for the loans, but on De­ unserved. Rural environmental assistance pro­ cember 27, the administration, without The vital need in the REA situation is gram-REAP: $225.5 million was appro­ any warning, announced they were ac­ for the administration to move rapidly priated for the current fiscal year by the cepting no more loan applications as of to make some Federal credit available Congress. This program, and its predeces­ that date. Many growers in our area have ~ those co-ops which are currently fac­ sor, the agricultural conservation pro­ apparently been left out in the cold be­ mg a cash shortage. Five-percent loans gram, have contributed greatly to the cause of this sudden action. The admin­ are better than no loans at all, although, farmer's ability to minimize erosion, con­ istration "fact sheet" treats the termina­ of course, the increase in interest rates serve water, conserve woodland and wild­ tion of the emergency loan program­ will undoubtedly result in higher utility life areas, and lessen rural pollution. This which included a 1-percent interest rate rates for member-customers. In the long was a cost-sharing program, with every and a $5,000 "forgiveness"-as an "ex­ run, however, we must restore the 2- Government dollar requiring investment pansion" of its operating loan program percent loans. Since the demand for by a farmer or rancher, with a $2,500 despite the fact that farmers and grower; power among REA co-ops is 33 percent limit on payments to any individual. struck by a natural disaster will be forced faster ~han in the industry as a whole, Without the availability of Government to bear a 587-percent interest rate in­ according to Government :figures, the funds, the Government admits that the crease over the level established by law urgency for restoration of continuity in small farmer and rancher will find it very last year. REA financing is evident. difficult to pay for conservation protec­ What about farmers and ranchers !J'HA rural housing subsidies: Two­ tion. In fiscal year 1972, farmers and whose crops or livestock are imperiled by th1rds of our substandard housing lies ranchers in our Third Congressional Dis­ natural disasters from now on? The op­ outside our cities, and the need for ade­ trict received over $1.5 million in REAP erating loan program may be available quate housing in rural areas is obvious funds, and since the administration an­ to them, but at a greatly increased inter­ if we are ever going to be able to make nounced the termination of REAP, I have est rate, as I have noted above. a reality of the rhetoric of rural develop­ received many letters from farmers and Does the administration propose to aid ment. The administration has now an­ ranchers who have benefited from REAP the victims of natural disasters in for­ nounced that three programs in the area cost-sharing funds, and need those funds eign countries-like Nicaragua-in a of rural housing will be discontinued to continue this vital work. more liberal fashion than its own citi­ during an 18-month evaluation study: The agriculture conservation program, zens? Unfortunately, if the answer is yes Housing loans to poor families involving now known as REAP, has been respon­ many marginal operators may be forced an interest subsidy, rental and coopera­ sible for curing many of the problems of to leave the land when and if they are the Dust Bowl, and for the creation of struck by devastating weather conditions. tive housing loans, and farm labor hous­ fallback water facilities for livestock And additional inequity facing farmers ing grants and loans. The administration areas. The many new requirements who got their applications into FHA on has made across-the-board cuts in hous­ placed on farmers and ranchers by the time-before December 27-is that FHA ing programs, in the name of fighting Environmental P1·otection Agency and ran out of operating funds around De­ inflation by cutting Government spend­ other antipollution agencies will place a cember 1, and is still awaiting the receipt ing, but officials of the Farmers Home heavy. if not impossible. burden on those of more funds from the President's Office Administration were unable - to supply farmers and ranchers without the assist­ of Management and Budget. Unfortu­ me with :figures as to the amount of ance of REAP ~ost-sharing payments. nately, an OMB official has told me that money to be saved by terminating these Thus, it was highly disingenuous for this process may take sever.al more weeks. programs. In Colorado's Third District, February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3087 over $4.6 million in rural housing loans against the Shell Oil Co. and Shell reveal whether employees are or are not were made available in fiscal year 1972. Chemical Co. which have refused to bar­ suffering health damages due to exposures in How are we going to maintain any sem­ gain with it on issues of health and the work place. blance of rural development if we con­ safety and an employee pension plan. It 3. The company agrees to provide to the union annually full statistics on morbidity tinue to cut into those programs aimed is noteworthy that all other major oil and mortality of employees. This is informa­ at making rural life more attractive? companies have already agreed with the tion that will be of great value to occupa­ FHA water and waste disposal pro­ union on these matters. It is only Shell tional health researchers as it will reveal grams: The water and waste disposal that has not. whether there is undue incidence of any program of the FHA provided $100 mil­ The OCA W considers the companies' particular ailment which might be relatecJ lion to associations and municipal present refusal to negotiate on these key to work exposures. agencies to develop water storage and issues to be so serious as to call for a EMPLOYEE PENSIONS waste disposal programs on a 50-50 national boycott of Shell products. Shell has consistently refused to bargain matching basis with the localities. While So that my colleagues may have the on employee pensions and it confuses the the administration claims that the Fed­ benefit of the union's reasons for its issue in its propaganda to employees by in­ eral Water Pollution Control Act of 1972 actions I am including the OCA W's letter terlocking its substandard pension plan with and revenue-sharing funds are sufficient in the RECORD at this point: an employee savings plan known as the "Provident Fund." to meet these needs, this is clearly not WHY OCA W Is STRDCING AND ASKING This year, the other oil companies have the case, what with the administration's A BOYCO"rr OF SHELL granted various pension improvements and, already having impounded nearly half OIL CHEMICAL AND ATOMIC more importantly, they have agreed to es­ of the authorized funds under the Water WORKERS INTERNATIONAL UNION, tablish top-level labor-management commit­ Pollution Control Act for the next 2 Denver, Colo., January 24, 1973. tees to review and study existing pension years. Shell Oil Company and Shell Chemical plans. Such committees will be at the cor­ The question is, What to do about it? Company have refused to agree to terms with porate and international union level and will The short answer is that no one knows the union which have been agreed to by al­ have full access to necessary information. most the entire U.S. oil industry. This top-level review arrangement is of exactly what will or can be done. The New contracts have been signed with particular importance in the oil industry. administration has acted, in my opin­ American Oil, Atlantic Richfield, Gulf, OCAW has been obliged to negotiate at the ion, unconstitutionally, for it has abro­ Texaco, Mobil, Exxon, Union, Standard of plant level, while obviously company pen­ gated the Congress' right to set national Ohio, Cities Service, Continental and sion plans must be designed at top corporate policy in terms of what programs will or Phillips, as well as many smaller companies level. The various companies pension plans will not be carried out. But limiting the with which OCA W has bargaining relation­ have grown up separately over the years, Executive's right to act illegally has ships. have been amended from time to time, dif­ Shell and Standard 011 of California. fer from company to company, and are com­ proved an elusive goal over the years. (Chevron) have refused to even negotiate Perhaps the best opportunity for restor­ plex to analyze. Only through top-level re­ seriously on key issues of principle. OCA W view of the plans, company by company, ing these programs will come not in the represents relatively few Standard of Cali­ can basic and rational improvements be courtroom but in the Halls of Congress. fornia employees, but represents more than made. As a member of the House Appropria­ 5,000 Shell employees in five of the com­ _ Shell refuses to permit any employee or tions Committee's Agriculture-Envi­ pany's U.S. refineries, several Shell Chemi­ union participation in pension planning. It ronmental and Consumer Protection cal plants, and some other operations. i:etuses at this time to grant either modest Subcommittee, I shall fight to see to it OCA W believes that it cannot permit immediate improvements or the top-level Shell, which is one of the two largest oil review to prepare for future improvements. that these programs are restored to the companies in the world, to impose on its em­ fiscal 1974 budget. I am also exploring The other oil companies have demon­ ployees treatment inferior to that granted strated considerable statesmanship in agree­ whatever legal means are available to by most of the American oil industry to its ing this year to the breakthrough agree­ prevent the executive branch from ter­ workers. To do so would be unfair to Shell's ments for union participation in health and minating whole programs voted upon and U.S. employees, would endanger the integ­ safety and in pension review. approved by the legislative branch. rity of the union in its dealings with other companies and would endanger the future OCAW believes that it cannot permit In the meantime, an effort must be of coordinated national bargaining with the Shell, controlling interest in which is owned made to speed through approval of those fodustry. by Royal Dutch Petroleum Company of the applications that the administration The basic issues in dispute are: Netherlands and Shell Transport and Trad­ promises to continue funding, such as ing Company of Great Britain, to do less for HEALTH AND SAFETY its American employees. 5-percent insured REA loans and those The new contracts with the other com­ emergency FHA loans that were filed in panies provide a new clause establishing time to beat the administration's sudden joint union-management health and safety December 27 cutoff. I shall do every­ committees with power to police the work thing within my power to pressure the environment conditions in their plants. This THE ADVERTISING INDUSTRY'S administration to move quickly in these replaces the old system under which manage­ NEW PROGRAM OF SELF-REGU­ areas. ment was the sole judge of the health­ LATION In addition, I have introduced legis­ fulness and safety of work assignments. Health concerns are important to oil work­ lation to direct the Agriculture Depart­ ers. They are subjected to exposures to toxic ment to continue the REAP program and fumes, vapors, gases, liquids and acids. Some HON. GEORGE E. DANIELSON the 2-percent REA electricity and tele­ of these substances can do slow, insidious OF CALIFORNIA phone loans at the levels of funding pre­ damage to the human body. Policing of a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scribed by the Congress. I am currently healthful work environment is more diffi­ studying legislative means whereby the cult than the policing of safety hazards Wednesday, January 31, 1973 Department may be directed by Congress which a.re more visible to the eye and sim­ Mr. DANIELSON. Mr. Speaker, the to continue funding of the FHA's pler to understand. Significantly, the OCA W / Oil Industry public is increasingly calling for an end to emergency loan and rural housing pro­ health and safety clauses, which are virtu­ false and misleading advertising. Today grams. ally verbatim in all the contracts negotiated, I met with representatives of the Ameri­ provide for some key methods of measuring can Advertising Federation who told me the health environment in the work place: about the advertising industry's new pro­ WHY THE OCA W IS STRIKING AND 1. There is provision for employment by gram of self-regulation. ASKING A BOYCOTT OF SHELL the company of independent industrial health consultants, approved by the union, The objective of this new program is from time to time to make health surveys to receive and act upon consumer com­ HON. JOSEPH E. KARTH of the plants and to relate their findings to plaints, and work with both Government OF MINNESOTA recognized standards of safe exposure to and industry to maintain high standards toxic or injurious substances. This will pro­ of truth in advertising. Because of the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vide objective, non-partisan measurements Wednesday, January 31, 1973 of the true environmental situation. deep concern my colleagues have shown 2. There are to be periodic physical exam­ for the accuracy of advertising, I am in­ Mr. KARTH. Mr. Speaker, the Oil inations, of workers, scope of wl1ich will serting the American Advertising Fed­ Chemical and Atomic Workers Interna­ be determined by the joint labor-manage­ eration's description of this program in tional Union is currently on strike ment committees. Such examinations can the RECORD. 3088 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February. 1, 1973

THE SELF-REGULATORY PROGRAM NARB publicly discloses all decisions and between issuance of complaint and its resolu­ The advertising industry joined forces la.st monthly reports are released on the status tion, NAD's investigative procedures are be­ year to initiate a voluntary program of self­ of all cases before NAD or on appeal to ing more clorely tied to the Council of Better regulation to be headed by the newly formed NARB. Advertisers in disagreement with the Business Bureau's trade practices division in National Advertising Review Boa.rd. The decision of NARB or its investigative staff Washington. which has experts in a number NARB acts on consumer and industry com­ are given the opportunity to submit their of advertising areas giving NAD greater re­ plaints regarding truth and accuracy in na­ own statements to be incorporated in NARB's search capability. New personnel have been tional advertising. It is dedicated to provid­ public announcements. added. ing a vehicle for continual improvement of The party initiating the complaint is in­ ISSUES OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY advertising practices. formed of the outcome of the NAD investiga­ Although NARB and its investigative staff, tion and/or resolution of the NARB panel. the NAD, are p.rimarlly concerned with truth THE NARB-ITS LEADERSHIP If the complainant is dissatisfied with the Charles W. Yost, former ambassador to the outcome of the NAD investigation, he too and accuracy in national advertising, the United Nations, was selected chairman of may appeal for a hearing by an NARB panel, NARB chairman also is empowered to appoint the NARB. Also elected to the board were 30 again evidencing the functioning role the five-member consultive panels to review the members representing national advertisers, consumer has in NARB procedures. broader questions of taste, morality and so­ 10 representing advertising agencies and 10 cial responsibility. representing public or non-industry fields. THE FIRST YEAR OF OPERATION-PROGRESS NAD has received only a limited number of Emphasis on advertiser representation REPORT complaints deemed to be concerned with such stems from the fact that he bears the ulti­ The workability of the NARB self-regula­ matters. Procedures call for the convening of mate responsibility for the advertising that tory program may be evaluated by reviewing an NARB panel to review these more subjec­ is produced. At the same time, it must be some of the statistics issued after one year tive advertising questions when the volume recognized that the inclusion of public rep­ of performance. The National Advertising of such complaints warrants such action. resentatives in an industry program of self­ Division reported it had received or initiated As opposed to truth and accuracy questions regula.tion at the policy making level is 4.44 complaints against national advertising which are dealt with on a case by case basis, unique. Few, if any, other industries or pro­ (as of December 1972). Of the total: issues of taste and social responsibility will fessions provide for involvement of the con­ 131 complaints were dismissed as without involve the use of "white papers" to caution sumer on other than a. compla.inant level. merit. These were cases in which, in the against a given praettce of concern. opinion of NAD, the advertiser provided ade­ LOCAL_ ADAPTATION f'IPONSORING GROUPS quate substantiation of claims. The associations sponsoring the NARB are 84 complaints were found to be justifl.ed, The development of local advertising re­ the American Advertising Federation, the and in all cases the advertiser agreed either view boards, based on the national model, American .Association of Advertising Agencies,. to withdraw the ad or to modify it. is being undertaken in several cities through the Association of National Advertisers and 227 complaints were still under investiga­ the efforts of the American Advertising Fed­ the Council of Better Business Bureaus. tion. eration and its local ad clubs and the Better COMPLAINT PROCEDURES AND ENFORCEMENT Nine cases dismissed by NAD were appealed Business Bureaus. by the complainants to NARB for panel ad­ It should be emphasized that this program NARB is organized so that complaints are ls not designed to be a panacea. for whatever initially handled by an investigating staff,. judication with the following results: four complaints were not susta.1ned. ills exist in the marketplace. It is a con­ the National Advertising Division (NAD) of scientious and honest etfort on behalf of the the Council of Better Business Bureaus, and two complaints were upheld. assured by the advertisers that the challenged ads would advertising industry to respond constructive­ any appeals a.re forwarded to the NA.RB. ly to public complaints about speciflc adver­ Complaints regarding truth and accuracy­ not be used 1n the future. three more are in the process of being tising and to elevate further advertising per­ the content of an ad and whether it has the formance. capacity to mislead or deceive-may be inl· adjudicated. It is significant. to the self-regulatory pro­ For further information, write or call: tie.ted by individual consumers. representa­ Wllliam Ewen. Executive Director, National tives of consumer orga.nlzations or through gram that: In all cases so fa.r the complaint was re­ Advertising Review Board, 850 Third Avenue, the industry's own intema.l monitoring. New York, New York 10022, (212) 832-1320. NAD evaluates the merits of the Issues sol.vestantiation of claims was com­ NAD monitors the various advertising media. plied with. seeking to uncover any possible abuses before NARB panel judgments are added to the ex­ A BILL TO BAN SECRET MEETINGS they attract broad public concern. It also tensive body of precedents dealing with ad­ WITHIN THE CONGRESSIONAL renders advisory opinions in advance to ad• vertising acceptablllty already developed by AND EXECUTIVE BRANCHES vertisers and/or agencies as a way of avert­ the Council of Better Business Bureaus and ing future problems. are available to assist NAD with its staff role If a complaint is considered justified, th& of inlti&l evaluation and review. HON. JEROME R. WALDIE NAD works with the advertiser and/or agency Panel rulings also serve as precedents for OF CALIFORNIA future panels convened to review related to seek an appropriate change in the ad· IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES vertising. The emphasis is on a constructive cases and constitute a body of information resolution of the problem. It is up to the and opinion that will serve as guidelines for Wednesday, January 31, 1973 advertiser to establish the truth of the advertisers. RESPONDING TO CHANGE Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, as gov­ claims. ernment has grown, it has become dis­ If, however, there is a.n impasse and the In evaluating the year-old program, Chair­ questioned advertising is neither altered nor man Yost noted that NA&B and NAD are tant, out of reach of the people. A vast, withdrawn, the complaint is appealed to the providing self-regulatory machinery that did impersonal bureaucracy appears to rule, NARB. To expedite this appeals process, the not exist previously. Further, he said that it not by the consent of the governed, but chairman of the NARB appoints a five-man was to be expected. that procedural problems by edict-with the help of a computer panel to bear each specific case and reach would be encountered during the program's printout that cannot be bent, folded, a decision on behalf of the entire board. Each developmental stages. mutilated, or changed. panel includes three advertisers, one agency Ambassador Yost asserted that "neither The electorate responds to this situa­ and one public member. NARB nor its investigative staff can be con­ The NARB panel reviews the complaint and sidered an apologist for questionable adver­ tion in two principal ways: first, people the NAD staff findings and provides an op­ tising practices nor a 'defender' of the adver­ are frustrated and alienated by govern­ portunity for the advertiser or his representa­ tising industry. They act judiciously and mental action that they do not under­ tive to present his side of the case in a full fairly on all matters that come before them." stand and seemingly cannot control or evidentiary hearing. NARB panels normally To seek continual improvement of the self­ second, citizens do not feel that they are are able to arrive at a decision within a few regulatory machinery, the procedures of qualified to assess the performance of hours. The decision is transmitted to the NARB/NAD have been a.mended to provide for advertiser at the highest corporate level. their elected representatives because the public disclosure of decisions, despite the inf If the advertiser still refuses to cooperate earlier judgment that con.fident.iality was de­ individual does not have "all the or­ with the NARB panel or does not agree with sirable except where compliance with NARB mation" available to him. Either way, the the decision of the panel that the advertis­ panel findings was not voluntarily forthcom­ democratic process loses. ing is in violation of NARB standards, the ing. The over-riding public involvement and How do governmental bodies come to chairman of the NARB, after exhausting all interest resulted in the adoption of the full their policy decisions? More importantly, procedures, informs the appropriate govern­ public disclosure policy. why do they take certain actions? What ment agency. Also, to help decrease the amount of time happens behind those closed doors? February 1, 1973 · EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3089 . The people have a right to know. content itself with the ever growing dis­ character or reputation of any individual Therefore, I am introducing legislation ease of self-serving "off the record'~ who is subject to any proposed or .potential which would, in effect, ban secret meet­ statements by public officials which are sanction by such agency, or . (4) might divulge matters required to be ings within the congressional and execu­ designed t.o give less than all the truth. kept confidential under (specified· statutory tive branches of our Federal Govern­ Congress, it is sorry to relate, is not provisions): . ment. much better in this regard. Despite the Provided, That this subsection does not au­ Limited exceptions to this rule would passage of the Legislative Reform Act thorize closed meetings or the withholding be provided for matters relating to na­ of 1970, most "business,, sessions of com­ of information from the public except as tion.al security and defense, certain dis­ mittees are still closed to the public. specifically stated in this subsection, and is ciplinary proceedings that might ad­ A Congressional Quarterly report of not authority to withhold information from Congress. versely affect an individual's reputation February 1972, reveals that for 1971, 97 Each agency subject to the requirements and meetings strictly and solely related percent of those Senate Committee meet­ of this section shall, within one hundred to a Government agency's internal man­ ings specifically designated as "business and eighty days after the effective· date of agement. sessions"-organizing, marking up, vot­ this Act, establish through publication in But the purpose and effect of this leg­ ing, briefing sessions-were closed to the the Federal Register procedures for pro­ islation is clear-to open up the decision­ public. The House was not much better viding public notice of meetings required by making process of government to the with almost 80 percent of its business this section to be open to the public. Such public. Citizens will have the right to conducted behind closed doors. notice shall be given as far in advance of attend meetings in which they have an such meetings as is practicable, in order to And the question is, Why? Is such facilitate attendance of such meetings by interest, and news media and other in­ secrecy necessary? Does it serve any le­ persons desirous of doing so. terested groups will have access which gitimate purpose? SEc. 2. (a) Section 133(b) of the Legisla­ will insure a broader dissemination of The answer is, "No." Government has tive Reorganization Act of 1946 as amended information on public affairs. shown time and again that it does not by section 103(a) of the Legislative Reor.:. By bringing the full force of public need this "backroom" atmosphere to ganization Act of 1970 is amended as follows: scrutiny into our deliberations, I am conduct its business. "(1) Each meeting (including meetings to sw·e that we will substantially improve conduct hearings) of each standing, select, As early as 1953, the California Assem­ special, or conference committee of the Sen­ government. Moreover, we will be taking bly enacted the Brown Act which made ate shall be open to the public, except when steps to dispel the understandable cyni­ provision for open public meetings for the committee determines that the matters cism, suspicion and loss of confidence all local government agencies. More ex­ to be discussed, or the testimony to be taken, that currently underlies the public's at­ pansive legislation to assure open gov­ relates to a matter of national security, re­ titude toward its government. ernment meetings has been since passed lates sol,ely to the internal management of No one can seriously maintain that in New Mexico, Arkansas, New Jersey, such committee, may tend to reflect adversely wholesale reform in this area is not Indiana, and most recently, Florida~all on the character or reputation of the witness. needed-and needed immediately. with good results. or any other individual, or may divulge mat­ Passage of the Freedom of Information ters required to be kept confidential under I have insisted that the House Sub­ other provisions of law." Act in 1966 was a welcome :first step. committee of which I am chairman, con­ (2) Clause 27(f) (2) of rule XI of the Rules But in seeking to place records of past duct all its business in open session. of the House of Representatives is amended events in the public realm, the public Throughout my years in public service to read as follows: "Each meeting (including was only provided with a retrospective I have been disturbed by the great meetings to conduct hearings) of each stand_. view of what had already befallen them. amount of public business that is con­ ing, select, special, or conference committee Even so, it has been disheartening to ducted in secrecy. What do we have to shall be open to the public, except when the witness the extent to which the Federal committee determines that the matters to be hide? discussed, or the testimony to be taken, re­ bureaucracy has gone in circumventing It is not at all surprising 'that people lates to a matter of national security, relates and subverting the act's policy of full are suspicious of our motives and have solely to the internal management of such disclosure by using "exemptions" for lost confidence in our system's capacity committee, may tend to reflect adversely on purposes which were never intended by to be responsive to the people's needs. the character or reputation of the witness or Congress. It is time-well past time-for this any other individual, or may divulge matters This attitude that the people should type of legislation. If it can get out from required to be kept confidential under other be left in the dark; that what they do provisions of law." behind the closed doors and survive com­ SEC. 3. A transcript shall promptly be not know will not hurt them-or the mittee action, I am confident that on the made of each meeting which is open to the Government: and that Government floor-in full view of the public-it will public pursuant to the provisions of this Act knows best, is personally abhorrent to PM& . and copiei. of such transcript shall promptly me. Most importantly, it is ultimately It is time to bring the unseen hands be made available for public inspections and. destructive to the very essence of self- of power to the light of public scrutiny. copying. · government. · Mr. Speaker, I include the full text of SEc. 4. The district courts of the United A recent study of the executive branch this bill to be printed in the RECORD at States shall have original jurisdiction of ac­ indicates its present practice in this tions to render declaratory judgments or to this point: enforce, by injunction or otherwise, the first area: ''The agencies have either misin­ A bill to provide that meetings of Govern­ section of this Act and section 3 insofar as it terpreted or chosen to ignore existing ment agencies and of congressional com­ relates to that section. Such actions may be law enacted to provide the public with mittees shall be open to the public, and for brought by any person in the district where greater access to information. The agen­ other purposes such person resides, or has his principal place cies have failed to adequately document H.R. 3519 of business, or where the agency whose action their procedures, :findings, and conclu­ Be it enacted by the Senate and House is complained of resides. sions. There appears to be, if not a de­ of R,epresentatives of the United States of SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.-For the purpose or liberate attempt to restrict disseminating_ America in Congress assembled, That (a) this Act- information, no concentrated effort on except as provided in subsection (b), all (1) "Government agency" means each au­ the part of the agencies to insure public meetings (including meetings to conduct thority of the Government of the United hearings) of any Government agency at States (whether or not it is within or subject participation in their activities. This is which any official action is considered or to review by another Government agency) evident from the lack of adequate pro­ discussed shall be open to the public. having more than one member, but does not cedw·es to inform the public of these (b) Subsection (a) _shall not apply to that include- meetings, and the closing of many of portion of any meetings in which the action (a) the Congress _ these meetings.'' or proposed action to be taken, considered, (b) the courts of the United States This is particularly true of regulatory or discussed by an agency- (c) military authorities. agencies which have such tremendous ( 1) relates to a matter affecting the na­ (2) "person" includes an individual, part­ impact upon our daily lives, and yet tional security, nership, corporation, association, a public or oftentimes act as if they are powers unto (2) relates solely to the internal manage­ private organization other than an agency. themselves. ment of such agency, SEc. 6. This Act shall take effect on the Meanwhile, the public is . ex1)ected to (3) might tend to reflect adversely on the ninetieth day after the date of its enactment. CXIX--196-Part 3 3090 EXTENSIONS OF RE~S February 1, .1973 THE. ~EGACY OF LYNDON BAINES over and devotion to the "grunts" in that the 20th Century, \his count.ry had Lyndon . JOHNSON-A TRIBUTE tragic effort, the G.I.'s who were b~adng the· Baines Johnson. · ' · · brunt of tlle battle in the face ot what T11is country will not look upon his like seemed at time futile efforts to end the war. again. From General Westmoreland to the iowliest HON. JOHN M. MURPHY private, Lyndon Johnson couid not· conceal OF NEW YORK from friends and reporters a compassion NATIONAL PLUMBING INDUSTRY IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that betrayed his innermost turm~il over the lives-and deaths-of the American WEEK Wednesday, January 31, 1973 fighting men. While he was c~mcerned fo~ Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr. the victims of that war-torn nation, his concern for the American soldier was Speaker, under the leave to extend my so HON. BOB CASEY great that he gave up the Presidency he had OF TEXAS remarks in the RECORD, I include the gotten by the most incredible vote of con­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES following: fidence from the people in American :Qis­ THE LEGACY OF LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON­ tory so that their chances for survival might Wednesday, January 31, 1973 A TRIBUTE be increased .. Mr. CASEY of Texas·. Mr. Speaker, the (By John M. Murphy) It was perhaps symbolic that the news of the success of the peace negotiations that National Association of Plumbing-Heat­ "He was a man, take him for all in all, ing-Cooling Contractors is the largest I shall not look upon his like again." he so fervently sought should come to him -Hamlet, Act 1 scene 2 hours before he left us. and oldest trade association in the con­ The wounds of war will heal and the per,­ struction industry. . The association will With a. heart crippled by the ravages of spective of history will, I am certain, re­ celebrate April 15 through 22, 1973 as disease, until his dying moments Lyndon cord Lyndon Johnson's role in it with com­ "National Plumbing Industry Week." . Baines Johnson was battling for the have­ passion for the people of Vietnam, North and National Plumbing Industry Week will nots of society. His last major public ap­ South, and his desire to rebuild both na­ pearance was as a mediator at a civil rights tions, that was the real goal of the 36th Pres­ focus attention on the vital role that dispute in Austin, Texas. When the program ident of the United States. plumbing, heating, cooling, and piping was threatened by a violent outbreak, John­ And while the Vietnam controversy play in the health, comfort, and conven­ son "obviously sick and tired," took command swirled around his head, President John­ ience of our citizens in homes and other and according to the President of the Uni­ son's domestic programs of change were not buildings. Over 2 million men and wom­ versity of Texas, his "chest expanded and his without their attendant disruptions. When en will join the national association in eyes flashed, and he calmed the situation Americans of the future remember Lyndon celebrating this event. down. He said exactly the right thing, ex­ Johnson, they will think about his revolu­ Plumbing and piping contractors are temporaneously. You could see a great man tionary ideas-and that revolutionary ideas at the top of his power." sometimes bring about revolutions of a sort. the original ecologists. They have en­ The President told the ominous and trou­ I remember the ashes of Watts, Newark, De­ gaged in this field for nearly a century. bled audience: troit-and Washington, D.C. But out of These contractors have taken the lead "To be black-to one who is black-is to these ashes this country and the world have in the development and application of be proud, to be worthy, to be honorable. But witnessed the rebirth of a new America, an today's newer and more sophisticated to be black in a white society is not to stand America where the oppressed people Presi­ measures to insure environmental con- on level ground. dent Johnson loved so much are finding new trol and preservation. · "While the races may stand side by lid~ freedom, new dignity, new life and a rebirth whites stand on history's mountain and of the human spirit. Observing the turbulent The products and services of this in­ blacks stand in history's hollow. mid-sixties, Lyndon Johnson did not. view dustry also play a vital p~rt.i:µ our Na­ "Unless we overcome unequal history, we it as America coming apart at the seams. tion's economic strength, industrial pro­ cannot overcome unequal opportunity. That He described it as: ductivity, national defense, space ex­ is not-nor will it ever be-an easy goal to "The old . . . not coming down. Rather ploration, transportation, food process­ achieve." the troubling and torment of . these days ing, and mineral development-in fact, Within days of his death in what must stems from the new trying to rise into place." have been moments of acute pain, Lyndon everything that depends for its.existence When Lyndon Johnson was thrust into the on the movement of air, gas, water, and Johnson rose with one last burst of his rap­ presidency by that fatal burst of gunfire idly failing energy and spoke as eloquently in Dallas, one of his first major moves was other liquids through pipes, valves, fit­ as he ever had on the meaning of being a to begin what was to be the passage of the tings, and fixtures. minority American. most sweeping civil rights legislation in The officers, directors, and members of President Johnson brought the same fire, America's history. Of this achievement Presi­ the National Association of Plumbing­ the same drive and the same love of the dent Johnson was to say, "It's going to make Heating-Cooling Contractors :represent American people to everything he did. democracy real. It is going to correct an· every city and State of our great Nation. Forged in the desperate P,Overty and spirit­ injustice of decades and centuries." kllling depression that engulfed his beloved They are engaged in their own businesses If he had done nothing else, Lyndon John­ in the :finest traditions of private . en­ Texas during the 1930's he projected his son had begun to make his great society burning desire to change things for the available to everyone. And for this all Ameri­ terprise. Without their products and better from the banks of his rural Perdenales cans could be grateful. But he wanted more services, civilization as we know it to­ to the ghettos of America's cities. for the needy of America so he designed and day would not be possible. Heeding the call of the deprived, the dis­ put into operation the Office of Economic · The association's officers are Robert advantaged and the disenfranchised, he Opportunity to eliminate poverty; he de­ K. Wark, president, of Houston, Tex.; spread his philosophy of a great ~ociety for veloped plans to cope with our urban crisis; Samuel M. Bloom, first vice president, of all to his foreign policy thinking. And be­ and, President Johnson's Administration gave lieving in the right of weaker people to self­ Miami, Fla.; Merlin Geddes, second vice greater support to the educational needs of president, of Arcadia, Calif.; Cecil E. Self, determination and a place in the sun, Lyn­ our people than any government in history. don Johnson applied his philosophy to the This record of achievement is the real secretary, of Dallas, Tex.; Roland E. people of South Viet Nam. But between the legacy of Lyndon Johnson. It wasn't easy, but Carlson, treasurer, of Rockford, Ill.; and journey from the banks of the Perdenales to he had the courage to see that the die was Han·y G. Mccomas, executive director, of the banks of the Mekong River, President cast for freedom and this country-and the Washington, D.C. Director of National Johnson's dream-for a time-turned· into world-are bearing the fruits of his labors. Plumbing Industry Week is John B. his own personal nightmare. The legacy of Lyndon Johnson will not be Kelly. so, despite his unprecedented success in the memory of the nightmare of Vietnam, putting through Congress and into opera­ For my colleagues' information, the but the renewed dedication to his dream of new president, Robert K. Wark, is not tion the new frontier program of the slain a great society which I am convinced will John F. Kennedy, and despite the sometimes inspire Democrats and Republicans alike. only a good friend, but also an outstand­ tenuous, but alw~ys progressing, successes of His legacy will herald a renewed commit­ ing citizen and civic leader of Houston. his own programs-his own domestic wars ment to an America where he worked to The association's 15-man board of against discrimination, against poverty and directors includes Paul LaMott of Haver­ against the corruptors of our environment­ guarantee no second-class citizenship, no he was to reach a point where he was second quality opportunity, no secondhand hill, N.H.; Leon Novak of Brooklyn, N.Y.; haunted by ·the spectre of the Vietnam War justice at home, and no second-place status William M. Robertshaw of West Orange, that bedeviled him like Banquos' ghost. in the world for our ideals and benefits. N.J.; Harry Hutchinson, Jr., of Philadel­ . His torment .was not so much the result While he was untimely ripped from our phia, Pa.; Elwood Evans of Wilmington, of defeats .on the field or in the sputtering midst, a~l Americans. can rejoice in the fact Del.; Wesley Styers of Gastonia,. N.C'.; true negotiations which he initiated. His tor­ t'hat he was here; in. the fact that, as a close Howell Switzer of New prl~l:l,P.S, ~. . ; ment was largely attributable to his angu~h fri~nd eulogized, in the seventh decade. 9! Keith Clotz of Tole.do . . Obio:. qeorge February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF :REMARKS. 3091 Connelly of Chicago, Ill.; Fred Drews of gle occupation that I know of. There is just there are somet~ing less than 40 Congres­ Houston, Tex.; Robert Mccraig of To­ no way to pass rising costs on to the con­ sional Districts in this country wi·th 20%­ sumer like there is in other businesses. I do or more rural area-are equally concerned, peka, Kans.; Jeffrey Haverly of Britton, want to say that I feel that agriculture has and we are working together in Washington IS. Dak.; William Botting of Seattle, been unduly singled out for cuts. in an attempt to reinstate some of these Wash.; George Neiderhauser of Salt I feel that in the percentage of overall cuts, programs. l think we should not forget that. Lake City, Utah; and Beryl Notthoff of agriculture is carrying far too much of the It is terribly important that we, whether Los Angeles, Calif. brunt of the cuts. The thing I really object it be in South Dakota or in Congress, or I ha.ve today introduced a resolution to most of all is the manner in which the anywhere else, must speak as one voice, not calling on the President to declare the cuts were made. I feel that they were made as Republicans and Democrats, because we by the Office of Management and Budget. are all concerned about this situation, and week of April 15 through April 22, 1973, Although Mr. Butz is accepting the responsi­ we must speak out for rural America in a as National Plumbing Industry Week. bility for them, I feel that he really didn't single voice. The National Association of Plumbing­ have much say in it. I am convinced that I want you folks here to know that my first Heating-Cooling Contractors and the those people with the knife, who are doing concern as a Congressman is for my country total plumbing, heating, cooling, and the cutting in the Office of Management and and especially the people I serve. I will not piping industry of 2 million men and Budget, could not tell you the difference be­ hesitate to oppose the President or his Ad­ women have rendered an outstanding tween the front end of a t1·actor and the ministration whenever I disagree with them, back. They have no conception of how they and I may say publicly, I would not hesitate service to our Nation through their ef­ are undermining the economy of rural Amer­ one moment to co-sponsor legislation with forts in contracting, manufacturing, ica and the very existence of agriculture, Frank Denholm or any other Democratic marketing, distribution, and installation itself. Congressman whenever I think it is ln the of the industry's products. I am sure my I am really concerned about the recent best interests of South Dakota. I know that colleagues will agree with me and sup­ ruling that will allow diverted acres to be by working together, we will make a better port my resolution and thus support the pastured. I am convinced this is for the sole rural America. industry in its celebration of "National purpose of increasing cattle production and Thank you very much. dropping down the cost. I am concerned Plumbing Industry Week," April 15 about taking off restrictions on planting and through 22, 1973. doing away with the diverted acres and what that might do to the overall crop situation. TRIBUTE TO RICH GRANZELLA It doesn't take very long to amass surpluses. We learned our lessons under Secretary of REMARKS OF REPRESENTATIVE Agriculture Orville Freeman back in the HON. JEROME R. WALDIE JAMES- ABDNOR AT THE HURON days when President Johnson encouraged OF CALIFORNIA increased plantings of wheat and other agri­ FARM MEETING, SATURDAY, JAN­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES UARY 13, 1973 culture products because they thought food costs were going too high. The result of it Wednesday, January 31, 1973 was huge surpluses the following year, which HON. JAMES ABDNOR caused prices to be driven down. I am afraid Mr.WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, I would like that this is exactly the same situation that to take this opportunity to pay tribute OF SOUTH DAKOTA could happen here. to one of the outstanding citizens of my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I am strongly opposed to doing away with district. Rich Granzella, an active civic Wednesday, January 31, 1973 the REAP program. At this time of concern leader in West Contra Costa County for for pollution and environmental protection, Mr. ABDNOR. Mr. Speaker, under many years, is being honored as the 1972 here we have a program that has been lead­ West Contra Costa County businessman leave to extend my remarks in the REC­ ing the way in this direction for many, many of the year. ORD, I include the following: yea.rs. We know, some of us, the purpose of the program for soil conservation, pollution In addition to being director of the REl!.'IARKS OF REPRESENTATIVE JAMES ABDNOR Richmond Chamber of Commerce, Rich AT THE HURON FARM MEETING, SATURDAY, control, and the like, and I feel that the JANUARY 13, 1973 government has been getting a tremendous is chairman of the Salesian High School I certainly welcome this opportunity to bargain under this program. Although it athletic field fund drive which raised be here this afternoon and to have the started out yea.rs ago at 100% reimburse­ $100,000 for the development of an ath­ privilege of testifying and also hearing from ment on the farm practices, many farmers letic field for the community. He is di­ the citizens of South Dakota as to their today in many areas are being paid by the rector of the Richmond Boy's Club and views on the ramifications and feeling to­ government as little as 30% up to maybe 50%, and I say to you I don't know of a pol­ the San Pablo-Salesian Boy's Club. Twice ward the budget cuts that have recently come president of the Western Disposal Oper­ about in the agricultural budget in Wash­ lution control program today that has given ington. I think we should recognize, though, the government and the taxpayers of this ator's Association, he has also been presi­ that the President is determined to hold country as much for their money as they are dent of the Richmond Sanitary Services Federal spending down to $250 billio:c. in this getting under the REAP program. I certainly for the past 13 years. present fiscal year, which actually means hope that we can prevail upon the President Rich began working at age 13, and by that $6 billion or more will have to be and the Administration to reinstate this the time he was 18, he had bought into trimmed out of the budget to do so. When program. I also question the wisdom of the action the Richmond Sanitary. you are cutting at the rate of $6 billion for I offer my heartfelt congratulations to a six-month period, you are referring to a taken on the part of the Budget Office 111 pro-rated cut of $12 billion over a fiscal year. relation to the Rural Electrification Pro­ Rich Granzella for this well-deserved Now, I want it understood that I don't go gram. To me, REA is just as important to honor and wish him many more years of along with all the cuts that the President our rural segment of the United States as service to the community. has made, and I question whether or not the urban renewal programs and the like are to President has the right to withhold funds the city people. Here, the program, which is like he is doing. Of course, I want to point helping everyone in the rural areas, is a out that I also questioned the President's business transaction, and I think that this A BILL TO DECLARE THAT THE right to withhold funds in the days of Presi­ is the point that the government misses in doing what they are doing. It is not a UNITED STATES HOI.DS IN TRUST dent Johnson, who set the precedent for this FOR THE BRIDGEPORT INDIAN by withholding highway funds from the vari­ subsidy. If there is any subsidy at all, it ous States, and many thought it was wrong is simply that the subsidy exists in the area COLONY CERTAIN LANDS IN for him to do that at that time. of the interest rates. I am concerned that, MONO COUNTY, CALIF. I do feel that this present situation we under this new program of turning the REA find ourselves in has been brought about Associations out into the public markets for because of the fiscal irresponsibility of past money and sharing with them interest rates HON. ROBERT B. (BOB) MATHIAS at 5 % , it is going to cost the government OF CALIFORNIA Congresses. 't'he fiscal truth is that you can­ almost as much money as it ls costing today not go on forever spending far more money IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in Federal funds than you are actually tak­ to go along with the 2 % loans. ing in in taxes. I think we must recognize Finally, may I say there are in this Wednesday, January 31, 1973 this, and, of course, when Congress doesn't, audience today both Republicans and Demo­ crats alike. We are all here to express our Mr. MATHIAS of California. Mr. the President has done so by coming in Speaker, I am pleased to introduce today with these present cuts. There is no question concern over what is happening to the De­ in anyone's mind that Federal deficit spend­ partment of Agriculture budget. I know a bill that will declare that the United ing is one of the greatest contributors to in­ that rural Congressmen, Democrats and States holds in trust 40 acres of land in flation, and inflation has probably hurt the Republicans alike, and believe me, there are Mono County, Calif., for members of the farming business more than any other sin- not many of us any more-I think I heard Bridgeport Indian Colony. 3092 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 I am pleased to be joined in sponsor­ REPRESENTATIVE EDWARD R. reform package which would end spe­ ing this bill by my friend and colleague ROYBAL'S STATEMENT ON THE cial tax breaks to large corporations and from California (Mr. JOHNSON). Mr. PRESIDENT'S PROPOSED BUDGET the privileged few and thereby increase JOHNSON initiated this bill in the 92d Federal revenues by billions of dollars. Congress when, at that time, Mono Coun­ Instead of a unifying and peace­ ty was in his district. In addition, Sen­ HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL oriented budget, we are confronted with ators CRANSTON and TUNNEY have in­ OF CALIFORNIA a divisive and militaristic one. The pro­ troduced S. 283 in the Senate. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES posed budget is but a further example The land to be held in trust is an un­ of this administration's social and polit­ occupied 40-acre tract of federally owned Wednesday, January 31, 1973 ical philosophy of benign neglect and property adjacent to the town of Bridge­ Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, stripped of indifl.' erence to the needs of the people. port in Mono County, Calif., set aside all of its rhetoric and arithmetic, the for the Bridgeport Indian Colony in lieu President's budget is nothing less than of a tract of land wrongfully taken from an abdication of Federal responsibility them in 1914. to serve the American people. Two years CRIME COMMITTEE TV BAN BACKED The land on which the Indians pres­ ago Mr. Nixon called for a "New Amer­ BY LOS ANGELES COUNTY GRAND ently reside, and which has been their ican Revolution." I can only conclude JURY home even before the coming of the that this slogan as reflected in the budget white man, was wrongfully patented to is but another name for benign neglect a non-Indian in 1914 under the Desert of the poor, elderly, sick, and unem­ HON. AUGUSTUS F. HAWKINS Land Act. While the land is now owned ployed. OP CALIFORNIA by several non-Indian heirs to the orig­ It is impossible to build a "lasting I ~ THE H OUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inal patentee, the Indians were allowed structm·e of peace" by erllarging the war liVednesday, January 31, 1973 to occupy the site. budget to over $80 billion while slashing However, early in 1968 one of the own­ funds for housing, health, education, Mr. HAWKINS. Mr. Speaker, I would ers demanded that the Indians vacate public employment, and economic de­ like to call your attention to the County the site and initiated eviction proceed­ velopment for low-income communities. of Los Angeles Grand Jury's recent rec­ ings against them. Legal intervention While I agree that we must constantly ommendation for Federal action on the kept the eviction proceedings in abey­ reevaluate the effectiveness of all Fed­ banning of drug commercials on televi­ ance for some time. Later, when the eral programs, freezes, moratoriums, and sion and on barbitm·ate production owner learned that an attempt to solve -cutbacks for appropriated programs do quotas. the difficulty was pending in the Con­ not represent a positive, sound approach While studying the problem of druit gress, he ag-reed to cease the eviction but a regressive one. It is totally mis­ abuse in my county, the narcotics and proceedings so long as Congress worked guided to propose to cure program short­ dangerous drugs committee of the grand toward a solution for the Indian colony. comings with a sledge hammer. Revi­ jury became concerned with the larger In view of the present situation, I find sions, modifications, and discussions with issue of the American ''drug-oriented that the best solution for all concerned congressional and community leaders is society'' as a causal factor in the is my proposal to provide the Indians the proper approach. use of illegal drugs by young people. with a new land base. Since their land The administration's phaseout of the Although a county agency without power base was wrongfully taken from them, Office of Economic Opportunity is not to make recommendations to the Con­ it certainly seems orJy fair to provide the way to improve government, as the gress, the grand jury represents over 7 them with a new one. administration would have us believe. million people in my State and believes With a secure trust land base, the col­ Instead it means the strangulation of it is important to bring this message to ony will be in a better position to im­ the only visible and responsive advocate all the people. prove their living conditions. Currently, for low-income Americans. My distinguished colleague, the Honor­ 12 of the 19 Indian families in the On housing, we are told that since able CLAUDE PEPPER of Florida, as chair­ Bridgeport area live in totally substand­ some housing programs may be ineffec­ man of the Select Committee on C1ime, ard housing. Eleven of the families, in­ tive, we should scrap our current housing has recently completed a series of hear­ cluding all of the families that now re­ and community development effort and ings on the subject of drug abuse in our side on the disputed land, have no sani­ reconsider it at some future date. Iron­ Nation's schools. As a result of those tation facilities and no inside running ically, this approach violates the Presi­ hearings, held in six cities, and conclud­ water. Five of the homes are heated dent's own objective of strengthening ing in Los Angeles, the committee staff solely by wood-burning stoves, and three the capacity of local governments to re­ is prepaa:ing legislation designed to ban have no refrigerator. Only three of the spond to the needs of the people. Cer­ drug commercials on television during 19 families can claim a member with tainly one of the most pressing local the time when children are preswnably full-time employment. All the rest are problems today is better housing. watching. unemployed. A secure trust land base Further, high unemployment cannot The committee, which has an admir­ will enable these Indian people to over­ be solved by killing our public service able record in bringing to the attention come the severe obstacles of unemploy­ employment program which has already of the American public the flagrant ment and chronic poverty, and to utilize created jobs for some 140,000 unem­ abuse of amphetamines, is also preparing Federal resources to improve their stand­ ployed. recommendations to reduce the over­ ard of living. This budget is intended to create the production and overprescribing of bar­ It is my understanding that the towns­ illusion not the reality of a revitalized biturates, drugs the committee found to people of nearby Bridgeport are in full budget, of a positive thrust. For example, be more life-tlu·eatening than heroin. support of this legislative proposal. I re­ in his message to Congress Mr. Nixon At this point, Mr. Speaker, I insert the cently received a resolution adopted by asserts that the Community Relations following items in the RECORD: the Mono County Board of Supervisors Service, created in 1964 to ease racial DRUGS AND TELEVISION in full support of the Bridgeport Indian and police-community tensions, would The social problems of this country which colony's efforts to obtain an unoccupied expand its crisis prevention function, but include racism, war and poverty, are said to fails to mention that CRS is about to suf­ be underlying factors in drug abuse. Some 40-acre tract of federally owned land fer a 60-percent budget cut which would, feel that television has contributed sign ifi­ adjacent to the to,vn of Bridgeport as in fact, wipe out its crisis prevention cant ly to the cause of drug usage. Th.is Com­ ahomesite. role. mit tee wishes to add its voice to the brave I am hopeful that Congress will sup­ few who have attacked television as "the The budget message justifies these re .. biggest pusher of t hem all". port this measure to correct the one ductions and reversals in social service Senator Frank Moss has observed t hat "the of so many injustices that have been programs as the only way to prevent in­ drug cult ure finds its fullest flowering in t he inflicted upon the Indian people of flation and tax increases. But not once port rait of American Society which can be California. do we hear a commitment to offer a tax pieced together out of t he hundreds of t hou- February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3093 sands of commercials. It is advertising which commit tee staff to prepare a detailed ·report "By over-production and promotion of mounts so graphically the message that pills before the end of the year so Pepper can amphetamines, barbiturates and other drugs, turn rain to sunshine, gloom to joy, depres­ begin his crusade early in 1973. the pharmaceutical companies have had a sion to euphoria, solve problems and d'ispel rnrhe pharmac·eutical companies are not direct causal effect on the . drug abuse epi­ doubt". only proliferating this country with pills, but demic currently infecting the youth of this A T .V. commercial states, "Leave your feel­ they are· also contaminating our airways nation," charges the document. ing of tension behind and slip into a quiet with unnecessary and deleterious advertis­ "The committee finds it unconscionable world. You feel calm, more relaxed with .. . ing," says a confidential draft. and inexcusable that about 90 percent of the the new modern calmative". T.V. ran almost "The proliferation of televised drug ad­ drugs in the illicit market are manufactured $20 million worth of ads for sleeping aids vertising is contributing to our national drug by legitimate pharmaceutical companies." alone in 1969. crisis.... It conditions (children) to the The drugs reach the illict market when Television teaches, With continuous air­ unnecessary use of drugs. Many advertise­ they are prescribed for peddlers in wholesale hammer effectiveness, the dangerous and de­ ments give the false impression that taking lots by crooked doctors. In other cases, ped­ bilitative lie that the solution to all life's drugs-'pill-popping'-is good for you, that dlers use phony pharmacies or middlemen problems and nagging anxieties can be found it will improve your mind, make you hap­ firms to buy the drugs for resale to users. in a product, preferably one that is applied pier by reducing tension ...." And some drugs are simply hijacked. to the skin or taken into the body. It has "These advertisements are especially harm­ "This committee discovered that there were educated our children to go for the quick ful to a child and impressionable teen-agers more than 3 billion amphetamines being solution and urged us all to seek "better whose understanding of the use of drugs is produced each year. The only desirable medi­ living through chemistry". John Ingersoll, at best cursory ... Undoing the initial im­ cal uses for amphetamines are for the treat­ of the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous pact of these television commercials will take ment of narcolepsy and hyperkinesis in chil­ Drugs, has called it the "take 'something" a lifetime of education," the report warns. dren. One million doses of amphetamine ... philosophy. We feel that the targets of this Pepper feels the TV industry and pha.rma­ would have been more than adequate to sup­ philosophy are our children from age three. ceutical firms should get out of the business ply the medical needs for treating those A lone voice on the FCC is Commissioner of giving medical advice on the airwaves. Far diseases." · Nicholas Johnson who has stated that T.V. from genuinely trying to help sufferers, they Yet, the report goes on, when the com­ is intimately involved in selling drugs and "induce people to take drugs indiscrimi­ mittee tried to stem amphetamine abuse, the urges that we put a stop to the "grey flannel nately." pharmaceutical companies "strenuously re­ pusher". When Johnson suggested that drug · We reported on Oct. 24 that President sisted these efforts." They successfully lob­ advertising be banne4 from television and Nixon, contrary to what the newspapers bied against Pepper's bill in the House, and reminded the industry that it might be were saying, preferred to hold off a Vietnam in the secret House-Senate conferences. contributing to the 300,000 drug deaths each cease-fire until after the election. "Politically When Pepper and his colleagues on ·the year, he was told by other members that the speaking," we wrote, "the President believes committee tried later to get the Justice De­ Commission must not act too hastily because it is better to keep the settlement terms partment to curtail amphetamine produc­ the drug industry produces $100 million a vague until after the election." tion, "the pharmaceutical companies again year for the broadcasters! He, therefore, deliberately sought to ex­ resisted ..." The government did act this year in regard tend the secret negotiations past Election "When production quotas were finally re­ to the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. In Day to prevent Hanoi from exploiting the quired for amphetamines, the drug com­ the previous year, some 8 billion ampheta­ election-eve cease-fire and to avoid charges panies asked for quotas substantially in ex­ mine pills had found their way into the black that he rushed ·into an unsafe settlement for cess of their prior year's production figures," market. This· year the production quota of political purposes. the committee report contends. such pills was cut to 82 % below last year's The President, however, is now optimistic Now finally, pep pill production has been level. On November 1, 1972, the Bureau of that he can get a cease-fire on terms which cut by 82 percent, still far less than Pepper Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs . p:,;oposed will leave South Vietnam reasonably safe feels it should be. But "more than two years chang'ing the status of barbiturate drugs into from a Communist takeover. .His optimism is have been wasted ... In that period young . a higher category. This would forbid tele­ based on intelligence reports which depict people have . . . become 'strung out' on phonic prescriptions and refillh1g without a Hanoi as being under intense diplomatic and 'speed' and (other) amphetamines. new prescription. The possibility of lowering military pressure. "This unwarranted delay . . . has been production quotas was mentioned but not Both Moscow and Peking are reported to caused solely. by pharmaceutical company in­ specifically spell~d (?Ut. be pressing the North Vietnamese to end the transigence-a compulsion to make a profit THE COMMITTEE RECOMMENDS war. This has been accompanied, according at the expense of the national health." to the intelligence reports, by a slight but Currently, three major and numerous Federal action on barbiturate produc­ significant slowdown in military support. At minor clandestine labs are manufacturing tion quotas and on the banning of drug the same time, Hanoi is beginning to feel pills by the mi11ions, helping to supply the commercials. the pinch from the U. S. blockade of North addict market created by legitimate drug Letters have been written to prominent Vietnamese ports and bombing of the supply companies' over-production, the report as­ members of the government who will hope­ lines. · serts. fully use their influence to bring about mean­ Perhaps even more significant, the intelli­ "Without the action of (the) pharmaceu­ ingful change. gence reports claim that North Vietnam's tical companies, drug abuse with ampheta­ military leaders have been jolted by _the mines would never have gotten a foothold in PEPPER GUNS FOR TV PILL Ans failure of their spring offensive to reach its this country. If it had not been for their (By Jack Anderson) objectives. The South Vietnamese army was unscrupulous action, our nation's youth not the pushover that Hanoi expected. The would not now be entangled in ampheta­ WASHINGTON .-A TV advertising ban on leaders also miscalculated the ferocity of mine abuse," concludes the staff report. pills similar to that on liquor and cigarets the U. S. air and naval assault which has is being drafted by the House crime chair­ been more punishing than the firepower ex­ TV: A MAJOR DRUG PUSHER man, Rep. Claude Pepper (D-Fla). President Lyndon Johnson turned against American pharmaceutical manufacturers The legislation is aimed at the drug firms them. and TV industry which condition children to spend more than $1 billion a year-one­ "pill popping" through commercials show­ In the past, the intelligence reports misled fourth of their total sales revenue-,to ad­ ing over-the-counter drugs solving all of Mr. Johnson to predict privately that the ver.tise and promote prescription drugs. No­ life's problems. Small wonder, reasons Pep­ war would be over in 1967. But the military body knows how much more is spent on the per, that young people turn to illegal am­ reporting and intelligence techniques have huckstering of over-the-counter medica­ phetamines, barbiturates, LSD and worse as improved. President Nixon has faith that tions-the quick fixes that are supposed to they confront the problems of their terms. this time the reports are right. provide instant relief for what ails us, be The Pepper Plan, if enacted, would cost it the common cold or a case of profound the TV industry more than $250 million a DRUG FIRMS SAID To CAUSE ABUSES depression. The television industry alone ex­ year. From 8 A. M. to 9 P. M., it would bar (By Jack Anderson) pects to earn between $250 million and $300 all TV ads for painkillers, sleeping pills, sed­ A secret House crime committee report million this year from commercials peddling atives, cold tablets, antacids,· laxatives, vi­ charges that the pharmaceutical industry, pills and panaceas. tamins, reducing pills and other nostrums. while professing concern for the nation's "We've got a drug- problem in America," This is the period when children are most health, has actually "caused more drug abuse says Federal Communications Commissioner often glued to the TV screen. in this country than organized crime." Nicholas Johnson. "It's called television." Pepper's proposed advertising ban has The document's findings a.re based on two The television networks have become "the grown out of two years of hearings into drug yea.rs of committee hearings in major cities principal pusher to a junkie nation," John­ abuse. His old crusader's heart has been torn throughout the United States. Prepared by son told a recent conference on drug adver­ by the stories of young people' ·describing the staff on orders of chairman Claude Pep­ tising sponsored by the National Council of their living death from drugs. per (D-Fla..), the report angrily details how Churches. To protect coming generations from 'IV the drug industry lobbied to keep addicts There is more at stake here than monstrous drug-conditioning, Pepper has ordered the supplied with pllls. economic waste-though that is certainly 3094 EXTENSIONS OF ~MARKS February 1, 1973 part of the problem. As Sena.tor Gaylord Nel­ Crime, put his staff to work drafting legisla­ fying day for President Nixon and his col­ son, Wisconsin Democrat, testified a.t the tion that would bar drug commercials on TV leagues who have worked with him so dili­ same conference, drug manufacturers spend from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m., the hours when moot gently throughout his administration. four times as much on advertising as they do children presumably are watching television. And yet how sad it is to note that as he on research and development. In conse­ News reports of Pepper's proposed bill, made his way to his inauguration, at the quence, a Federal task force has pointed out, which cannot be formally introduced until corner of Fifteenth St. and Pennsylvania most of the new drugs on the market are the 93d Congress convenes in January, have Avenue, objects were hurled at him by an minor modifications or combinations of ex­ prompted a heavy flow of approving mall unthinking and defiant rabble; and that isting medications-or a.re simply "dupJi­ from as far away as Honolulu. along the course of the procession flags of cative, noncontributory products." Some letters come from worried parents our country were burned. The larger part of the problem is the fos­ who express with simple but eloquent ex­ This makes me angry. I am not like many tering of a pernicious--but quite respecta­ amples their fears that TV promises of magic of you. I was not born an American citizen. ble-drug culture in the United States. Com­ relief from tension, headaches, sleeplessness I lived for eleven years in this country be­ missioner Johnson sees "a danger that our and a variety of other ills lead youngsters to fore I applied for citizenship, and when that growing reliance on drugs may pose serious experiment with drugs. citizenship was graciously granted to me, I national health problems .•. even the possi­ A Boca Raton, Fla., woman, Mrs. Cathy vowed in my heart that I would always be bility that our hedonistic reliance on drugs Lucas, wrote Pepper that her daughter "came proud to be an American; that I would al­ may be a debilitating social phenomenon." home from school and said, very dramatically, ways honor my President and my country Some experts perceive a direct link between 'Mommy, I need an aspirin-I had such a as I had sought to honor my Queen in days the ubiquitous promotion of patent cure­ bad day at school today.'» gone by. And to me it is utterly distasteful alls and the growing problem of narcotics "Needless to sa.y," Mrs. Lucas said, "I was that these mistaken, misguided people in our addiction. Dr. Henry Simmons, director of startled by this announcement from my midst, these political radicals should per­ the Bureau of Drugs in the Food and Drug seven-year-old. She sounded just like one of form so disgracefully as they have done in Administration, told the. NCC conference: the many commercials for 'instant' relief tha,t these past years. I believe in the right of pub­ "Common sense . tells us that the massive are constantly on the television screen." llc protest-this ls one of the many Ameri­ amounts of money spent on promotioh of "There is little doubt in my mind as to why can freedoms we enjoy-but I also believe drug use must have some influence on the we are becoming such a drug-oriented that the radicals of the so-called "Peace way in which our society regards the use of society." movement", by their vicious opposition to drugs of all types." Some two billion pre­ Mrs. Carol J. Wilson, a Madison, Wis., reg­ the administration's prosecution of the war, scriptions a year are written by U.S. physi­ istered nurse, recounted a. similar episode in have been the element in our nation more cians, he noted-a per capita rate two to a letter to Pepper. than any others who have hindered the ad­ four times greater t,han that of other coun­ "For the past six months, this type of ad­ vent of peace because they, by their very tries that seem to have the same general vertising has been particularly troubling to actions, have given colnfort and encourage­ level of health among their citizens as among me," she said. "My daughter, who ls three ment to our enemies. And I hope and pray people in the United States. years old, has begun to develop an attitude that as our Presidents Johnson and Nixon In Madison, Wisconsin, County Judge relating to the •quick cure' effects of drug have held firm to a courageous and often un­ Ervin M. Bruner, who has had many years use.'' popular course, that the nation will realize of experience dealing with youth, called on "She began at two-and-a-half to ask, 'What more and more what it must mean to be in the city's three national network outlets to is pain relle!?' Now, she ls beginning to be a position of responsibility such as the Pres­ "stop showing, or tone down" commercials impressed by an ad for St. Joseph's aspirin idency demands in our day. which suggest the use of drugs by adults which has a small child saying, 'Mommy, I President Johnson, after his retirement, to solve their mental and physical problems. feel bad'-and the mother solves her problem gave President Nixon his definition of the Speaking as president of the Madison Mental by giving her an aspirin.'' jop of Chief Executive. Rather indelicately Health Association, Judge Bruner said the Many letters to Pepper have come from but most eloquently he said, "Being Presi­ Association felt strongly "that the incessant nurses, doctors and teachers, who echo Mrs. dent of the United States is like being a display on television of problem-solving by Wilson's concern that drug commercials jackass in a hailstorm; you've just got to adults through tranquilizers, sleeping pills, foster "a pollyanna attitude" about pills. stand there and take it!" Now I think our and pep pills was encouraging the kids to President has taken far too much already. experiment with 'their drugs.' And I think it is high time that those of "The constant suggestion in the television us who believe in our country, who love our commercials advertising products for adults country, who honor "the powers that be" gives the kids a perfect excuse to defend their BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS whom God has placed in authority over us, sampling of illegal drugs when they have should stand up and allow ourselves to be problems," Bruner said. counted and should ca.use our voices to be "Since almost all young people a.re impres­ heard above the dissident cacophony of the sionable and greatly inclined to follow pat­ HON. JACK BRINKLEY radical mlnori ty. Let us thank and praise terns practiced. by their pa.rents and other OF GEORGIA God for the fortitude of our leaders ln times adults," Bruner continued, "the MHA ls also IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of great stress when they must often have convinced that a considerable amount of Wednesday, January 31, 1973 been tempted to capitulate to what seemed drug abuse problems, particularly experi­ to be popular opinion. We are profoundly menting by kids, stems from strong sugges­ Mr. BRINKLEY. Mr. Speaker, recently grateful that they stood firm to their high tions in many television commercials that a former Member of the House, at the resolve. adult problems, both physical and emotional, It is my earnest prayer that you will con­ can be erased by the use of some drug." weekly prayer breakfast, said that per­ haps the greatest of the Beatitudes is the stantly uphold the President and · his col­ Senator Nelson has proposed comprehen­ leagues by your prayers and practical sup­ sive drug legislation which would establish one proclaiming, "Blessed are the peace­ port and encouragement. Let us pray for a stringent new standards for the testing, makers, for they shall be called the chil­ continuing and permanent peace in South marketing, and promotion of prescription dren of God." He said: East Asia, and for the establishment of peace and over-the-counter drugs. In the House of What could possibly be greater than being, in those other areas of the world where hos­ Representatives, Claude Pepper, chairman in the words of a beautiful song, "a child tilities still prevail, that God in His mercy of the Select Committee on Crime, has draft­ of the King"? may grant a just and enduring peace to a.11 ed a bill that would bar all television com­ He distinguished peacemakers from mankind. mercials for pa.in-killers, sleeping pills, seda­ Let us praise the Name of God as did our tives, cold tablets, antacids, laxatives, vita­ peacetalkers or peacewishers and pointed noble forbears in this country, and let us mins, reducing pills, and other nostrums out that the issue never seems to be one live in the days to come as those who are from being broadcast during daytime and of war or peace but war or injustice, war proud to live in a good land like the United evening prime-time hours. If Congress ls gen­ uinely interested in coping with the drug or subjugation, war or surrender, war or States of America. problem in America., it will push these slavery. I am proud to be an American-and I measures to speedy passage. hope you are too. . In this connection, the words of Rev. Almighty God, Ruler of Thy vast universe; W. Graham Smith, the pastor of Fair­ Who hast brought all things into being by MANY FAVOR BAN ON TV Ans OF OVER-THE­ lington Presbyterian Church, seem to CoUNTER DRUGS the word of Thy power, and Who dost govern have a specia1 significance which I all things according to Thy gracious provi­ (By Clark Hoyt) wanted to share with this body: dence; we, a grateful nation, thank Thee this WASHINGTON .-Rep. Claude Pepper (D., day for the cease-fire which has been effected Fla.) appears to have h it a responsive chord ALEXANDRIA, VA., January 28, 1973. in Vietnam, and we praise Thy holy name around the country with a proposed ban on that after a decade of deadly conflict, we TV advertising of over-the-counter drugs. REMARKS MADE DURING THE SERVICE OF have now reached, in Thy mercy, the time After conducting a series of hearings in big THANKSGIVING, BY REV. W. GRAHAM SMITH when man shall not lift up his hand against cities on drug abuse in the schools, Pepper, My friends, this is a great and memorable his brother man, and peace, we believe with chairman of the House Select Committee on day for our country. I'm sure it ls a satis- honor, is established. February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3095

o God, we give Thee thanks for our Presi­ take our place as men and women of God, there is more stress on saving dollars than dent and his counsellors and envoys who, to do Thy will as we understand it, to the human lives." through the years, in face of bitter and often glory of Thy great and holy name, through Leyden also said, "the level of air safety :unjust criticism and opposition, have held Jesus Christ our Lord. was decreased by lack of implementation of to a determined and courageous course, and Amen. a newly passed Bill which encouraged retire­ have sought, by Thy help, to honor a pledge ment of air traffic controllers. This legisla­ made to a small and defenseless nation tion gave controllers the option to move on faced with the impending onslaught of a AIR TRAVEL SAFETY to other occupations when they no longer cruel foe. May Thine abundant blessing be felt capable or competent to handle live air­ upon the President and upon all who, under craft. The increase in air traffic in the last six him, have toiled and sacrificed that we might HON. WENDELL WYATT months only further points out the lack of enjoy, under Thy providence, a Just and sufficiently trained air traffic personnel to honorable peace. OF OREGON cope with further increases in the future. We remember today all who have suffered IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES There has not been one new air traffic con­ because of this war. We pray for the people Wednesday, January 31, 1973 troller hired in the last seven months. The of Vietnam, the families that have lost situation is so desperate," Leyden said, "that loved ones, the homes that have been demol­ Mr. WYATT. Mr. Speaker, John Ley­ I have taken the issue to President Nixon ished, the refugees who abound in such den, president of the Professional Air himself in the hope that he might intervene number.a in that pathetic little country. we Traffic Controllers Association­ now to prevent further air calamities which know, 0 God, that with Thy Spirit leading PATCO-has just commented UPon might result from these shortages. Our prob­ us, we will do all within our power to help the three most recent major air crashes. lem at present lies at the office of the Man­ them now that the war is over, for that is power and Budget. This group is playing what American people love to do. We pray As the president oi an organization con­ Russian Roulette with the lives of air pas­ that we may bring to them spiritual strength sisting of 16,000 air traffic oontrollers of sengers in the interest of saving dollars. They and an abundance of material aid in their the United States, John Leyden's com­ must be put on notice now that the aviation time of dire need. ments are of particular interest to us industry is not willing to allow them to We pray for our prisoners of war who will in the Government who have a respon­ blindly pursue a deadly course which is the soon be returning home, many of whom bear sibility for the safety of the citizens who obvious result of their shortsighted tactics. physical and elnotional scars which it may travel in the air. The Federal Aviation Administration/De­ take years to erase. Grant, o God, that they partment of Transportation cannot hire new may realize when they come home that a Sometimes it takes shock waves to controllers nor can it openly criticize OMB grateful nation knows their efforts were motivate action and perhaps John Ley­ for its shortsightedness. They must follow not unavailing. We honor them for what den's forceful remarks will provide such explicitly Manpower directives which cover they did, and for their courage amidst im· impetus. all categories of federal employees. It is my prisonment. Grant that they may be as­ Mr. Leyden's remarks are herewith fervent hope that a directive from the Presi­ similated into the life they once knew, and published in an effort to alert my col­ dent will rectify this situation." that in their homes and wherever they go leagues and the general public to an they may receive love and encouragement extremely hazardous situation: and good cheer. REMARKS BY JOHN LEYDEN Heavenly Father, we pray especially today THE MYTH OF THE IDEAL for the homes of those missing in action who The 154 people killed in three recent ma­ will not come home. Thou knowest, O Lord, jor air crashes may be only the beginning MINORITY how many holnes there are in our land of a bloodpath in the skies, unless the gov­ where agony will well up a:llresh as word is ernment improves its safety operations, ac­ received that a loved one does not answer cording to John Leyden, President of the HON. JEROME R. WALDIE the roll call. What a blow this will be to Professional Air Traffic Controllers Orga­ OF CALIFORNIA loving hearts and how much strength and nization (PATCO). Leyden, who represents comfort these dear relatives will need in 16,000 air traffic controllers of the United IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES their time of awful trial. Bestow upon them States, said, "As things stand, similar or Wednesday, January 31, 1973 Thy blessing in abundant measure. worse air accidents can occur. The princi­ We pray for all our military forces as they pal reason is that the staffs of air control Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, America return home. Help them to know that the facilities-which carry the lives of every air has accepted what one writer has called, great bulk of the nation honors them for passenger in their hands-have become dan­ the myth of the ideal minority. That what they have done, and may suitable em­ gerously, if not criminally, shorthanded. is, Americans are convinced that the ployment be provided for them all. "Once before," Leyden continued, "we were Asian minority of this country has none We remember with pride the thousands forced to alert the public to the unsafe of the problems which beset, for ex­ who laid down their lives in this conflict. We conditions under which many aircraft oper­ ample, the black or Chicano communi­ believe that their sacrifice has not been in ated in the air traffic control system. Re· vain. Comfort continually the loved ones who cently, public attention has been alerted by ties. We have accepted the myth, Mr. lnourn their passing, and may they derive three air accidents involving scheduled air­ Speaker, that the industrious, well ad­ great comfort from the knowledge that the liners: the crash of a United Airlines 737 justed Asian population in America has brave ones who gave their lives did so for at Midway Airpor.t, Chicago killing 43 aboard been successfully assimilated into the a great cause. and two on the ground; the collision at Chi­ mainstream of American life, and is thus We pray for the family of President John­ cago O'Hare Airport between a North Cen­ immune to the racial discrimination, the son in their bereavement. We think wist­ tral Airlines DC-9 and a Delta Airlines 880, economic inequities which beset other fully of this great-hearted servant of Thine leaving 10 passengers dead; and the first minority groups in America. who passed away one day before the an­ crash of a superjet-a Lockheed L-1011 out­ nouncement of a cease-fire was made to a side of Miami International for a death toll I submit, Mr. Speaker, that the myth thankful nation. Like Moses, President John­ of 99. of the ideal minority represents a dan­ son stood and looked upon the Promised "Three years ago President Nixon," Ley­ gerous misconception on the part of the Land which he himself was not permitted den continued, "responded to our pleas for American people and their representa­ to enter. We thank Thee for his patriotic help and per his request, Congress author­ tives at all levels of Government. Ameri­ and courageous labors. ized the hiring of over 1,000 air traffic con­ cans must be willing to recognize the May the peace which has come be a last­ trollers to temporarily relieve the air traf­ fic control system and make it safe. realities of life in this country for thou­ ing peace, O God. May the forces of evil sands of Asian-Americans who are con­ be restrained and put into confusion. And "Now, however, the staffing of many of the may there be no blood bath which would major terminal facilities, which have the re­ fronted with precisely the sort of situa­ a.gain wreak havoc upon an already ravaged sponsibility for protecting the lives of air­ tions which impose such hardships upon people. line passengers, has reached a dangerous blacks and Chicanos. Grant that we may be humble before low. Chicago O'Hare, the nation's and the Employment statistics for San Fran­ Thee, 0 God, in the consciousness of our world's busiest airport, is just one example cisco, Calif., reveal the extent of job dis­ own shortcomings, for we have many. Re­ of the controller shortage. It has less than crimination as it affects America's Asian move from our hearts the sins that create 50 percent of the essential complement nec­ minority. Asians comprise 8 percent of strife, and enable our nation to be an ex­ essary to safely handle the highest volume the population in this city, Mr. Speaker, ample to the nations of the world of what of traffic in the world. Although the govern­ a nation "under God" can be and can ac­ ment has been alerted to these facts, they yet they hold a tiny fraction of munici­ complish. Grant us Thy grace in abundant have to date been hidden from the public pal jobs and fill only 4.3 percent of the measure for the living of these days, and let because of the recent stress on economy and jobs in San Francisco's city government. the years to come be the most blessed and the hiring freeze which has been imposed on In Oakland, Calif., the U.S. Commission the most productive of Good that our be­ all federal employees, which unfortunately on Civil Rights revealed that there was loved land has ever experienced. May we all includes controllers. It appears as though not a single Asian-American occupying 3096 EXTENSIONS OF RE~ARKS February .1, 1973 . a managerial level position in that city's SEBELIUS, in introducing legislation .to users for the purpose of improving our government. In San Francisco, less than provide for a 1974 centennial celebration highways. These are not appropriations 0.5 percent of those holding management in Kansas·to commemorate the introduc­ and should not be considered as such. jobs in the municipal government were tion of Hard Red Winter wheat into the This is a rare governmental pay-as-you­ ·Asians. In light of such statistics, Mr. United States. go program. Speaker, it is, no wonder that the U:S. In the early 1870's, a contingent of Highway users continue to pay taxes Civil Service Report of 1969 concluded, German-Russian Mennonites emigrated as OMB impounds their funds. The tax­ "Oriental Americans have not obtained from southern Russia to five counties in payer is being taken and I off er a simple full access to managerial positions." central Kansas: Harvey, McPherson, and effective answer. This legislation will The fact that many Asian Americans Marion, Reno, and Sedgwick, all of cancel Federal taxes on gasoline at such are unable to obtain the education and which are in the Fourth Congressional times as all or any part of the highway technical training necessary to secure District I represent. Seeking to escape trust moneys are being impounded by employment is unquestionably a factor religious persecution, the immigrants OMB. . in the above statistics and is, itself, a sta­ were encouraged to come to Kansas by Mr. Speaker, I include the bill in its en­ tistic disproving the myth. However, the Santa Fe Railroad, which paid for tirety at this point in the RECORD: Mr. Speaker, even when members of all transportation costs. H.R. 3573 America's Asian community succeed in With them, they brought work habits A bill to provide that the imposition of securing sophisticated technical or· pro­ and dedication which had enabled them taxes the proceeds of which are appro­ fessional training, overt racial discrimi­ to prosper in the Crimea. Equally im­ priated to the Highway Trust Fund shall nation often times prevents these Asia portant, they brought seed stock of Tur­ be suspended during any period when Americans from getting jobs commensu­ key Hard Red Winter wheat. Their im­ amounts in the fund are impoundeq or rate with their abilities and training. In .mediate success with this seed on the otherwise withheld from expendit-µre Los Angeles, where the Filipino popula­ Kansas prairie led to its rapid adoption Be it enacted by the Senate and House of tion has increased from 20,000 in 1965 to by neighboring farmers. Representatives of the United States of some 50,000 at present, the New York The resulting harvests made our coun­ America in Congress assembled, That. (a) ex­ Times Points out the following: try the "Breadbasket of the World.".Dur­ cept as provided by subsection (b) , if- ( 1) any part of the sums authorized to Today a majority of the Filipino immi­ ing years of large surpluses, this ac­ be appropriated for expenditure for Federal­ grants are doctors, lawyers, engineers, teach­ complishment is taken for granted, or aid highways are not fully apportioned as ers, nurses and other professionally trained even cursed. Its importance is more evi­ required by title 23 of the United States persons. dent in times of world shortages such Code, or Yet the life that most of them accept here as we have witnessed this year. The in­ (2) any part of the sums available in the is one that most native Americans would Highway Trust Fund to defray expenditures shun. troduction of this hardy crop has en­ Laiwyers work as clerks, teachers as secre­ abled Kansans to justly claim, that if required to be made from such fund are taries, dentists as aids, engineers as mechan­ necessary, they can feed the world. impounded or withheld from obligation, ics, and in some instances as common labor­ Congressman SEBELIUS and I, along then the taxes referred to in section 209 ( c) ers. with several colleagues, first introduced of the Highway Revenue Act of 1956 (23 U.S.C. 120 note, relating to transfer to trust I am convinced, Mr. Speaker, that the this resolution in 1971. The response from fund of amounts equivalent to certain taxes) creation of a Cabinet Committee on :my constituents in the five counties has shall not be imposed during any period of Asian American Affairs would make a been very encouraging. They are well failure to fully apportion such sums and significant contribution toward solving .aware of the economic significance of during any period when such sums are im­ the serious problems which are currently this crop at the local, national, and in­ pounded or withheld from obligation. keeping Asians from realizing their full ternational levels. A major key to our (b) Subsection (a) shall not apply with Kansas economy is still the wheat crop. respect to such specific sums as may be de­ potential. The Cabinet Committee on termined by the Secretary of the Treasury, Asian American Affairs which I am pro­ Citizens of several towns in my district have started local efforts to hold special after consultation with the Secretary of posing would focus national attention on Transportation, are necessary to be withheld the plight of this sorely neglected mi­ observances of this centennial. Congres­ from obligation for specific periods of time to nority group, as well as providing a sional passage of this resolution will en­ assure that sufficient amounts wlll be avail­ means of conducting studies and estab­ courage these ~nd similar celebrations able in the Highway Trust Fund to defray lishing programs which will enable throughout our State and the Great the expenditures which will be required to be Americans to' meet the needs of her Plains area. made from such fund. Asian community in a variety of areas. It is also our intention to ask the Post­ I might add at this Point, Mr. Speaker, master General to issue an appropriate that one of my major areas of concern commemorative stamp for this occasion. In designing the stamp, consultation VIETNAM CEASE-FIRE: AFTER­ in calling for the creation of this com­ THOUGHT mittee lies in the development of rele­ with wheat growers, flour millers, and vant educational programs for Asian bakers in our State will be initiated. Americans of all ages. The critical need The centennial year is drawing near, HON. JOHN R. RARICK for such programs, which would place and I urge prompt and favorable action particular emphasis on language train­ on this resolution by the House Judi­ OF LOUISIANA ing, is best demonstrated by the fact that ciary Committee. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES there are some 650,000 Asians in America Thursday, February 1, 1973 today who were either born in Asia or Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, millions whose parents were born in Asia. Surely, IMPOUNDMENTOFHIGHWAY of Americans continue to ponder our Mr. Speaker, this fact alone is indicative TRUST FUNDS cease-fire and withdrawal policy in of the Asian communities' strong need South Vietnam which we have adopted for a Cabinet committee responsible not without having ended the conflict or ful­ only for safeguarding their fundamental HON. RICHARD G. SHOUP filled our mission in Southeast Asia. rights, but further, for implementing the The confusion may well result from types of programs which this long ig­ OF MONTANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the public's lack of being informed as to nored minority so badly needs. our role in Indochina and which Com­ Thursday, February 1, 1973 munist aggressor our leaders were com­ Mr. SHOUP. Mr. Speaker, OMB serves mitted to halt. WHEAT CENTENNIAL RESOLUTION to assert the will of the Executive over The significance of the President's congressional appropriations. I do not trips to Peking and Moscow and our new HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER quarrel with our basic system of checks cooperation with Red China and the OF KANSAS and balances that has served us so well Soviets, the cease-fire may be better un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over the years. I do quarrel, however, derstood by my remarks from 1971, with the imPoundment by OMB of mon­ "United States-Soviet Policy in South­ Thursday, February 1, 1973 eys that have been collected as user taxes. east Asia." I insert them in the RECORD Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I am I am speaking specifically of highway at this point, along with other relevant joining with my fellow Kansan, KEITH trust moneys, collected from highway material: February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3097 [From the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Mar. 10, "Second, the confrontation in Vietnam is, "The same is true of the Soviet Union, 1971) in the final analysis, not between the Viet­ whose large-scale aid to Hanoi makes lt a U .$.-SOVIET POLICY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA namese and the Viet Cong nor between the semi-participant in the war. Moscow must be Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, our policy in United States and the Viet Cong, but be­ torn by contradictory inclinations. A com­ Southeast Asia has been based on contain­ tween the United States ana communist plete victory for Hanoi would tend to bene­ ing Red Chinese expansionism. The doctrine China. If communist China were not in­ fit Peking in the struggle for influence of containment has been advanced time and stigating and supporting the Viet Cong, there among the communist parties of the world; it time again by policy-makers in the Johnson would be no war in Vietnam today. (Italic for would support the Chinese argument that administration, by international atfalrs emphasis) intransigence toward the United States is if analysts, by members of the intellectual "Third, a U.S. defeat in Vietnam means a not without risk, at least relatively manage­ community, and by Richard Nixon himself Chinese communist victory which could de­ able. But a defeat of Hanoi would demon­ in justifying U.S. military presence in South­ cide the fate of Asia for generations to come." strate Soviet inability to protect "fraternal" east Asia. William P. Bundy, presently visiting pro­ communist countries against the United Dean Rusk, who was Secretary of State fessor, Center of International Studies, MIT; States. It would also weaken a potential bar­ rier to Chinese infience in Southeast Asia under Presidents Kennedy and Johnson, in former Assistant Secretary of State for Far reviewing U.S. foreign policy in 1966 stated: Eastern Affairs, 1964-69 and Assistant Secre­ and enable Peking to turn its full fury on "We must remain firm in our determina­ tary of Defense for International Security Moscow." tion to help those allied nations which seek Affairs, 1963-64, wrote in Foreign Affairs for Kissinger apparently believes that the So­ our help to resist the direct and indirect January 1971: viets are caught in a dilemma in Vietnam use of threat of force against their territory "The picture [in Southeast Asia] is wholly whereby they stand to lose a great deal i! different from what it was in the spring and Hanoi should either win or lose the war. by Peiping.'' They would wish neither. The seriousness of our determination to summer of 1965, when the culminating se­ ries of major American decisions in Vietnam Nixon said in 1964 that RU6sia and Red stand firm and oppose Red China's expan­ China were: sion efforts was brought light in testi­ was taken. to "Then, the great power forces within the "Bitter enemies." mony by Secretary of Defense Robert s. Mc­ And that: Namara before the Senate Foreign Rela­ area were seen in starkly bipolar terms: the 'East Wind' of China was blowing strongly "Moscow does not want to see Peking grow tions Committee on March 3, 1966 in which strong and expand in Southeast Asia.'' he hinted that war with Red China was and thrustingly versus a 'West Wind' which was pretty much American alone ..•. Then, He also stated in 1965 that: possible: "The Soviet Union is not now interested in "Given this history of militant aggressive if ever, a Hanoi takeover of South Vietnam seemed likely, in conjunction with other the Chinese gaining success in Asia, or any actions by Communist China, it would be place else." irresponsible for me to say that we run no trends, to make probable not only North, Vietnamese domination. in the Indochina This same view of wanting to "contain" risk of war with China arising from our Red China as a policy of the Soviet Union efforts to defend South Vietnam from aggres­ area but a wave of Ch,inese expansion into the rest of Southeast Asia. has been expressed. by others. Nationally sion." syndicated columnist David Lawrence in an Again in July of 1966, McNamara said: "The United States, with these wider stakes much in mind, decided, with the support of editorial wrote about Soviet intentions in "China is building more military power Vietnam in this way: than she needs to protect herself against others, to stand in defense of Soitth Viet­ nam." "It ls acknowledged that the Soviet Union their neighbors-there is at least the pre­ has spent an average of a billion dollars a sumption, if not the certainty, that she may In an article appearing in the Octo­ ber 1967 issue of Foreign Atfairs entitled year on the Vietnam war. The objective has use that military power to try to advance been to gain friends in Southeast Asia and, beyond her borders, probing and taking ad­ "Asia After Viet Nam" Nixon, justifying U.S. involvement in Vietnam, said: also to prevent Rea China from acquiring a vantage of weakness on her periphery • • • dominant position on the continent by set­ and therefore, ... I think it is important "The U.S. presence has provided ... a shield behind which the anti-communist forces ting up its own puppet states." that the weak nations of the periphery of Bundy has had this to say about the So- · Red China be assisted to grow economically, found the courage and the capacity to stage their counter-coup and, at the final moment, viet interests in Southeast Asia: to grow politically and to receive military "As for the Soviet Union's own behavior, assistance when required to throw back po­ to rescue their country from the Chinese orbit.'" there has been a slowly emerging trend to tential aggression from Red China." treat Southeast Asia in the same manner as McNamara. held to his view that Red Chi­ Another member of the Johnson cab­ inet, John Gardner, warned in an inter­ it deals with India and Pakistan and with nese supported aggression dictated U.S. mili­ the same basic fear of Chinese expansion as tary presence in South Vietnam. On January view published in the Christian Science Monitor of June 8, 1970 that: a major factor. In addition to their need for 22, 1966, at the height of the war in Vietnam, rubber, the Soviets have a natural interest in McNamara in a prepared statement before "The withdrawal of American commitment from Southeast Asia would change the terms the free movement of their commercial ·ship­ the Senate Armed Services Committee stated: ping through the southern seas. and as time "We can a~ that Red China will con­ of the debate going forward within mainland China. Powerful forces are at work there to goes on this interest is bound to be reflected tinue to support North Vietnam's aggression in sound naval activity." against South Vietnam and Laos as well as move post-Mao China toward a long delayed concentration of its energies and talents According to Bundy, the Soviet Union not the present low keyed but continuing insur­ only fears the political implications of rections against Thailand and Burma .•. In on the modernization of its life. American withdrawal would, in my view, inevitably Chinese expansion in Southeast Asia, it is its dealings with the Peking regime, the Unit­ also concerned that it might lose a potential ed States will be concerned. to stress the lead Peking to exploit its new oppoTtunities to the south." source of raw materials and endanger its common interest we share in avoiding war, commercial trade in that area. •.. while we continue to try to deter direct One of France's top economists and polit­ ical scientists, Prof. Raymond Aron, has President Nixon has also recognized the So­ or indirect Chinese aggressions against her viets' concern about Red China as related to 11eighbors." · maintained that the United States involved itself in Vietnam under the containment the problem o:t Vietnam. When asked at a Wa.lt Whitman Rostow, a National Secu­ news conference on March 4, 1969, about rity Advisor to both Presidents Kennedy and doctrine. In an interview with U.S. News & World Report in 1969, Aron stated that: whether he had been able to enlist the Soviet Johnson, has defended U.S. involvement in Unior.'s help in getting out or Vietnam, a Vietnam inasmuch as it prevented Commu­ "The U.S. intervened in South Vietnam­ rightly or wrongly-in the name of a policy position he had taken during his candidacy nist China from dominating Asia. for the Presidency, Nixon replied: This same position was taken by John­ of containment, which was perhaps mean­ ingless but it was the official policy. It was "As you know, the Soviet Union is in a·very son's Under Secretary of State for Political delicate and sensitive position as far as Viet­ Affairs. Eugene Rostow, in an interview with not done in order to establish any sovereignty in South Vietnam." nam is concerned. I do not divulge any con­ William Whitworth of the New Yorker fidence from the Soviet Ambassador in indi­ magazine which appeared in the New Yorker If containment of Communist China is our present policy vis-a-vis Southeast Asia, the cating that ls the case ... here you have of July 4, 1970 in a lengthy article entitled "A Communist China aiding North Vietnam. Reporter at Large, Some Questions About the question naturally arises: "How is military victory over North Vietnam-a policy which You also have the Soviet Union aiding North War." Vietnam. Each is vying for power in the Com­ The containment doctrine has also been ex­ three administrations have refused to pur­ sue-incompatible with our overall policy of munist world and, therefore what the Soviet pounded by Mr. Nixon. In a speech to the Union does in the Vietnamese conflict is a Executive Club of New York on January 26 containing Chinese communist expansion?" A review of other statements by persons very difficult decision for them as related to 1965 wherein he called for stepped-up mill~ that objective-the objective o:t leadership in tary activities by the United States in Viet­ who make or influence U.S. foreign policy niight be helpful in providing some of the the Communist world." nam, Nixon stated: Apparently our appreciation for the So­ "It is dangerous and foolhardy to try to answer. viet Union's difficult situation in Vietnam gloss over the truth a.s to what the war in Henry Kissinger, who formulates foreign Vietnam really involves: policy for Nixon, and is the President's Assist­ goes further than one would think at first "First, the war in Vietnam is not about ant for National Security Affairs discussed glance. Eugene Rostow has provided us with Vietnam but about Southeast Asia. tl1e Soviet•s stake in Vietnam: ' au interesting insight into the thinking of 301)8 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February .J., 1973 U.S. policymakers on the subject of Vietnam nam from the Nixon administration, Secre­ the present Soviet policy there? Or is it that as related to Soviet objectives there: tary of State William P. Rogers told the Sen­ the United States does in fact share with the "When I came into the State Department ate Foreign Relations Committee that:· Soviet Union a common economic interest in 1966, Rusk asked me to try to think of "We are not seeking a military v,ictory nor in that area? But, even so, it is only the alternatives in Vietnam, and I thought of do we want military escalation in Vietnam..'' Soviet Union' who benefits by the continued the way the Korean war was unwound. And Why not an end to the war by .victory in stalemate. In the short run it keeps Asia I told the Russians, with full backing from Southeast Asia? It is certainly not because out of the hands of the Soviet's Communist my bosses, that this was the best way to victory is not possible. Gen. William West­ enemy, Red China, and in the long run solve the Vietnam problem-the way the moreland, Army Chief of Staff and former weakens internally by divisiveness among Korean problem was solved. Namely, by Rus­ commander of U.S. Armed Forces in South­ its people caused by a no win policy its only sian.:American collaboration. They said, east-Asia said in 1969 that the United States real barrier to world domination, the United "That's very interesting, and it hasn't been could win a military victory in Vietnam: · States, who is also forced to furnish the rejected, but it's very difficult for us." A:nd "Absolutely, if it were the policy of this arms, money, and support troops with which I said, "Yes, we understand, we're not trying country to seek one, and if we were given the to fight the war. to push you out of there and turn it over to resources." If our involvement in Indochina is to help the Chinese at all. Quite the contrary." And The late Senator Richard B. Russell who keep this area out of the hands of the Chi­ they said, "We never reject this approach." was privy to much inside information on nese Communists for later exploitation by But they didn't a.ct on it, either . . . They Vietnam as chairman of the Senate Armed the Russian Communists, or if U.S. policy are very much concerned a.bout leadership Services and Appropriations Committees and is tailored so as not to embarrass the Soviet of the world Communist movement, or move­ as a close personal friend of President John­ Union, we should withdraw our forces from ments, and their rivalry with China in that son, said in 1969 that: Vietnam forthwith. r~gard. They really seem to care quite a. "We could've brought the war to a conclu­ Kissinger said in a background briefing 011 lot a.bout that." sion in three months, up to two years ago." U.S. foreign policy at San Clemente, Calif., While Moscow is not anxious to accept the Criticizing Johnson for his handling of the Juue 26, 1970, that: American presence in Asia., it is more afraid war, Russell said in January of 1970: "It Ls very hard to see what we could do that Asia. will be dominatee. by Red China. "My complaint with him [Johnson] was in Southeast Asia that would produce a di­ "Although a united Vietnam under. Com­ not for sending others in, but because we rect confrontation with the Soviet Union." munist leadership would seem to be the­ didn't go on and win the day by closing up If what Kissinger says is true, either the oretically desirable from the Soviet point of the ports of North Vietnam. He let the timid Soviet Union is not as interested in South­ view, an ominous background presence of souls in the State Department talk him out east Asia as has been noted, or the Soviets Red China would almost suggest in practice of that. He could have ended that war in six have been assured in advance that what we that a divided Vietnam may not [thwart] the months any time." do in Vietnam wm not be damaging to them. long-range policy planners of the USSR. Even Kissinger admits that victory ls now "The Soviets share with the United States possible but he is apparently concerned, for [From an interview of South Vietnamese and local nations in Asia-including North some undetermined reason, that the South President Thieu by Oriana Fallaci as re­ Vietnam-an interest in preventing Red Vietnamese might carry the war to the north ported in The New Republic, _January 20, China's domination of the Asian mainland. in an attempt to achieve that objective. 1973) . This provides the main basis for Soviet-North Peregrine Worsthorne, a political columnist Vietnamese relations in Southeast Asia vis­ for the London Sunday Telegraph, who inter­ We read as follows: a-vis Red China. Although the Soviets are viewed both Nixon and Kissinger on the sub­ Q, I wonder what Dr. Kissinger answered equally concerned with United States po~icy ject of Vietnam, had this to say about Kis­ or, at least, what he thought. and actions in the area, their immediate singer's views on Vietnam: A. Mademoiselle ... his strategic concep­ concern is centered more on the short-run "Henry Kissinger is engagingly frank on tion of the world is very smart: a Southeast threat that the United States poses to the this point. He admits that on first coming Asia controlled by the Russians, or an Indo­ survival of a Communist state-North Viet­ into the White House his assumption was china. controlled by the Russians, in order nam-which the Soviets are committed to that the NiXon policy of combining Ameri­ to control and contain China. Russians are defend against her overthrow by the United can withdrawal with rapid Vietnamization less dangerous than the Chinese, so it's States. The Soviets are concerned less that was in effect litle more than a face-saving necessary to ask the Russians to contain the in the long run the United States will be able formula. The Vietnamization program was Chinese and to pose Indochina as a threat to dominate the Asian mainland than that seen as a bluff designed to build up a slightly to the south of China ... Tres bon, tres bon! Red China may ... in this context ... Soviet more fav01'able negotiating position from Very good! It's like a general who observes interests would be best served by a stalemate which to reach a settlement that would in the map and marks the map here and there in Vietnam.... " effect be a North Vietnamese victory, only de­ with his pen. But the poor captain who leads Although the Soviet Union dismisses it as layed long enough to save America's face. his men through rivers and woods, and goes propaganda, the Red Chinese talk of United The last two years, however, have drastically up the hills, comes down the hi1ls, shoots and States-Soviet collusion on Vietnam. In an altered his judgment. Vietnamization has is shot ... no, for him it's no good. A little interview with Simon Malley of the Washing­ succeeded beyond his wildest expectation. Vietnamese doesn't play with a strategic ton Evening Star in 1967, Red Chinese For­ " ... Kissinger believes it to be the task map of the world. He has no group-interest eign Minister Chen Yi said that Khrushchev of the realist today to prick the defeatist on this planet. He has nothing to exchange, and Eisenhower had made a deal at their bubble. He is no longer worried by the pos­ no Middle East to exchange with Vietnam, 1959 meetings at Camp David, Md., wherein sibility of the North Vietnamese pulling off no Germany to exchange with Japan; he he said: some catastrophic surprise. Much more dan­ has nothing but life and death for 17 mil­ "They agreed to work together to main­ gerous and possible in the long run, in his lion inhabitants! And his danger ts to fall tain a political status quo in the world. By view, is the possibility of the South Viet­ under the sway of Hanoi, or of Moscow and the terms of the deal, the Soviet Union was namese doing something untoward. One al­ Peking, because it ls the same thing. Voila le committed to discourage wars of national most got the impression from Kissinger that probleme, Messieurs les Americainsl You look liberation directed against governments he is more worried today that the South very far, too far. We cannot. friendly to the United States." Vietnamese will invade the North than vice • • • • • Premier Chou En-lai added further: versa." The distinguished British journalist, Henry "What the Russian revisionists aimed at Since victory over the enemy in Southeast Brandon, has written a provocative book on was to develop further the recognition by the Asia Ls possible, why will not this administra­ contemporary U.S. foreign policy, "Retreat U.S.A. and Russia of areas of vital interest, tion, as the two that passed before, allow of American Power." It has not as yet been which they divided between themselves." it? A victory now, over communism, would published but an excerpt from it was printed One would be willing to agree with the do more to benefit the United States and ,in la.st Sunday's New York Times Magazine, Soviets that this is nothing but mainland the rest of the free world, particularly the entitled "Mr. Nixon's Way With the Rus­ China propaganda if it were not for the per­ free Asian world, than any other present sians." sistence with which the leaders in the United course of action. It would bind up the in­ An interesting passage interprets American States adhere to our all-out no-wiri policy in ternal wounds of divisiveness here in the action in Vietnam: United States caused by our present no-win "Dean Rusk, L.B.J.'s Secretary of State, was Vietnam. policy; it would give hope to those mi111ons Three administrations have agreed that dovish toward Moscow, but felt hawkish to­ of people now enslaved under Communist ward the Government in Peking; he favored we should commit the lives of American men regimes elsewhere; and it would show those a policy of containing China in collusion to the Asian continent to fight a war of at­ millions of people in the free world, some of with the Soviet Union. NiXon rejected this trition to contain communism, yet for some whom face the threat of communism daily approach because he thought it would be mysterious reason the question of military that Communist totalitarianism is a thing interpreted in Asia as a racist-influenced victory cannot even be considered. Mc­ of the past. What could be more in the policy, and from the start prepared for an Namara. had said that: - American interest than ending the war evenhanded policy, though one based ·on a "U.S. policy 1n Vietnam is bottomed upon through victory? belief that the Russians were the more dan­ a disavowal of any intention to destroy the Could tt be, as has been suggested by gerous bece. use they were more likely to take Hanoi regime, to seize its territory.'' Nixon, Kissinger, Rostow and others, that military risks. Nevertheless, his · Vietnamese And in the first official statement on Viet- our overriding consideration in Vietnam is policy decisions risked Russian defiance. February 11 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3099' THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE urgent need for postal reform of the old sys- . New systems for handling the mail alfio tem. · helped boost the output. The bulk mall cen­ What does our balance sheet look like after ters for processing parcels are an example. a full year's operation? In fiscal year 1972, Another is Area Mail Processing, perhaps the HON. GOODLOE E. BYRON postal revenues, fees a.nd income provided most important system developed in recent OF MARYLAND 84 percent of our total costs. This is an in­ years for increasing productivity. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crease from an average 80 percent for the In the smaller cities and villages, letters three-year period 1969-71. with non-local addresses are dispatched, Thursday, February 1, 1973 It meant that the Postal Service--in its without sorting, directly to a central area Mr. BYRON. Mr. Speaker, various first full year of reorganization-required mail processing office. These centers have $1.3 billion in a direct congressional appro­ the mail volume and mechanization to dis­ newspape!' articles have questioned the priation, down 34.8 percent from a high of tribute the mail efficiently to other offices success of the U .s. Postal Service since $2.08 billion in 1971. within the area as well as to more distant its inception over a year ago. We are all Our revenues totaled $7.8 billion, up 18.3 destinations. aware of the scope of this organization's percent from 1971 while operating expenses Typically, a center can serve customers and undertaking; the current National As­ amounted to $9.5 billion, up 6.3 percent. post offices within a. radius of from 60 to 90 sociation of Manufacturers report offers We handled a record 87.2 billion pieces of miles, depending upon highway conditions encouraging evidence that the Postal mall last year, or 419 per capita, up from 87 and population densities. billion pieces in 1971. During fiscal year 1972, the number of Service will succeed. Like business, we have begun looking to area mail processing programs climbed from Postmaster General Klassen discusses new products. The success of several new 91 to more than 200. Within the coming six in detail the service standards which postal products was demonstrated by the months, we expect to nearly complete im­ have been established and the programs growing demand for Express Mail, a pre­ plementation of this program by adding more which will enable the Postal Service to mium service for documents with a high than 100 areas. meet them. Of special interest is the new time value. The "massing" of mail at area centers and national bulk mail system which will im­ There was also a demand for the Mailgram, larger cities has increased the percentage of a message which combines the speed of elec­ mail processed with modern equipment. For prove service provided packages, maga­ tronic communications with the Postal Serv­ example, the percentage of letters handled zines, books, catalogs, and advertising ice's unrivaled delivery network. mechanically by letter sorting machines is material. Perhaps most importantly, we are now estimated to have reached 35 percent of the Postmaster General Klassen points out treating mail users as customers and through 55 billion letters delivered annually. that while progress is being made, 1·eally a series of -actions are working to be more The key to mechanized lette:- processing is substantial, noticeable improvement may responsive to their needs. An intensive effort the 12-position letter sorting machine. Its take more time. But the Postal Service to improve existing postal facilities so as to effectiveness was strengthened with the in­ commitment seems to be genuine, and better serve customers and provide a modern stallation of a computerized system for working environment for postal employes is "translating" the ZIP code in the address. their efforts should prove successful. under way. This eliminates the need for "scheme" I have included the Postmaster Gen­ This year, the Board of Governors author­ knowledge on the part of the postal clerk and eral's article for the information of my ized implementation of the National Bulk makes it possible for postal managers to colleagues. The article follows: Mail System, providing 21 major centers and quickly change distribution patterns to meet POSTAL SERVICE MEANS BUSINESS 12 satellite facilities to form a nationwide transportation schedules and mail processing (By E. T. Klassen) system for handling packages, magazines, needs at the destination cities. catalogs, books and advertising mail. More than ever, the ZIP code is the key Since July l, 1971, when the old Post Office When completed, the $950 million invest­ to moving the mails promptly. Department became the independent U.S. ment in plant and machinery is expected Despite the productivity gains achieved Postal Service, we have pursued two major to pmvide an excellent financial return, with last year and those projected for fiscal year goals: to improve the quality and reliability significant improvements in the consistency 1973, postage wage costs are rising signifi­ of mail services, and to reduce costs. of service. cantly. In addition to wage increases If our first annual report has a business­ Each of these strategically located centers amounting to 10 percent for rank and file like look, it- is because we meim business. In will process bulk mail for post offices and postal employes in fiscal year 1972, we are tackling problems that were decades in the stations within a radius of from 100 to 200 committed in fiscal year 1973 to an addi­ making, we have taken a businesslike ap­ miles. Construction will follow techniques tional annualized salary increase of 8 per­ proach to the awesome task of delivering similar to those employed in private indus­ cent for these employees. The average postal more than 87 billion pieces of mail a year. try, using several standard light industrial employee today makes more than $12,000 an­ Our first goal was service improvement. building designs and commercially available nually in salary and benefits. While our service performance is still un­ equipment. In the fiscal year ended June 30, 1972, even-our tests indicate the mail service Completion of the first bulk mail center­ we also embarked on programs that will overall continues to improve. for New York City-is expected in fiscal year make the Postal Service more competitive in Most of the mail is first-class-49 billion 1974. The operation of the Bulk Mail Center the decades ahead. pieces out of the 87 billion delivered last processing plant is based on the utilization In addition to the bulk mail :facilities pro­ year. Ninety-four percent of the first-class of new equipment concepts designed to keep gram transportation services have been mail deposited by 5 p.m. and destined for the mail continuously on the move from strengthened. The surface transportation local delivery is being delivered the next day. arrival to departure. network now ha-s express trucks and special In smaller communities, the percentage is Our second goal was cost reduction. Strong mail trains geared specifically to our mail usually even higher. measures have been taken to reduce oper­ processing requirements. We believe that another indicator of im­ ating costs. On March 29, 1972, restrictions We are moving time-value publications, proved service was a reduction in the time were placed on the hiring of additional em­ perishables and other preferential sui·face for delivery. Without regard to the time of ployees. The effect of these restrictions was mail between Atlanta and Los Angeles, for day when the leUer was deposit ed or to the significant, since 85 percent of the Postal example, in 52 hours instead of the 100 distance sent, the average time for deliver­ Service's costs are for labor. hours required for "piggy-back" rail ship­ ing each of the 49 billion first-class letters In a four-month period, the employment ments. At the close of the year there were decreased from 1.7 to 1.6 days. level was reduced through attrition by more 72 primary truck and rail routes in the na­ In the important parcel post category, the than 33,000 persons. tional network. average time for delivery decreased from 4.9 The commit ment by postal managers, es­ Airmail service was also improved with th~ days during the final quarter of 1971 to 4.3 pecially in the field, to hold costs in line expansion of the air taxi network. Private days in the final quarter. of this year. enabled us to announce in the summer of firms contract, typically, to provide air serv­ Postal management is directing priority 1972 that the Postal Service would avoid the ice between the medium-sized cities where attention to improving the consistency of previously budgeted $450 million postage rate the scheduled airlines are not offering sen·­ postal service. Service standards, first intro­ increase scheduled for January 1973. ice at suitable hours. duced for airmail, were extended last year to We achieved a significant 2.4 percent pro­ Still under development and testing is a first-class mail. Additional service standards, ductivity gain in the fiscal year ended June preferential mail processing concept which covering all other mail categories, were being 30. This productivity figure contrasts sharply could eliminate much of the manual proc­ tested as the fiscal year ended. with gains averaging less than one percent essing of letter mail. What does this mean to American busi­ annually through most of the 1960s. Inevitably, these changes will bring ness which, as our largest customer, gen­ In part, this reflected increased mechani­ broader career opportunities and greater erates about 80 percent of all mail handled? zation in mail processing. A larger share of self-sat isfaction for employes and local man­ We trust it means more business for us the productivity gain, however, must be at­ agers who are willing to be Judged by actual and better and more dependable service for tributed to our managers in the field. This accomplishments. the business sector at reasonable prices. yea'l', they had the authority to make more Our customers-the American people--will It was American business, perhaps better effective use of manpower and other re­ receive better, more · consistent service at than any other group, that understood the sources. reasonable prices. 3100 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 The process of turning around an orga­ Speaker, a.nd it is something I want to By the end of Mr. Johnson's tenure, there nization as vast and geographically dispersed help accomplish. was very little--from the quality of a school as the Postal Service will require time. Given system in Sonoma to the security of a village the patience and understanding of our cus­ in the Mekong Delta-that was not regarded tomers, our employes, the news media, and. A UNIQUE ROLE as the responsibility of the Washington gov­ the Congress, I am confident that the Postal ernment. Service will become a productive and creative The new era, in a curious way, was prob­ force in the coming decade. HON. MARVIN L. ESCH ably symbolized by the absence of any such parade of personages through the White OF MICHIGAN House either at Mr. Nixon's inaugural last IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES week or at the Johnson services here this Thursday, February 1, 1973 week. Mr. Nixon discourages such visits, as TRIBUTE TO WITT STEPHENS he discourages patron-client relationships be­ . Mr. ESCH. Mr. Speaker, in his column tween the government he heads and people which appeared in the Washington Post with problems, at home or abroad. HON. RAY THORNTON on Sunday, Columnist David Broder He has not been notably successful in ex­ highlighted the new era into which this plaining his notion of what the new era is OF ARKANSAS Nation is entering after the end of the about. In Vietnam, his critics have accused IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES him repeatedly of prolonging the war in Vietnam war and the beginning of Pres­ order to save a particular government head­ Thursday, February 1, 1973 ident Nixon's second term. ed by President Thieu. Mr. THORNTON. Mr. Speaker, we In my mind, this is one of the most in­ Many of these same critics have faulted sometimes fail to note the truly impor­ cisive and perceptive discussions of our Mr. Nixon for being too eager to sacrifice situation I have read. I congratulate Mr. varticular domestic programs--be they farm tant events in the lives of our neighbors Broder of the clarity of his writing and subsidies, housing subsidies, or aid to the and friends. To captw·e in a few words the depth of his il1sight and I commend poor. the spirit and depth of a great man is The President's view is that he is being never easy. Although we note the events it to all my colleagues as a most useful more consistent than his critics. His goal­ in his life which are best publicized, we exposition of the new debates and new the goal of the Nixon Doctrine in foreign sometimes overlook the ones which re­ era which we are facing. policy and of New Federalism at home-iS flect his real worth-the events and ac­ The article follows: neither to save nor eliminate specific foreign complishments which reflect the in­ A UNIQUE ROLE, A UNIQUE MAN governments or specific domestic programs (By David S. Broder) dependent on Washington, but rather to end tangible facets of his character. the relationship of dependency for both. It is unimPortant that W.R. Stephens An era ended for Washington, for America and, quite possibly, for the world this pa.st What is consistent about the Nixon view did not finish high school. But it has week. And Richard Nixon stands unchal­ of the new era is its belief in the critical im­ often been noted. My uncle's path from lenged in his opportunity to shape what portance of the process of local self-deter­ a farmhouse door in Grant County has comes next. mination. That is what Mr. Nixon said he led to a noteworthy career in business He is quite literally alone now-without was fighting to preserve in Vietnam and it which has brought him great recognition. a living predecessor in office, without a peer is what he says he is striving to achieve in among those who share power in America's his proposals for decentralization of govern­ We know of the respansibilities he as­ ment at home. He deserves to be taken seri­ sumed for the benefit of his employees, government or who hold power in other nations. ously--even by those who disagree. business associates and consumers. But If you stood in the Capitol last Wednesday In this capital, there are many who do dis­ some may have overlooked the resPon­ when Mr. Nixon laid a wreath at the bier agree. They see both the Nixon Doctrine and sibility he assumed for the welfare of a of Lyndon B. Johnson, you sensed the soli­ the New Federalism as an abdication of re­ fourth group: the people who "need a tude of his position even more poignantly sponsibility, a retreat from the obligations boost just to get to a place where they than at the inaugural ceremonies five days America undertook for the world and for its can start making it on their own." earlier. own citizens in the past two generations. Seeing his head in profile, as he inclined That debate is as legitimate as it is im­ When he announced a program pledg­ portant, but as it begins, one must marvel ing his company's commitment to this it in prayer, you had to think to yourself­ how much now depends on what is going on at the fact that fate has put Richard Nixon fourth responsibility, he voiced his belief behind that forehead. in a unique position of power at this par­ that all of us benefit when we help people It is an extraordinary coincidence that has ticular juncture. who start out with less than their fair brought within the compass pf these few He is not the man one would have guessed share. days the inauguration of the President, the would win a. landslide election victory and As president and chail·man of the death of his predecessor, the end of the he is not the President one would have Vietnam fighting and-with tomorrow's guessed would shape a transition of historic board of the Arkansas-Louisiana Gas Co., dimensions. But we have underestimated the he played a pioneering role in the devel­ budget message-the start of a radical rede­ sign of the domestic policies of the past four role history had in mind for him. opment of the gas industry, for which he decades. I once wrote that he "got to be President earned the American Gas Association's Both ceremony and substance are telling of the United States by being more durable highest honor: the Distinguished Service us: One period has ended and now another than any of his political rivals-not by being Award. begins. brighter, more attractive, wittier or more But people in Arkansas appreciate the What is ending is an era of international eloquent." commitment he made-long before the politics shaped by a constant threat of con­ As President, it is his doggedness more "energy crisis" was recognized and la­ flict With totalitarian powers. What is ending than anything else that has distinguished is an era of domestic politics formed by him. beled-to acquire and dedicate sufficient fierce struggle over the allocation of govern­ But now we have arrived at what, one feels, gas reserves to fulfill his pledge to the ment benefits to rival claimant groups. is surely a genuine turning point in our na­ "biscuit cookers" in his five-State area. The chief byproduct of that era was the tional history, and the man who can lead us Now, we are noting his retirement, in creation in Washington of a huge govern­ past this juncture is our old friend Richard keeping with company policy, at the age mental structure, whose existence and Nixon. The campaign slogans have turned of 65. But what lies ahead for him is activities were premised on the belief that out to be true. Wonder of wonders, "now the American government could decide, in more than ever, Nixon's the one." more impartant to note. For his will be specifics, how the world order and the domes­ no ordinary retirement. tic society should be arranged. Already he has pledged to continue The old order was symbolized by the parade working for the economic development of foreign potentates and domestic leaders MAN'S INHUMANITY TO MAN­ of our region and for a higher quality of through the White House in the first days of Lyndon Johnson's presidency. They had HOW LONG? life, better jobs, better training and bet­ come to pay honor to the slain President, but ter opPortunities for the young, the un­ they also came-the kings and prime minis­ employed and those who need help. ters, the governors, mayors and party chief­ HON. WILLIAM J. SCHERLE For example, Witt Stephens has an­ tains, the union and business heads-as OF IOWA clients of the government Mr.· Johnson had nounced that he intends to build a col­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lege in Grant County, Ark., aimed at just begun to lead. The hallmark of the Johnson presidency Thursday, February 1, 1973 providing vocational, technical and busi­ was the extension of the domestic policies of ness training for young people. Franklin Roosevelt and the foreign policies Mr. SCHERLE. Mr. Speaker, a child This is something important, Mr. of Harry Truman to their ultimate reach. asks: "Where is daddy?" A mother asks: February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3101' "How is my son?" A wife asks: "Is my There are those who would argue that BUFFALO EXPERIENCING A RENAIS­ husband alive or dead?" the mere presence of religious objects SANCE OF ACCOMPLISHMENT IN · Communist North Vietnam is sadis­ in the school make the education sec­ MASS TRANSIT, OTHER REVITAL­ tically practicing spiritual and mental tarian. Yet if we were to take this argu­ IZATION genocide on over 1,925 American prison­ ment to its logical conclusion, no Federal ers of. war and their families. money could be given to the construc­ How long? tion of a home or hospital that displays HON. JACK F. KEMP religious obJects. The tax credit legis­ OF NEW YORK lation does not establish a religion, but IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES merely makes it possible for any citizen TAX CREDITS FOR NON-PUBLIC­ to freely exercise his free choice of T,hursday, February 1, 1973 SCHOOL STUDENTS belief. Mr. KEMP. Mr. Speaker, the president The other criteria spelled out in the of the Buffalo Area Chamber of Com­ HON. WILLIAM KEATING Lemon decision last fall is entanglement. merce and my good friend, Mr. Richard J. The Pennsylvania statute that the court F. Torrey, pointed out on January 11, OF OHIO ruled unconstitutional provided for pay­ this year, in a speech before the 38th IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment directly to the schools required the annual interclub luncheon in Buffalo Thursday, February 1, 1973 schools to maintain· detailed accounting that the people in our community are Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, today, I procedures that separated the cost of sec­ experiencing a renaissance of attitude am introducing legislation to provide tax ular and religious expenses. The Rhode and accomplishment. relief for the families of non-public­ Island statute that the court ruled While citing a long list of impressive school students. against provided for payments directly achievements in the Buffalo area during This past week in Cincinnati, Ohio, to the teachers and directed the State the past year and plans for the future, one of the major nonpublic schools, St. commissioner of education to require Mr. Torrey most kindly referred to "def­ Xavier, announced that it was forced eligible schools to submit financial data inite strides" which will be made this into again raising its tuition from $600 which shows how much was for religious year in the planning and design of the to $850. This represents a doubling of the activity. Rhode Island further forbids rapid rail transit system from downtown school's fees in the past 3 years. In 1970, teachers being paid under the act to Buffalo to the new University of Buffalo it stood at $400. teach religious courses. campus in Amherst. The school's president, the Reverend The tax credit does riot have these en­ A part of that planned system, he said, Mark Schuler, S.J., cited the same prob­ tanglements. The credit is given directly has already been funded by the Federal lems that are plaguing all our schools. to the parent, and the only requirement and State governments. In a newspaper article he told of the for the school is that they maintain rec­ In response to this recognition, I wish school's enlarged faculty, additional ords as always for taxation purposes and to praise, before my colleagues, the long courses, past salary raises and increased that they meet the antidiscrimination and patient, bipartisan, cooperative ef­ maintenance costs. laws of the land. forts of local, county, State, and Fed­ With these same problems affecting The President's Commission on School eral officials which produced the first all education, today we find ourselves at Finance, pointing to the fact that one in increment of Federal funding for our a crossroads. Are we going to ignore non­ 10 school age youngsters attend non­ transit system. public schools and let them disappear, or public schools, recommended the enact­ More specifically, I want to thank Gov. are we going to give them the support ment of constitutionally allowable aid to Nelson A. Rockefeller; Buffalo Mayor they need and deserve? nonpublic schools. Frank Sedita; Erie County, N.Y., County The Supreme Court will soon be con­ If one looks at the policies of the na­ Executive Edward Regan; Niagara sidering tax credit proposals that have . tions in the free world, the overwhelming Frontier Tr,ansportation Authority Pres­ been approved by State legislatures. study of secular subjects in schools ident William Miller; Lou Harriman, Qourts iri New -:York and Minnesota have where children can also study religion chairman of the Area Transportation upheld tax credit programs while the and moral values. Committee; Gordon Thompson, NFTA's Ohio plan has been ruled unconstitu­ Today in England, a substantial pro­ urban transportation planner; Buffalo tional. The issue will now be resolved by Portion of the schools remain private Deputy Mayor Stan Makowski, and Buf­ the highest court. and are able to continue because of leg­ falo City Planner Dick Danforth who Let me for a moment tum to the legal islation which enables them to receive worked with Congressmen THADDEUS question that is involved with this issue. public financial suppQrt. In France under DULSKI and HENRY SMITH, the outgoing There are those who desire an early General De Gaulle the General Assembly Urban Mass Transportation Adminis­ demise to the non-public..:school system passed legislation to give financial as­ trator Carlos Villarreal and me to launch and feel that any assistance is a major sistance to private schools. In Germany the planned transit link. threat to the public school system and today, nearly 55 percent of West Ger­ Mr. Speaker, it is also appropriate to unconstitutional. This view greatly lim­ man students attend denominational note that yesterday, January 31, Mr. its the role that nonpublic education schools. These and other countries in Frank Herringer was confirmed as the should play in our society. As· a lawyer, the free world permit tax dollars to go new Administrator of UMTA. former judge, member of the House to nonpublic schools. I am confident he will continue to Judiciary Committee, but most im­ If no action is taken in the United promote the principles of a balanced portant a parent, I do not share this States, there will be a monoPolY in the transportation system as his predeces­ opinion. educational field. Whenever there is A. sor, Mr. Villarreal did, and to produce the The court decisions in the field have monopoly there is usually a lack of crea­ necessary results in this vital aspect of laid two basic tests for aid to be consti­ tivity, a lack of innovation, and a lack national growth. tutional: One, that the · aid is secular of excellence. We cannot allow this to At this point, I include Mr. Torrey's in both purpose and effect; and two, a happen in an area of education that is remarks, and the very impressive back­ criteria that was made clear in the de­ so important to the future of our Nation. ground of the new UMTA Administra­ cisions of last fall, excessive entangle­ Tax credit bills that have been intro­ tor, Mr. Herringer: ment. duced in the Congress will not challenge MR. TORREY'S REMARKS The tax credit would be secular in that or destroy the significance of public edu­ Twelve months ago, my predecessor, John it would go directly to the parent, and cation. The economic benefit will im­ Nasca, said to you from this platform ... "of be for the education of his child. The prove both the public and nonpublic all our assets, we think the most outstanding fact of the matter·is that there is no such sectors. As we search for new methods of one is our people." ... and with those words school financing, ·this type of legislation he unveiled before you an advertising pro­ thing as Jewish algebra, or Lutheran gram with the theme "You are Buffalo." chemistry, or Catholic. economics. The is necessary and appropriate. It is my No more appropriate audience could have basic skills that our children receive in hope that this committee will make the been assembled to witness the introduction school have nothing to do with sectarian enactment of this legislation a high of that pz:ogram. beliefs. priority. For surely, you are Buffalo. You came here 3102 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973

today f:rom the Boston Hills, from Clarence ally eroding the substantial unemployment tivc N ew York Times last Sunday recognized and Amherst, from the industry of Lacka­ rate, with every promise of continuing the the championship caliber of the Sabres and wanna, from West Seneca, Nottingham Road, climb during 1973. Granted, it would take a noted they are already the hockey champions Central Park, the Fruit Belt, the West Side miracle to make up ground not gained dur­ of the Empire State, winning the first seven or Cheektowaga. ing the past· decade, but the pattern is en­ straight of the scheduled 12 games against Buffalo-as our friends of the Courier Ex­ couraging. the Rangers and Islanders. This would seem press recently noted-is not a city confined By the end of this past year, that guy with to indicate the Times has an insight far to 100-year old boundaries. Buffalo is a way the lunch pail in the shop, led-perhaps by superior to that of the sports director who of life-and you are a big part of it. our large auto plants, had pushed his aver­ selected the hockey games for showing on And that leads me to the message which I age work week back up to 41.8 hours, slightly the NBC Television Network. The NHL tells hope to leave with you today, and it deals less than in 1968, the best in recent years. us they've offered a couple of dates to the with Buffalo as a way of life. And it's expected to go higher this year. Sabres for national television exposure. Re­ The message is Renaissance-and that fits And that same guy with the lunch pail grettably, schedule conditions make these the Buffalo way of life today. The dictionary helped to propel the United Fund to its best dates unfavorabie and we would ask NHL and describes renaissance as a renewal of life, year in history under the leadership of Bill NBC to try harder. vigor, interest. It is rebirth, revival. Hassett. As for our ot her major league entries, we Buffalo today is caught up in a renaissance Remember that renewal of life, of vigor and take heart in t he counsel in Matthew 19: of attitude and accomplishment, of activity of interest which I noted earlier ... that "and the last shall be first." and ambition. rebirth, revival. This past year witnessed the final resolu­ Buffalo has b,eeded the words of John Many building blocks began to shape t hat tion of the horrendous great debate over a Nasca who last year from this vantage point renaissance, particularly as the year wore on. football stadium and the beginning of con­ challenged this community to change-and With Ned Regan and others in local and struction in Orchard Park which will be a changes have been made. state government spearheading the effort, tax source of great pride. At the request of the Startling they are not. Gradual they are­ relief was granted to Bethlehem Steel and county, your Chamber brought forth pros­ and they-these changes-are transforming · promptly resulted in a commitment to a $50 pects to pay for the privilege of affixing theit Buffalo into a major league metropolis in million bar mill on the shores of not-so-dead names to the $20 million project. County every way. Lake Erie. officials ultimately determined that Bob Rich Mind you, this Queen City of the Lakes Financial transfusions through $9 milllon and his Rich Products Company could blend will never be Utopia, or Shangri-La or Cam­ in industrial revenue bonds contributed to good business with good taste in an agree­ elot. No city ever is. And we recognize that the continuance or expansion of at least six ment which benefits everyone involved. just as our ambitions and our accomplish­ manufacturing plants. That construction progress on the new ments are assuming major league propor­ Our local economists point to the 10 per stadium was one of the focal points of in­ tions, likewise so are the problems that be­ cent increase in plant capacity during the terest when your Chamber initiated a pro­ gram of hosting out-of-town sportswriters set us. past year, and note such bullish signs as the But we as Buffaloians will never stop try­ anticipated $30 million in bonds which the preceding each Buffalo Bill's home game. Erie County Industrial Development Agency This hospitality, we believe, was extremely ing to turn our weaknesses into strengths. effective in overcoming some of the miscon­ In many ways, the past year has tested is expected to issue by summer for new and expanded industrial facilities. ceptions which have appeared about our your determination. It wasn't easy to radiate community in the out-of-town press. optimism and good will if you were laid of! In another area, the fine health-care fa­ cilities in Buffalo are getting better in leaps Still another sports event which drew con­ in the steel industry, or thrown out of work tinental attention to our area was the splen­ when plants closed such as the G. E. Semi­ and bounds. During the past year we under­ took to build an amazing $150 million in new didly executed 1972 Canadian Open at Cherry conductor, Continental Can, Wood and Hill, the first major golf tournament here Brooks, Sylvania or Curtis Wright. It mat­ health facilities led by the $85 million com­ plex on the Meyer Hospital grounds and in almost a quarter of a century. tered not that it wasn't Buffalo to blame This has been but a capsule of 1972's ac­ but an illness in the national economy, including Roswell Park and Millard Fillm01·e in the city and Kenmore_Mercy and Millard's complishments which have triggered this changes in federal spending policies, foreign renaissance. What, might you ask, is needed competition, changing technology or chang­ Amherst hospital in the suburbs. Great strides along our potentially-im­ to continue this pattern of progress? ing markets. Remember-we are not launching a ren­ It was a combination of conditions such as pressive waterfront area were provided by the construction of hundreds of new residential aissance-we are propelling it onward-and these which led another Chamber of Com­ there is a role for each segment of our com­ merce president to comment: "Recession? units in the Maryner and Shoreline develop­ ments and by Holiday Inn's commitment to munity. We didn't experience any recession here last Many of the key items on our shopping year, but I will admit we had the worst boom build an $11 million motel complex. The out­ lines of the marina development began to list for 1973 depend on teamwork, close co­ in many, 1..1any years." take shape. operation between government and citizens­ We had a bad boom in Buffalo in early '72. governments on every level and citizens from The simple and painful fact to the guy with A proverbial shot-in-the-arm was provided just up the street from here when WGR-TV all walks of life. the lunch pail was that we had to live in constructed on Delaware Avenue a beautiful Let's look down the road into 1973. What Buffalo with an average 8 percent unem­ new communications facility. do we see? What do we expect? What do we ployment for the year. Of course averages are And in the other direction-down Main need in this renaissance era? dangerous as the statistician found out who Street-the first tenants took up residence in First, we look across the street into City drowned while fording a stream with an the still unfinished magnificence of Marine Hall, soon to be restored to the glistening average depth of three feet. Nevertheless we Midland's 40-story banking house. From figure of its old self when workmen finish have to deal with averages even though they, there, they could peer out at the attractively exterior cleaning next summer. don't emphasize that the unemployment rate refurbished face of Ellicott Square. ·But to our city leaders we look for early headed downward at the end of the year. Already, native Buffalonians who have been action on the vital Exhibition Center, a More about that later. gone from these environs for no more than project with exciting potential benefiting our But elsewhere in our local picture, we . eight or ten years find it necessary to ask entire community. Unquestionably, addi­ scored glorious failures in a significant por­ directions around a continuously reshaping tional downtown development will follow this tion of our civic decision-making. Witness downtown business district. construction, encouraging renewal of signifi­ the months of continuing rancor over a Like manufacturing, like health care, and cant portions of upper Main Street. Council stadium, the delays in the Exhibition Center like communications and banking and hous­ President Chester Gorski could foresee this and regional airport, costly labor-manage­ ing, there is another industry w_hich is show­ in bis annual message to the Council ment and jurisdictional work stoppages, a ing a new dynamics and a new vibrancy in Tuesday. notable standstill on arterial construction, our community-another building block in By vote of its directors, the Chamber of leaving a large swath of fallow land through our renaissance-sports, a multimillion dol­ Commerce has thrown the support of its the heart of our city. With this on our minds, lar industry in Buffalo. nearly 6000 members behind this landmark we taxpayers could hardly be buoyed up by The only city in Upstate New York to sport project, and I have today dispatched a call learning toward the end of the year that a major league entry of any kind, Buffalo is for support by individual letter to each or­ perhaps our neighbor was earning a healthy one of the handful on the continent to be ganization represented here at this civic stipend by not showing up for his municipal represented in three major leagues. luncheon. I ask each of you to join with the work assignment. The resurging Bills, the eternally hopeful Greater Buffalo Development Foundation, But through all this, to your credit, you­ Braves and the incredible Sabres are carrying the Downtown Development Corporation, the leaders and the dedicated-took heart the name Buffalo throughout the continent Mayor Sedita and others who have spear­ headed this great effort for Buffalo. We have in the words of a Roman scholar: "Pros­ showing promise of ever-growing success, faith that the city comptroller will provide perity tries the fortunate, adversity the success enhanced by the confident deter­ the promised site appraisals as sc]leduled great." mination of Mayor Sedita and the Common next week and will aid in expediting the nec­ And that great ness began to emerge again Council in expanding Memorial Auditorium, essary action. in '72. Already employment had turned the success punctuated by the comforting jingle We are not unaware that two additional corner in July. With fits and starts it clawed of the cash register. hotel chains besides the Holiday Inn are its way up to a yearly high in the fall, gradu- It is interesting to note that the conserva- standing in the wings. Further, we expect February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3103 shortly an announcement on the federal program high-lighted by .our friends at the highest academic average in his class and funding of a major Tourism Plan which, to­ News. with "highest distinction." gether with an Exhibition Center, will draw And to many of us, downtown will be even Mr. Herringer began his career in 1965 as new income to our community. more beautiful and vibrant with the com­ · an associate wtih Cresap, McCormick and To City Hall, we look also for renewed ef­ pletion in 1973 of the great Marine Midland Paget, Inc., the well-known international forts to create a climate of credibility and Center, of the modern Buffalo Evening News management consulting firm of New York. confidence. We recommend Mayor Sedita for building, of the distinctive City Court Build­ Some examples of his work for clients in­ initiating the investigation of the goldbrick­ ing and of the marina on the waterfront. clude: ing problem. We are counting on him in 1973 With all this activity, perhaps you wonder Coordination of an 18 month study of one to keep the pressure on this problem until if anyone is really noticing Buffalo's renais­ of the largest urban public utility compa­ every conscientious city employee can hold sance. What better manifestation of interest nies in the world, involving the efforts of a his head high. No taxpayer (which is virtually than has been shown by the major banks of 25 man consulting team that analyzed the every one who lives, shops or works in the the nation. First the Bank of New York, and organization, management information sys­ city) relishes the thought that he is con­ now First National City, Chase Manhattan tem, procurement functions, and other tributing to the support of a goldbricker. and the Chemical, with maybe another one aspects of the company. We like the new ideas in county govern­ or two on the sidelines. Perhaps these finan­ Direction of a study of all aspects of the ment, such -as the central police services and cial giants know something about us that we management of Dartmouth College. the centralized data center, and we look for haven't really recognized. Management of studies of organization, continued improvement in the county budget Within days, additional national attention management controls and strategy for a process such as emerged this past year. One will focus on Buffalo, on this very room. variety of firms, including: a large industrial of the county's great responsibilities is the Sports figures from throughout the nation corporation in upstate New York; a steel com­ successful completion of the 80,000-seat Rich will gather here before 1100 of you, your pany in Australia; a recreational products Stadium this summer, and what a triumph friends and neighbors at the first Buffalo company in New York; a New York financial that will be. Chamber sponsored Dunlop Pro-Am Awards services company; and many others. The state, too, has its major role in our Dinner. Our own Buffalo-based Dunlop Tire From November, 1971, until his new ap­ renaissance. We are pushing for -an up­ and Rubber Company will present a. $10,000 pointment as UMTA administrator, he served tempo construction timetable for the Am­ Steuben crystal creation of magnificent on the White House staff as a deputy to Fred herst campus of the State University at Buf­ beauty to the winner as selected in a na­ Malek, the President's top advisor on per­ falo. A hundred million dollars was spent on tional poll of sportswriters and sportscasters sonnel matters. He has had the responsibility UB construction last year, another 100 million now being conducted by Price-Waterhouse. for assisting in the selection of Presidential is scheduled this year and another 450 mil­ Within 2Y2 weeks ago to go, almost 800 tickets appointees and has represented the Presi­ lion is earmarked. Upon completion, the Uni­ have been sold and a sellout is virtually dent's interests in lower level personnel-re­ versity will be the second largest employer assured. lated decisions in one-half the departments in Western New York with 15,000 employees And now my friends, I know and you know and agencies of the Federal Government, in­ and 45,000 students. It will generate economic that what I have been telling you today is volving over 1,500 full-time, non-career posi­ contributions of at least 200 million an­ nothing new; it really couldn't be because tions. The evaluation and clearance of pro­ nually. ,of additional significance is the fact the year-end editions have covered most of posed appointees, training, recognition and that 60 per cent of UB graduates remain to it in detail. I believe it is useful to pause on patronage, and special, in-depth analysis of live in metropolitan Buffalo. an occasion such as this to appreciate and particular problem situations have all been And in Albany, we call on the support of understand what is happening to us, to come part of his responsibilities. our Western New York Legislators for legis­ up with an interpretation-and that inter­ Mr. Herringer is a resident of Fairfax, Va., lation to encourage expansion of industry by pretation can only be described as a and married to the former Nancy Lynn Blair. increasing the investment tax credit for new renaissance. capital investment in plant and equipment We as Buffalonians have a unique herit­ from one to five per cent. Likewise important age. Because we come from so many varied wm be support for moves to eliminate em­ backgrounds, there is a tendency to think of ployer financed unemployment insurance for TRIBUTE TO PRESIDENT LYNDON B. us as somewhat splintered. Not true. In fact, JOHNSON strikers, while at the same time granting we benefit from the conglomerate advantage immediate unemployment relief without inherent in our colorful ethnic quilt. Our present six-week delay to innocent workers people care about one another and most of laid off as a result of strikes in other loca­ us care deeply about our community. We are HON. GLENN M. ANDERSON tions. defensive about it, and perhaps too easily OF CALIFORNIA I have by letter to Governor Rockefeller offended by its detractors. We work hard, and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES today also called on his good offices to intro­ we work together without a lot of fanfare, duce and aggressively support this legisla­ just as you from so many civic and business Thursday, February 1, 1973 tion so important in our effort to retain jobs organizations contribute to the community and create new jobs in New York State. in projects which often few outside your or­ Mr. ANDERSON of California. Mr. Transportation is due for ever-increasing ganization ever hear about. Speaker, the Nation has lost a great and emplasis in 1973 ... the vital rapid transit Whether Polish, Irish, German, Italian or patriotic citizen, one whose passing has system, the regional airport and the lagging otherwise, black, white or red, our heritages deeply saddened the Nation. highway system. have given us a mixture of toughness, humor The American people loved, respected, Definite strides will be made this year in and thriftiness which forges a well-rounded and admired the 36th President of the the planning and design for the rail system community, a community which produced to connect the new UB campus with down­ United States-Lyndon Baines Johnson. two United States Presidents. They knew he was their friend, they town. A portion, thanks in part to efforts of Together we shall strive for an ever great­ Congressman Kemp, has already been funded er Buffalo, together we shall propel the had confidence in him and they knew he by the federal and state governments. Rapid renaissance of Buffalo in a new surge to was, without question, a man of the peo­ Transit ls another of the keys to downtown's greater heights. ple and for the people. continued revitalization and another project The symbol of the grazing Buffalo in stat­ Lyndon Johnson has returned to the which the Chamber supports. ue-like repose is no longer appropriate; our Texas hills, the place where he spent Extensive refurbishing has increased the new Buffalo is charging in the spirit of our most of his life, and the land he loved lifespan of Greater Buffalo International Air­ Renaissance. port, but a location must be finalized in the most. However, he will not be forgot­ My friend, danke schoen, dzienkuje, grazie, ten by the Nation and the world, who 1973 for a new regional airport so that it may gracias. And to all of you I say "thank you" be ready a, decade hence when the present 1n the language which is our common bond, loved and respected him, not only as a airpor,t becomes inadequate. Just as our faith in the future of Buffalo leader, but as a man. We have been distressed by the halt in is also our common bond. As a Congressman, Senator, Vice Presi­ the urban arterial construction but we are dent, and President of the United States, heartened now by reassurances from the FRANK C. HERRINGER Mr. Johnson's accomplishments and state and city that they will once again press forward together on projects such as the Mr. Frank C. Herringer was born Nov. 12, achievements are numerous. Elm-Oak and the widening of the Kensing­ 1942, in New York City, attended public He put his principles into action with ton Expressway, although construction may schools in Seaford Long Island, N.Y. He re­ the greatest amount of energy and en­ be 3-5 years hence. ceived his A.B. degree, magna cum laude in thusiasm. As chairman of the Senate 1964 at Dartmouth College where he majored Space Committee, he initiated the great Now, aesthetically speaking, a year-round in mathematics and economics and was Chamber-sponsored program to beautify Buf­ elected to Phi Beta Kappa. strides made in the national space falo will reach a crescendo this spring. There In 1965, he received his M.B.A. degree program. are many intriguing facets to this program, from the Amos Tuck School of Business Ad­ Lyndon Johnson's accomplishments in not the least of which is the replacing of our ministration at Dartmouth, majoring in fi­ the areas of civil rights, medicare, pov­ blighted trees throughout the community, a nance and marketing, graduating with the erty, and housing are unmatchable. They 3104 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 were truly a victory for him and a victory however, he did remain active in Ohio Every fall they rose from these prairie wet­ for the Nation as a whole. Republican affairs. He was the Director lands, a family here, a :flock there, until they I am extremely proud to join my col­ of Commerce of the State of Ohio in covered the sky with a great rush of wings and were gone. leagues in paying homage to Lyndon B. 1957, chairman of his county Republican It doesn't happen much in our country Johnson. I feel honored to have known organization and a member of the Ohio anymore, except in North Dakota. We've dried him-a man with the deepest compassion Republican State Central and Executive up their breeding grounds, and the remain­ for all mankind and a true American. Committee in 1958-61. During this pe­ ing birds must fly up to Canada to nest. The He will be remembered in the hearts riod he resumed his newspaper publish­ Starkweather region of North Dakota, with of all who knew him and of those who ing business, owning two small dailies over 50,000 acres of prairie pothole wetlands, had the great privilege of his friendship. and a weekly. is the best breeding area we have left in the United States. And now we're going to dry The United States has lost a fine citi­ In 1962, Ollie, resumed his political it up. zen and public servant. career and returned to Capitol Hill as If someone told you that a "good reason" We shall all miss him. Mrs. Anderson the 11th District representative. to drain these wetlands was so farmers could joints me in expressing our deepest sym­ An eloquent and talented legislator. produce more crops, you'd say, "Well, I guess pathy to Mrs. Johnson and their two Oliver Bolton will be missed by all who we need the crops." daughters, Lynda, and Luci. knew him and by all he served. At this There are just ninety-one farm units to time of eulogy for Mr. Bolton, I wish be benefited by the Starkweather project. to extend my deepest sympathy to his They all produce surplus grain crops, mainly family. wheat. The drainage project will help them TRIBUTE TO OLIVER P. BOLTON grow more. In case you had forgotten about surpluses, these are the crops Congress has directed the U.S. Department of Agriculture WETLANDS CONSERVATION to buy and store to support farm prices. So HON. CLARENCE E. MILLER you, and your government, own hundreds OF OHIO of millions of bushels of corn and wheat. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. HENRY S. REUSS But, hold your hat--these are the same crops we also pay farmers not to grow, at a Wednesday, January 31, 1973 OF WISCONSIN cost of additional millions of dollars. In 1971 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. MILLER of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, it we paid farmers more than $2.75 billion to Thursday, February 1, 1973 idle 37 million acres of surplus cropland; in 1s with a great deal of sorrow that I join 1972, more than 62 million acres were idled. in this tribute to a former distinguished Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the Federal Despite the number of "set aside" acres, the Member of the U.S. House of Represent­ Government drains wetlands so farmers government still has had to buy hundreds of atives from Ohio, the late Oliver Payne can grow more crops, while at the same millions of bushels of surplus grain. (Even Bolton. Ollie, a member of one of this time it pays farmers to let fertile crop­ though the U.S. is selling large quantities of Nation's most renowned families, passed grain to the U.S.S.R. and China, Federal sub­ land lie idle. Compounding this waste sidies will still be needed for surpluses.) away this past December 13. of budget dollars is the destruction of Projects like Starkweather aggravate this Oliver Bolton served three terms in irreplaceable wildlife habitat which ac­ problem. The government pays people not to the House, representing the 11th Dis­ companies wetlands drainage. The fol­ grow grain, it buys surpluses from what they trict of Ohio. lowing article by Oliver Austin Houck, do grow, and then turns around and finances His interest in politics and public serv­ which appears in the February-March projects to grow more. Using your money, of ice can be readily traced to his famous 1973 issue of National Wildlife magazine, course. parents-Chester C. and Frances P. Bol­ is a particularly well-written descrip­ If someone told you that another purpose ton. The late Chester Bolton was serv­ of the Starkweather project was "flood con­ tion of this problem: trol," you'd say, 'Well, we've certainly got ing his fifth term in Congress when he UNCLE SAM: SPLIT PERSONALITY to stop those floods." died in 1939. It was after he died, that (By Oliver Austin Houck) When you walk in water you are likely to the Honorable Frances Bolton-a grand­ When I first heard about the Starkweather get your feet wet. And when you plant crops daughter of former U.S. Senator Harry project in North Dakota it didn't make sense. where water gathers every spring, you are B. Payne-was elected to complete his Uncle Sam preparing an ambush-for him­ just as likely to get your seeds wet. It hap­ term. Frances Bolton represented Ohio's self? I decided to go out and have a look. pens every spring; the snows melt and the 22d District for 14 consecutive terms un­ On a windy summer morning I went up April rains collect in the depressions, form­ til 1968. When Ollie earned his first term in a. small plane over the big farms of the ing the great prairie wetlands. By fall most Starkweather watershed, large rectangles of of the ponds a.re dry. But you plant crops in in 1952, it marked the first occasion in the spring, and you can plant more orops in the history of the Congress that a mother golden grain dotted with green bordered prairie ponds-potholes they call them. Fly­ the spring in Starkweather if you drain all of and son served concurrently in the ing low I could see clusters of ducks on the those potholes and move the water out. House. water and white egrets in the reeds. We flew It's called "flood control." Oliver Bolton, like his parents, took north and suddenly the potholes were gone. What it really does is help make floods. The a great deal of pride in working for You could tell where they used to be by the water used to settle on the land and perco­ America. He was an untiring legislator drainage ditches, networks of gray canals late slowly through the surface. Now it is running south. rushed out in large ditches. Where? -Some­ and his service on the House Post Office where downstream, and someone at the other and Civil Service Committee and the "See down there" yelled my pilot over the roar of the engine. "That used to be a regu­ end of the ditch gets a lot more water now, House Administration Committee was lar lake. A few years ago you 'Couldn't fly every spring. But then that's his problem. marked by a sense of obligation not only very low because of the birds. They'd come So he is almost compelled to get his own to the people of his district but to all up off it by the hundreds." "flood control" project. Bigger ditches, to taxpayers who deserve to see their tax It was a grain field now with a big ditch move the water on down. This leads, of dollars spent wisely. In addition, his straight out of the center. I didn't know course, to more "flood" water further on loyalty to this Nation was displayed by how my pilot felt about it so I shouted that down, and naturally more ditches. And, it must be easier flying now without all eventually ditches won't do the job. It takes the legislation he sponsored. One such dams . . . more crops and houses in the bill, for example, added the words "un­ those birds. He gave me a. funny look. "I miss those birds," he said. flood plains ... more "flood control" proj­ der God" to our pledge of allegiance. If someone told you that Uncle Sam was ects . . . pork barrel handouts by Congress Before coming to Washington, Ollie going to spend nearly four million dollars and make-work for the Corps of Engi­ served in a number of posts in the to drain one of the last large waterfowl neers . . . all the way down the muddy Mis­ Young Republicans, rising from presi­ breeding grounds in the United States, you'd souri and the mighty Mississippi to New dent of his local club to the presidency of say "Well, it must be for a good reason." Orleans, now seven feet below river level. the Ohio League of YR's in 1948, and the It's called "prairie pothole" country, and It all starts way up north, with Stark­ vice-presidency of the Midwest council it's the last we have. There used to be mil­ weather and those lovely, rich, doomed prai­ lions of potholes, little half-a.ere, one-acre, rie potholes waiting to be drained. and finally as National YR Committee­ five-acre freshwater ponds, scattered all over "You know," said Bob Scheer, president of man from Ohio. Winning the Republican the Dakotas, west to Montana, east to Min­ the North Dakota Wildlife Federation, our nomination for the newly created 11th nesota and Wisconsin and down into Ne­ affiliate, "Congress really passed this small District over four candidates in the 1952 braska and Iowa. Great waterfowl migra­ watershed law to stop floods where they primary election, he was elected to the tions bred and formed there pond by pond. begin, to hold the water in the land. But 83d Congress and reelected to the 84th. Tens . . . hundreds ... thousands . . . and instead we seem to be using the law to get He did not run for reelection in 1956, then millions of ducks, geese, grebe, and rail. the water off faster. J?ebruary 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3105

"I have a friend who farms on the edge of restless movements of waterfowl rising and If economic philosophy were not enough Starkweather," he continued. "One day I wheeling in the morning light, you can go to to prevent this, accept the reality that most went over to visit and he'd just put in a new Canada for the few that remain and you of the powerful men in both houses of Con­ ditch. I said, 'Owen why did you do that?' can say, "We used ~o see th~~ in our country gress have vested financial interests in a lot and he said he had to because everybody else too, once upon a time.... of those tax shelters. was doing it, and he'd end up with their What chance is there, then, for something water. And besides the government was pay­ closer to justice for the average working Joe ing for it. in this country? Not much, because our tax "I said, 'Owen, suppose there was a pro­ THE SOCIAL SECURITY LEVY laws have long been proof that the smart gram to hold the water on the land and no­ operators can fool enough of the people body built ditches to give it to you, and you enough of the time to have things go their didn't build ditches to give it to somebody HON. DONALD M. FRASER way indefinitely. If Working Joe had enough savvy and else?' OF MINNESOTA "Owen thought about that for a moment enough zip, he'd be raising hell right now and then he shook his head. 'I never heard IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES about the fact that his Social Security de­ of a program like that,' he said." Thursday, February 1, 1973 ductions are 35 percent higher than last year. If someone told you that Congress au­ But he's so enthralled with President Nixon's thorized the Starkweather project after care­ Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, when Pres­ pledge of "no tax increase" that he can't fully considering its impact, you'd say, "Well, ident Nixon said: feel that long arm from Washington reach­ I guess they took all these things into It is time to get big government off your ing deeper into his hip pocket. account." back and out of your pocket. They taxed only the first $9,000 of Working Unfortunately, Congress doesn't review Joe's pay, at a rate of 5.2 percent, last year. "small watershed" projects. Because they are Was he talking about $10 billion social This year they'll tax $10,800 at 5.8 percent­ so "small," Congress has delegated their au­ security payroll levy that went into effect and next year the tax will apply to the first thorization to a committee. In the case of· on January 1? $12,000 of Joe's earnings. Starkweather, it was a subcommittee. On According to a recent study by John A. I have written before that this is a regres­ July 14, 1970, with Just .three subcommittee Brittain, the Brookings Institution, the sive tax where the guy earning 120,000 bucks members of one house of Congress present, social security tax now accounts for 23 a year will pay the same $632 this year that the Department of Agriculture presented the struggling earner of $12,000 will pay. Starkweather along with one North Dakota percent of all Federal revenue, more than What is worse-and .little realized by the Congressman and Gordon Berg, the chief half the amount collected from the indi­ average American-is that in millions of local sponsor. No notice of the hearings was vidual income tax and far more than is poor and moderate income families the wife given, no opposing testimony was invited. collected from the corporat~ income tax. works; both pay the full Social Security tax, The Congressman said it was a good project This tax burden now falls most heavily but the ultimate benefits on retirement will and Gordon Berg, who one year later was on the lower and middle income people be the same as if only one spouse had convicted of draining wetlands illegally and who are struggling to make ends meet. worked. placed on Federal probation, said he thought A study by Pechman and Okner entitled Let me put it another way. Joe Smith it was a good project too. earns $15,000 a year. Nice, but not enough That's the way it went with Starkweather, "Individual Tax Erosion by Income with two kids in college. So his wife works, and that's the way it goes with most "small Classes," demonstrates that the poor pay earning $11,000 per year. They will pay a watershed" projects. Except not all the spon­ proportionately more in taxes than whopping $1,264 in Social Security taxes this sors are on Federal probation. wealthy people do when all taxes are con­ year. , The "small watershed" aspect is even more sidered. Sam Fullbull earns $100,000 a year (plus interesting. Congress did not mean to aban­ Carl T. Rowan's column that ap­ $30,000 worth of nontaxable fringe benefits) don i'ts authority over large water programs. peared in the Sunday Star and Daily and wouldn't think of allowing his Wife to It put a 250,000 acre ceiling on the "small News on January 21, 1973, pursues the work. His family pays $632 in Social Security watershed" projects which the Soil Conser­ taxes. vation Service could undertake virtually on same theme. I am submitting this column On retirement, the Fullbulls Will get the its own . . for the RECORD because it states the prob­ same Social Security benefits as the Smiths. The hitch in Starkweather is that the nat­ lem forcefully. Now, since I know the Congress is not go­ ural Starkweather drainage area is about The article follows: ing to wipe out all of the loopholes that are 518,000 acres. But you can't put an acre limit LET'S GIVE TAX CREDIT FOR SOCIAL SECURITY as beneficial to the Fullbulls, but are mostly on ambition. So the solution was to cut up LEVY out of reach of the Smiths, I propose this the area into two smaller projects which on (By Carl Rowan) simple change in the law to provide at least paper would slip under the Congressional a pretense at justice. Rep. Wilbur Mills, D-Ark., the king of the limit. Where husband and wife both work, as in So there are now two separate proposals: congressional road when it comes to tax the case of the Smiths, with a combined laws, has pledged that the 93rd Congress is sta.rkweather, 246,477 acres, and Edmore, going to review every single one of those ex­ income of less than $42,500 a year (that's a 246,118 acres. They are in the same drainage clusions, exemptions and preferences other­ congressman's salary) let's allow a full in­ basin, linked by a single chann·e1 and drain­ wise known as "tax shelters" and "tax loop­ come tax credit for the Social Security pay­ ing into the same big exit ditch. holes." ment of the second spouse. You may have noted that these two proj­ Bravo! But don't expect too much. They'll It wouldn't hurt the Social Security pro­ ects add up to 492,595 acres, and there are plug the holes in SWiss cheese with moon­ gram where the reserve already is $50 billion about 518,000 acres overall. Since the addi­ dust before they seal off all those legal open­ ~nd moving toward $74 billion by 1977. The tional acres could not be tacked on to either ings that allow some Americans to escape shameful truth is that this regressive tax is project Without pushing it over the limit, the grasping fingers of Uncle Sam's reve­ now being used to finance non-Social Secu­ there is a 26,000 acre "dead area." right in nooers. rity programs that ought to be financed the middle, undeclared in either project. First, they'll threaten to deny deductions through the fairer income tax. Administrative genius! for the interest on home mortgage payments, When someone tells you that Starkweather and maybe even for real estate taxes. This isn't really that big, and anyway it's the kind will create such an uproar from millions of of project that's been popular for years in moderate-income home owners that some­ PENNSYLVANIA RADIO STATIONS most Congressional districts, you. finally rebel one Will quickly say, "That's one 'loophole' EMERGENCY PUBLIC SERVICE and say, "It just doesn!t make sense-from we'll keep." any angle." That will make it seem fair, then, to keep Starkweather is a natural basin. The water those fast-depreciation regulations that have stays where it falls, or collects in natural made real estate one of the juiciest of the HON. RICHARD S. SCHWEIKER kettles and ponds, shallow, freshwater wild­ get-rich-by-minimizing-income-taxes opera­ OF PENNSYLVANIA life incubators, the stuff of prairie life. Now tions. we plan to pull the plug, rush the water out. The truth is that when Mills and Co. con­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES And call it flood control. clude their · survey, this Congress will still Thursday, February 1, 1973 These wetlands will be dried up, and plowed embrace the notion that $10,000 made by in­ in the fall to get a jump on spring. The win­ vesting money ought to be taxed at a lower Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. President. ter winds will whip up the exposed soil and rate than $10,000 'made by the sweat of some a number of Pennsylvania radio stations dry snow into brownstorms. And we call this man's brow. provided valuable public services during soil conservation. This society is steeped in the notion that and after the tragic flooding caused by ·These lands will grow more surplus for what makes the economy run is people with Hurricane Agnes last Jnne. One of the government granaries, and we will pay more money risking it in oil exploration, housing money to set aside more acres. And we call it developments, ore extraction, cattle breeding stations to keep its listeners PoSted on a farm program. and myriad new business enterprises, and a 24-hour basis was WHEX in Colum­ And when you want to see those great not the brawn or even the brains of laborers. bia. OXIX--197-Part S 3106 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 WHEX, under the direction of Gen­ of importance in the maintenance of our namely, the Pennsylvania. Monuments and eral Manager Edwin Moshier, kept its cemeteries. the Missouri Monuments. From Paris we We flew to London on the 19th of Novem­ visited the Suresnes Cemetery, five miles west listeners up to date with flood bulletins, ber and were met by Major George H. Mc­ of the city, where both World War I and information from State and local rescue Manus, Director of Maintenance, Operations World War II servicemen are interred. We officials, and personal messages from and Management, American Battle Monu­ also inspected the Lafayette Escadrille Monu­ friends and family by the disaster. ments Commission. We visited the cemetery ment and visited for a short time the Euro­ It is impossible to say how many lives, at Cambridge, and even though it was a cold, pean Office of' the American Battle Monu­ and how much personal property were damp, dreary day as only England can be, ments Commission at Garches. saved by community-minded radio sta­ the bright spot in the trip from London to From Paris we went to Caen and visited tions in flood areas, but I do know that Cambridge was a visit to the cemetery. We the Brittany Cemetery. From there we also found it to be in excellent condition except visited the Normandy Cemetery and the Nor­ the dedicated efforts of the personnel of for a few minor problems that appeared to mandy Beachhead as well as the private mon­ these stations will not soon be forgotten be under control. The superintendent did uments along the Beach road. It was our by the communities they serve. WHEX not hesitate to call them to our attention good fortune to be there on a day when the and its fellow stations distinguished and to tell us what changes were being sug­ Museum at Normandy was open and we were themselves in Pennsylvania's hour of gested so that the minor problems could be privileged to review the entire panoramic need, and I, for one, congratulate them. corrected. view of the Normandy Beachhead operation. We then flew to Brussels. From there we We returned to Paris and flew to Rome visited probably the most famous of all our where we were met by Col. Brown and with cemeteries; namely, Flanders Field. Very him visited the Sicily-Rome Cemetery on frankly, it was the most disappointing of all the Anzio Beachhead. Col. Brown was in­ INSPECTION OF OVERSEAS the cemeteries. It is not only the smallest, strumental in arranging for us to visit both NATIONAL CEMETERIES but I can assure you it has the poorest facm­ a German Cemetery and an English Ceme­ ties of all the cemeteries. Unfortunately, it tery located near the Sicily-Rome Cemetery. appears to have been ignored for some time · This gave us an opportunity to compare the so that it was absolutely necessary for the burial grounds for our honored Dead with HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE present superintendent to have major surgery those of other countries. We returned to OF TEXAS done on many of the trees planted in the Rome, and embarked for the United States. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cemetery. I would suggest that the American As you know, from time to time in our Battle Monuments Commission consider re­ discussions, I have been critical of the in­ Thursday, February 1, 1973 placing many of the trees that had to under­ dependence of the American Battle Monu­ go such surgery since they contribute mate­ ments Commission and I still do not believe Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, rially to the poor appearance. While I do not any harm would be done by having it re­ for several years the House Committee propose to tell the American Battle Monu­ port to the ,President through the Adminis­ on Veterans' Affairs has been consider­ ments Commission how to operate their trator of Veterans' Affairs. However, I cannot ing legislation relating to our Nation's cemeteries, I can assure you that a replanting praise too highly the operation of the Ameri­ national cemetery system. Many recom­ of the major trees in this area would be a can Battle Monuments Commission in its mendations have been received to incor­ distinct improvement to the cemetery. maintenance of the cemeteries under their porate the functions of the American We then visited one of the World War I jurisdiction which it was my privilege to monuments at Audenarde. This monument is visit. I found the personnel in the Headquar­ Battle Monuments Commission into one a private monument not maintained by the ters offices in Paris and Rome well informed central cemetery system under the Vet­ American Battle Monuments Commission and with the ability to communicate bilingually erans' Administration. As chairman of is one that should be maintained by that and trilingually. The superintendents have the Veterans' Affairs Committee in the group. We left Brussels and went to visit the a good rapport with their employees, but 92d Congress, I visited a number of our Netherlands and the Henri-Chapelle Ceme­ even more important, they appear to have overseas cemeteries and I also urged teries. These are both a tremendous credit to an excellent rapport with the local officials in other members of the Veterans' Affairs the American Battle Monuments Commis­ their respective areas. Committee to make similar inspections. sion. Words are impossible to describe these I have visited Forest Lawn Cemetery in cemeteries because of their size. The Nether­ Burbank, California.. According to many per­ Mr. Speaker, I was very pleased that lands Cemetery covers 65V2 acres while Henri­ sons this is the most beautiful cemetery as the distinguished gentleman from Penn­ Chapelle covers 57 acres. More than 16,000 of far as maintenance is concerned to be found· sylvania (Mr. SAYLOR) was able to visit our honored war dead are buried in the two anywhere in the world. My only response many of our overseas cemeteries main­ cemeteries. today to anyone who would make that claim tained by the American Battle Monu­ After visiting the Netherlands and the pri­ is that the poorest of the cemeteries under ments Commission, as well as numerous vate monuments at Henri-Chapelle, we then the American Battle Monuments Commis­ private monuments which have been went to Luxembourg and there visited the sion far exceeds any other cemetery it has Cemetery at Ardennes and Luxembourg as been my privilege to visit. erected in honor of countless Americans well as the private monument at Bastogne. In closing this brief report, I want to pay who fought to preserve freedom through­ This latter monument was erected by the a special tribute to Major George H. Mc­ out the world. I understand that Con­ people of Bastogne in grateful appreciation Manus. Major McManus, a West Point grad­ gress will shortly be considering legisla­ of their liberation by the American Forces uate who comes from a military background, tion relating to the national cemetery and in memory of the almost 77 ,000 officers is not only a credit to the American Battle program, and I am pleased to share with and GI's killed, wounded or missing in the Monuments Commission and the military my colleagues the following outstanding Battle of the Bulge. staff under whom he serves, but he is a report which Congressman SAYLOR made It is rather interesting that on the site tremendous credit to the United States of where the Bastogne Memorial is built, the America and its people. I am proud to have to me when he returned from his trip. French Dragoons first came to blows with an American soldier of this calibre serving COMMITTEE ON VETERANS' AF'FAmS, the Uhlans in World War I. And again on abroad in a position of responsibility. I felt Washington, D.C., January 15, 1973. that same spot the first shots were fired in for some several days after meeting Major Hon. OLIN E. TEAGUE, 1940 during World War II. As we all know, McManus that my views on his ability might Chairman, Veterans' Affairs Committee, U.S. in the winter of 1944 it was a town where be distorted, since his roommate during four House of Representatives, Washington, the American Army played such a valiant years at West Point was a candidate that I D.C. part in the liberation of Europe. While the was privileged to nominate. However, the DEAR MR. CHAmMAN: The following is a thought behind the Bastogne Memorial is longer I saw Major McManus both profes­ brief summary of my trip to Europe for an marvelous, its condition is deplorable. If it sionally and socially, and visited him in his inspection of the American Battle Monu­ is to be the responsibility of the American home, the more impressed I was with his ments Commission installations in England, Battle Monuments Commission, I would urge capabilities. It is men with such motivation Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France that a substantial sum of money be appro­ and dedication to the ideals of our Nation and Italy. My wife accompanied me at my priated for the proper job of revitalizing this who enable the Army of the United States personal expense, and visited with me all of monument. If a timely, first-class renovation to maintain its proficiency for excellence. the cemeteries and monuments hereafter is accomplished, it will eliminate the need mentioned. We were inspecting cemeteries in for even greater sums of money earmarked His integrity, his friendliness, his sincerity, which American men are buried and me­ for repairs in the future. his ability, and his obvious potential, I hope, morials dedicated to the American fighting From Luxembourg we visited the Lorraine will not be overlooked as the promotions are man. Mrs. Saylor's presence gave me the ad­ Cemetery containing the largest number of made for those dedicated men who want to vantage of viewing them not only as an in­ graves of our World War II dead, St. Mihiel make the military a career. terested Member of Congress but through the Cemetery, and the Montsec Monument as Sincerely yours, perceptive eyes of a woman who frequently well. Enroute from Verdun to Paris, we visit­ JOHN P. SAYLOR, pointed out to me many significant matters ed sev6ral of the other private monuments; Member of Congress. February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3107 A TRIBUTE TO FARMINGDALE HIGH poundment reservoirs, the planting of 1920, our farm population wa~ nearly 32 SCHOOL FOOTBALL TEAM new trees and shrubs, and improving million. It represented 30 percent of our stands of forest areas. total population. By 1970, less than 10 The people with whom I spoke were million people remained on farms; less HON. ANGELO D. RONCALLO designing important conservation plans. than 5 percent of the total U.S. popula­ OF NEW YORK They were getting ready to move ahead tion. In my own congressional district, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVEB on projects which would improve soil 800 farms folded between 1964 and 1969. Thursday, February 1, 1973 and water; which would build up forested In a nation where every man's birth­ areas; which would prevent wind and right is the chance to make a good livlng Mr. RONCALLO of New York. Mr. water erosion; which would help t.o slow for himself and his family, many farmers Speaker, tonight, February 1, 1973, close the agriculture-related pollution; and are not breaking even. The men and to 1,000 people will assemble at the which would serve not only farm people- women who have worked our land to g1ve Huntington Town House to pay tribute but all people in Illinois-for generations us an abundance of agricultural products to a nationally rated and No. 1 high to come. . - are now being repaid with unemployment school football team in New York State. They felt confident these improve- and a bleak future. The promise of a good I speak, sir, of the Farmingdale High ments would be made. But in late Decem- life has eluded them in spite of laudable School football team and its members ber, the announcement that cost-sharing industriousness and sobriety. who have brought glory not only to activities for REAP were being termi- Many of us here worked hard to see themselves but to their coaches, 'Don nated put an abrupt and sad end to most the Rural I)&velopment Act of 1972 be­ Snyder, Bob Mulligan, and Irv Apgar, of these plans. Since that time, I have come law. We saw in it viable programs their faculty, student body and yes, their had numerous letters pouring into my to help fulfill the American promise to entire community. They epitomize that office and nearly as many visit.ors stop- millions of rural residents. But we did which is good with America today, they ping by, asking me: "What ~appened?" not see in it programs to substitute for reflect the achievements not of the un­ ''Why?" ''Will the Congress do any- those we had already funded. usual, but rather those of the greater thing?'' This week I welcomed the op- Mr. Speaker, I am encouraged by the number of their contemporaries. They portunity to submit these individuals' widespread concern in Congress ov~r the give witness to Theodore Roosevelt's and my concern to the House Agriculture termination of various agricultur pro­ statement: Committee which has just begun hear- grams, and am hopeful farmers will soon A sound body is good; a. sound mind is bet­ ings on reinstatement of funds for the have back the programs which never ter, but a. strong a.nd clean character is better than either. REAP program. · should have been taken from them in the I have always been an enthusiastic first place. Mr. Speaker, I rise in tribute to a group supporter of the Department of Agri- In conclusion, there is a very real ques­ of outstanding young men, the Farming­ culture. I have considered Mr. Butz a tion as to whether the President can dale High School football team. good friend of the small farmer and the deny funds appropriated by the Congress. rural resident. Now .I find it difficult to We owe good, sound programs to rural explain how this administration, which America; and we owe to ourselves "the OUR DEBT TO RURAL AMERICA has in the past done so much for the power of the purse." farmer, could be responsible for such un- expected and sudden decisions. The blow HON. TOM RAILSBACK was especially hard since it came at a OF Il.LINOIS time when many farmers had already ELLIOT LEE RICHARDSON-SECRE- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES completed their plans for 1973. TARY OF DEFENSE Similarly, I have talked to and corre- Thursday, February 1, 1973 sponded with many persons who are up­ Mr. RAILSBACK. Mr. Speaker, I am set by the administration's action on REA HON. JOHN R. RARICK dismayed by the Department of Agri­ loans. Rural electric and telephone loans OF LOUISIANA culture's recent actions, terminating or actually helped bring the 20th century IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cutting back programs which are vital to to millions of America's farmsteads. Be­ the well-being of our farm and rural fore REA, rural families had no radio, no Thursday, February 1, 1973 communities. I am fully cognizant of the incandescent lights, no· modern cooking Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, historical­ administration's reasons for these ac­ appliances, no indoor running water, no ly, the Military Establishment of our tions. I would be the first to admit the refrigeration, no modern farming equip­ country has been kept under civilian Congress needs to thoroughly reevaluate ment. In fact, in 1935, only about one control. and reform its system of appropriations if farm in 10 was electrified. By 1971, rural However, the appointment of Elliot our Government is to ever realize a bal­ utilities were serving 6.4 million meters Lee Richardson, former Secretary of anced budget. It is for this reason that, and reaching nearly 20 million farm and Health, Education, and Welfare and within the next few days, I will intro­ rural people in 2,700 counties in 46 States. former Under Secretary of State, appears duce legislation which would insure fiscal Since I am also concerned about the con­ to be a radical departure from the ac­ responsibility by the House of Repre­ tinuation of REA loans, I have asked that ceptable practice of placing an impartial sentatives. However, the administration I be notified when hearings are held on civilian in control of the military as Sec­ seems to be challenging the authority of them. retary of Defense. The Richardson ap­ the Congress by curtailing valuable agri­ Mr. Speaker, the administration's cut­ pointment will be another historic first. culture programs the Congress had al­ backs on various agriculture programs For the first time the State Department ready funded. are particularly distressing since statis­ will be in control of both our diplomatic The district I am proud to represent is tics would indicate that we have been and military departments. largely farm/rural-oriented. Each time I witnessing the demise of farming in this The Richardson appointment should return to illinois, I can see the good that country. The farm industry, which was remind Americans of President Nixon's farm and rural development programs at one time the mainstay of rural econ­ earlier promise to clean out the mess at are doing for my constituents. I also can omies, has dwindled t.o the point where the State Department. Appointing an see how much still needs to be done. Over only 800,000 farms produce 90 percent individual who has been involved in the the Christmas holidays I met with mem­ of all our food and fiber. mess to the top civilian post over the bers of several Illinois County Soil and Although net farm income for 1972 will military, hardly seems a reasonable way Water Conservations Districts. They reach nearly $19 billion, production costs to clean out the State Department. showed me impressive outlines of what continue to pse at a faster rate than While Mr. Richardson's service as Sec­ they were planning to do with 1973 REAP most farm incomes--thus forcing many retary of Health, Education, and Welfare funds and what they had done in the of the smaller farmers to abandon their will not be remembered as one of hold­ past. Their proposals included long-range farms, their way of life, their heritage. ing the tide on inflation and on unnec­ environmental improvements, such as In short, technological progress has back­ essary spending, I daresay he will become permanent vegetative covers, water im- fired on many of our family farms. In an administration leader in financial cut- ·3108 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 backs and program dismantling as Sec­ Administration an attitude which seems to which supposedly was to make the ticket me to be fundamentally that of Trotsky and stronger. It resulted in Sa.rgent taking over retary of Defense. the other Bolsheviki leaders in Russia; an as governor when President Nixon appointed · I ask that an interesting report on the attitude which may be fraught with mischief Governor Volpe to the position of secretary new Secretary of Defense from the Feb­ to this country •. ," of Transportation, thus dashing Richard­ ruary 2, 1973 issue of The Herald of Among Frankfurter's proteges at Harvard son's hopes of trying for the governorship Freedom, Box 3, Zarephath, N.J., follow were such subversives as J. Robert Oppen­ himself. my remarks. heimer, Lawrence Duggan, Harry Dexter In his 1966 campaign for Attorney Gen­ The report follows: White, Alger Hiss (for whom Frankfurter eral, Richardson was assailed for making was a character witness), Lee Pressman, Har­ charges against his opponent that he could [From the Herald of Freedom~ Feb. 2, 1973) old Glasser and Owen Lattimore. Frankfurter not substantiate (N.Y. Times 1/5/ 69). A ELLIOT LEE RICHARDSON was on the National Committee of the Amer­ more interesting item, however, was the long President Richard M. Nixon's selection of ican Civil Liberties Union with such (subse­ list of Democrats who supported Republican Elliot Richardson as his new Secretary of quently identified) Communists as William Richardson, In the Record American (Bos­ Defense has sent shock waves through mili­ Z. Foster, Elizabeth Gurley Flynn, Louis ton) of November 4, 1966 a full page adver­ tary leaders in the Pentagon. After the ap­ Budenz and Scott Nearing. He was an inti­ tisement stated: "The office of Attorney Gen­ pointment was announced, the board of di­ mate of Harold Laski, who taught with him eral ls too important ... that is why we and rectors of the American Conservative Union at Harvard and then went to the London thousands of other Massachusetts Democrats voted unanimously to oppose his nomination. School of Economics and established what support Elliot Richardson for Attorney Gen­ Human events pointed out that the De­ became known in academic circles as the eral." Among the signers were Henry Com­ fense community already believes our coun­ "Frankfurter-Laski Axis." Laski eventually mager and Adam Yarmolinsky. The ad also try's defenses are in a. state qt rapid decline secured a teaching post in Moscow. carried a quote from John F. Kennedy, and that with Richardson as chief of the From 1949 to 1953 Richarson was with the Washington, 1956: "I want to show the very Defense Department the U.S. military posi­ Boston law firm of Ropes, Gray, Best, Coo­ high regard in which Mr. Richardson is held tion will deteriorate even more drastically. lidge and Rugg. In 1952 he was also a lecturer by all who know him, including myself. I A Washington official who worked in close on law at Harvard and in 1953 he was pro­ have worked with him on many occasions in contact with Richardson stated that when posed by Felix Frankfurter to be president the past and always found him to be ex­ Richardson chaired the Under Secretaries of Harvard, a fact which indicates Frankfur­ tremely able, dependable and fair-minded." Committee of the National Security Council ter's high regard for, and faith in, him. From Richardson was also supported by the Ameri­ for two yea.rs, his opinions invariably were 1953 to 1954 he was a staff assistant to U.S. cans for Democratic Action (A.D.A.). geared against the Defense Department's Senator Leverett Saltonstall, after which he Adam Yarmolinksy's endorsement should point of view. went back to his law firm from 1954 to 1956. be enough to warn anyone against endorsee Richardson's view toward the threat of the Saltonstall was a former governor of Mas­ Richardson. Yarmolinsky attended Harvard International Communist Conspiracy was sachusetts who was elected to fill the unex­ at the same time as Richardson, graduating made clear in a speech on June 9, 1969 be­ pired term of Henry Ca.bot Lodge, Jr. who two years later. During his sojourn at Harv­ fore the A~vertising Council in Washington, resigned from the U .s. Senate February 1944. ard, Yarmolinsky was head of the Marxist D.C. when he stated: "The unity of Commu­ Saltonstall was known as a "liberal Repub­ Club, a founding member and editor of the nist discipline or dogma ls increasingly a lican" because of his stand on civil liberties Marxist magazine, Yardling, which presented phenomenon of the past. In fact, the term and international cooperation. He was a the views of the Young Communist League. 'Communist' now covers such a multiplicity sponsor of U.S.-Soviet "Friendship Rallies" He admitted attending meetings of the Com­ of states, parties and tendencies as to _have and of the National Council of American­ munist Youth League and an investigation little usefulness." The fact that one billion Soviet Friendship of which Corliss Lamont by the Army into his left-wing background people are kept under tyrannical police state (identified Communist) was chairman. quoted him as stating, "They (the Young control and the fact that the Soviet Union In January of 1957 Richardson was Communist League) believed and I was in­ is building up its military and technical appointed by President Eisenhower to be clined to believe that a so-called Communist strength while the U.S. has been disarming Assistant Secretary for Legislation in the government was a desirable end." As a free­ do not seem to be of any concern to Mr. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and wheeling commissar in the Defense De­ Richardson. He was the featured speaker at Welfare. His long time friend, William partment during the Kennedy Kingdom, a luncheon meeting of the Fund for Peace Rogers, was then Attorney General of the Yarmol1nsky was lnstrumenta.1 · in trying to (made up of leftist, pacifist and world gov­ United States and in 1959 Richardson was destroy the morale of the armed forces ernment organizations) held April 29, 1970, appointed U.S. Attorney in Massachusetts of the United States. High-ranking military at which time he extolled the virtues of co­ under Rogers. The N.Y. Times tells us that personnel had their every word and action operating with the Soviets. "During those years Mr. Richardson was carefully scrutinized by Adams and his Elliot Lee Richardson was born in Boston, widely regarded as one of the brighter and "Whizz-Kids." He became so powerful under Mass. on July 20, 1920, the son of Dr. Edward more creative spirits in an Administration McNamara that reportedly no one could be P. Richardson and the former Clara Shat­ that was not noted for them. He became hired, assigned or discharged at the Pentagon tuck. He graduated from Harvard with an identified with the moderate, even liberal, without his O.K. Exposure forced Ya.rmolin­ A.B. degree in 1941 and obtained his LL.B. wing of Republican thought." One of the sky out of public life but he continued and from Harvard Law School in 1947, after hav­ "several notable convictions" won by U.S. continues to be active "behind the scenes." ing served in the U.S. Army from 1942 to Attorney Richardson was that of Bernard Endorsement by Yarmolinsky did not mili­ . 1945. At Harvard he was editor of The Law Goldfine for tax evasion. Bernard Goldfine tate against Richardson and he was elected Review. He married Miss Anne Frances Haz­ was the wealthy textile manufacturer whose Attorney General of Massachusetts. One of ard, a Radcliffe graduate, August 2, 1952; gifts to one of Eisenhower's top aides created his more regrettable acts in this capacity was they have three children, Henry, Anne Haz­ a. scandal. Among the goodies given to Sher­ granting permission for a "documentary" film ard, and Michael. man Adams was a fabulously expensive to be made of the inmates at the Bridgewater Richardson's first position (1947-48) was vicuna. coat and Sherman came to rue the State Hosp'ital for the criminally insane. law clerk to the famous judge, Learned Hand, day he ever laid eyes on it, for it became a These unfortunates were photographed in who was at that time superior judge of the symbol of influence peddling. The Goldfine their degenerate and private activities and U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals for the Second involvement cost Adams his White House the film entitled "Titticut Follies," was Judicial Circuit. As of 1949 Judge Learned job and greatly embarrassed the Eisenhower shown c~mmercially. It was from this post Hand had completed forty years on the Administration which had been so sancti­ that Mr. Richardson moved into his position Federal bench, having first been appointed monious about the scandals of the Truman of Number Two man in American diplomacy by President Taft in 1901. His thousands of Administration which preceded it. as Under Secretary of State on the recom­ decisions were described by Felix Frank­ When the Eisenhower Administration was mendation of Secretary of State William furter as "an enduring source of truth-seek­ succeeded by the Kennedy Kingdom, Rich­ Rogers. ing and illumination." ardson was selected to be a special assistant Richardson is a long-time close personal Richardson then became a law clerk to the to Attorney General Bobby Kennedy. He friend of Rogers who explained his choice as great Frankfurter himself from 1948 to 1949. tried in 1962 for the Republican nomination "springing mainly from a desire to have as Frankfurter by then had progressed from be­ for Massachusetts Attorney General but lost his deputy someone with whom he is per­ ing a Harvard law professor, who had been in the primary to Edward W. Brooke, now sonally close and compatible, a man who supplying law clerks to Supreme Court and the U.S. Senator from Massachusetts. He was would serve as his 'alter ego'." Federal judges for many years, to being a a partner in the firm of Rop'es and Gray Richardson was quite acceptable to the Supreme Court Justice (appointed by Frank­ from 1961 to 1964 at which time he was "Liberal Establishment" in spite of his "lim­ lin D. Roosevelt January 5, 1939). Frank­ elected Lt. Governor of Massachusetts. In ited experience in foreign affairs." The N.Y. furter's pro-Bolshevik-Communist bias is 1966 Richardson ran for Attorney General of Times of January 1, 1969 in announcing the well known and was stated in a letter writ­ selection of Richardson for the State Depart­ ten to him by Theodore Roosevelt on Decem­ Mass. and allowed his second cousin, Francis w. Sargent, to run for the position he then ment post stated: . ber 19, 1917, in which he stated: " . .. you "Although Mr. Richardson has no official have taken, and are taking on behalf of the held as Lt. Governor. This was a maneuver February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3109 experience for the Under Secretaryship, he brush with the law was at the age of nine­ a few conservative congressmen and Depart­ has traveled widely. In 1961, as president of teen when he was arrested on May 6, 1939, at ment of Justice employees objected to the the World Affairs Council in Boston, he 8:30 P.M. for operating under the influence elimination of security checks was overcome visited Africa for a first-hand look at emerg­ of liquor on Beacon Street in Boston. Pearson by pointing out that the old rules we1·e in­ ing nations. He has also attended a. policy quoted the arresting officer as stating: "Rich­ stituted during the "security risk scares" of seminar at Salzburg, Austria." ardson was very abusive at the time of his the early 1950's, now considered to be out­ With the Institute of Pacific Relations arrest and threatened to have me fired." After dated. A senior H.E.W. official gave an in­ thoroughly discredited and exposed as sub­ pleading guilty to the offense, Richardson dication of the type of consultant who versive by extensive hearings and investiga­ was fined $75 and his license suspended. For would be helping H.E.W. to formulate its tions, its work did not cease but was con­ an offense in April 1951, Richardson pleaded socialistic programs when he said he believed tinued by other groups. The internationalists guilty and was fined $200 and his license sus­ in the future prospective consultants would have never ceased to propagandize, and pended. This was for striking a stop sign and be rejected for personal behavior (possibly among the "educational" oragnizations going through a hedge at 2:00 A.M. in Brook­ homosexuality or drug abuse) whereas in the through which they work are the various line, Mass. Of his numerous arrests, three past most rejections had been due to ques­ regional World Affairs Councils. In the House involved driving under the influence of al­ tionable loyalty. Like a true Frankfurter of Representatives report of hearings on Tax­ cohol and most of the others involved speed­ protege, Richardson was now making it pos­ Exempt Foundations appears a document ing. sible for Communists and subversives to called Recommendations of the President to Richardson was on the other side of the penetrate an area of government from which the Trustees (Carnegie Endowment for Inter­ problem when he later headed the Depart­ they had previouly been barred, a very sen­ national Peace) signed by Alger Hiss and ment of Health, Education and Welfare (after sitive and important area. where plans for published in the 1947 yearbook of that or­ his Number 2 job in the State Department) the future are made. ganization. It states in part: and joined the Secretary of Transportation Although he came from a family of doc­ "The United States was the chief architect (John A. Volpe) in announcing the signing tors-his father, both grandfathers and sev­ of the United States and is its chief support. of an agreement coordinating alcoholism eral uncles as well as his two brothers-­ The opportunity for an endowed American programs of the National Institute of Mental Richardson decided upon a career in politics. institution having the objectives, traditions, Health with those of the Highway Traffic Operating within the framework of the Re­ and prestige of the endowment, to support Safety Administration. A huge education publican Party, he is of the strange new and serve the United Nations is very great. program was planned to demonstrate that breed of the Republicans known as the No other agency appears to be so favorably "responsible" drinking is not incompatible "progressives" who number among them situated as is the endowment for the under­ with modern living. It was pointed out that such as Mayor John Lindsay, and former taking of such a program ..• I recommend the program would have to be carefully Senator Charles Goodell. His left-wing cre­ most earnestly that the endowment construct handled so that the Federal Government dentials seem to be impeccable, and his con­ its program for the period that lies ahead would not be accused of "teaching people nections with the Establishment and World primarily for the support and the assistance how to drink." Government advocates are of long standing. of the United Nations ..• the endowment In all his various capacities, Richa,rdson He ls truly an international man in an in­ should utilize its existing resources, such as has been described as "vocal and active" and ternational-minded administration, and now the international relations clubs in the col­ he carried these characteristics into his State as the number one man in the Defense De­ leges and ••• should strengthen its relation­ Department position; "observers" acknowl­ partment is in a position to play the part ship with existing agencies interested in the edged him to be the State Department's most for which he was trained in the Felix Frank­ field of foreign affairs . . . the Council on influential voice at the White House with an furter school of social revolution. If Presi­ Foreign Relations, the Foreign Policy Asso­ "especially close working relationship" with dent Nixon's purpose in appointing Rich­ ciation, and local community groups inter­ Henry Kissinger. He also developed a good ardson as Secretary of Defense is to liquidate ested in foreign affairs, of which the Cleve­ relationship with the State Department dis­ it in favor of U.N. peacekeeping forces, then land Council on World Affairs and the pro­ sidents ("Young Turks") by his initiation of he has picked the right man for the job. jected World Affairs Council in San Francisco "reforms." are examples . . . These organizations • . • Richardson was sworn in as head of the are not equipped to set up foreign policy Department of Health, Education and Wel­ research staffs on their own. The endowment fare on June 24, 1970, replacing Robert H. should supply these organizations with basic Finch, Nixon's California crony who could THE LATE OLIVER P. BOLTON information a.bout the United Nations, and not cut it with the Eastern -Establishment. should assist them both in selecting topics Since Richardson served in H.E.W. during the of interest to their members and in present­ Eisenhower Administration it had doubled ing those topics so as to be most readily un­ its size and now had a budget of 81 billion HON. 0. C. FISHER derstood by their members ..." dollars, employed over 100,000 persons and OF TEXAS What Hiss was describing and recommend­ financed 40,000 institutions and agencies. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ing was a huge brainwashing operation to One of Richardson's first acts after taking be performed on the American public. Such office was to discontinue the policy of cutting Wednesday, January 31, 1973 organizations as the Foreign Policy Associa­ off federal funds to school districts that re­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Speaker, the sad news tion and World Affairs Councils, fronting fused to desegregate. He simply turned the about the passing of our former col­ for the Council on Foreign Relations, pre­ cases over to the Justice Department for tend to be "non-partisan" and educational prosecution, a process he felt to be more league. Oliver P. Bolton was a shock to but are strictly World Government propa­ "effective." Desegregation, medicare, mental all of us. He was universally respected gandists. Richardson has been closely asso­ health, welfare were now in the hands of a and admired by all who served with him. ciated with this as a member of the board man who does not play games, at least not In the Congress he always operated on a of directors and president of the World Af­ while on the job. high level of statesmanship and decorum. fairs Council of Boston. He is also a member Fresh from the State Department where He made an excellent record while of the Council on Foreign Relations itself. security regulations were seemingly non­ serving here. Mr. Richardson was described by the N.Y. existent, Richardson instituted the same Times as having all the attributes of the policy in the Department of Health, Educa­ We all recall Olivers' distinguished proper Bostonian, family background, and tion and Welfare where some did exist when mother. Mrs. Frances P. Bolton, one of "the distinctive New England upper-class he came upon the scene. secretary Richard­ the most able and respected Members way of talking." We are told, however, that son signed new regulations on september who has served in this body for many his intimates know him "as a great party man 20, 1970 formally relaxing security and suit­ years. I understand she is presently in with a robust sense of humor, a good dancer ability regulations for scientists who serve it Florida taking advantage of the winter and avid skier, even an adventurer." The late as part-time consultants. There were 6,000 Drew Pearson was not quite so kind in his climate there, and that she is enjoying of these, most of them acting as advisers to very good health. comments, recollecting that Richardson had the National Institutes of Health in Be­ a good record in government and was "a far­ That 'mother-son relationship, both sighted HEW executive" but he had a problem thesda, Maryland. Hundreds of scientists had serving at the same time in the Congress, -alcoholism. It sounds strange, coming from previously been barred from becoming ad­ provided something of a footnote to his­ Pearson, but he stated: visers because of their political beliefs and affiliations, which, of course, would be Com­ tory. Both of them were the kind of "It is a fl.rm rule of the State Department people America desperately needs in posi­ that an alcoholic is a security risk. The theory munist and subversive. All that was changed is that he's subject to blackmail, or can be under Richardson, with no investigations of tions of responsibility. indiscreet under the influence of liquor and consultants before they were appointed; To Mrs. Bolton, the mother, and to leak security information ••." under the new rules the suitability and other members of that family, I extend Citing a record of fifteen automobile arrests loyalty of the scientists was to be "vouched my profound sympathy in their bereave­ for Richardson, Pearson stated that his first for" by a senior H.E.W. official. The fact that ment. 3110 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Februa1ry 1, 1973 MOVE OVER J. L. SEAGULL, HERE IS sermon a rousing ovatio:n-"a first for me fly. But they said, "How do you ever expect us JONATHAN LIVINGSTON CHRISTIAN in twenty years of preaching," Jones says. to fly as you fly? You are special and gifted (Why ls Jonathan .so popular? "People ad­ and divine, above other birds." "None is mire the idea that you can be better than more special or divine than any other" Jona­ you are," Jones says, "that if you give it all than said. "The only difference, the very only HON. WILLIAM H. HUDNUT Ill you've got, success is unlimited." one, is that they have begun to understand OF INDIANA (Some think the book· is not all that what they really are and have begun to prac­ Christian. A bishop has denounced it for the tice it." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sin of pride, for its emphasis on the self over Fletcher Lynd Seagull was the name of that Thursday, February 1, 1973 others. But Jones points out that after Jona­ first outcast gull that Jonathan had met in than lea.med to fly, he wanted to teach the Far Cliffs. Fletcher became an instructor Mr. HUDNUT. Mr. Speaker, one of the others. Jones emphasizes ~'this Christian in­ for the young gulls who believed. Then one great surprises in the publishing busi­ terpretation of Jonathan's willingness to day Jonathan said to Fletcher: "You don't ness has been the success of a book con­ share what he knew with others." need me any longer. All you need is to keep taming only 40 pages of text and some (So move over Jonathan Livingston Sea.­ faith in your unlimited self. He'll be your in­ pictures of seagulls in flight. This book, gull and make room for Jona.than Livingston structor. I have other flocks, other Fletchers called "Jonathan Livingston seagull," Christian: ) that need an instructor more than you." And How could a book with only 40 pages of With that Jonathan's body wavered in the appeared on the top 10 best seller list text a.nd some pictures of seagulls in flight air, shimmering, and then went utterly trans­ during most of 1972. It is rather remark­ become a national best seller? There Is no parent. able that such a book proved to be so sex, not even a single human being men­ Now what is this all about? Why have I popular with all segments of our popu­ tioned in the story. left some parts of the story still untold? Why lation from the very young to older Jonathan Livingston Seagull discovered should I call a sermon by the name Jonathan persons. the joy of flying. He found it was more chal­ Livingston Christian? This story was written by an aircraft lenging than following fishing boats for Well, first it's important to know that au­ castaway fl.sh and spending his life as a thor Richard Bach 1S a pilot. There 1s so pilot named Richard Bach. The Rever­ beachcomber. By holding his wings close to much to learn in life that simply ts not com­ end Kenneth S. Jones, pa.stor of Faith his body he was able to dive at more than prehended 1f you are earthbound. This ts United Methodist Church in Rockville, 200 miles an hour. One day he climbed. to what Jona.than's rebelllon was all about. Md., is. a pilot also and, after reading 5,000 feet and dove right through the midst Down at the beach or a few yards above the "Jonathan Livingston Seagull," Rever­ of his home flock a hundred. feet abov& the water all there ls to life is the struggle for ~nd Jones was so inspired that he based water. He thought they'd be proud of his survival. Jonathan's father said to him one one of his sermons on the story and en­ accomplishment, but Instead they expelled day: "If you must study, then study food him from the flock, banished him to a lonely and how to get it. Don't forget thast the rea­ titled it "Jonathan Livingston Chris­ life on the Far Cliffs. son you fly 1S to eat." Isn't that terrible that tian:• Reverend Jones, in discussing why The head gull, called the Elder, pronounced a father should say to his son, in effect, the Jonathan is so popular, says: his banishment and gave this philosophy: purpose of life ls to earn a. living? There is People admire the idea that you can be "Life ls the unknown and unknowable, ex­ one main purpose to life, and all the rest is better than you are. If you give it all you"ve cept that we are put into this world to eat incidental. The purpose of life is to diScover got, success 1S unlimited. and to stay alive as long as we possibly can." and fulfill what God had in mind when he In disregard for tradition, Jonathan Seagull made us. This is certainly a wonderful goal for talked back to the Elder: "For a thousand Down on the surface of the earth the hills our young people as well as all others to years we have scrambled after flshheads, but seem so steep and hard to climb, but from a follow. now we have a reason to live-to learn, to thousand feet up the 30- and 50-foot eleva­ Reverend Jones' sermon, "Jonathan discover, to be free." "The Brotherhood 1S tions are practically fl.at. And it's that way Livingston Christian," has been published broken" the adult gulls intoned together with life. Obstacles rise up in our paths-­ in the current issue of the Washingto­ and that meant that Jonathan was no longer sorrows, burdens, setbacks-a.nd they seem part of them. insurmountable, but viewed from the van­ nian magazine, and after reading it, I Jonathan suffered not so much by his tage point of a thousand feet closer to God, was so impressed, that I wanted to share loneliness as by the fact that the other gulls they all flatten to ripples. Compared to the it with my colleagues and other readers could not believe the glory- that would be mountains and chasms others confront, we of the RECORD: theirs if they would open their eyes and live on a smooth plain. With God's help we (From Washingtonian magazine] see. Jonathan discovered that boredom and are able to rise above the apparent limita­ fear and anger are the reasons that a gull's tions that frustrate a person who is weak in MovE OvER, J. L. SEAGULL, HERE Is JONATHAN faith. LIVINGSTON CHRISTIAN life ls so short, and with these gone from his thought he lived a long fine life indeed. Now, with a view to helping you learn to (Th& publiShing phenomenon of the 1970s Then one evening two shining gulls, who fly, I am renaming each of you Jonathan has been a slender book called Jonathan Liv­ actually flew with more grace and sklll than Livingston Christian. Oh, you're still free, ingston Seagull. Written by a pilot named Jonathan, appeared at his wingtips. He add­ I haven't taken anything away from you. Richard Bach and rejected by most major ed full power and zoomed away from them, You can still choose to live like a two-legged book publishers, Jona.than was quietly but they dove and rolled and banked With creature. distinguishable from other mam­ launched into print two years ago by Mac­ perfect precision. "We are from your flock, mals only by the power of speech and the wit mlllan. Sales started slowly but grew and Jonathan. We have come to take you higher, to make tools. You can continue with first­ grew. and Jana.than perched atop the best­ to take you home." With the promise of flying things-flrst, continue until your deaths in seller list most ot 1972. Hardback sales are the struggle for survival and shelter and the nearing two million, with a paperback print­ higher and with greater skill, he gladly :flew with them to heaven. lordship of real estate. Or you can heed the ing out thia month. The movie, with only sea­ promises of God. Jesus said: "The person who gulls as characters, will be out later this year. He asked a nobler Elder Gull: "Is this heaven?" "No, Jonathan, there is no such wants to save his own life will lose it; but the (What kind of seagull inspires that sort one who loses his life for my sake will save of interest? Jonathan yearns to :fly better place. Hea.ven is not a place or a time. Heaven it. Put God's kingdom first in your life, and is and faster than any other gull. At first he being perfect." he will provide whatever it is you will need." has trouble with his high-speed dives be­ One day, standing on the shore, Jona.than You can do anything, but only by prayer and cause of his long Wings. He gives up. "If I understood what the Elder Gull had told believing. were meant to fly a~ speed," he says, "I'd him. "It's true! I am a. perfect, unlimited If you are going to be thought of as a Jon­ have a falcon's short wings." But he tries gull!" athan Livingston sort of Christian, you'll have again and again, and :finally achieves per­ Jonathan learned so much he longed to to imitate his determination to succeed, Jon­ fection. return to the flock that had made him an athan tried to develop a slow-flying tech­ (Being inspirational and about flying was outcast. At the Far Cliffs he found first one nique and he stalled and fell into the sea. enough to catch the interests of Kenneth s. new outcast, then another, until he had like a rock. Still he tried a.gain and again. He Jones, pastor of the Faith United Methodist seven students who learned to fly as well tried high-speed dives, so fast that when he Church in Rockville. Jones is a pilot-he Jona.than. stuck out a few feathers to end his dive his learned while a missonary in the Congo-and Then one day the eight of them flew right wings were nearly torn from his body. But he he likes to bring new ideas into his young, through the old home flock in a double-dia­ kept on until he perfected it. His single­ growing church. So a sermon titled "Jona­ mond formation at 135 miles per hour wing­ mindedness, his devotion to perfecting his than Livingston Christian" was a natural. tip-to-wingtip. The elders of the flock cried skill, made him an outcast and it Just might ("I got an extrao_rdina.ry reaction," Jones malce a.n outcast of you. But never mind. In says. "People hugged me, women kissed me. "OUtcasts. They're outcasts." "Sure they're your striving for perfection, you are not seek­ They told me it was the best sermon I ever outcasts," cried the young gulls, but where ing cheers from the stands, but a "well done" preached." Jones' son Jeffrey, a student at did they learn to fly like that?" from your Creator. Western Maryland College in Westminster, Jonathan and his students relaxed on the Jonathan Livingston Christian is also train­ heard about it and invited his father to talk beach at night, and gradually the young gulls ing hilnself for a future life. Jonathan Sea.­ about Jonathan Livingston Christian at Sun­ gathered in the dark around them, listening gull's attitude of preparation .stood him In day chapel services. The students gave the to Jonathan's wisdom. Oh, they wanted to good stead. How do your attitudes support February 1·, '1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS· 3111 you? ·If you a.re striving today to ,be · better declared war on these brave public serv­ that should be of grave concern to this than yesterday--more faithful, more loving, ants. We have seen the tragic slaughter Congress. On January 24, President more useful, more grateful-you'll not have in a New Orleans hotel and the increas­ any anxieties about a life hereafter.· rt· can Nixon declared a cease fire for Vietnam only be an enlargement, an amplification, a ing number of ambushes against police-· effective January 27, 1973. It is difficult great expansion of the joys we've known right men in New York City. Hardly a day to understand why it 'was necessary for here; Jonathan Seagull didn't miss one beat passes that similar reports do not appear ow· fighting forces to finish out the of his wings. He was in mid-flight when two in the press. week-during which four more Ameri­ shining gulls escorted him to Elysian Field. The time has come for us to protect can fighting men were killed-:--but it Now if it's true that heaven is merely an those who spend their lives protecting would seem that the fighting in Vietnam intensification of the perfection we have us. achieved in the present, then our present is finally nea1ing an end. Sadly, the same duties will be similar to the duties of angels. With this purpose in mind, I have co­ does not appear to be true for Laos and Jonathan Livingston Christian, that's you, sponsored this legislation. The bill is Cambodia. will want to share your knowledge of per­ similar to the Federal kidnaping stat­ A contributing factor to the continu­ fection, spread the joy, tell the world, get ute-the "Lindberg Law." Just as this ation of the fighting in Laos and Cam­ someone else ready for the great journey. Nation was shocked into action following bodia is widoubtedly the amount of Jonathan Seagull was a compulsive flight the tragic Lindberg kidnaping, we must American dollars supplied to feed the instructor. He knew there would be others now act to control atrocities which are existing corruption. As long as powerful somewhere who wanted to know ht w to fly. growing in number and viciousness You know how to fly, Jonathan c :1ristian, groups of individuals in Laos and Cam­ and out there on the lonely Far Clit:s of this against our society based on order. bodia can make a dollar on the war, they world there are lonely people who need to It is not the intent of this legislation will attempt to continue the fighting. know what you know. Have you ever heard to replace State criminal statutes against During the last Congress, the Foreign evangelism described that way? That's what this sort of crime. Instead, our bill is de­ Operations and Government Informa­ it is. You may not claim a comfortable pew signed to augment State efforts in this tion Subcommittee, which I chair, pre­ for your perpetual and private use and en­ area. In many cases, the assailants have pared reports showing the gross lack of joyment. Unless you share it, it will lose its been able to escape across State lines. power to hold and lift you up in spirit. control over the expenditure of millions I left out an incident in the other Jona­ Prompt initiation of Federal anticrime of dollars under U.S. grant programs to than's story. On the beach, his native beach, machinery, which this bill would provide both Laos and Cambodia which are ad­ one Kirk Maynard Gull came to Jonathan, for, will hopefully cut off these escape ministered by the U.S. Agency for Inter­ dragging his left wing. "I want to fly more routes. national Development-Need a copy? than anything else in the world," he said. . I feel certain that legislation such as Phone 225-3741. In replying to our re­ "Come along then," said Jonathan. "Climb this would receive wide support from ow· ports, Agency officials have advised me with me away from the ground and we'll constituents. I have received a consider­ that they have carefully reviewed the begin. able amount of mail on this issue, and · "You don't understand. My wing, I can't reports but that nothing will be done to move my wing." the news media in my district has been establish proper U.S. controls over these "Maynard Gull, you have the freedom to wianimous in condemning these out­ programs. be yourself, your true self, here and now, and rages. Over the past 20 years, one scandal nothing can stand in your way. It is the Law In conclusion, I include a recent edi­ after another has surface~ in our for­ of the Great Gull, the Law that is." torial which appeared in the McPherson, eign assistance operations. Past pro­ "Are you saying I can fly?" Kansas Sentinel in which editor Ken grams in both Laos and Cambodia have "I say you are free." Krehbiel expresses well the prevailing As simply and as quickly as that, Kirk been especially troublesome. To cover up Maynard Gull spread his wings, effortlessly, sentiment. the continued corruption in th~se coun­ and lifted into the dark night air. The The editorial follows: tries. AID officials have devised schemes whole flock was wakened by his loud scream POLICE AND FmEMEN MUST HAVE BETTER whereby the United States contributes from five hundred feet up. "I can fly! Lis• PROTECTION millions of dollars pw·portedly to pay the ten! I can fly!" The New Orleans slaughter of police and foreign exchange costs of impo1;ts need­ By sunrise nearly a thousand gulls gathered firemen on top of many nationwide killings ed by the Lao and Cambodian people. around Maynard. And Jona.than was there to of policemen should convince us they need However, our officials h~.ve been espe­ explain: "You must understand that a sea­ better protection. The killings, senseless gull is an unlimited idea of freedom, an and unexplained, often seem part of a con­ cially careful not to create any real con­ image of the Great Gull, and your whole spiracy to kill every policeman they can. trol over this expenditure of the tax­ body, from wingtip to wingtip, is nothing Many are demanding a return to the death payers money. In fact, the AID mission more than your thought itself." penalty for those convicted of killing a police­ director in Laos reported that over $50 You, Jonathan Livingston Christian, are man. That may be necessary, but penalties million of the $95 million made available made in the image of God, made for perfec• we have now do not seem to be used to their to Laos for imports over a recent 4-year tion, made to find your life in giving it. You full effect. period could not be accowited for by can fly. By faith you can fly and you'll know To begin with, some lawyer takes the de­ commodity imports into Laos. Our of­ the destination of your final flight. fense of the murderer for publicity reasons. He drags the case on and on until most peo­ ficials in both Laos and Washington ple forget about it. Sometimes he even slips readily confessed that they do not know in a confession which gets the murderer o1f what the Lao did with the $50 million. PROTECTING OUR PROTECTORS with a few years. During our hearings on the economy A police or fireman killer should know be­ and efficiency of U.S. economic assistance HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER forehand that he will be tried with the high­ programs in Cambodia, AID officials est speed with few delays and once convicted clearly explained their reasoning for es­ OF KANSAS he will always get at least the maximum tablishing a special exchange fund to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES sentence with no pa.role for anything. If that doesn't stop the present murders, finance imports for Cambodia when they Thursday, February 1, 1973 then go to the death penalty if we must. testified that the fund would finance Mr. SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, I am Whatever the means, the murders must "those kinds of things that we either did joining my able colleague from our neigh­ stop if we are to have effective police pro­ not wish to, or legally could not finance bor State of Missouri, the Honorable tection of our cities and homes. out of a commodity import program." RICHARD !CHORD, in introducing H.R. 2693, Our officials rationalize that concealed a bill to make it a Federal crime to kill corruption cannot hurt the U.S. foreign or assault a fireman or law enforcement NEED FOR FURTHER REDUCTIONS assistance program. Are we as responsi­ officer engaged in the performance of IN SUPPORTING ASSISTANCE ble representatives of the American peo­ his duties. APPROPRIATIONS ple going to permit this u:µcontrolled In my opinion, it is a shame that expenditure of millions of U.S. tax dol­ legislation such as this is necessary in HON. WILLIAMS. MOORHEAD lars to continue? this Nation of justice and order. The OF PENNSYLVANIA Mr. Speaker, during the closing days overwhelming majority of our citizens IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the 92d Congress, we passed a con­ abQor _the senseless violent acts we have tinuing resolution for the fun,g.ing, Qf .our recently witnessed against our police and Thursday, February 1, 1973 foreign assistance programs.- In doing. so, firemen~ . . Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. Mr; Cong-ress indicated that final funding fo1· ·But a · tiny minority of madmen has Speaker, I call to your attention a matter the administration's· $894 million sup• 3112 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 porting assistance appropriation request ture for ratification. At this time, I would Just 37 per cent of the master's degrees, 13 would not exceed $600 million. Every like to insert in the RECORD the begin­ per cent of the doctorates and 4 per cent Member of the 93d Congress should be ning two articles of this six-part series. of the professional degrees. carefully considering the authorization in To proceed with the disadvantages facing The study appeared the Las Vegas women in business and labor may appear to and appropriation of funding for AID's Sun in December 1972. The articles fol­ belabor the point, but their existence cannot supporting assistance programs which low: be denied. will be up for a vote before the Congress DISCRIM INAT ION: SEXUAL AS WELL AS RACIAL For example, Nevada is among those stat es very shortly. With proper U.S. control (By Bob Yeargin) which restrict married women-but not mar­ over the expenditw·e of these funds, it (EDITOR'S NoTE: The equal rights amend­ ried men-in establishing businesses. would be necessary for the Congress to ment, also known as the ERA, has the dis­ And the 1970 hearings of the Subcommit­ appropriate less than half the amounts tinction of being one measure which evokes tee on Constltutiona,l Amendments revealed it has been providing for supporting as­ all manner of response, from the politely that 26 states then bad laws excluding adult stifled yawn to an almost shrill reaction, de· women from certain occupations. Among sistance purposes. Clearly, we must speak them was Ohio, which does not permit women to our AID officials in the only language pending on who discusses it. With this arti­ cle the SUN embarks on a six-part study to work as crossing watchmen, section hands, they understand-the language of the of the amendment, its background, its effect, bellhops, gas or electric meter readers, pin­ appropriated dollar. and its chances for ratification by Nevada's setters or drivers of delivery vehicles of legislature next year. Today's installment more than one ton, to name just a few. treats the sexual discrimination in American What was formerly protective labor legis­ society which has lead to the ERA.) lation has to a great degree become restric­ OLIVER BOLTON Women's Lib, credited by many with split­ tive, as in the case of those laws limiting the ting American females into opposing camps, hours women may work. Such statutes have has accomplished something else, too. often made it impossible for qualified women HON. JAMES HARVEY The controversial movement, bursting into to advance, since supervisors must put in the national consciousness in recent years, overtime. OF MICHIGAN has made America aware that discrimination Common knowledge through it may be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES is sexual as well as racial, and even women that most women will learn less than men doing the same job, it nevertheless comes as Wednesday, January 31, 1973 who vehemently deny being "Women's Lib­ bers" can recount personal experiences of a shock to learn that the female median in­ sexual discrimination. come is just 59.5 per cent of the male or that Mr. HARVEY. Mr. Speaker, I join my four years of college gives a woman just a colleagues in eulogizing the passing away The disputes surrounding Women's Lib, slight advantage over a man with an eight­ on December 13 of a distinguished mem­ have predictably spilled over into other dis­ grade education. cussions on women's rights, most notably ber of a distinguished family, Ollie Bol­ those dealing with the women's equal rights While women make up 40 per cent of the ton. amendment (ERA). white collar work force, they can be found in I had the privilege and pleasure of just one of 10 managerial positions and just Lost in the shuffle, though, ls the fact that one of seven professional positions. The pat­ getting to know Ollie when we were the ERA was created to deal with the dis­ tern is identical among fem.a.le federal civil both members of the House Banking and crimination women have faced in various service employes. Currency Committee. He was always segments of society. The courts have afforded women little ready with a helping hand and friendly "I have been far oftener discriminated solace in their struggle for equal rights, up­ against because I am a woman than be­ holding discriminatory statutes in most word of advice. cause I am black," Rep. Shirley Chisholm The story of the Bolton family is truly cases. The Supreme Court took the lead, up­ D-N.Y., told the House Subcommittee on holding in 1872 an Illinois Supreme Court a remarkable one. Ollie was raised in an Constitutional Amendments in May, 1970. decision forbidding women to practice law atmosphere of public service to his Na­ Portions of the testimony leading to the and maintaining in 1874 that the Fourteenth tion, and it was only natural that he equal rights amendment and later reprint­ Amendment did not extend to women citi­ would want to do the same. Certainly no· ed in the Congressional Record detail amply zens the right to vote. the extent of this discrimination. More recent decisions have seen the na­ man was better prepared by background For example, until 1966 three states ex­ to serve in Congress. tion's highest court affirm in 1948 a Michigan cluded women from jury duty altogether law prohibiting females-apart from wives As my colleagues know, both Ollie's and even today women wishing to serve on and daughters of male licensees-from ob­ father and mother were Members of Florida juries must register for the respon­ taining licenses as bartenders and upheld Congress, his mother, the distinguished sibility. in 1967 a Florida statute relieving women of Frances Bolton, having served in Con­ "Equal justice under the law" rings rather jury duty unless they registered to be placed gress tmtil 1969. Also, he was the great hollow, when in one state a woman may be on the list, the reasoning behind these deci­ grandson of another Representative jailed for three years for habitual drunken­ sions being that the laws were "reasonable." ness, although the maximum sentence for The coui·t decided in 1971 in ."Reed vs. from Ohio, Henry B. Payne. the same offense for a man 1s only 30 days. Reed" that a state law favoring men over Ollie's record shows that he lived up Comparable injustices exist in those two women as administrators of estates was un­ to this great legacy. He was a com­ states where a deceived husband may use a constitutional, but it neglected to overrule passionate and dedicated man, and he defense of "passion killing," while a wife in its previous decisions, leaving the burden left his mark on history as did his fore­ the same situation may not. on women to establish the unreasonable na­ bearers. Women also face substantial discrimina­ ture of discriminatory laws. Ollie Bolton was a great friend of mine tion in educational circles, so much so that In the wake of this decision, The Associa­ and I have a deep sense of personal loss. an independent agency told the Department tion of the Bar of the City of New York com­ of Health, Education, and Welfare this year, ment ed, "The 1971 Reed case indicated no To his wife, Adelaide, his two sons and "Discrimination against wOinen, in contrast change in judicial attitude." daughter, and to his mother, the Honor­ to that against minorities, is still overt and Under these circumstances, with the Su­ able Frances Bolton, Mrs. Harvey and I socially acceptable within the academic preme Court refusing to consider sex dis­ extend our deepest sympathies. community." crimination "suspect" of itself, as it does The percentage of college-age females racial discrimination, there is little hope actually enrolled in college underlines the the court will overrule all discriminatory situation. Twenty-nine per cent of the statut es on its own. women between the ages of 18 and 21 and EQUAL RIGHTS AMENDMENT nine per cent of those between 23 and 24 0 were college students in 1970, compared to ERA S E FFECT. , . REALLY A NAGGING QUE ST I ON more than 40 per cent and 20 per cent of (By Bob Yeargin) HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS the males in those respective age groups. (EDITOR'S NOTE : The drafting of women and OF MICHIGAN The reasons for this discrepancy are more the abolition of separate restrooms for men easily traceable when one nms across ad­ and women h ave been raised as possible re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES missions brochures such as the one published sults of the equal rights amendment (ERA). Thursday, February 1, 1973 by a state university in 1969 which stated Congressional testimony behind the amend­ that "admission of women on the freshman ment concedes one possibility and rejects the Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, Bob level will be restricted to those who are other, the second article in the SUN's series Yeargin. staff writer for the Las Vegas especially well qualified." on the ERA reveals today.) Sun, has written a detailed series of arti­ In the 1968-69 school year, more than 50 Behind the debate over the Women's equal cles on the equal rights amendment, per cent of the bachelor's degrees awarded rights amendment (ERA) lingers the nag­ which is now before the Nevada Legisla- in the Unit ed States went to women, but ging question of the amendment's effect. February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3113 Among the more extreme fears voiced in · ' i:n'cluded in the first category would be · AN APPEAL TO THE CONSCIE.NCE this regard is that families will be torn apart those laws concerning rest periods, min.mum OF THE WEST· as the ·mothers a.re drafted. wages, or health and safety safeguards. Yet' the ·amendment reads simply, "Equal­ The principle of expanding or nullifying ity of rights under the law shall not be de­ statutes affected by the equal rights amend­ HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK ment will be exercised with regard to laws nied or abridged by the United States or OF OHIO any State on account of sex." in other fields as well. Not a word about abolishing separate rest­ Off-ending statutes have been extended IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rooms for men and women. in many other situations, among them the Thursday, February 1, 1973 Advocates of the ERA point out that the Supreme Court's action in expanding state amendment merely requires federal, state and laws which restricted admission to institu­ Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, today local governments to deal with inale and fe­ tions of higher education because of race the Senate Subcommittee on Internal male citizens as individuals. to include black students. , Security, chaired by Senator EDWARD The amendment, far from setting quotas Laws prescribing different penalties for GURNEY, of Florida., made public, via an or establishing priorities, simply forbids dis­ men and women committing the same crime open hearing, valuable, current informa­ crimination because of a person's sex in gov­ would be struck down, but statutes "de­ ernmental matters. Private or social rela­ signed to protect women in a way that they tion on the existence of concentration tionships do not fall within the amend­ are uniformly distinct from men,'' such as camps in the Soviet Union. Equipped ment's jurisdiction. those punishing rape, would be unaffected with pictures, documents, and maps, " 'Equality' does not mean 'sameness,' " ob­ by the amendment. Avraham Shifrin, a Russian Jew now serves the House of Representatives' report The ERA would affect state laws on do­ residing in Israel, recounted his experi­ on the ERA. "As a result, the original resolu­ mestic relations in that it would prohibit ences during 10 years-1953 to 1963-as tion would not prohibit reasonable classifi­ states from placing greater demands on one an inmate of various camps throughout cation based on characteristics that are spouse because of sex. unique to one sex." "The support obligation of each spouse the Soviet Union. Contrary to the belief So while laws concerned with payment of would be defined in functional terms based, of some, such camps are very much in hospital expenses of child bearing could con­ for example, on each spouse's earning power, existence today, according to Mr. Shif­ cern only women, statutes dealing with traits current resources and nonmonetary con­ rin's testimony, housing millions of polit­ common to both sexes would apply to all tributions to the family welfare," explains ical prisoners. The number of camps run individuals. a report of the Association of the Bar of the into the thousands and the conditions are The constitutional right to privacy, af­ City of New York. just as bestial as they were in the days of firmed. by the Supreme Court in 1965, per­ The report goes on to indicate that while Stalin. mits separation of the sexes in areas such as the courts would be hesitant to step into toilets and sleeping quarters in public in­ an ongoing marriage, both sexes would re­ Speaking on behalf of all the prisoners, stitutions, adds the House report. ceive more equitable treatment when a mar­ regardless of their nationality or religion, Unnoticed in the uproar over drafting riage is dissolved. Mr. Shifrin, in addition to his own ex­ women is the fact that the amendment will periences before his departure from the allow women volunteering for the armed U.S.S.R. in 1970, provided information forces to meet the same qualifications as men from many different sources inside the rather than the more stringent requirements OLIVER PAYNE BOLTON Soviet Union-ang. even from inside the presently in force for them. Servicewomen will also be able to avail camps-concerning conditions in the So­ themselves fully of the benefits military serv­ viet concentration camps today. ice has offered to men for years, including HON. WILLIAM J. KEATING In his ap.neal to the conscience of the the educational benefits of the G.I. Bill and OF OHIO free world, Mr. Shifrin stated, in the ac­ medical treatment both in the service and curate summary of his testimony dis­ afterward through veterans hospitals. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tributed by the subcommittee: Much opposition to the amendment is Wednesday, January 31, 1973 But the people of the Soviet Union resist, rooted in a fear of the draft, which, ERA they struggle, they are not broken. They re­ supporters concede, would apply equally to Mr. KEATING. Mr. Speaker, I join my colleagues in paying tribute to Oliver fuse to permit the communists to destroy men and women with the amendment's rat­ God's image in their souls, to corrupt ification. Bolton. them and turn them into beasts, or into They point out, though, that the draft Oliver Bolton came from an Ohio fam­ robots.... is being phased out and that a draft would ily where public service was a tradition. That is the reason why I am here today. not be any more all inclusive for women Both his mother and father served in I want to remind you of our responsibility to than it presently is for men. the House and he served simultaneously those who are oppressed. They need our help. Consequently, physically or mentally un­ How can we help them? We can help them in qualified women would not be drafted, nor with his mother the Honorable Frances Bolton. They were the only mother-son . two ways: first, by exposing the · facts; and would conscientious objectors. In addition, second, by voicing our indignation. women with dependents or certain public du­ Representatives to ever serve in the In helping them we shall also be helping ties would be exempt. House at the same time. ourselves. Beyond these obvious examples, notes the He served in the 83d and 84th Con­ Congressional Record, Congress would be gress and then served as director of The summary of the · extemporaneous able to provide "legitimate sex-neutral ex­ commerce for the State of Ohio in 1957. testimony of Avraham Shifrin before the emptions from compulsory service." Representative Bolton was then again Senate Subcommittee on Internal Secu­ Since women already serve in the armed rity today follows: forces, though, there is little question of elected to serve in the 88th Congress. whether men and women can work together As a young man he served with distinc­ SUMMARY OF TESTIMONY BY AVRAHAM SHIFRIN in the various branches of service. tion in the armed forces including serv­ BEFORE THE SENATE SUBCOMMITTEE ON IN­ Also instructive in this regard is the ex­ ice in the Pacific theater during World TERNAL SECURITY, FEBRUARY 1, 1973 perience of Israel, where women are required War II on the staff of C-2 section of 5th (The following statement will not be given to serve but do not fill combat posts, work­ Amphibious Corps. After the war he was by Mr. Shifrin, who will testify extem­ ing instead in communications, nursing, poraneously. However, it does represent an electronics and clerical positions. active in Young Republican activities accurate summary of his testimony, with a Ratification of the equal rights amend­ and was a reporter for the Daily Re­ few of the highlights spelled out in detail.) ment will confirm the benefits women have porter, in Dover, Ohio. Permit me to begin my testimony by say­ gained from protective labor legislation Oliver Bolton was the great grandson ing how honored I am to be given the while removing these laws' restrictive as­ of Representative Henry B. Payne from privilege of speaking here a,bout my experi­ pects, Congressional testimony reveals. ences during the 10 years of my imprison­ Ohio and the son of Chester and Frances ment in Soviet concentration camps and In this respect, America's females have Bolton. nothing to lose, since, as the Equal Employ­ prisons, and about the information I have ment Opportunity Commission has noted, This record of public service to the received from many different sources inside ma.ny of the labor laws "do not take into ac­ Nation he loved is one that can serve as the Soviet Union--and even from inside the count the capabilities, preferences and abil­ a model to all Americans. His family's camps--<:<>ncerning conditions !n the Soviet ities o:f individual females and tend to dis­ tradition of public service gave the concentration camp empire today. criminate rather than protect." I am a proud Zionist. and, of comse, I Those laws containing real benefits will House of Representatives four outstand­ ~m very: deeply concerned with the plight be extended to apply to men as well, the ing leaders. The State of Ohio and in­ of the Jews in the Soviet Union, but as a amendment's sponsors expect, while more re­ deed all Americ.a mourns the passing of human being I feel 'it my duty to speak: strictive statutes will be taken off the books. Oliver Payne Bolton. here on behalf of all the prisoners, regard- 3114 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 less of their nationality or religion. All na­ this map. There simply is no room to stick riot. This incident took place after the pris­ tionalities are represented in the .Soviet in the flags. Around each big Soviet city you oners had stopped their work in the mines concentration camps. In fact, the camps are will find three to five concentration camps. and gone on a hunger strike to protest agains~ the only place in the USSR where there is In Odessa, a city which the tourists love so the unbearable conditions in the camp. And no discrimination. much; there is a huge concentration camp the conditions were such that some prisoners I also want to ask my friends in Soviet with towers and barbed-wire fencing, right in desperation opened their veins, inflicted captivity to forgive me for not mentioning in the center of the town, on Chernomor­ wounds on themselves, swallowed spoons and them all by name here in the Senate of skaya Doroga. nails, drank their own blood and ate their the United States. Hundreds of prisoners Here, for example, is Orsha, a minor provin­ own :flesh. Yes, understand me correctly, their whom I know personally are today on the cial city, not even marked on the map. Yet, own :flesh, driven to a state of delirium by other side of the barbed wire fence. They it is surrounded by six concentration camps. hunger. occupy the same concrete bunks on which Here are their addresses: In the Potma Camp No. 10 I saw a pris­ I used to spend sleepless nights in the camp P.O. Box UZh 15/ 6-"B". oner, Nikolai Shcherbakov, out off his own barracks. They, eat rotten cabbage, and P.O. Box UZh 15/ 2-"V". ears and throw them into the face of the with bare hands they build industrial plants, P.O. Box UZh 15/ 12. camp officer. When I asked him later why he electric power station dams and fell timber P.O. Box UZh 15/ 12-1. did it, he answered: "When I am free some in the wild forests and in the Arctic. P.O. Box UZh 15/ 12-"E". day, I'll tell them of the horrors of our life I was amazed to discover when I left the P .O. Box UZh 15/12-"Zh". here, and they may not believe me. So I'll Soviet Union in 1970 that most people in This is a situation that should be of pro­ show them my earless head and the inscrip­ the free world-even well-informed people­ found concern to the entire free world. It tion tatooed on my forehead: 'Slave of Com­ appear to believe that the massive concentra­ should be of concern, first, on moral and munism.' That should convince them!" tion camp system which existed in Stalin's humanitarian grounds. But beyond this, the The brutality and Sadism of the concen­ day has , for all practical purposes been existence of this massive concentration sys­ tration camp guards-to which I will refer abolished in the U.S.S.R. At the height of tem poses a serious danger to the security of later in my testimony-partly results from the Stalin terror, according to Khrushchev's the Free World. To the extent that the men in the KGB instructions. But in part it is due statement of 1956, there were 15 million the Kremlin are able to repress all dissident to the initiative of officers and soldiers who prisoners in the camps of the U.S.S.R. It opinion and all restraining voices, they are have been completely dehumanized by their is true that aft~r Khrushchev's denuncia­ freer to engage in subversion and blackmail work. When you see a guard crushing the tion of Stalin in 1956 he did order the release and expansion abroad. skull of a dead prisoner or plunging a red­ of many millions of political prisoners-and I feel it to be my moral duty to tell you hot iron into a corpse to ascertain that the this unquestionably does have a good deal about the new wave of arrests in the Soviet man is really dead, then he is following in­ to do with the confusion that exists ir.. the Union, about starvation in concentration structions. But when-as I have seen in free world. I myself sav.· how the camps over camps and prisons, about the mortal danger the wild forest near Lake Baykal-the KGB a period of a few years were emptied of al­ to which sick prisoners-like Silva Zalman­ soldiers tie a naked prisoner to a tree and most half of their population. But I also saw son, Eduard Kuznetsov, and Anatoli Alt­ leave him there to be devoured by swarms in the period immediately following the sup­ man-are exposed there. Remember the con­ of poisonous gnats, they act on their own pression of the Hungarian revolution how ditions under which Yuri Galanskov died initiative, because the government encour­ the camps rapidly filled up again to capacity only a few weeks ago. His friends had ap- , ages them to be brutal and their occupation with soldiers, officers, workers, intellectuals, pealed to the free world time and again. has dehumanized them. but mostly with professors, students, and They warned how gravelly ill Galanskov was, When the prisoners are made to eat rot-: young people. but nobody seemed to have listened to them. ten cabbage, and sleep on concrete bunks 1n Today the concentration camps house far My memories of the camps consist of a cells covered by a thick layer of frost-these fewer people than they did during the peak succession of nightmares. are Moscow instructions. But when the years of Stalin's terror. But the sad fact is­ Today in Soviet concentration camps you guards throw the corpses of dead prisoners and I shall document this in the course of can see hundreds of thousands of women, out on the snow to be devoured by wild my testimony-that there are millions of including mothers with babies. They are beasts in the forest then it is the guards' political prisoners in the concentration being held in special subdivisions. Once in initiative. camps and prisons of the Soviet Union to­ Potma in 1961, I saw some 200 or 250 women All these awful things you can see now, day; that the camps, far from having dis­ with babies in their hands, children scream­ today, in the thousands of concentration appeared, number into the thousands; and ing, women crying, guards cursing, dogs camps and prisons of the Soviet Union. But that the conditions are just as bestial as barking. Revolted and outraged we began to the people in the Soviet Union resist, they they were in the days of Stalin. shout at the guards: "Fascists!" "Murderers!" struggle, they are not broken. They refuse I want to make it clear that I am not There were about three thousands of us. The to permit the communists to destroy God's speaking about 1963, when I was released. guards panicked and began to shoot in the image in their souls, to corrupt them and I am speaking about today. air. And suddenly in the midst of this pan­ turn them into beasts, or into robots. That conditions in Soviet concentration demonium we heard the metallic voice of the Numerous underground groups and move­ camps have changed little since the times radio announcer, amplified by the loud­ ments are springing up all over the Soviet · of Stalin is evidenced by numerous letters speakers: "Citizens, rejoice, the Soviet Union Union. Many hundreds of freedom fighters received by Alexander Solzhenitsyn after the has scored another great victory: a rocket have been arrested, and sent to jails and publication of his novel One Day In The Life with Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on board has concentration camps for up to 15 years. We Of Ivan Denissovich. Excerpts from these been launched into space!" must remember the names of these heroes: letters were released by Solzhenitsyn and Thousands and thousands of men and The civil rights movement in the Soviet published in the collection of his works (v. women languish in concentration camps be­ Union goes back to before the Hungarian 5, Possev, West Germany, 1969). In general, cause of their faith in God. The Communists revolution of 1956. Among the early heroes of these letters said that conditions were very want to destroy all confessional groups, all this resistance, I note particularly the much the same, or that they were even worse religions. I wish to remind you of such mar­ names of Eduard Kouznetsov, Ilbya Bok­ than those described by Solzhenitsyn. tyrs as Boris Talantov, Anatoly Krasnov-Levi­ shtein, Igor Avdeev, Viktor Khaustov, and A group of prisoners of the Ust-Nera camp, tin, Schelkov, and thousands of other name­ Yuri Osipov. They began their resistance with for example, wrote: "Our conditions now less victims-Christians, Jews and Moslems. the public readings of poetry in Mayakowsky are much worse (worse than those described The believers cannot pray, they are denied Square. First they read the poems of Maya­ in your novel). We are not being beaten, but the-opportunity to observe religious holidays. kowsky. Then they began to read some of soldiers say that we should all be done away The guards deride them, molest them, arid their own poetry that contained criticisms with. Where does such hatred come from in throw them into punitive cells whenever they of the Soviet regime. Then Bokshtein one boys 18-20 years old? They are obviously catch them praying. In the Tayshet Camp day climbed up on the statute of Mayakow­ being incited ... In December 1962 [when No. 10 in Siberia, I have witnessed the fol­ sky and delivered a passionate oration the novel was published) out of a total of lowing scene. One Sunday the guards decided against Soviet tyranny. A battle ensued with 300 prisoners in our zone, 190 of us were to break up a prayer meeting of Russian the secret police, and scores of those who suffering from scurvy." Orthodox nuns, so they ordered them to go . took part in the demonstration were ar­ Here you see a map of the USSR. The red to the shower-room to wash. The nuns asked rested and imprisoned. flags stand for concentration camps. The blue that they be permitted to take their baths on Since that time there have been many flags indicate entire complexes of camps. Monday, because they did not wish to violate similar public protests in the Soviet Union­ There may be a hundred camps or more in their Sabbath, but the guards refused. Tliey some of them inspired by the suppression of a single complex, each camp housing 2,000 tore the clothes off the women, and dragged the Hungarian Revolution, some of them in­ to 5,000 prisoners. There are millions of them, naked, by their legs through the snow spired by the d·esire for more freedom and prisoners in Soviet punitive institutions to­ to the shower. hatred of the regime of oppression, some of day. In Moscow alone, tourists, could find 27 In the concentration camp of Kenigirin/ them inspired at least in part by the re­ huge prisons, had they made an effort to see Kazakhstan about 500 women were run over curring food shortages. In every cast the them instead of the "Swan Lake" in the by tanks, when they formed a line in order answer of the regime has been more ar­ Bolshoi Theater Ballet. to protect the male prisoners whom the rests and more repression. Over the past 16 I am unable to show you all the camps on guards were trying to punish for staging a or 17 years in the Soviet Union there have February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3115 oeen riots and even major clashes in a whole they can seize power in your country. And postmarked on Sept. 18," Rogers said. "It was series of Soviet cities, including Ryazan, don't think that I am spreading panic. Re­ mailed from Palm Beach. These two cities Timyr Tau, Krasnodar, Vl.adivostok and member that there was a time when there are separated by a lake which is at most a Novocherkask. Only half a year ago there was no Communism in Eastern Europe or in half mile wide. was a major riot in which many people were Cuba, and the red fiags were not exposed so "Yet this man's letter was not received killed in the city of Dnieproddherzinsk, on boldly in France and Italy. In the Soviet until Dec. 15 . . . three days short of three the river Dnieper. Union Communists try to eradicate all dis­ months. This may be an extreme case, but Intellectuals like Ga.lanskov and Ginzburg sidents, all democratic elements. They lock there are many cases which run into weeks." tried dwing this period to publish an under­ people up only because they dare to think. Rogers said he has heard from many postal ground magazine. The Samizdat movement All this spells danger to you: The more they employes who all are disenchanted by the became nationwide-thousands of people consolidate their power internally, the great­ new postal service setup. "They claim the participating in the laborious copying of doc­ er is the threat to the free countries. cutbacks have increased the problems," he uments of opposition. The Chronicle of Cur­ That is the reason why I am here today. said. rent Events, chief of the Samizdat publica­ ·I want to remind you of our responsibility to A thorough investigation will help deter­ tions, began to come out on a regular basis­ those who are oppressed. They need our help. mine if the cutbacks should be blamed or if and despite frantic efforts on the part of How can we help them? We can help them it's simply poor management. the regime it continues to come out until in two ways: first, by exposing the !acts; and Rogers, in calling for the probe, hit on this day. A Jewish underground chronicle, second, by voicing our indignation. one key item. "There is one thing which Exodus, also began to appear on a regular In helping them we shall also be helpiug seems to have been forgotten by the new basis. Entire books, like Marchenko's "My ourselves. postal officials and that's service. We had Testimony," were circulated in Samizdat hoped that the new postal service could pay form. its own way if it were operated as a corpo­ There were many casualties in this unre­ POOR QUALITY OF POSTAL ration. But first and foremost, the postal lenting battle for freedom-men and women SERVICE system should and must be a. service to the whose names are justly honored throughout American people." the world. Among the best known of these martyrs for freedom were Sinyavsky and Daniel, Pa.vi Litvinov, Genera.I Grigorenko, HON. PAUL G. ROGERS Anatoli Marchenko, Victor Krasnov and Vic­ OF FLORIDA HON. OLIVER P. BOLTON tor Feinberg. All of these men are still in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES prison. I would like to pay special tribute here Wednesday, January 24, 1973 Hon. PETER H. B. FRELINGHUYSEN to two young men who have paid an in­ OF NEW JERSEY . credibly high price for their defiance of Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, I have re­ the Soviet regime-Pyotr Yakir, the son of a cently requested that the Post Office and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Jewish Genera.I who was executed by Stalin, Civil Se1·vice Committee and the General Wednesday, January 31, 1973 and Yuri Shoukhevich, the son of a Ukraini­ Accounting Office conduct an in-depth an insurgent General who was also executed investigation of the U.S. Postal Service. Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Speaker, by Stalin. Both of these, remarkably enough, Correspondence reaching my office has it is with considerable sadness that I rise were first sent to the concentration camps indicated that not only is the American to make a few comments on the passing at the age of 14 as sons of the "enemies of public losing confidence in the mails, of my longtime friend, Oliver Bolton. the people;" both were released after serving but, in fact, the deteriorating service Those of us who knew him during his 20 years; both resumed the battle for free­ years of service here in this body can at­ dom immediately on their release. And both is already having damaging effects on are now back in prison. business. I have received letters from test to his value, both to his district and I must also say a few words about Vladi­ all over the country describing overdrawn our country, as a legislator. He was in­ mir Bukovsky. He was one of the initiators and canceled accounts due to the delay telligent, conscientious, and quick witted. of the Russian democratic opposition. Out of payments in the mails. The point has He was keenly interested in his job and of 30 years of his life, 9 were spent in psychi­ already been reached when anyone doing also in the world around him. By fully atric prisons and concentration camps. In business with a deadline is hesitant to using his many talents, he ably and vig­ January 1972 he was sentenced to a total use the mails, and with good reason. orously carried on the enviable tradition of 12 years for having sent to the West a of service exemplified by both his father collection of documents concerning the con­ A recent article in the Boca Raton finement of healthy dissenters to special psy­ News spoke of this problem, and I insert and mother. His retirement from the chiatric institutions. These documents to­ it in the RECORD at this point: Washington scene left us the poorer. gether with other materials were released by ROGERS PuTS ON GLOVES It is not only, however, of Ol's legisla­ tive accomplishments that I wish to this Subcommittee on December 4, 1972. Eleventh District Congressman Paul Ro­ Igor Ogurtsov, Mikhail Sa.do, Yevgeni Va.­ gers has done what thousands of U.S. citi­ speak, Mr. Speaker, though these were gin, and Boris Averochkin, leaders of the zens wish they could do ... he has "put on substantial. I should like to comment on All-Russian Social-Christian Union for the the gloves" and invited the U.S. Postal Serv­ the manifold contributions which he Liberation of the People, and some sixty of ice to Join him in the ring. made here on Capitol Hill, and also i:O: their followers were arrested in Leningrad, Rogers, this week, has requested an in­ his private life, because of the rare na­ Tomsk, Irkutsk, Petrozavodsk, and other vestigation of the U.S. Postal Service, claim­ cities, because their patriotic appeal for the t.ure of his personality. Among Demo­ revival of Russia's spiritual and religious ing the deteriorating condition of service is c.. ·ats and Republicans alike, he was an values did not fit into the pattern of the adversely affecting business and commerce. admired and popular individual. His was Communist-sponsored in the Red Army be­ He is asking the House Post Office and Civil Service Committee and the General Ac­ a happy, zestful nature. It was impossi­ cause in his heart he felt himself a citizen ble not to be affected by his enthusiasm of Israel. He got a three year sentence. A counting Office to ramrod the investigation. three year sentence was also imposed on Rogers' local constituents, who are dis­ and love of life. He was interested in Vladimir MARKMAN just for a few telephone turbed by the poor service offered by their people as well as problems. During his conversations with friends in Israel. But all Post Offices should not now stand idly by. years of public service he was unques­ this does not intimidate the Soviet Jews. I They should take the time to write Rogers at tionably a lively source for good. wish to mention here the names of such his Washington, D.C., office (Congressman Ol's passing, we recognize, should not heroes as Eduard Kuznetsov, Silva Zalman­ Paul Rogers, U.S. House of Representatives, have come as a complete surprise because son, Ana.toll Altman, and their friends who Washington, D.C. 20515) and provide him with documented examples of poor service he was not in robust health. Nonetheless, tried to fly secretly to Israel because the gov­ his passing comes as a real shock. Be­ ernment of tyrants stubbornly refused to they have encountered in recent months. permit them to emigrate legally. Today they Such material should be beneficial in sub­ cause of his unceasing vitality and his languish in the Potma concentration camp stantiating Rogers' claim that an investiga­ positive attitude toward his personal No. 10-the most horrible of all in the So­ tion is needed and it also should be solid problems, he created in us all the feeling viet Union-locked up for 15 years. evidence once the investigation is approved that he would prevail over any weakness. And now let me voice a note of warning. and started. Now that he has gone, and gone so sud­ Rogers, in demanding the investigation, The cancer of Communism has now spread mentioned several examples of poor service, denly, we realize even more vividly how over half of Europe, China, Cuba and parts including one constituent's letter which took indomitable was his spirit. of Africa. The Communists try to destroy nearly three months to travel less than a To his mother, whom many of us also your society with the help of all those radical half mile. know and love, to his beloved wife, and groups. They deceive your youth with prop­ "A constituent wrote to me at my west to his children, we extend our con­ aganda, they try to demoralize you so that Palm Beach office. The letter was written and dolences. 3116 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 JOHN·A. VOLPE-AN OUTSTANDING By way of further tribute to this out­ with the Navy's Civil Engineer Corps (Sea­ . SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION standing public servant and fine man, bees). He left the Navy with the rank of as he embarks on his latest assignment Lieutenant Commander and returned to as our Ambassador to Italy, I include at building schools, hospitals and office ·build­ HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN this point his official biography: ings. The Volpe firtn soon established a na­ OF CALIFORNIA tional reputation for construction excellence. THE HONORABLE JOHN ANTHONY VOLPE, SEC• Volpe first entered politics as Deputy JN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES RETARY OF TRANSPORTATION Chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Thursday, February 1, 1973 John Anthony Volpe was appointed the State Committee in 1950. In 1953, he received Nation's second Secretary of Transportation his first major public appointment: Massa­ Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, I by President Richard Nixon and was sworn chusetts Commissioner of Public Works. rise on this occasion to pay tribute to a in on January 20, 1969. He was serving his From there he served in 1956-57 as the first standout figure of this administration­ third term as Governor of Massachusetts Federal Hi~llway Administrator, and was the HonorabI.:, John A. Volpe, our out­ when the President asked him to be a mem­ elected Governor of Massachusetts in 1960 going Secretary of Transportation. ber of his Cabinet. for a two-year term. Losing by a narrow mar­ As a member of the Committee on He was the Massachusetts Commissioner gin in 1962, Volpe came back and was re­ Interstate and. Foreign Commerce, I had of Public Works for almost four years, just turned to office in 1964. In 1966, he was re­ the pleasure of working closely with prior to his appointment by President Eisen­ elected Governor for the first four-year term hower as the Nation's first Federal Highway in the State's history by the largest margin Secretary Volpe on a number of projects. Administrator to launch the interstate high­ ever accorded a Massachusetts gubernatorial I have come to respect him both for his way· system. candidate-over a half million votes. ability to get things .done and for his The Secretary brought to the Department Throughout his career, Secretary Volpe has vision of a genuinely balanced trans­ his ability as an organizer and his reputation been the recipient of many honors. He has re­ portation system to help bind and unite for getting things done, which have resulted ceived 21 honorary degrees from colleges and our Nation and all its disparate parts. in a more unified and coordinated Depart­ universities across the nation. He is a past ment of Transportation. Since Secretary chairman of the National Governors' Con­ In an administration regarded by ference and past president of the Council ot some of its ~terner critics as gray and Volpe took office, new channels of communi­ cation and cooperation between the operat­ State Governments. Volpe is a past president faceless, Secretary Volpe has been con­ ing administrations have been created in of the Associated General Contractors of spicuously his own man-sure of his con­ response to his call for an overall balanced America and the Society of American Mili­ victions and with the strength and deter­ transportation system, which is essential to tary Engineers and the Greater Boston mination to act on them. On occasion, as the basic fabric of the ~merican economy. Chamber of Commerce. at last spring's opening against heavy A ware of his responsibility to the citizens The Secretary is the recipient of the higt1- odds of the Transpo exposition, he has he serves, Secretary Volpe has guided the est honor of the Order of Merit of the Italian even given vent to a public display of Department toward a new emphasis on en­ Republic-the Knight of the Great Cross. vironment. One of his first actions was to He has been Knighted by the Vatican both emotion. The usual prim bureaucrat as a Knight of Malta and as a Knight Com­ would keep his feelings to himself, of create the post of Assistant Secretary for mander in the Order of the Holy Sepulcher. course, but for Mr. Volpe, such openness Environment and Urban Systems to coordi­ Secretary Volpe is married to the former contributes to the empathy he has en­ nate transportation progress with its en­ Jennie Benedetto. They have a son, a daugh­ vironmental effects. Among the significant ter, and four grandchildren. joined in his relationships with most decisions made by the Secretary to prevent Members of Congress, and official Wash­ urban and environmental damage include ington generally. those to cease construction of the Miami­ Always a doer, he has compiled an Dade Jetport in Florida to protect the Ever­ impressive line of credits for his 4 years glades National Park and to route an inter­ THE HARTFORD FLORIDIAN SO­ in Washington. Amtrak, the effort to state highway around New Orleans' famed CIETY-50 YEARS OF SERVICE French Quarter and around the scenic Fran­ revive passenger train service in the conia Notch in New Hampshire's White United States, owes its inspiration to Mr. Mountains. Volpe. It was he who first proposed Am­ Secretary Volpe i~ an outspoken advocate HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER trak, and then waited for the rest of the of highway safety and won Congressional OF CONNECTICUT administration-in a few notable cases approval to establish the National Highway IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a bit reluctantly-to fall into line behind Traffi.'C Safety Administration as an operating the plan. agency to replace the National Highway Thursday, February 1, 1973 Last fall, as most of us will recall, Mr. Safety Bureau. He is also instituting a new alcohol counter-measures program; estab­ Mr. COTTER. Mr. Speaker, 50 years Volpe labored valiantly for an amend­ lishing new standards for motor vehicles ago, a group of 60 people of Italian de­ ment to permit some diversion of high­ to prevent accidents; and initiating the de­ scent formed an organization. This orga­ way trust funds for transit if that were velopment of an experimental safety vehicle. nization, which was the first of its kind in desired by the local governments imme­ In all areas, the · Secretary has emphasized Hartford County, was designed to aid diately concerned. safety as one of the Department's primary Italian immigrants in establishing a life That effort failed, but through no fault concerns. in America by assisting them in times of of Secretary Volpe, who personally mus­ The Secretary also has many legislative financial need. tered dozens of votes for his fine cause. victories to his credit: the Airport and Air­ This organization assists members of A high and mighty type of Cabinet offi­ ways Development/Revenue Act of 1970; the Urban Mass Transportation Assistance Act the Floridian Society who become widow­ cial might have been content to languish of 1970; the Rail Passenger Service Act of ers and orphans. The Society also helps in his office, leaving the hard work of 1970; the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1970; other citizens who are unable to cope rounding up support to his subordinates. the Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970; and with medical expenses, and also aids But Secretary Volpe was too close to the the St. Lawrence Seaway Legislation. other philanthropic and charitable activ­ action himself, too personally involved, Born on December 8, 1908 in Wakefield, ities. to delegate that sort of responsibility. Massachusetts, as one of six children of Ital­ The Floridian Society is not restricted Even the lowly bicycle has benefited ian immigrant parents, John Volpe's per­ to the Hartford area, but has a member· sonal history reflects the Horatio Alger suc­ from Secretary Volpe. He has taken the cess story of the self-made man. ship which stretches nationwide. Recent national lead in promoting the pollution­ At the age of 12, Volpe went to work for figures show that the original member­ free bike as an alternative to the auto­ his father as a hod carrier and then as a ship has been augmented by over 500 mobile, setting an example by pedaling plasterer's apprentice. After graduating from new members. himself and encouraging his top execu­ high school, he worked for his father full­ On February 10, 1973, this organiza­ tives to do the same. time and attended Boston's Wentworth Insti­ tion, which has begun under the auspices We frankly could use a good number tute evenings. Two years later, he gave up his of Angelo Alasso, will celebrate its 50th of officials at all levels and in all branches work as a plasterer, returned to the Went­ anniversary. Other distinguished found­ worth Institute full-time, and graduated in ers are: Salvatore Bassano, the late of government who are as dedicated as 1930. He majored in architectural construc­ Secretary Volpe to getting on with the tion. In 1933, he cashed a $300 insurance pol­ Eniazo Gallo, Sarino Metera, and Mr. job, no· matter how chailenging or for-· icy, borrowed an additional $200, and started Paul Giann, who is still an active mem­ bidding. his own construction business in Massachu­ ber of the Floridian Society. John Volpe's life has been a continu­ setts. . The anniversary will be marked by a ous success story, of which his Wash­ During World War II, Volpe closed his dinner at Valle's Steak House in Hart­ ington service is but the latest chapter. construction firm and volunteered for duty ford. Mr. Paul Privatera and Mr. Arthur February 1, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3117 Spada will be the cotoastmasters of this Avondale. and Mr. Edwin Hartzman. commerce. They open up new vistas of co­ president, and the thousands of employ­ ordinated transportation on both land and affair. sea, offering inland shippers quicker access I know that my colleagues will join ees of the shipyard for their work in to world markets, lower costs in loading and with me in recognizing this worthwhile constructing the impressive Delta Mar. unloading, safer carriage, and greater versa­ organization. The sidewise launching of the vast ship tility. I am sure I speak for all of the Mem­ into the Mississippi River provided one bers of the Committee-and, in fact, for all of the most thrilling spectacles of Amer­ Membe1·s of Congress-when I say that this ican industry. great ship, the Delta Mar, largest LASH ship LAUNCfilNG OF S.S. "DELTA MAR,'1 A modest gentleman present at the ever built anywhere, gives us great pride and LARGEST LASH SHIP EVER BUILT renewed faith in the future of American launching, Mr. Jerome L. Goldman, Flag shipping. president of Friede & Goldman. Inc., And if we can revive and strengthen our New Orleans naval architectural firm, Merchant Marine, we know it will mean a HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN was identified as the designer of the strengthening of the entire economy of the OF MISSOURI Delta Mar as the largest LASH vessel United States-more jobs at good American IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ever built. According to the New Orleans wage rates, more profits for American indus­ Times-Picayune of January 28, however, try to provide the solid base on which our Monday, January 29, 1973 entire economy can expand and prosper, a the whole idea for LASH ships, equipped better balance-of-payments situation and a Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, it was to lift and stow fully loaded liver and new sense of confidence in the reliability of my great privilege and pleasure on Sat­ harbor barges aboard ocean vessels was American Flag ships in meeting schedules on urday. January 27, to be present at the brainchild of Mr. Goldman "who time and thus winning back some of the Avondale Shipyard in New Orleans for spent 17 years developing the system business we have lost to foreign flag ships the launching of the largest lighter­ from drawing board to maiden voyage of manned by citizens of other countries for aboard-ship-LASH-vessel constructed the first LASH vessel." the benefit of the economies of other coun­ anywhere in the world, and to christen tries. As a St. Louisan, I see great potential REMARKS IN CHRISTENING THE "DELTA MAR" for my own city's conunerce in this event. this remarkable ship the S.S. Delta Mar. Following a blessing of the ship and a It is a special thrill ior me to have the great The first ship to be contracted for un­ prayer for those who will man the Delta privilege of sponsoring the Delta Mar. I con­ der the Merchant Marine Act of 1970, Mar by the Reverend Joseph Thomas gratulate Captain Olark and the Delta the Delta Mar is 893 feet 4 inches long, Donnelly, S.J.• chaplain of the Port of Steamship Company for their vision in mak­ the equivalent of three football fields. and New Orleans Catholic Maritime Club, ing this launching possible, and I thank will hold 74 fully loaded 61 by 31-foot and remarks by Mr. Hartzman. Captain them deeply for affording me this opportu­ lighters, or barges, of 300 tons capacity nity to speak the words which will soon start Clark, Assistant Secretary Blackwell, and the Delta Mar down the ways and toward her each, along with 288 standard contain­ Mr. Carter. and a greeting from Mrs. promising destiny. ers. Without the barges on board, it can Hale Boggs whom all of us in Congress carry 1,740 containers. It is one of three hold dear, it was my privilege to make Following my remarks, and accompa­ sister ships under construction at Avon­ a few remarks before christening the nied by the !Ionorable EdnaF. Kelly, for­ dale for the Delta Steamship Lines for Delta Mar, as follows: mer Member of Congress who served as use on South American trade routes. the sponsor's matron of honor, I then REMARKS BY CONGRESSWOMAN LEONOR K. As chairman of the House Committee SULLIVAN, DEMOCRAT, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, had the pleasure of naming the ship on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, I am AT LAUNCHING OF "DELTA MAR," AVONDALE, and sending it rushing into the water deeply gratified by the confidence these LA., SATURDAY, JANUARY 27, 1973 with the splash of champagne on its ships reflect in the futw·e of the Ameri­ Although my role here today is largely a prow. A ship launching is always a thrill­ can-flag merchant marine. now strug­ ceremonial one-a privileged role accorded ing event. This one had particular signif­ gling to recover some of the vast ground only to women at one of the most thrilling icance to me. lost by American ships over the years events which can occur in American industry, ADDRESS BY ASSISTANT SECRETARY BLACKWELL the launching of a ship-it is impossible for since World War II to foreign-flag com­ Mr. Speaker. I now include the re­ petition. me as a lv.Iember of Congress deeply involved in maritime legislative issues to separate the marks of Assistant Secretary of Com­ The Delta Mar and other LASH ves­ ceremonial from the national implications of merce for Maritime Affairs Robert J. sels can contribute greatly to this objec­ this event. Blackwell at the launching of the Delta tive by lowering operating costs, reducing When the magic moment arrives for me to Mar, as follows: Delta Mar the time for loading and unloading to christen the S.S. and transform a REMARKS BY ROBERT J, BLACKWELL, AssIST­ hours instead of days, providing more hull into a ship with the crash of a cham· ANT SECRETARY OF COMMERCE FOR MARITIME versatility in cargo mix, and affording pagne bottle, my thoughts will be those of any woman sponsoring a ship-I will be AFFAms, AT THE LAUNCHING OF DELTA more protection against damage and loss. STEAMSHIP LINE'S S.S. "DELTA MAR," NEW thinking of, and praying for, the officers and ORLEANS, LA., JANUARY 27, 1973 NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NEW SHIPS crew who will operate the Delta Mar in the The significance to ow· merchant ma­ years ahead, whose lives will be entrusted to It is a great privilege to be with you to­ rine of the launching of the Delta Mar the workmanship of the shipyard workers day to witness the launching of this splen­ was underscored by Assistant Secretary here at Avondale and to their own skill in did ship poised on the launching ways before seamanship; I will be thinking of the stormy us. of Commerce for Maritime Affairs Rob­ days ahead in turbulent seas and the beau­ At the very outset of my remarks, I would ert J. Blackwell's insistence upon going tiful tranquility of a sea voyage under fair like to commend Captain Clark on his selec­ to New Orleans to make the principal skies and bright sun; I will be thinking of tion of Congresswoman Leonor K. Sullivan address in person, rather than have his the solitude of long ocean voyages and the as the sponsor of the S.S. Delta Mar, the first prepared remarks read for him by a sur- excitement of entering bustling ports. of three LASH vessels being built here at 1·ogate speaker, despite a broken foot But in these moments before the signal is Avondale for the Delta Steamship Line. Mrs. requiring the use of crutches. I include given to launch, let me mention some of the Sullivan, who represents the Third District less romantic but profoundly important as­ of Missouri centered in St. Louis, has been the text of the Assistant Secretary's ad­ pects of this launching which occur to me a prominent member of the House Merchant dress at the conclusion of my remarks. on this occasion. Speaking as the Chairman Marine and Fisheries Committee since her While he and I might disagree over some of the House Committee on Merchant Ma .. election to the Congress 20 years ago. Earlier of the political implications of his talk, rine and Fisheries, where the legislation this week she was appointed Chairman of there is no disagreement between us on originated which made possible the construc­ this important committee and, in this role, the importance of the Delta Mar and its tion and operation of this unusual and versa­ will greatly influence the future course and sister innovative ships. tile new instrument of American corrunerce, destiny of the American :..rerchant Marine. I am deeply in1pressed by the industrial imag­ Hr..ving given so much of her time and INDUSTRIAL STATESMANSHIP IN DEVELOPING energy over the years in grapllng with the LASH SHIPS ination and statesmanship which are bring­ ing the Delta Mar and its two sister ships problems of our maritime industry and deal­ I congratulate Capt. J. W. Clark, pres­ ing with the multitude of legislative pro­ into the important South American trade posals to foster the industry's growth, I know ident of Delta Steamship Lines, Inc., and routes, and by what they mean for the future Mr. F. Evans Farwell. chairman of the of no one more qualified or deserving to of the American Flag Merchant Marine. christen the newest addition to the American board. and their associates for Delta's These huge lighter-aboard-ship vessels Merchant Marine. industrial statesmanship in developing 1nean that American shipping will be able 'While the participation of Mrs. Sullivan in this huge class of LASH ships; and also to compete more effectively for cargoes in this christening ceremony makes the launch­ Mr. H. Zac Carter. board chairman of the bitterly competitive world of maritime L,g pnrticularly noteworthy, there are a 3118 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Febr-ua1"y 1, 1973 number of other factors that add to the sig- 1970 Act. These contracts comprise the con­ year made. During those same three years nificance of this occasion. · · · struction of 37 new ships and the conversion the subsidy cost per ton of liner cargo car"" The ·ss Delta Mar the first ship contracted of 16 e1xisting conventional freighters into ried dropped by 19 percent. for under President Nixon's maritime pro­ highly efficient container.ships. This surge It also should be noted that the LNG gram which is embodied in the Merchant of orders has provided the American ship­ ships and very large crude carriers being Marine Act of 1970. As such, it is the fore­ building industry with its largest peacetime built under the program, because of their effi­ runner of a large number of merchant ships backlog of commercial orders in history. ciency and high productivity, will be operated of highly advanced and productive designs Another objective of the Nixon maritime without subsidies. that will be built under this program. program was to encourage the American ship­ The Delta Mar and the other vessels beinf: For its proud owner, Delta Steamship Line, yards to upgrade their facilities with tech­ built under the program will greatly enhane<, the Delta Mar and her two sister ships nologically advanced equipment to improve the competitive position of the American under construction nearby, attest to the con­ their productivity and thereby reduce their :flag fleet on the world's trade routes. fidence that Delta has in its maritime future need for federal assistance. During the pa.st Delta's new LASH vessels are particularly and add continuity to its tradition of con­ years domestic shipyards have been expend­ well-suited for the company's trade routes sistently upgrading its fleet with new and ing about $100 million per year for plant serving the East Coast of South America and more efficient ships to improve services to modernization and capital improvements. the Caribbean. Each of these 893-foot ships­ shippers. These efforts have helped the yards to in­ the largest LASH ships ever built-will carry To the management and workers of Avon­ crease their efficiency and meet the reduced 74 barges measuring 61 feet long by 31 feet dale Shipyards, this occasion marks an im­ subsidy guidelines prescribed by the 1970 Act. wide and 13 feet deep. In addition they will portant junctm·e in the outstanding series Prior to the Act the government was em­ accomodate 288 containers of the standard construction program the yard initiated back powered to subsidize up to 55 percent of the 20-foot size. in 1969 when it laid the keel for the first of cost of building a merchant ship. However, In operation, the LASH ship serves as a 11 LASH vessels ordered by Prudential Grace this subsidy ceiling was reduced to 45 percent mother ship quickly discharging and loading and Pacific Far East Line. The Delta Mar is when the new law was enacted in the fall of her barges without need of shoreside cargo­ the lead ship of a second flight of nine LASH 1970. In each successive fiscal year the sub­ handling facilities. This self-sufficiency and ships contracted by Delta, Central Gulf Lines sidy guidelines were reduced an additional the ability to discharge and load away from and Waterman Steamship Corporation. The 2 percentage points, and currently stand at congested terminals is particularly advan­ 20 LASH ships ordered to date from Avondale 41 percent. Further reductions are called for tageous, since many South American ter­ represent the largest series production run until a 35 percent subsidy level is reached in minals lack the cargo handling equipment of standardized merchant ships awarded to fiscal year 1976. and the channel depths to permit efficient an American yard since World War II. This All of the contracts covering the 37 new transfer of cargoes. is an outstanding accomplishment, one in ships and 16 conversions awarded under the In summary we have made good progress which the Avondale team can be justifiably 1970 Act to date have met the reduced sub­ in the litte more than two years that the proud. sidy guidelines. And, I would emphasize that 1970 Act has been on the books. But we still The LASH program is mor umental. More the taxpayer, not the shipowners, has lbeen have a long way to go before the success of than half a billion dollars have been invested the beneficiary of the attendant cost savings. the program is assured. in LASH ships and barges, of which 235 mil­ Concurrent with the productivity gains We will continue to work toward rebuild­ lion dollars were funded by the U.S. Govern­ that are being achieved by the shipyards, ing our merchant marine in a manner that ment. efforts have been made to improve the prod­ is beneficial to the nation and compatible Thus, our government has a vital interest uctivity of our fleet and reduce the level with the taxpayer's interests. in working with all principals involved, with, of ship operating subsidies. In this con­ The launching of this ship today meas­ or who could affect the success of, LASH nection, the 1970 Act instituted a wage-index urably advances us towards that obective. operations-shippers, longshore labor, both system whereby the escalation of the wages I believe that the time has now come to here and abroad, and the governments of our of seafarers to be subsidizalble must not ex­ permit our sponsor, Mrs. Sullivan, to proceed trading partners. It is our objective to ensure ceed an average of the wa.ge gains of a broad with her important task. that these ships are not encumbered by any cross-section of workers in American indus­ discriminatory restraints that could jeopard­ tries. ize the success of their operations. For these Additionally, all of the new ships being vessels represent a technological break­ built under the maritime program will have THREAT TO FREEDOM through which will bring increased trade and greatly reduced crew sizes, which will fur:. economic benefits to the nations they serve. ther reduce the level of ship operating sub­ Mrs. Sullivan, our sponsor today, in a sidies. Thus, for example, while the older HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD speech made in Washington, D.C. to a mari­ conventional ships carry crews of 40 to 50 time audience earlier this week, stressed that men, the ships ordered under the 1970 Act OF PENNSYLVANIA the industry must show that the fede1·a1 sup­ will have crews of only 26 to 32 men. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Delta Mar will have a. 82-man crew as com­ port it receives is justified in terms of the Thursday, February 1. 1973 benefits that accrue to the nation. In her pared to 38-men crews a.board the earlier words, the industry must demonstrate that LASH ships delivered by Avondale. Mr. MOORHEAD of Pennsylvania. what is good for the American merchant Another important development that bodes Mr. Speaker, an ominous event took place is good for the country ... and ensure that well for the maritime industry is the entry yesterday in the Nation's Capital. A news the American taxpayer, the largest single in­ of American shipbuilders and ship operators repo1'ter, while in the course of covering vestor in our merchant marine, gets a fair into the liquefied natural gas (LNG) market. return from his investment. Last year two domestic shipyards each re­ a story, was arrested by the FBI and I fully agree with her view. That is a fair ceived construction contracts for three of hauled off in handcuffs to the lockup test for any federal assistance program. In these specialized ships which carry their at the U.S. courthouse for 5 hours. I fact, President Nixon, back in 1969 when he cargoes at a temperature of minus 260 de­ cannot at the moment think of anything restructured and renovated this nation's fed­ grees Fahrenheit. Because our yards have more chilling on freedom of the press in eral maritime policies to revitalize the Amer­ considerable experience in building complex this country. When is this harassment of ican merchant marine, incorporated this ships, and their access to the unmatched the press going to stop? same philosophy in his maritime program. expertise of American cryogenic systems His program contains a number of provisions manufacturers, the subsidy rates required. These and other actions of the Federal to ensure that the shipyards and ship opera­ for these six ships are less than 25 percent-­ Gove1nment-such as the attempt at tors, who are the beneficiaries of federal as contrasted to the 41 percent subsidy that prior restraint aimed at several news­ assistance, return far greater dividends currently prevails for other types of vessels. papers a year or so ago and which was to the taxpayers than they did under pre­ We believe that with sufficient contracts struck down by the Supreme Court-­ vious maritime policies. U.S. yards will be able to go into series seem to be more at home in a totalitarian The Merchant Marine Act of 1970 was en­ production of LNG vessels and substantially country rather than the United States of acted into law less than 27 months ago. I reduce their unit costs to the point that no America. think that the accomplishments and progress construction subsidies would be required. to date in implementing the President's pro­ Such a development would put American This constant chipping away at the gram demonstrate that American shipbuild­ yards in a position to build ships for export. first amendment has got to halt. What ers and ship operators have responded affirm­ Even though the new ships generated by reporter is going to look at any Govern­ atively and effectively to the challenges and the 1970 Act, such as the Delta Mar, are only ment document which might embarrass opportunities of the President's maritime starting to come off the ways, the retirement the Government if he faces the threat program. of obsolete and inefficient ships from our of arrest, fines, and possible imprison­ Let me cite a few indicators of the prog­ fleet during the past few years is having a ment? ress ma.de to date in fulfilling the program's profound effect on the composition of our I, for one Member of Congress, intend objectives: fleet and on our operating subsidy program. More than $1.7 billio.u in federally assisted Three yea.rs ago 37 .5 percent of the ships to speak out on this muzzling of the press ship'building contracts have been awarded in our subsidized fleet were over 20 yea.rs at every opportlJility. Indeed, Congress to domestic shipyards since ena-0tment of the of age. Today only 21 percent exceed the 20 itself should act now in every way pos- February l, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3119 sible to strengthen the cQnstitutional ing this honest infor1nation lies with the and easy identification. This is now difficult guarantee -which distinguishes a free consUiner. because hundreds o{ private lab.el$ a.nd pri­ If ,accurate infor1nation appears to be vate brand products on the market do not country fro1n a dictatorship. bear this information. (BQn Viva.nt Vichys­ a thin reed when ranged against the soise was packed under more than 30 dif­ combined forces of incomprehensible ferent private labels without Bon Vivant's technology, Madison Avenue salesman­ na.me ever appearing on one of them-a. fact COTTER ON CONSUMER ship, and inco1nprehensible and self­ which hindered tha.t extensive recall.) Sec­ LEGISLATION serving statements, it is a necessary step ondly, it would aid consumers in selecting forward. products because they would know who really Therefore, I ain introducing a series of made the product under the private label. 12 bills, with a number of InY colleagues, Private label products often tend to. Qe priced HON. WILLIAM R. COTTER lower than their nationally advertised coun­ OF CONNECTICUT that are specifically designed to provide terparts, although there is frequently no IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES such information to the shopper, to hope­ difference between them. fully drive down food prices, to provide 6. Unit Pricing Act-This bill requires dis­ Thursday, February 1, 1973 the consUiner with accurate infor1nation closure by retailers of the unit price of pack­ Mr. COTTER. Mr. Speaker, perhaps on durable goods, and create effective aged consumer commodities. Individual re­ caveat e1nptor-''let the buyer beware"­ warranty regulations and, finally, to tail businesses with sales below $250,000 a strengthen State and local consumer year are exempted. had relevance in the econoinY of feudal The myriad of package size makes it ex­ ti1nes or, perhaps, in a barter econoinY protection agencies: tremely difficult for consumers to compare where the participant knew each prod­ A SERIES OF 12 BILLS the prices of two or more package sizes of uct and how to evaluate it. In the current A. FOOD LABELING AND INFORMATION the identical product to determine the real U.S. econoinY, it is literally iinpossible to 1. Truth in Food Labeling-This bill re­ cost and the best buy. Recent studies indi­ understand the 1naze of claiinS and coun­ quires food makers to indicate, on their cate that unit pricing provides valuable, ob­ terclaims 1nade by various 1nanufacturers labels, all ingredients by percentage, includ­ jective price data. which ca.n sa.ve consumers and salespersons. ing all additives and preservatives, and by around 8 % on their food b1lls. Some stores In an econo1ny where the consu1ner is their common or usual names. At the present now have unit price information but uni­ time, it is virtually impossible to detect from formity and comprehensiveness a.re lacking. virtually pitted against Inillion dollar a label what is in a. food product. This would corporations, it is not unreasonable to BILLS DESIGNED TO LOWER MEAT PRICES be required of all food makers. 1. Mea.t Price Freeze-This b111 requires the expect that Federal, State, and local gov­ 2. Nutritional Labeling Act-This bill erninents would beco1ne involved to stabilization of retail prices of mea.t for 45 as­ would ma.ke it mandatory tha.t a.ny packaged days at November, 1972 levels and requires sist the consuiner. Governinent inter­ consumer food product be labeled by the pro­ the President to submit to Congress a. plan vention does not 1nean that the Govem- ducer with the following information: a) for insuring an adequate meat supply for 1nent will tell 1nanufacturers what to nutritional statements including fat con-, U.S. consumers, reasonable meat prices and produce, but it should require the 1nanu­ tent, vitamin and protein value, fa.ts a.nd a fair return on invested capital to farmers, facture::- to fairly and truthfully present fa.tty a.cids, calories and other nutritional food producers and food retailers. da.ta; b) the net weight and drained weight The lack of price controls on mea.t at a his product. of canned or frozen products packed in a I ain guided by this principle in deal­ time when other products a.re controlled has liquid medium; c) the major ingredients by sent costs soaring a.nd there is no letup in ing with the consUiner affairs and in percentage weight of any combin&tion food sight. Inflation cannot be controlled so long 1ny proposals for legislation. item. as the prices on such a. major item in the For those who would prefer the caveat Food labels presently contain little in­ American budget, food, a.nd especially meat, e1nptor position, I ask how they would formation on the nutritional value of a. prod­ are permitted to go unchecked. be able to judge the nutritional content uct even though this is important to the 2. Meat Quota. Repeal-Repeals the Meat of "Crunchy Munchies" the biological consumer's health. Furthermore, food labels Import Quota Act of 1964 to increase the presently fa.ll to show the exact proportion supply of lower cost meats. and psychological effect of untested of one ingredient to another, and some drugs, or the safety of auto1nobile co1n­ Repeal of quotas is a.n essential first step brands of combination food items contain toward lowering the high price of meat ponents. more of the major ingredients than others. products such as hamburgers, hot dogs and The plight of the consUiner is under­ This b111 is much stricter than the voluntary cold cuts. President Nixon supended quotas standable when we realize that businesses labeling program recently announced by last summer for the balance of 1972, but a spend over $20 billion a year in adver­ FDA. permanent repeal would help foreign sup­ tise1nents to get their 1nessage across. 3: Open Dating Perishable Food Act-This pliers plan better to meet American market bill requires tha.t a.11 packaged perishable needs. Many of these advertise1nents contain and semi-perishable foods be prominently 1nore than a 1nodicUin of deceit and very labeled to clearly show the da.te beyond C. APPLIANCE DISCLOSURE few give adequate information. which it should not be sold and the optimum 1. This bill requires manufacturers of The results of so1ne Federal and State storage conditions at home. It also provtdes durable consumer products, including ap­ efforts to substantiate advertising claiinS that overage products ca.n be sold. but only pliances and electronic items, to disclose on if they a.re safe, separated from other items a. label or ta.g affixed to ea.ch item sold a.t brought red faces to so1ne producers. For retail to consumers, the performance life, exa1nple, one "lead-free" gasoline was a.nd clearly identified as being beyond the expiration da.te. under normal opera.ting conditions, of each found to contain lead, the 1nagic "active" There is growing evidence that a sizable mal}ufactured durable product or its _major ingredients in a co1nple~ re1nedy turned number of perishable food items on the components. It also requires such products out to be aspirin and, perhaps, the 1nost market are overage a.nd may be unhealthy. a.s film and batteries be labeled a.s to the date publicized were the conclusions 1nade by Open dating information would give the beyond which they should ·not be sold be­ a 1971 University of Georgia study which consumer an advantage of information in cause they begin to lose performance life. Knowing the performance life expectancy stated that- purchasing products, a.nd later in storing these products at his home. · · · of a product, consumers will be better The cereal boxes, if ta.ken with milk a.nd equipped to decide on the best buy for their raisins, a.re as nutritious as all but the most 4. Consumer Food Grading Act-This bill money. It will ~lso help them avoid buying sophisticated cereals. provides for a. uniform system of retail quality grade designations for consumer food durable products that are p~rishable. It is for this reason that the FDA, the 2. Appliance Dating Act-T~is b111 requires products based upon quality, condition and that a.ny appliance, TV or other durable FTC, and other Federal agencies were nutritional value. product whose design is changed or perform­ established. The need for new and There is presently no uniform system for ance capabilities altered, on a. periodic basis stricter laws and the push to create a determining and labeling the grades of food shall have its date of manufacture perma- Federal, separate consu1ner agency indi­ products. For instance, one product may ncmtl_y affixed to the product. . cates the widespread conviction of 1nany be graded A.B.C. and D., while another AAAA, Dating will prevent the sale of older AA and A: therefore, the two "A" grades models as "new", something now done with knowledgeable observers tha.t so-called are opposites, not equals, thus leaving the consumer agencies have been co-opted consumer with inadequate information. relative ease because the consumer does not or captured by groups that were designed have an effective method of checking the 5. Honest Label Act-This bill requires la­ model data. for himself prior to purchase: · to control or regulate. bels on foods, drugs and cosmetics to show 3. Consumer Warranty Protection Bill­ · Again, it is not 1ny desire to tell the the place of business and name of the man­ This · bill requires minimum disclosure manufacturer or seller what they must ufacturer, packager and distributor. standards for written consumer protection produce or sell, but I do believe that they - Its value i~ two-fold: Most ip:lportantly, it warranties against defect or malfunction. It have the obligation to tell the consumer would aid government, industry and consum­ would also define minimum FederaJ content what he is getting. The burden of weigh- ers in event of a recall by permitting quick standards for such warranties, and amend 3120 ', EX:TENSIONS OF REMARKS February :·1; -1973 the ~deral Trade Commission Act to im­ Administrator and Deputy Administrator, ap­ cerning the needs,. interests and' pr6b1.efµs o'f prove its consumer ·protection activities. pointed by the President for a term of four consumers. D. STATE A~ LOCAL CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT years coterminus with that of the President, To l{eep the Congress fully informed of -This blli provides federal grants and tech:­ by and with the ad.vice and consent of the all its activities. nical assistance in the establishment and Senate. (The four-year term is a new provl• SEC. 204. Representation of -.consumer in­ strengthening of state and local consumer sion designed to increase the independence terests before Federal agencies: protection offices. of the Administrator from the White House) . (a) Whenever the Administrator deter­ Consumer protection must be a joint effort SEC. 202. Powers and Duties of the Ad- mines that the result of any -federal agency at all levels of government. Some excellent ministrator: proceeding which is subject to the provisions work is being done by state and local con­ (b) Employ experts and consultants. of the Administrative Procedure Act or which sumer offices, but funds and technical as­ Appoint advisory committees. is conducted on the record after opportunity $istance are desperately needed. Promulgate rules. for an agency hearing, may substantially Enter int o and perform contracts and affect the interests of consumers, he may as Each of the foregoing bills is designed leases. of right intervene as a party by entering his to give the consumer new information or (c) Upon written request by the Admin­ appearance or otherwise participate for the roll back food prices. There is still the istrator, each federal agency is authorized purpose of representing the interests of con­ distinct need for an ongoing and eff ec­ and directed- sum~rs in such proceeding. The Admin~s~ra­ tive consumer voice in the Federal Gov­ To make its facilities and personnel avail­ tor shall comply witb agency statutes and ernment. In the 92d Congress, I intro­ able to the greatest practicable extent; rules of procedure governing the timing of duced a comprehensive consumer pro­ To furnish to the CPA information and intervention or participation and, upon in­ data and to allow access to all documents, tervening or participating, shall comply with tection bill that included establishing a papers, and 1·ecords in its possession which agency statutes and rules of procedure con­ Consumer Protection Agency. When a the Administrator deems necessary for the cerning the conduct thereof. weaker version of this bill came before performance of his functions. Except that, a (b) Whenever the Admin~strator .dete,r­ the House of Representatives last year, federal agency may deny the Administrator mines that the result of any federal agency I fought to strengthen it. access to and copies of- activity to which subsection (a) does not I am now joining with other Members ( 1) Information classified in the interest apply may substantially affect the interests to introduce a new bill to establish an of national defense and national security of consumers, he may as of right participate. and data controlled by the Atomic Energy In exercising such right, he may in an orderly Independent Consumer Protection Agen­ Act; manner and without causing undue delay cy that is specifically designed to repre­ (2) Policy recommendations by a,gency (1) present orally or in writing to responsible sent the consumer before other Fedei·al personnel intended for internal use only; agency officials relevant information, brieff!, agencies. (3) Information concerning routine execu­ and arguments; and (2) have an opportunity The crucial difference between this tive and administrative functions not other­ equal to that of any person outside the legislation and weaker versions is that wise a matter of public record; agency to participate in such activity. Such under this bill, the Consumer Protection (4) Personnel and medical files; · participation need not be simultaneous but Agency has different obligations and a (5) Information which such agency is ex­ should occur within a reasonable time. pressly prohibited by law from disclosing (d) The Administrator may request or right to appear before Federal agencies to another federal agency. petition a federal agency to initiate a pro­ to assure that the consumer voice will ( d) Trade secrets and commercial or fi­ ceeding or activity or to take such other be heard. This is the same right that nancial information are available to the action as may be within the authority of sucll business groups now have before Federal Administrator only upon a written statement agency if a substantial consumer interest is agencies. by him when he has determined that imme­ involved. This bill is long and complex, but it is diate access to such information is necessary ( e) In any federal agency proceeding or estimated that it is designed to place -in order to protect public health or safety activity in which he is intervening or par­ or to protect against imminent substantial ticipating, the Administrator is authorized the consumer voice in crucial agency economic injury due to fraud or unconscion­ to request the host federal agency to issue decisions. Under the current procedure. able conduct; and only after notice that the and the federal agency shall issue such orders consumers, in effect, have no voice in request for access has been immediately com­ for the summoning of witnesses, copying of Federal agency decisions. At this point, I municated to the person who provided such documents, papers, and records, and submis­ am enclosing a brief description of this information to the Agency. However, any sion of information in writing, unless the bill: such information described above cannot be agency determines that the request is not SECTION-BY-SECTION ANALYSIS OF THE CON­ disclosed to the public by the Administrator relevant to the matter at issue, ls unneces­ SUMER PROTECTION AGENCY ACT OF 1973 if it was received by a federal agency as sarily burdensome, or would undnely inter­ confidential. · fere with the conduct of the agency pro­ SEC. 2. Statement of Findings. The Con­ (The specific mention of types of informa­ ceeding or activity. gress finds that the interests of the American tion not available to the Administrator from _ (g) The Administrator is authorized to consumer are inadequately represented and other federal agencies has been added in the intervene or participate in any state or local protected within the federal government; and new CPA blll. Also added is a provision that agency or court proceeding, except a criminal that vigorous representation and protectlo:11, information involving trade secrets and com­ proceeding, where the Administrator deter­ of consumer interests are essential to the mercial or financial information from indus­ mines that a substantial consumer interest fair and efficient functioning of a free market try shall be available to the Administrator of is affected and a request for intervention or economy. the CPA only upon a written statement when participation has been received in writing TITLE I~OFFICE OF CONSUMER AFFAms he has determined that immediate access to by the Governor, a state Consumer Protection SEC. 101. Office Established: to be headed such information is likely to be necessary Agency, or a state or local court conducting by a Director and Deputy Director appointed 1n order to protect public health or safety the proceeding. by the President by and with the advice and or protect against imminent substantial SEC. 205. Judicial Review: consent of the Senate. economic injury due to fraud or unconscion­ (a) The Administrator shall have stand­ SEC, 102. Powers and Duties of Director able conduct, after notice has been com­ ing to obtain judicial .review of any federal of Office spelled out. · municated to the person who provided such agency action reviewable under law in any SEC. 103. Functions of the Office: information. Also, such information even if civil proceeding in a court of the United To coordinate the consumer programs of available to the Administrator cannot be States involving review or enforcement of a federal .agencies; disclosed to the public it the agency origi­ federal agency action substantially affecting To assure -the effectiveness of federal con­ nally receiving the material agreed to treat the interests of consumers, if the Adminis­ sumer programs; it as confidential.) trator intervened or participated in the fed­ To submit recommendations to the Con­ (e) The Administrator shall report once eral agency proceeding or activity out of gress and the President on improving federal each year to the Congress and the President which such action arose: or, where he did consumer programs; on the effectiveness of federal consumer pro­ not so intervene or participate, unless the To initiate and coordinate consumer edu­ grams and the adequacy of enforcement of court determines that such intervention in cation programs; consumer laws. the judicial proceeding would be detrimen-. To cooperate with and assist state and SEC. 203. Functions of the Agency: tal to the interests of justice. local governments and private enterprise in To represent the interests of consumers before federal agencies and courts. (b) Before instituting judicial review of fostering consumer programs; any federal action where he did not inter­ To publish and distribute a Consumer Reg­ To support research, studies and testing leading to a better understanding of and vene or pa1·ticipate in the agency proceed­ ister listing- federal actions of interest to ing or act ivity out of which such action consumers. improved consumer products and services. To submit recommendations to the Con­ arose, the Administrator shall file a timely SEC. 104. Transfer of Functions. gress and the President. pet ition before such agency for ·a rehearing TITLE II-CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCY To publish and distribute consumer or reconsideration. SEC. 201. Establishes independent Con- information. SEC. 206. Notice: each federal agency con­ sumer Protection Agency, to be headed by an To conduct surveys and investigations con- sidering any action which may subst antially February 1-, 19-73 · EXTENSIONS -OF REMARKS - 3121 affect the interests of ponsumers shall, upon nection with his intervention in any pending time industry have had an opportunity request by the Administrator, no'j;ify him of agency proceeding, is available as a matter to study many position papers and any proceeding or activity and ,furnish ·a brief of public record, or can be obtained from speeches on this subject. Yesterday I status report. Every federal agency in taking another fede1;aJ agency. any action of the nature which can reason­ (c) In the dissemination of any test re­ came across a speech delivered by Rear ably be construed as i;;ubstantially affecting sults which disclose product names, it shall Adm. George H. Miller, retired, before the interests of consumers shall take such be :made clear, if such is the case, that not the Unified Sea Power Seminar of the action in a manner calculated to give due all products of a competitive nature have National Maritime Council. Because of consideration to the valid interests of con­ been tested and that there is no intent or its importance I thought many of my sumers. In taking any such action, the agency purpose to rate prodi:1cts tested over those not colleagues would also be interested in concerned shall indicate concisely in a public tested or to imply that those tested are reading through this message: announcement of such action the effect that superior or preferable. its action or decision is likely to have on the SEC. 209. (a) The Agency shall, in the ex­ REMARKS BY REA.~ .ADM. GEORGE H. I\11.LLER, consumer interest. ercise of its functions (1) encourage and U.S. NAVY, RETIRED SEC. 207. Consumer Complaints. The support testing of consumer products and re­ (Before the unified sea power seminar, Na­ Agency and the Office shall receive, evaluate, search for in,proving consumer services in tional Maritime Council, San Diego, Calif., develop, act on and transmit complaints to the exercise of its functions under sections January 18, 1973) the appropriate federal agencies or non­ 204 and 208 of this Title; (2) make recom­ It is a pleasure to participate in this Semi­ federal sources concerning actions or prac­ mendations to other federal agencies with re­ nar on Unified Sea Power sponsored by the tices which may be detrimental to the spect to research and studies which would National Maritime Council. It is particularly consumer interest, including information be useful to consumers; and (3) report to gratifying and significant that this seminar disclosing a probable violation of any law, Congress on establishing a national consumer should be held in San Diego, the focal point rule or order of any U.S. agency, and com­ information foundation. of West Coast naval activities. mercial or trade practice affecting the con­ (b) All federal agencies which possess Formation of the National Maritime Conn­ sumer interest. The Agency and Office shall testing facilities relating to the perform­ ell is in my view one of the most important ascertain the nature and extent of action ance of consumer products are authorized developments in our country in many years. taken with regard to the complaints and and directed to perform promptly such tests It represents a significant step toward restor­ shall promptly notify persons complained as the Administrator may request, in the ex­ ing a sense of cooperation and unity of pur­ against. The Agency shall maintain in a pub­ ercise of his functions under Section 204 of pose in the maritime industries. We mu.st lic document room for public inspection and this Title. face the fact that the pl'esent disarray of copying an up-to-date listing of consumer ( c) Neither a federal agency nor the Ad­ our maritime resources constitutes an Achil- · complaints arranged in meaningful and use­ ministrator shall declare one product to be les heel in our national security structure. ful categories, together with annotations of better, or a better buy, than any other prod­ Unfortunately, this great Nation of our's, actions ta.ken on those complaints. Provided, uct. The Administrator shall periodically which owes so much to use of the seas, seems that a complaint may be made available for review products which have been tested to to have forgotten its importance to our public inspection only with the permission assure that such products and information economic health and our very survival. of the complainant and only after the party disseminated about them conform to the test Two and one-half years ago, shortly be­ complained against or agency to which such results. fore the National Maritime Council was complaint has been referred . has had a rea­ SEC. 210. So as to assure fairness to all formed, the then Assistant Secretary of coin­ sonable time, but not more than 60 days, to affected parties regarding the release of prod­ merce for Maritime Affau·s, Andrew Gibson. comment on such complaint. uct test data containing product names, and the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral SEC. 208. Consumer Information and Serv­ prior to such release, the agency s}lall act Zumwalt, began a series of meetings designed ices. The Agency is authorized to conduct pursuant to regulations after notice and to strengthen Navy-Merchant Marine coop­ and support studies and investigations con­ opportunity for comment by interested per­ eration as envisaged in the Merchant Marine cerning the interests of consumers and shall sons. Act of 1936. These meetings are being con­ develop on its own initiative, gather from SEC. 211. Information disclosure. The Ad­ tinued with the enthusiastic participation of other federal agencies and non-federal ministrator shall not disclose any informa­ Secretary Robert Blackwell, Mr. Gibsons' sue-· sources, and disseminate to the public in­ tion which it has obtained from a federal cessor. formation, statistics and other data concern­ agency through its records which such . Admfral Zumwalt said that because of ing (1) the functions and duties of the agency has specified is exempted from dis­ growing obsolescense in the Fleet and inade­ Agency; (2) consumer products and services closure under Section 552 of Title 5, United quate shipbuilding budgets, the Navy is com-· after such have been determined to be States Code or by any other provision of law pelled to concentrate on building combat accurate and provided such are not within and which such agency has specified should ships. He asked that the U.S. :Merchant · the trade secret and financial limitations of not be disclosed. Marine provide more of the Navy's logistic Section 552 of Title 5 of the United States (c) The Administrator shall not disclose support. Both Secre~ary Gibson and Secre­ Code; and (3) problems encountered by any trade secret or other confidential busi­ tary Blackwell have responded with en­ consumers generally including commercial ness information described by Section 1905 thusiastic support. and trade practices and practices of federal, of Title 18, United States Code (concerning Present Navy-Merchant Marine recogni­ state and local governments which adversely trade secrets and financial information) , ex­ tion of the need for closer cooperation is a affect consumers. cept that such information may be disclosed key to restoring the maritime effectiveness (b) In exercising the authority uuder sub­ ( 1) to the public only if necessary to pro­ we must have if our country is to survive. section (a) of this section, the Administrator tect health or safety and (2) in a manner But agreeing to cooperate and making coop­ is authorized to the extent required by designed to preserve confidentiality to duly ~ration a reality a.re two different things. health or safety of consumers or to discover authorized committees of the Congress, to This is a difficult goal we set for ourselves in consumer frauds, to obtain information from courts and federal agencies in representing today's environment--difficult, but not im­ industry, by requiring such person engaged the interests of consumers. possible. in a trade, business, or industry which sub­ TrI'LE llI--CONSUMER ADVISORY COUNCIL Our Constitution states that the Congress stantially affects interstate commerce, by shall provide and maintain a Navy. At the general or specific order setting forth with SEC, 301. Establishes · a 15 member Con­ sumer Advisory Council appointed by the time our Constitution was written we were particularity the consumer interest involved a sea-oriented, trading nation. Our grea·t and the purposes for which the information President. Members of the Council shall be naval captains of the 18th Century-John is sought, to file with him a report or an­ paid only while on the business of the Paul Jones, Hull, Biddle and others-we1·e swers in writing to specific questions. Nothing Council. The Council shall ( 1) advise the not only merchant shipmasters but capable in this paragraph shall be construed to Agency and Office on matters relating to naval tacticians, traders, and diplomats as authorize the inspection or copying of docu­ the consumer interests (2) review and eval­ well. In those days 'the Navy, Me1·chant Ma­ ments, papers, books or records, or to com­ uate the effectiveness of federal consumer rine and foreign commerce were virtually a pel the attendance of any person. Nor shall programs. single entity. Thus the tei·m Navy as used anything in this subsection require the dis­ in the Constitution meant maintaining an closure of information which would violate integrated capability to conduct sea com­ any relationship privileged according to law. CONCERN ABOUT OUR MARITIME merce, sea protection, and foreign affairs on Any district court of the United States with­ INDUSTRY a continuh,g basis in furtherance of foreign in the jurisdiction of which such person is policy. found or has his principal place of business, The U.S. Constitution uses more restric­ shall issue an order requiring compliance HON.JAMESJ. HOWARD tive language with respect to land ·forces. It with the valid order of the Administrator so OF NEW JERSEY empowers the Congress to raise and support long as the request for information is not unnecessarily or excessively burdensome and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES armies, with no appropriation for this pur­ is relevant to the purposes for which the in­ Thursday, February 1, 1973 pose to be for longer than two yars. formation is sought. The Administrator shall The Constitutional approach to national not exercise the authority of this subsection Mr. HOWARD. Mr. Speaker, all of security was inherited from our English an­ if the information sought is for use in con- us who are concerned a.bout our mari- cestors. Their bitter experience at the hands CXIX--198-Part 3 3122 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS February 1, 1973 of Cromwell's army dictatorship in the 17th In 1950, three years after enactment of the It is the Soviet Merchant Fleet which is in Century led them to fear the enormous tax National Security Act, Government Reor­ the vanguard of their drive for world in­ burden and internal political threat asso­ ganization Plan No. 21 abolished the U.S. fluence. It is the Soviet Merchant Fleet which ciated with large cadres of disciplined man­ Maritime Commission created in 1936 and provides the initial penetrations, builds up power stationed in the Homeland. They divided its functions between the Federal trade and carries the weapons to arm and therefore chose to maintain navies for na­ Maritime Boa.rd-later made a Commission­ sustain the wars of liberation in distant tional defense. They reasoned that as long and the Department of Commerce. What was lands. Every indication suggests that Soviet as the admirals ruled the waves, they could formerly the U.S. Maritime Commission is maritime arms are being coordinated by a not rule Britannia. now the Maritime Administration in the De­ single authority at the Kremlin level and It was this lower-profile concept of na­ partment of Commerce. that the emphasis is on the long-term politi­ tional security which helped the British Em­ Many of the provisions of the Merchant cal-maritime-trade competition rather than pire outlast the landpowers of Europe and Marine Act of 1936 have fallen into disuse. limited-duration, formal land wars. become the most successful and durable With the maritime services distributed With the fragmentation of U.S. maritime political entity of modern times. Decline among subordinate echelons of government, arms among a number of Departments, no came rather quickly after Britain sent the the capability of providing and maintaining U.S. government agency has responsibility for best of her own manpower into the ground a Navy in the broad sense of the Constitu­ the continuous, told maritime coordination :fighting of World Wars I and II. tion no longer exists. and planning which appears to be the key to The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 is the Meanwhile, times have changed. There are Soviet success. A way must be found to basic legislation covering the U.S. Merchant no longer allies capable of controlling the remedy this deficiency, if we a.re to regain Marine and Shipbuilding industry. The Act seas and absorbing the shock of aggression leadership in overall maritime power. How provides for a U.S.-Flag Merchant Marine while we prepare. We are now importers of and by what means do we accomplish this? capable of carrying all our domestic water­ raw materials and exporters of manufac­ Fortunately, there is some movement 1n borne commerce and a substantial portion of tured products. We depend on foreign sources the Department of Defense, led by Secretary our foreign commerce. It provides that the for all or part of 69 vital raw materials of Laird, that relates directly to what I am talk­ U.S. Merchant Marine be capable of serving the 72 needed to sustain our level of civili­ ing about. I am referring to his Total Force as the country's naval and military auxiliary zation. Over 99 percent of t}?.ese vital raw ma­ Concept, which is much more than just bet­ force and assumes that sufficient numbers terials must travel by ship over the world's ter use of our nation's combat forces in a of Naval Reserve Officers will be on boa.rd to oceans, in sufficient quantities to keep our military strategy. Tota.I Force means use of do the job. It provides for efficient facilities industries alive and our country secure. all resources, military and nonmilitary, in for shipbuilding and repair. To carry out its our nation is therefore compelled as never pursuit of not just military, but national provisions, the Act also created a Maritime before in our history to turn again to the seas security objectives. Commission responsible directly to the Presi­ to cope with current economic as well as In his final report to Congress on January dent. national security needs. 8, 1973, Secretary Laird emphasized. two as­ Of great significance at the time the Mer­ However, today only six percent of our pects. First is the role of trade as an integral chant Marine Act of 1936 was passed; is the foreign trade is carried in American ships. part of national security planning. Second fact· that the Secretary of the Navy was a Over 75 percent of our oil imports, for ex­ is the fact that the United States no longer member of the Cabinet. He was responsible ample, is carried in foreign-flag tankers. The enjoys a dominant position in the world. He directly to the President. The Secretary of largest segment of the u.s.-owned bulk car­ goes on to say we must make better use of the Navy thus was the Cabinet-level focal rier fleet is under foreign registry. Many of our resources, that doing so will undoubtedly p~int for coordinating the Navy, Merchant these ships are beyond our control Jn an lead to controversy, and that this controversy MaJ,"ine, Coast Guard, fishing and shipbuild­ emergency. must be faced. ing industries in support of national inter­ American mai·itime technology and inno­ We have a President who is well aware of ests. The Secretary of the Navy also worked vations are exploited abroad, but neglected the need to upgrade our low-profile capa­ directly with the Secretaries of State and here at home. The containership concept, bilities. In 1968, for example, Mr. Nixon called Commerce, and the U.S. Maritime Commis­ LASH and SEA-BARGE ships, the world's best for a U.S. merchant fleet carrying at least 30 sioner in low-profile support of foreign policy gas turbines, steam turbines and boilers, percent of our foreign commerce. This iS and trade. automation, modular construction, merchant generally consistent with the experience of In the Congress, both the House and the ship nuclear propulsion-all these American the more successful powers of today, which Senate had Naval Affairs Committees to carry innovations are being put to good use by our seem to be carrying between 40 and 50 per­ out Congressional responsibility for provid­ competitors. cent of their own trade. Building the ships ing i;i.nd maintaining a Navy. As the United States has dismantled its to carry a substantial portion of our own Thus, until 1947, the national security or­ maritime coordination structure since World cargo would create the mottern maritime in- . ganization was structured to provide and War II, the Soviets upgraded their's. With dustrial base needed to help sustain and maintain a Navy in the broad sense envis­ their tremendous manpower losses of World finance a low-profile international effort. aged by the framers of the Constitution. It Wars I and II fresh in their minds, Soviet The Nixon Low-Profile Doctrine phases provided for integrated maritime planning leadership ma.de a reappraisal of basic na­ down emphasis on U.S.-controlled land con­ based on the continuing, open-ended nature tional security policy in an effort to find a tingents in foreign territory. It upgrades em­ of world political, maritime and trade com­ better way. As a result o:t their reappraisal phasis on trade, maritime, political, and other petition, in which land wars were limited­ the Soviet Union turned to the sea. A mas­ forms of peaceful competition. It charts a duration episodes. sive build-up of their commercial and naval course which historical experience shows to The National Security Act of 1947 and fleets has been underway since the mid- be most successful. To implement this con­ subsequent legislation removed the Navy 1950's. cept requires re-establishment of government Department from the Cabinet and placed it Today the Soviet Ministers of Merchant machinery to coordinate low-profile assets in in the new Defense Department, whose Secre­ Marine, Shipbuilding, Foreign Trade, and furtherance of U.S. foreign policy. tary has direction, authority and control of Fishing Industry have direct access to the One way this might be done--a.nd it is the "combat forces." Under the present na­ Council of Ministers. The Chief of the Soviet merely one possibility-is for the Department tional security legislation, the United States Navy, Admiral of the Fleet, s. G. Gorshkov, of Commerce to assume responsibility for now provides and maintains an Army and is also Deputy Minister of Defense and has total low-profile planning and coordination Air Force, as well as a Navy. With the Navy been in office 17 years. of the type at which the Soviet Union has now assigned as pa.rt of the Department of Today in the United States there is no become so successful. The Department of Defense, its role is confined to that of a maritime arm with direct access to the Presi­ Commerce already administers most of the combat force. dent or the Congress. Prior to 1947, both the maritime assets essential to such an effort­ Rising Defense costs associated with main­ Navy and Merchant Marine had direct access. foreign trade, merchant marine, fishing fleet, In the Soviet Union the Soviet maritime scientific fleet, and shipbuilding. The Depart­ taining land-based as well as naval forces arms are being coordinated at the Kremlin ment of Commerce was assigned cognizance has dictated that Defense Budget planning level in one of the most successful low­ of Maritime Affairs by the Merchant Marine be based on limited-duration scenarios in profile conquests of all time. Meanwhile, Act of 1970, which created the post of As­ which · all combat forces participate: When Soviet land forces remain close to home. sistant Secretary of Commerce for Maritime land forces participate, land warfare be­ Soviet ship construction-military and Affairs. The Secretary of Commerce could comes the primary area of emphasis. commercial-is directed by a single Minis­ therefore appropriately be designated Secre­ Based on experience since 1947, it may be try of Ship Production that obtains the max­ tary of Commerce and Maritime Affairs. •appropriate to question whether current imum possible efforts from shipyards, sup­ Other administrative arrangements-rela­ combat force planning can adequately pro­ porting industries, and marine-oriented laboratories. _ tively roinor--could also be made to assure vide and maintain a Navy in the broader appropriate participation of the other mari­ Constitutional sense. The Soviet deep-sea fishing fleet is the world's largest and most modern. time services. The Coast Guard, now located The facts are that the United States Navy The Soviet ocean research and intelligence in the Department of Transportation, could and Merchant Marine were supreme on the fleets are the world's largest and most have a contributing role. The planning and seas following World War II. Since that time modern. cooperative arrangement between the U.S. the Navy, Merchant Marine, and shipbuilding The Soviet merchant marine is one of the Merchant Marine and Navy, envisaged by the industry have continued to diminish 1n size world's largest, most modern, and fastest Merchant Marine Act of 19.36, should be and modernity. growing. placed on a more formal basis. February 1, 19·73' EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3123 The Secretary of Commerce· and Maritime consumer can expect can be best seen in dining room. The lounge is where the offi­ Affairs would have overall responsib111ty for the soaring prices of soybean meal­ cers, as the captain said, go to "rest." that portion of maritime planning and co­ which 18 months ago sold for $65 to $85 But it was up one more small stairway ordination not within the purview of com­ a ton was quoted in the Wall Street Jour­ before we got to the captain's cabin. bat forces. The Secretary of Commerce and COMFORTABLE LOUNGE Maritime Affairs would also provide the es­ nal on January 31, 1973, at $205 a ton. sential maritime input to the National Se­ Soybean meal is a vital part of the diet of It, like the officer's lounge, was extremely curity Council's deliberations. dairy cattle. comfortable. There is a wide couch, a talble, Finally, to give appropriate emphasis to several chairs and a desk, stacked with pa­ Everyone is happy to see the farmer pers and books. Captain Kuzmenko is tall, the Constitutional responsibility to "Provide get more for his product, but when the balding, lean and looks as though he belongs and Maintain a Navy" in the broad sense in­ dairyman pays two to three times as here. tended, a Congressional Committee in both much for his feed as previously, he is the House and the Senate could be designated Quiet, reserved, he rarely talked at first Maritime Affairs Committees. bound to expect a sizable increase in his except to answer questions. He spoke good Bringing maritime and foreign trade co­ milk prices. The American people are English, having learned it in Vladvostok, the ordination together under one roof would going to have to decide which of the ship's homeport, and his hometown. necessary evils they prefer-much high­ We sat around the table, and we talked. enable low-profile budget and strategy op­ Not about anything specific, just talked. tions to carry comparable weight in na­ er milk prices or no milk at all. Hts ship has been away from Vladvostok tional security matters with those of the I would suggest that the American about 66 days, he said and expects to arrive combat forces. In this way it would provide consumer, before becoming irate at high­ a balancing influence, in the traditional Con­ back, with its cargo of soybeans from Loui­ stitutional sense, to the military-industrial er food prices. should remember the role siana in early March. Three months is a long time at sea. And complex. played by the Russian grain sales-which Our Chief Executive has a grasp of the were heralded not too long ago as an it looks as though the crew will have been historic breakthrough in foreign export aboard ship the whole time. So far, the cap­ total maritime concept which ranks with the tain said, only two men, he and his ship's understanding of President Franklin D. sales. Roosevelt. We have officials in the Depart­ The reports do not indicate the price officer, are allowed off here. ment of Commerce who are moving vigorously paid by the Russians for the soybeans, CAPTAIN DISAPPOINTED to carry out the President's Merchant Marine but it can be safely assumed that their And the captain, plainly, ts disappointed. modernization program. We have a Chief of "It's no good for us. Usually a ship that Na.val Operations whose leadership in Navy­ American agent made the purchase at a goes to a U.S. port the first time, they have Merchant Marine cooperation has been an lower price than is presently available to permission. Now we have none." inspiration to all of us concerned with mari­ the American farmers. He could get off, but prefers not to, know­ time matters. I insert a related newsclipping: ing his crew cannot. "It's no good for us." With world events pressing in upon us­ [From the State-Times (La), Jan. 27, 1973) It is possible, before the vessel leaves early the energy shortage, balance of payment next week, the crew will be allowed off the problems._ Soviet and Japan maritime expan­ SECOND STOP IN UNITED STATES--BR RE­ ship in Baton Rouge. The ship's agent here sion, our own growing maritime obsolescence, PORTER TOURS SOVIET SHIP is applying through U.S. Immigration for and our overseas commitments to allies-­ (By Bob Dardenne) permission for the men to come into the there ts no time to lose in marshalling our It was an impressive sight-an unloaded city. low-profile resources and putting them to cargo ship, sitting high on the Mississippi. Meanwhile, the only sight of aBton Rouge, better use 1n the national interest. The Nix­ We approached in a small launch, pulling up besides the various cars and trucks along on low-profile doctrine should have the next to a long, wobbly ladder down the ship's the levee, ts about a mile off the ship's star­ whole-hearted, nonpartisan support of all port side. The vessel towered up above us. board, where the top portion of the Louisiana the people and the entire government of the In a few days, its belly loaded with almost State Capitol building protrudes from be­ United States. 12,000 tons of soybeans, the huge ship will sit hind the levee. Our problems are clear and of considerable a little lower in the river. But yesterday, it On board ship, crew and officers entertain magnitude. You of the National Maritime sat high, two :flags whipping about in the themselves like most other seamen. By this Council are showing the way in the Im­ brisk winds. time, the captain was showing us about. portant task of revitalizing our maritime re­ Flying forward was a familiar sight-the Chess games peered out from around corners sources. It ts your example we must follow 1n red, white and blue of the American flag. in some of the quarters; reading material, bringing about low-profile coordination in And aft, well, that was something else. With including newspapers, was abundant, and on the Government. the Louisiana State Capitol in the back­ the aft deck, a curious little square table ground, a red :flag with hammer, sickle and stood out. star waved in the breeze. FAMILIAR GAME The nation, of course, is the Soviet Union, It looked familiar. The captain smiled at SOVIET GRAIN SALES TO RESULT The ship is the Ussurijsk. my puzzlement. It was a seagoing billiards IN HIGHER FOOD PRICES Standing at the head of the ladder, a Rus­ game. The familiar numbered balls, however, sian seaman waited to receive his American weren't there. Instead there were round, fiat visitors. For him, the captain and most of the pieces of wood. A larger piece of wood, smooth crew, it is the first visit to the United States. and slippery, serves as the cue and it ls used HON. JOHN R. RARICK The general cargo ship itself docked at Port­ to knock smaller pieces into four holes­ OF LOUISIANA land, Ore., in 1970 for its only other trip one in each corner of the table. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES to America. Only two members of that crew "Like this?" I asked, using the cue stick remain aboard today. Thursday, February 1, 1973 to attempt to chip one of the smaller pieces The trip to Baton Rouge ts the first for in a hole. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, this week Captain Gennady Kuzmenko since he took "Of course," the captain said. He smiled. command of the Ussurijsk. "Would you like to see the quarters?" We the Soviet cargo vessel Ussurijsk was "To our friendship." loaded with almost 12,000 tons of Loui­ did. So, back into the interior of the vessel siana soybeans to deliver to its home VODKA TOAST we went, through the passenger section, the port of Vladivostock. It was the captain. we toasted, and he officers quarters, a section for the steward­ lifted the glass of Russian vodka to his lips. esses and to an interesting little reading The skipper and his crew were enthu­ "To our friendship." We drank. room, filled with books, newspapers and siastically received as a part of the new We had carefully hopped from the launch magazines. Nixon trade policy with the Soviet Union. in the choppy Mississippi River waters to The quarters, predictably, were immacu­ Many Americans have not yet noticed the ladder. It swayed as we wa.Jked up. At late, spotless. There is room, Kuzmenko said, the increase in food prices as a result of the top, the bearded crewman met us, and led for 12 passengers, but the Ussurijsk carries the shortages caused by the Russian sales the way through the ship's interior to the none this trip. captain's quarters. On boa.rd the Russian vessel are six wom­ and the pressures which can only result en, who work along with the regular crew. in further food price hikes. SPOTLESS CONDITION Their quarters, near the passenger section, Feed grains, including soybeans, are Inside and out, 'the Ussurijsk is spotless. were the same--neat, clean, orderly. necessary feed for dairy cattle, beef, Its walls gleam, its chrome shines and its In the reading room, three newspapers, hogs, and chicken. As supply and demand wood is polished. Up one deck and then an­ Russian naturally, were on the table. The increase the farmer's feed prices, he other. For a minute, we waited in a com­ walls were covered with posters and maps must have higher market prices for his fortable room, carpeted, with chairs, a couch and the shelves had magazines and books. is and a television set. In one corner, laid On one was a sign, in English, referring to products. A farm not a nonprofit op­ out in a three-fourth completed game, was a the Ussurijsk's Australian voyages-"Ussuri­ eration. He must realize some return chess set--one of many on board. jsk ships crew is a collective member of tlie on his investment. The room, we found out later, is the of­ USSR-Australia society." An indication of what the American ficer's lounge area and adjoins the officers Kuzmenko said the same was true with 3124 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE February 2, 1973 the Japanese. "And now, after this, with the Curious, I asked about the brown liquid. his ability by winning the national cham­ Americans." He did not know the translation, but looked pionship in his class. · TOUR ENDS it up in two books on his desk. He found it. The contest starts at the local level Our little walk around the ship, after One look and I was sorry I asked. The word again passing through the officers' lounge translated. to "embalm." and progresses up the line to the nation­ where three young men watched a Baton By the time I turned around, the captain al final held in connection with the ''Pro Rouge television station, ended back in the filled the glasses again. Bowl" matching the American Football captain's office. "To our friendship." League All-Stars and the National He passed out glasses, then poured a por­ Football League All-Stars. tion of a dark, brownish-black liquid in the Peter went to Dallas, Tex., last month the glasses with Russian vodka. "Bvoka." as the representative of the American Only the brown stuff was not vodka. It said what it was: "Melnals Balza.ms." He filled LACKAWANNA, N.Y., YOUTH, 12, Football Conference and competed the glasses with Russian vodka, "Bvoka." WINS NATIONAL TITLE against the representative of the Na­ The glasses sat there. The captain sat tional Football Conference. back and smiled. I asked if the ship's crew Peter wore the uniform of the Buffalo drinks much vodka on a voyage. "No, only Bills and, incidentally, it was a Buffalo the captain drinks vodka." And that, he said, HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI Bills' running back, O. J. Simpson, who only when guests are present. OJ' JfEW YORK led the AFL All-Stars to a stunning 33-28 Some ships apparently have alcohol. But, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES victory. and although the translation slipped a Ut­ tle here, I got the impression the Ussurijsk Thursday, February 1, 1973 The son of Mr. and Mrs. Kiri Jancev­ crew is not allowed to keep it. ski, of Lackawanna, Peter was born in Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, a 12-year­ Yugoslavia and came to the United FRIENDSHIP TOAST old Lackawanna, N.Y., boy, Peter Jan­ States 9 years ago. Kuzmenko leaned forward, picked up his cevski, has won a "Punt, Pass, and Kick" All of Lackawanna and Buffalo are in­ glass. I did the same. We waited. He smiled, contest in national competition involving held out his glass. · deed proud of Peter's victory. He showed "To our friendship." a million youngsters. last year that he is championship caliber We drank. Like him, one gulp, and it was Last year, Peter was runnerup in finals and this year he proved it by winning the gone. It was interesting, and very good. for 11-year-olds and this year he showed national title.

SENATE-Friday, February 2, 1973 The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian have multipled over the years, however, and new p1·ograms that provide a better and was called to order by the Acting so too have the subjects that require dis­ way to realize those goals; and choices, President pro tempore (Mr. METCALF). cussion in State of the Union messages. too, between competing programs-all of This year in particular, with so many which may be desirable in themselves changes in Government programs under but only some of which we can afford PRAYER consideration-and with our very phi­ with the finite 1·esources at our command. The Chaplain, the Reverend Edward losophy about the relationship between Because our resources are not infinite, L. R. Elson, D:D., , offered the following the ·individual and the State at an his­ we also face a critical choice in 1973 be­ prayer: toric crossroads---a single, all-embracing tween · holding the line in Government Eternal Father, whose grace is suffi­ State of the Union Message would not spending and adopting expensive pro­ cient for all our needs, as we turn from appear to be adequate. grams which will surely force up taxes the busy pace of life about us and quiet I have therefore decided to present my and refuel inflation. our hearts 1n Thy presence, we beseech 1973 State of the Union report in the Finally, it is vital at this time that we Thee to guide us through the labor of form of a series of messages during these restore a greate1· sense of responsibility this day by the light of Thy spirit. May early weeks of the 93rd Congress. The at the-State and local level, and among we fear only to be disloyal to the high­ purpose of this first message in the series individual Americans. est and best we know, or to ignore the is to give a concise overview of where WHERE WE STAND truth Thou hast made known, or to be­ we stand as a people today, and to out­ The basic state of our Union today is tray those who love and trust us. line some of the general goals that I be­ sound, and full of promise. Help us this day to meet its joys with lieve we should pursue over the next year We enter 1973 economically strong, gratitude, its difficulties with fortitude, and beyond. In coming weeks, I will send military secure and, most important its duties with fidelity. Bring us to the to the Congress further State of the of all, at peace after a long and trying evening unashamed and with a peaceful Union reports on specific areas of policy war. heart. including economic affairs, natural re­ America continues to provide a better We pray in the Redeemer's name. sources, human resources, community and more abundant life for more of its Amen. development, and foreign and defense people than any other nation in the policy. world. The new cow·se these messages will We have passed through one of the MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT outline represents a fresh approach to most difficult periods In our history Government: an approach that ad­ without sw·1·endering to despair and A message in writing from the Presi­ dresses the realities · of the 1970's, not without dishonoring our ideals as a dent of the Unltied States was communi­ those of the 1930's or of the 1960's. The people. cated to the Senate by Mr. Marks, one of role of the Federal Government as we ap­ Looking back, there is a lesson in all his secretaries. proach our third century of independence this for all of us. The lesson is one that should not be to dominate any facet of we sometimes had to learn the hard way STATE OF THE UNION-MESSAGE American life, but rather to aid and en­ over the past few years. But we did lea1n FROM THE PRESIDENT (S. DOC. courage people, communities, and insti­ it. That lesson is that even potentially NO. 93-3) tutions to deal with as many of the dif­ destructive forces can be converted into The ACTING PRESIDENT pro tem­ ficulties and challenges facing them as positive forces when we know how to pore laid before the Senate the following possible, and to help see to it that every channel them, and when we use common message from the President of the United American has a full and equal oppor­ sense and common decency to create a States, which was ordered to lie on the tunity to realize his or her potential. climate of mutual respect and goodwlll. table and to be printed: If we were to continue to expand the By working together and harnessing To the Congress of the United States: Federal Government at the rate of the the forces of nature, Americans have un­ The traditional form of the Presi­ past several decades, it soon would con­ locked some of the great mystelies of the dent's annual report giving "to the Con­ sume us entirely. The time has come universe. gress Information of the State of the when we must make clear choices­ Men have walked the surface of the Union" is a single message or address. choices between old programs that set moon and soared to new heights of dis­ As the affairs and concems of our Union worthy goals but failed to reach them covery.