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RFE/RI. INC. DAILY BROADCAT RL- QuAci-ct,v) BROADCAST ARCHIVE ANALYSES 9g6 ickA4 a JAN vAK/ RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis Wednesday, 1 January 1986 D. Felton

A. USSR TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. STARTING THE DAY (Voznesenskaya, M 5) recalled the case of American schoolgirl Samantha Smith, who was invited to the USSR after having written a letter to the Kremlin asking why the Soviet leaders were threatening the world with war and who was killed last August in an air crash. The program spoke of a propaganda maneuver by the USSR, and said that while she might have been a source of irritation upon returning home, like other pacifists in the West she was not subjected to any persecution, in contrast to pacifists in such countries as the USSR and the GDR. Commenting on an article in Pionengmya Pravda suggesting that the air crash could have been the work of "enemies" who saw Samantha Smith as an "agent of Moscow," the program said the international declaration of children's rights describes instilling in children a hatred of other peoples as a crime and cited the Bible that those whom miskod children should have a millstone tied around their neck and be thrown into the sea.

2. Dissidents and Human Rights. In HUMAN RIGHTS (Alexeyeva, NY 20), a RERUN from December 26, veteran human rights activist Lyudmila Alexeyeva commented on the deteriorating human rights situation in the USSR in 1985.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1 and Alexeyeva, NY 19) recalled some of the samizdat documents appearing in 1985 concerning social and political topics, as well as human rights violations. Reference was also made to the publication of religious samizdat. 2

3. The Economy. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, Kroncher, and Chianurov, M 20), a RERUN from December 25, consisted of a round-table discussion of the USSR's economic performance in 1985. The discussants, observed that hopes of serious economic reforms under Gorbachev have so far failed to materialize, that the agricultural situation remains unchanged, and that there was a certain improvement in the housing sector.

4. Culture. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (V1. Tolz, M 29) gave a recording of a paper delivered by Prof. German Yermolayev of Princeton University at the Third World Congress on the Study of the USSR and Eastern Europe on the treatment of the subject of terror under the Bolsheviks in Soviet writer Yury Trifonov's novel The Old Man.

SPECIAL FEATURE (Matusevich, L 29) presented a review of the Soviet cinema scene in 1985. The program said excellent films were the exception, giving as an example the showing of Sergey Paradzhanov's films "The Color of a Pomegranate" from 1969 at the Moscow Film Festival, as well as his "Legend of the Suram Fortress." -The program gave negative reviews of Elem Klimov's overdrawn "Go and See," about the Nazis, and the neo-Stalinist"Victory," but noted signs at the end of the year of an abatement of the neo-Stalinist trend and concluded by citing Soviet press criticism of stagnation in the Soviet cinema.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Henkina, M 27) featured the 10th and final installment of the late Russian opera singer Fedor Shalyapin's memoirs entitled The Mask and the Soul, published in Paris in 1932 and serialized in the Russian emigre journal Vremya In the version published in the USSR, chapters were expurgated in which Shalyapin expressed his attitude to the Soviet regime in no uncertain terms.

5. Religion. THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Benigsen, NY RERUN from 9), a May 22, included an item on the liturgy of St. Basil the Great.

6. A New Year's Greeting by RL Employees. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Perouansky, M 2:30; Axenov, W 5:30; Gladilin and Nekrasov, P 5:30; Voynovich, M 4:30; Dovlatov, NY 2:30; and Glikman, M 2) featured New Year's greetings to RL's listeners by Soviet emigre cultural personalities on the RL staff. Vasily Axenov spoke of the end of a "sclerotic" period in the USSR and the hopes of the Soviet population for something new. As regards Gorbachev's anti-alcoholism campaign, Axenov suggested that it would be better to fight for more moderate drinking habits rather than against alcohol consumption as such. Commenting on Yevtushenko's exhortation to rest from Soviet emigre hands the possibility of bad-mouthing the USSR, Axenov pointed to the suppression of information in the USSR itself. Anatoly Gladilin invited listeners to dream of the possibility of freely travelling abroad and returning. Viktor Nekrasov proposed a New Year's toast. Vladimir Voynovich remarked that he will see the New Year in with "Gorbatschow" vodka and said that while at the turn of the year the Soviet citizen thinks of the new tasks facing him, the previous goals set by the party were unrealistic. 3

Sergey Dovlatov addressed New Year's greetings to his friends in Leningrad: specifically his literary friends Mikhail Meylakh, Konstantin Azadovsky, and Oleg Okhapkin, and said that as long as they are repressed, an improvment in the world political climate in the wake of the Reagan-Gorbachev summit will have no meaning for him. Finally, artist and sculptor Gavriil Glikman expressed the hope that someone, somewhere has been listening to his recollections and said that God is the only hope for saving Russia.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

None

C. msrnmArmtmL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. France. In SPECIAL FEATURE (Mirsky, Salkazanova, and Gladilin, P 29) RL's Paris correspondents reviewed major events in France in 1985, focusing, particularly, on Gorbachev's visit (the French were impervious to Gorbachev's efforts to charm them); the demonstrations and meetings preceding the visit in defense of human rights in the USSR; Jaruzelski's visit (a scandal); the dwindling power of the socialists; the growing strength of the National Front; the Rainbow Warrior incident; France's economic successes; the Eureka and Hermes space projects; Soviet espionage activities; terrorist acts; Soviet protests against French TV programs on Sakharov, Afghanistan, etc.; the deaths of Simone Signoret and Marc Chagall; the showing of Tarkovsky's latest film; and Lyubimov's staging of Dostoevsky's Devils.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 8:30), a RERUN from May 22, continued an introduction to the Christian faith with a program on Christ's church.

THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Kulomzina, NY 10), a RERUN from May 22, featured a talk for parents on how to explain to their children the mystery of the Holy Trinity.

There was no WORLD TODAY

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ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 1 JANUARY 1986: RONALD REAGAN AND MIKHAIL GORBACHEV HAVE TOLD EACH OTHER'S PEOPLE THEY WANT PEACE AND THE END OF DISTRUST IN US-SOVIET RELATIONS. LIBYAN LEADER GADDAFI SAYS ANY ATTACK ON LIBYA IN RETALIATION FOR THE ROME AND VIENNA AIRPORT ATTACKS WOULD SPARK WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST. THE SOVIET-BACKED GOVERNMENT IN AFGHANISTAN HAS INFORMALLY PRESENTED A TIMETABLE FOR THE WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS. LEBANESE PRESIDENT GEMAYEL IS TO TRAVEL TO DAMASCUS FOR TALKS ON A SYRIAN-BACKED AGREEMENT TO END LEBANON'S 10-YEAR-OLD CIVIL WAR. VIOLENCE IN SOUTH AFRICA CONTINUES TO CLAIM LIVES. SPAIN AND PORTUGAL HAVE JOINED THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. CZECHOSLOVAK ICE HOCKEY STAR MIROSLAV IHNACAK HAS DEFECTED TO THE WEST AND PLANS TO JOIN HIS BROTHER PLAYING IN CANADA. BOMB EXPLODED OUTSIDE THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL TOURIST AGENCY IN AMSTERDAM, INJURING A PASSER-BY AND SHATTERING THE OFFICE WINDOW. RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.) S Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Thursday, 2 January 1986 D. Felton and E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Matusevich, L 5), commenting on the exchange of New Year messages between President Reagan and Gorbachev, spoke of the refreshing absence of anti-American rhetoric in Gorbachev's message, although this does not mean that Soviet media have been freed of anti -Americanism. Foreign correspondents in Moscow were quoted on the positive impression made by President Reagan on Soviet viewers. Walker of The Guardian was quoted that while Gorbachev has given the Soviet people a greater feeling of security, they now expect improvements in their daily lives.

PANORAMA (Tarasenkov, W 4:30) reviewed US comments on the exchange of New Year's messages between President Reagan and Gorbachev. The program cited US newspaper commentators that the exchange was a hopeful beginning to the New Year, President Reagan's statement in Palm Springs on the exchange being a continuation of the Geneva dialogue, and White House officials' positive appraisal of Gorbachev's message as constructive in both tone and content. Special reference was also made to President Reagan's expression of hope in his message that both superpowers could liquidate all their offensive weapons and rely entirely on defensive ones.

PANORAMA (Mirsky, P 4:30) cited commentaries on the exchange of New Year's messages between President Reagan and Gorbachev in Le Matin de Paris, Le Quotidien de Paris, and Le Figaro. Reference was also made to the curiously terse and low-key coverage in l'Humanite. 2

2. Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Kushev, M 6) gave a review of the worldwide condemnation of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan on the occasion of the sixth anniversary of the invasion. Special reference was made to statements by President Reagan in his weekly radio message, Margaret Thatcher, the French government, FRG Foreign Minister Genscher, PRC Foreign Minister Wu Xuegian and Ren Min Rih Bao, the Iranian government, and the Albanian telegraph agency. The program also spoke of recent partisan activity, including a rocket attack on the Soviet Embassy in Kabul and an attack on Soviet troops in Djalalabad.

3. Dissidents and Human Rights. In DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1:30 and Alexeyeva, NY 19) veteran human rights activist Lyudmila Alexeyeva gave a breakdown of political trials in the USSR during 1985 according to categories of persons tried (religious believers; samizdat, human rights, and nationality activists; refuseniks; etc.)

HUMAN RIGHTS (Shragin, NY 10:30) gave a detailed analysis and commentary on the articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Pact on Civil and Political rights concerning freedom of opinion and the right to receive and impart information, which the program said are rightly considered as crucial human rights. The program showed how although the USSR is a signatory of these agreements, the RSFSR Criminal Code contains clauses which contradict them.

In HUMAN RIGHTS (Kaminskaya, W 5:30) a long-time Moscow defense lawyer showed how the accommodation of prisoners in the USSR does not meet the minimum standards laid down by the UN in 1855.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Sinyavsky and Rozanova, P 29:30) featured the 18th installment of a reading by Soviet emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky, with a commentary by his wife Maria Rozanova, of his autobiographical novel Good Night, published last year by the Sinyavskys' Paris publishing house.

4. Society. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Fistejn, Fedoseyev, and Gordin, M 20), a RERUN from 26 December 1985, presented a round-table discussion of various social aspects of life in the USSR in 1985, focusing on the deterioration of the human rights situation, Yelena Bonner's trip abroad, the alcohol problem, the hard lot of single mothers, and the financial situation of the average Soviet family.

STARTING THE DAY (Voznesenskaya, M 5) commented on the exorbitant prices of shoes in the USSR, saying that it is not the fault of young Soviet citizens if, as lamented by Soviet youth newspapers,they worship material goods. The basis for such an attitude is laid in childhood when a young person sees that his mother's work is not sufficiently remunerated and he is not yet aware of eternal, spiritual values. 3

5. The Navy. PANORAMA (Kruzhin, M 2:30) gave a profile of Admiral Nikolay Khovrin, who may have been appointed Chief of General Staff of the Soviet Navy. An RLPS Report was used. 6. Culture. SPECIAL FEATURE (Matusevich, L from January 29), a RERUN 1, presented a review of the 1985. Soviet cinema scene in

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS: None

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS: 1. International Terrorism. PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 4:30) noted recent contradictory US statements on the question of possible US and Israeli reprisals following the terrorist attacks at Rome and Vienna airports. The program cited White House and State Department (Charles Redman) statements of December 30 and 31 on Libyan support for the Abu Nidal group, and also referred to the State Department's special report on the group's terrorist activities. The program siad that while the US' West European allies have not been giving support to US calls for joint action to force Libya to stop exporting terrorism, the position of these countries could change in view of the present world oil surplus. 2. Democracy. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Shragin, NY 22 and Krasin, NY 7), a RERUN from 19 December 1985, examined political, economic various and social developments in Western and the US in 1985. Europe

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS COUNTRIES: OF NON-COMMUNIST

1. Culture. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Schlippe and Gendler,. M and NY 20) reported on the recent showing in New York's Carnegie Hall of a film about world-famous pianist Vladimir Horowitz and a concert he gave there. Audio Section material was used. 2. Religion. JUDAISM (Lvov, NY 4; Taratuta, NY 7; Reznik, NY 10; and Haskelevich, NY 7) noted briefly the teachings of Jewish prophets and sages the on the question of divine providence and man's free choice. The program then continued to cite chapters from Genesis on Isaac's life and deeds. This was followed by a discussion of the celebrated trial in Kiev in of Menachem Mendel Beilis 1913 who was subsequently acquitted of ritual murder of a Christian the boy. The program cited testimonies at the trial by Russian Orthodox theologians and experts on Judaism, professors Troytskki, Kokovtsov, and Novozhilov who 4

refuted as false some of the libelous, anti-Semitic charges and cited the Talmud and the Ten Commandments to show that murder is one of the worst sins in Jude-ism and that Judaism teaches one to behave toward non-Jews as if they were Jews. In the conclusion, Rabbi Haskelevich talked about the life and deeds of Rabbi Shneor-Zalman, the founder of the intellectual Hasidic movement known as "Habad."

There was no WORLD TODAY.

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NEWS COVERAGE ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED 2 JANUARY 1986: THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF AOOLICE IN AUSTRIA BELIEVE WIRPORT IS STILL AT LARGE. THE MASTERMIND OF THE ASSAULT ON VIENNA'S MAJOR SOVIET NEWSPAPERS HAVE PRINTED WITHOUT COMMENT THE TEXT OF RONALD REAGAN'S TELEVISED NEW YEAR'S NOVOSTI PRESS SERVICE CRITICIZED IT. ADDRESS TO THE USSR, BUT THE WESTERN CORRESPONDENTS IN WARSAW HAVE REPORTED WALESA'S NEW YEAR'S MESSAGE TO FELLOW POLES. MORE DETAILS OF LECH CANADA HAS GIVEN IMMIGRATION PERMIT.CZECHOSLOVAK HOCKEY STAR MIROSLAV IHNACAK A SPECIAL JEWISH HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS IN NEW YORK SAY THE "ABYSMAL" RECORD OF ALLOWING JEWS TO EMIGRATE. SOVIET UNION HAS AN LEBANESE PRESIDENT AMIN GEMAYEL AND SYRIAN HELD TALKS ABOUT A SYRIAN-BACKED PEACE PLAN.PRESIDENT HAFEZ ASSAD HAVE PAKISTAN SAYS IT HAS NOT BEEN TOLD ABOUT ANY SOVIET MILITARY WITHDRAWAL FROM AFGHANISTAN. PROPOSED TIMETABLE FOR A ONATO SECRETARY-GENERAL LORD CARRINGTON HAS ARRIVED DISCUSS SPAIN'S MEMBERSHIP IN THE NATO ALLIANCE. IN MADRID TO THE SON-IN-LAW OF YELENA BONNER IS QUOTED AS SAYING UNDERGO HEART SURGERY IN THE UNITED STATES AFTER ALL.SHE MAY NEED TO THE WEST BERMAN RED CROSS SAYS IT HAS NO REQUESTS FROM ROMANIA HELP COPE WITH THAT COUNTRY'S SUPPLY AND ENERGY CRISIS. TO THOUSANDS OF SOUTH AFRICAN BLACKS JOINED WHITES TO ATTEND THE OF MOLLY BLACKBURN, A LEADING WHITE ANTIAPARTHEID ACTIVIST. FUNERAL RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DMA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Friday, 3 January 1986 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Polishchuk, W 3:30) reported on the controversy in Washington over the unofficial Soviet proposal put forward by Ambassador Dobrynin that the next Reagan-Gorbachev summit be put back from June to September. The program noted the problem of the summit possibly clashing with the congressional election campaign, citing Shultz and an unnamed US official's view quoted by The Washington Post.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4:30) noted increased contacts between US and Soviet citizens after the Reagan-Gorbachv summit. The program mentioned a video-telephone hookup between US scholars, artists, businessmen in San Francisco with Soviet scholars, journalists, etc., in Moscow; the planned exhibit in the US in the fall of masterpieces by great impressionist painters that are currently stored at the Hermitage, the Pushkin Museum, etc.; and comments by Anatoly Zabavskiy, manager of the Kamina book store in Washington, about the growing interest in Russian-English dictionaries, naps, tourist brochures, and Russian books among Americans planning to travel to the USSR.

2. Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 8:30) noted that the latest Soviet media attacks against calls by the US and other Western nations to find political solutions to regional conflicts in general and Afghanistan in particular shows that there are circles in the Kremlin that were not happy with the December 21 editorial in Pravda which urged the creation of an atmosphere that could lead to a positive dialogue between the various public and political forces in Afghanistan. The program commented on Karmal's appointment of so-called non-communist , 2 ministers and deputy ministers, saying that this cosmetic move is a weak attempt by the Kremlin to make the unpopular Karmal regime more palatable in line with Gorbachev's conciliatory comments on Afghanistan during his summit meeting with Reagan. The rumors that Karmal may be replaced by the Kabul government's former secret police chief Najibullah were also noted.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kushev, M 5:30) gave the main points of the recent State Department report entitled "Afghanistan: Six Years of Soviet Occupation," which concluded that the USSR made no progress in 1985 toward its goal of defeating the Afghan resistance fighters, despite an increased troop presence and increased fighting.

3. Soviet-British Relations. PANORAMA (Matusevich, L.5) commented on Gorbachev's propagandistic letter to Ken Livingstone,.. the leader of the Greater London Council, proposing that Britain should give up its national nuclear deterrent and remove foreign nuclear weapons from its territory in exchange for Soviet guarantees not to target its nuclear weapons on British soil. The program noted a similar proposal advanced by Chernenko in November 1984 to British Labourite leader Neil Kinnock, which Prime Minister Thatcher characterized as propagandistic rhetoric, and gave background information on Ken Livingstone’s ultra-leftist views and activities noting, in part, that apparently Gorbachev was never informed of the British Parliament's decision to dissolve the Greater London Council on 1 April 1986.

4. USSR-Czechoslovakia. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Silnitskaya, NY 5), a RERUN from 18 October 1985, featured an installment of a review of a book by emigre Czechoslovak historian Karel Kaplan concerning Soviet-Czechoslovak economic relations in the 1950s.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, N 13 and Weil, Copenhagen 7) was devoted to the cases of 74 -year-old Lithuanian political prisoner Vladas Lapenis, sentenced on account of his memoirs and religious articles, and Latvian political prisoner Lidia Doronina, sentenced in connection with samizdat activities and contacts with a Swedish Baptist organization. The program included a RERUN from 10 May 1985 of the samizdat text (AS-5434) of Doronina's letter to the USSR Supreme Soviet dated March 1984 in which she requests permission to join relatives in Sweden. The program was pegged to the first anniversary of Lapenis' arrest and the third anniversary of Doronina's arrest.

6. The Emigration. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Perelman, NY 9:30) continued to examine the situation of Soviet-Jewish emigres in Israel and the US, focusing in this program on the various psychological stages that emigres pass through in the process of adapting themselves to new environments in Israel and the US respectively. 7. The System. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, M 8:30), a RERUN from 15 November 1985, commented on a book by Yugoslav journalist Janez Stanic, entitled The Blank Spots of Socialism, which sharply criticizes the Soviet model of socialism.

8. Society. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Chianurov, M 5), gave the contents of an article by Soviet emigre sociologist Vladimir Shlapentokh in The New York Times entitled "The Apparatchik Is an Endangered Species," which suggests that it could be the apparatchiki who could suffer most under Gorbachev's campaign to stamp out alcoholism and corruption and make the Soviet system more efficient.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, M 7) drew attention to numerous reports in the Soviet press indicating that a purge of the judiciary, in particular procurators, on account of bribery and arbitrariness is in progress in various parts of the USSR. The program explained that this kind of action only affects a small proportion of the culprits.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Simis, W 5:30) drew attention to an article in Pravda by the chairman of the Rostov Oblast court which gives an unusually comprehensive view of the problem of corruption in the USSR. The program author, a former lawyer from Moscow who dealt with many cases of this kind, explained that if one adds to the cases mentioned in the article all those in which the party and the police are involved and which cannot be mentioned publicly, then one gets a picture of a system in which corruption is all-pervasive.

In CULTURE, RATES, TIME (Voinovich, M 13), a RERUN from 30 December 1983, emigre writer Vladimir Voinovich told a humorous story about how he tried to get a New Year's tree in the Soviet Union.

9. The Law. In HUMAN RIGHTS (Kaminskaya, W 8) a former Moscow defense lawyer said that amendments of Soviet criminal law strengthening the legal position of private citizens anonymously slandered and also of persons making criticism of superiors anonymously for fear of reprisal, are certainly a positive development, but the question is whether they will be systematically enforced.

10. Housing. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Henkina, M 5) noted reports in the Soviet press about the lack of hot water in various Soviet cities; the waste of energy in houses in Khabarovsk which, according to a recent study by Gosgrazhdanstroy, is due mainly to badly constructed walls rather than heat loss through windows; etc. If the people owned their houses things would be different, the program said in conclusion. 4

11. Culture. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 5) an emigre Soviet writer gave his impressions of Soviet poet Voznesensky's performance in New York, saying it was quite successful if not a sensation and that he behaved like a disciplined Soviet poet.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Perouansky, M 29) featured the first installment of an article by Soviet emigre film critic Semen Chertok about leading Soviet film-maker Mikhail Romm on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of his birth. Romm, who enjoyed great official success, later expressed bitterness over his wasted years. The article was published in the 137th issue of Grani.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Lvov, NY 9:30) discussed the Jewish elements in the works of Soviet-Jewish writer Matvey Roizman, focusing on the Jewish hero of his novel, Minus Six.

12. Religion. HUMAN RIGHTS (Yudovich, M 8:30) commented on statements made on the eve of Human Rights Day last year at a press conference in Moscow at which speakers insisted that human rights were guaranteed by the USSR's socialist system. The program drew attention to Metropolitan Filaret's remark on Soviet citizens' constitutional right to conduct atheistic propaganda and cited from an antireligious article in the army journal Kommunist Vooruzhennykh Sil.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Fotiyev, M 5:30) featured the third installment in a series on the social doctrine of the Orthodox Church.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 5:30) read the second installment of a lecture delivered by Russian historian Klyuchevsky before the theological Academy in Moscow in 1888 on the occasion of the 900th anniversary of the Christianization of Russia. The lecture was about the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in the development of public order.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 13:30) read the 21st installment of the late Russian writer Ivan Shmelev's book Pilgrimage about a pilgrimage he made in his youth, around 1880, to the Trinity-St. Sergey Monastery.

13. Toys. In STARTING THE DAY (Voznesenskaya, M 5) Yulia Voznesenskaya talked about buying toys for child relatives back in the USSR and cited Bukovsky and a former Soviet foreign trade official in the FRG, Vladimir Bobrov, on the abundance of toys in the West compared with their childhood days in the USSR. Speaking of children's computers, Voznesenskaya remarked that the USSR steals or buys up through an intermediary Western computer technology which could have a military application, while the USSR, which is spending billions of rubles on the arms race, does not allow the import of such "militaristic toys" as toy pistols. 5

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bekker, NY 17:30) commented 6n the recent top-level party and government changes in Poland, expressing the view that they will hardly change the country's disastrous political, economic, and social situation.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kh. Peterson, M 6) presented an interview with Joanna Pilarska of Solidarity's Provisional Coordination Bureau in Brussels, in which she described Solidarity's activities concerning the Sejm elections as the most significant development in Poland in 1985 and, in a New Year's greeting, expressed justified hope for Solidarity's eventual victory.

2. Eastern Europe. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Suslov, W 6:30) gave the substance of papers delivered at a seminar held at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for scholars on the question of the role of religion in the political life of East European countries.

3. The PRC. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Shilaeff, NY 6) discussed the paITIZil career of Deng Xiaoping and his sweeping economic reforms in China on the occasion of his designation as "Man of the Year" by Time.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. International Terrorism. PANORAMA (Bensi, M 6:30) commented on the Palestinian terrorist attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports, referring, among other things, to criticism in Italy of the Craxi government for a one-sided pro-Palestinian policy; calls for the introduction of compulsory visas for citizens of Arab countries; and Defense Minister Spadolini's proposal to appeal to Moscow to exert pressure on its allies and clients, such as Libya, to stop harboring terrorists.

2. Israel in 1985. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Nudelman, Isr 6:30) reviewed the major economic and political developments in Israel last year mentioning, among other things, the differences between the Israeli government coalition partners on the Mideast peace plans, efforts to restore good neighborly relations with Egypt, the new Syrian missile crisis, improved relations with Poland and Hungary, rumors about Soviet pledges to renew diplomatic relations with Israel and to open the gates to Soviet-Jewish emigration, the restoration of ties with Ivory Coast, plans to restore diplomatic relations with Spain following her entrance into the EC, the Arab terrorist attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports, and Israel's call for a concerted international effort to fight international terrorism. 6

3. Human Rights. PANORAMA (Dubinsky, W 3:30) outlined Freedom House's annual report on the world situation concerning political and civil liberties. The report puts the USSR at the bottom of the list.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

None

There was no WORLD TODAY

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the latest State Department report on Afghanistan (Kushev, M 5:30); an interview with Joanna Pilarska of Solidarity's Provisional Coordination Bureau in Brussels (Kh. Peterson, M 6); increased contacts between US and Soviet citizens following-the Reagan -Gorbachev summit (Muslin, NY 4:30); an article in The New York Times on prospects for Soviet apparatchiki under Gorbachev (Chianurov, M 5); and Deng Xiaoping, Time's "Man of the Year" (Shilaeff, NY 6).

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NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF JANUARY 1986:

LIBYA HAS REVERSED ITSELF AND NOW SAYS IT CONDEMNS THE ROME AND VIENNA AIRPORT ATTACKS. BRITAIN SAYS THE LATEST SOVIET PROPOSAL FOR THE BRITISH TO SCRAP THEIR NUCLEAR DEFENSES CONTAINS NOTHING NEW. NATO SECRETARY-GENERAL LORD CARRINGTON SAYS WESTERN EUROPE WOULD BE WEAKENED IF SPAIN LEFT THE ALLIANCE. THE MAYOR OF MOSCOW HAS BEEN REPLACED. MILITIAMEN HAVE FOUGHT AGAIN IN SOUTHERN LEBANON. CHINA SAYS NORMALIZATION TALKS WITH MOSCOW HAVE NOT PRODUCED ANY IMPROVEMENT IN POLITICAL RELATIONS. PAKISTAN SAYS BETTER US-SOVIET RELATIONS MIGHT MAKE IT EASIER TO REACH A. SETTLEMENT IN AFGHANISTAN. PLANNED US-SOVIET CULTURAL EXCHANGES HAVE BEEN ANNOUNCED. LEADING SOVIET WRITERS HAVE PROTES1ED A GOVERNMENT PLAN FOR DIVERTING WATER FROM NORTHERN RUSSIAN RIVERS TO THE SOUTH. DEFECTING CZECHOSLOVAK HOCKEY STAR MIROSLAV IHNACAK HAS ARRIVED IN CANADA TO PLAY FOR A PROFESSIONAL TEAM. RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis Saturday, 4 January 1986 E. Romano and L. Mardirossian

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Weinstein, W 5) commented on the historic significance of President Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev's New Year's messages to the Soviet and American people, noting that the American public and US political leaders welcomed it as a constructive step and an emaraging sign for the improvement of US -Soviet relations and the lessening of tension in the world. It was noted that the landslide reelection of President Reagan gave him the mandate to hold a summit meeting with Gorbachev and that his 1984 Presidential opponent Mondale was wrong when he tried to convince American voters that President Reagan's reelection would bring the US to the threshhold of a nuclear confrontation with the USSR.

PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Gladilin, P 2) briefly cited commentaries in Le Matin de Paris, Le Quotidien de Paris, and l'Humanite on President Reagan's and General Secretary Gorbachev's exchange of New Year's greetings to the Soviet and American peoples. It was seen as a continuation of the dialogue started by Reagan and Gorbachev in Geneva.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Orshansky and Axsenov, W 20) presented an interview with emigre writer Vasily Aksenov about the seventh meeting between US and Soviet writers that took place in Vilnius on 18-21 November 1985. Aksenov, who was a participant on the Soviet side in the first such US -Soviet meeting in 1977, commented on The Washington Post's account of the Vilnius meeting and the heated dispute that erupted between US and Soviet writers when playwright Arthur Miller raised the question of imprisoned Soviet writers and was told by the head of the Soviet writers Nikolay Federonko that these are not writers but criminals. 2

Aksenov listed the names of some of the talented writers who were imprisoned only because of their written works, commented on the meeting's theme "the role of the writer in preserving human values," expressed surprise that the US side agreed to the Soviet condition to exclude the press from this meeting, and recalled a number of episodes from the meeting in which he participated in 1977. He stressed that despite the Soviet imposed restrictions on the meetings, a continued dialogue between US and Soviet writers is very useful. He also welcomed the recently concluded US -Soviet cultural exchange agreement.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 4) cited an Afghan resistance leader,. Hekmatyar, on Soviet atrocities and scorched-earth policy in Afghanistan. The UN Human Rights Committee and a US Congressional group, which was designed S to investigate the situation in Afghanistan, corroborated Hekmatyar's statement, the program said. Also cited was representative of the UN Secretariat, Cordoves, on the necessity to achieve a political settlement in.Afghanistan.

3. The USSR and Southeast Asia. SIGNAL (Suslov, W 6) summarized a lecture delivered at the Kennan Institute by former US National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski on the growing Soviet military presence in East and Southeast Asia over the last two decades and the consequent instability in those Asian countries which maintain close relations with the West.

4. Dissidents and Human Rights. Quoting from Yevtushenko's speech to the recent RSFSR Writers' Union Congress on truth as a moral cornerstone of civic virtues and the basis of Russian literature, DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 4 and Nekrasov, P 7) noted that Yevtushenko is currently delivering bombastic speeches about truth, morality, and civic virtues, while genuine writers and poets, those who remained true to these principles, populate labor camps and die there. Writer Gely Snegirev, for instance, died in confinement seven years ago. Emigre Soviet writer Nekrasov profiled him and recalled his tragic fate.

The Leningrad Trial on 28 December 1971 was recalled by DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Aexeyeva, NY 9). The author of the book History of Dissident in the USSR dealt with the little-known Leningrad group The Union for the Emancipation of Man, which aimed at restoring Leninist policy and building Communism, citing The Chronicle of Current Events on its activities and its members' fate. Seven members were arrested in March 1971. Four of them faced detention in psychiatric clinics. Sergey Purtov joined them in spite of his sentencing to a labor camp. The program focused on his fate noting that nothing has been heard of him for the last five years.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 2 and Fedoseyeva, M 10), a RERUN from 25 December 1985, reviewed and commented on the human rights situation in the Soviet Union in 1985, stressing that it remains unchanged under Gorbachev. 3

5. The Economy. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK' (Krasin, NY 3) commented on the USSR's critical economic situation as a result of its colossal military expenditures and expansionist policy in Afghanistan and elsewhere. The program drew a parallel between the old "cry wolf" fable and the "peaceloving" calls by Soviet leaders from Khrmshchev to Gorbachev, expressing the hope that, for the sake of the welfare of the Soviet people, Gorbachev was sincere when he called for a mutual reduction of arms in his New Year's message to the American people.

6. Media. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Matusevich, L 6:30) reviewed and commented on the Soviet central television youth program "On the 12th Floor," focusing on its latest"Telebridge Moscow-Tyumen" program in which top Komsomol and Goskino officials, as well as the planners of the Komsomol "12th Floor" program, discussed complaints by young viewers that the show was unappealing. and invited comments from viewers on how to improve the show. . The program discussed the dilemma facing Soviet TV program planners in the wake of top Soviet ideologue Ligachev's insistance in November that every minute of Soviet television time should be political and ideological as well as highly professional and appealing to viewers." Comment was also given on a remark by a Goskino official that "there are now ten videotheques in the USSR."

7. The Soviet Navy. Pegged to the retirement of Soviet Deputy Defense Minister and Commander in Chief of the Navy, Admiral Gorshkov, SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 6) recalled his prominent part in the buildup of the Soviet Navy since Khrushchev. Giving figures on the current state of the Soviet Navy, the program pointed out that Gorshkov was "pensioned" without any acknowledgement of his contribution and noted his successor Chernyavin's new approach to the role of the Soviet Navy.

8. The Fishing Industry. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Zimerman, M 5) gave facts and figures on the low consumption of fish in the USSR and attributed this to the central planning system and the state's policy of destroying the environment which has resulted in the virtual disappearance of fresh water fish in the USSR. The program noted the corruption scandal that occurred on the fishing ministry level and pointed to international measures that were taken to curb "Soviet fishing piracy" and the savage extermination of whales.

9. Siberia. THE FORTUNES OF SIBERIA (Kushev, M 8), a RERUN from 27 April 1985, noting that Siberia was and is still Moscow's economic colony, recalled his country's struggle for the defense of its interests since the middle of the 19th century and the first Siberian patriot's demands.

THE FORTUrEa OF SIBERIA (Polyakov, P 7:30), a RERUN from 27 April 1985, read the abridged version of an article in the Russian emigre newspaper Novoye Russkoye Slovo entitled "The Tragedy of the Village," based on the results of a study by the Siberian Zonal Research Institute of standard and experimental planning of dwelling houses and public buildings. 4

THE FORTUNES OF SIBERIA (Komarov-Wolfson, M 11:30), a RERUN from 27 April 1985, dealt with the ecological problems in southern Siberia and their possible consequences in the region of Lake Baikal.

10. Society. In STARTING THE DAY (Voznesenskaya, M 5) emigre writer Julia Voznesenskaya, compared life and relationships with people in a village near Munich and a village near Leningrad where neighbors cared for the needy and one did not have to lock one's house.

11. Literature. In RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Gladilin, P 6) emigre writer Anatoly Gladilin reviewed and praised the literary quality of Grigoriy Baklanov's story entitled "Evening Light," published in the December 1985 issue of Novy Mir. Gladilin examined a number of elements in Baklanov's story that prompted Soviet censorship to be lenient toward his treatment of the rapid rise of some Soviet officials during the Stalin terror in 1937.

12. Films. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Perouansky and Chertok, M 29) read the second installment of film critic Semen Chertok's article "Mikhail Romm: the Fate of an Artist," published in the latest issue of the West German -based emigre journal Grani. This installment dealt with Romm's film "Rebellion" which was retitled by Stalin "Lenin in October." The program was featured on the occasion of the upcoming 85th birthday of the great Soviet film director.

13. Religion. SUNDAY MASS (Rahr and Kholodnaya, M and NY 53) presented a Russian Orthodox religious service.

NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Benigsen, NY 7:30) was on Chritmas Eve.

An item by NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Fotiyev, M 5:30) was on Christmas Eve.

NOT in: BREAD ALONE ( Rahr, M 2), a RERUN from 29 December 1984, included a Church song by Russian composer Alexander Grechaninov who died in New York in 1956.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

None

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Economic Potentials of the Warsaw Pact and NATO. were examined by SIGNAL (Krasin, NY 5), which noted that the military and economic potentialities of a country or A group of countries are complementary due to the economy's decisive role, especially during protracted wars. In this context the program gave comparative figures on the gross national product of the , Warsaw Pact and NATO countries. 5

2. Human Rights. A review of the human rights situation in 1985 in HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 8) mentioned the 40th anniversary of the foundation of the UN, the 10th anniversary of the Helsinki agreement, the Ottawa conference, the Geneva summit, the campaign in support of Sakharov, Yelena Bonner's trip to the West, etc. The program was a RERUN from 25 December 1985.

3. International Terrorism. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Gladilin, P 2:30) briefly cited an article in Le Monde which commented on the terrorist incidents at the Vienna and Rome airports, the Soviet military presence in Libya, Gaddafi's use of Libya as a base for terrorists, and the omissions and distortions. contained in Izvestia's treatment of the airport incidents.

4. The Middle East. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Nudelman, Tel Aviv 6) reviewed and commented on the following developments in the region this past week: the results of the Assad-Hussein meeting in Damascus; Gemayel's talks in Damascus on the Syrian-sponsored Lebanese peace plan; the threat to Israel from Syrian missiles in Lebanon; increased terrorist attacks against Israeli targets in Lebanon and in Western Europe; the retaliatory options open to Israel; and Prime Minister Peres' call for a concerted international effort to fight terrorism.

5. The UN. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Silnitskaya, NY 6)., based on a CND report from the UN of December 19, cited US Ambassador to the UN Vernon Walters' comments welcoming the return to the UN of the good old traditions of balance and good tone. The program mentioned, in this connection, the important UN resolutions condemning terrorism, hostage taking, the human rights situation in Afghanistan and Iran, and the resolution calling for an international convention banning chemical weapons.

6. France. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Galdilin, P 2) briefly noted the political controversy in France when Le Matin de Paris and Liberation reprinted materials from The Sunday Times (London) compromsing the French ultra-right party The National Front and alleging that the party's elected representative to the European Parliament, Gustave Pordea, is a Romanian spy.

7. The Philippines. Depicting the political situation in that country as deteriorating because of the communist insurgency against President Marco's administration, SIGNAL (Shilyayev, M 5) gave comparative figures on the Philippine government's Armed Forces and the communist New People's Army. The latter's growing influence among the Philippine population was noted.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Rahr, M 14:30) read a passage from St. Matthew's Gospel on the birth of Christ.

NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 6 January 1984, commented on a passage from St. Matthew's Gospel on Christ's genealogy.

nd/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 4 JANUARY 1986:

THE ARAB LEAGUE HAS EXPRESSED SUPPORT FOR LIBYA AND WARNED THE US 410AGAINST A MILITARY RESPONSE TO LAST WEEK'S TERRORIST ATTACKS. THE ISRAELI ARMY HAS REFUSED TO COMMENT ON REPORTS THAT SYRIA HAS REMOVED THE MISSILES IT DEPLOYED IN LEBANON TWO WEEKS AGO. LEBANESE SHIITE LEADER BERRI SAYS PROGRESS HAS BEEN MADE IN EFFORTS TO FREE FOUR FRENCH HOSTAGES IN LEBANON. DIFFERENCES AMONG LEBANESE CHRISTIAN LEADERS ARE THREATENING THE NEW PEACE ACCORD. US PRESIDENT REAGAN SAYS THE us WOULD CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE FIGHT FOR FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY IN NICARAGUA. THE COLOMBIAN GOVERNMENT SAYS THE GUERRILLAS WHO ATTACKED THE PALACE OF JUSTICE IN NOVEMBER USED RIFLES AND MACHINE 'GUNS FROM NICARAGUA. THE COLOMBIAN GOVERNMENT HAS ORDERED EVACUATION OF LOW-LYING AREAS AROUND NEVADO DEL RUIZ VOLCANO AMID FEARS OF A NEW ERUPTION. TURKEY'S PRIME MINISTER OZAL SAYS A THREAT BY ISLAMIC JIHAD TO ATTACK TURKISH TARGETS IS MEANT TO HARM TURKISH-IRANIAN RELATIONS. IRAQ SAYS ITS PLANES HAVE ATTACKED IRANIAN TROOP POSITIONS AND MADE ANOTHER RAID ON IRAN'S OIL-EXPORTING TERMINAL AT KHARG ISLAND. AT LEAST FIVE MORE PEOPLE HAVE DIED IN SOUTH AFRICA IN RACE-RELATED VIOLENCE. RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for 5 January 1986 E. Romano and M. Rudin

A. USSR TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet -US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchyuk, W 3:30) highlighted articles in The New York Times and The Washington Post dealing with the reaction to President Reagan's televised New Year's greetings to the Soviet people. It was noted that some viewers saw in Reagan's comments about the inalienable rights of Americans, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and worship, an allusion to the violation of human rights in the USSR.

US TODAY (Rubin and Paramonov, NY 13) featured a talk about the prospects for Soviet-US relations in 1986 and the future course of US international policy. In this connection the program cited State Department official John Hughes and an article in US News and World Report by Prof. Ulam, both assessing positively the chances for an improvement in Soviet-US relations, and gave the gist of and commented on an article by Paul Johnson in US News and World Report on various aspects of US foreign policy.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. EMBATTLED AFGHANISTAN (Nadira hvili, M 23) cited an interview published in the Paris -based emigre paper Russkaya Mysl with French journalist and specialist on Afghan affairs Olivier Roi, who, among other things, provided an eye -witness account of the latest Soviet offensive in the Panjshir Valley and examined the military and political situation of the Mujahidin, the plight of Afghan civilians, and the Arab and Iranian religious and political influences on the Mujahidin. 2

He also spoke of the unsuccessful attemps by Soviet-Karmal troops to placate the population and form a cordon sanitaire around Soviet bases and of the USSR's long-range strategic plan of establishing a Soviet system in Afghanistan while at the same time making some cosmetic concessions, like a partial withdrawal of troops or the installation of a different government in Kabul. Roi also described his meetings with four Soviet soldiers, held captive by partisan Commander Massoud's group in the Panjshir Valley, and commented on their tragic fate and uncertain legal status.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 3:30) gave the translation of an editorial in The New York Times of January 2 which assessed the possibility of reaching a settlement in Afghanistan. The US has offered to act as a guarantor of a settlement.

EMBATTLED AFGHANISTAN (Kushev, M 6), a RERUN from January 2, gave a review of the worldwide condemnation of the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan on the occasion of the sixth anniversary of the invasion.

3. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva M 3:30 and Alexeyeva, NY 17), a RERUN from December 28, presented a commentary and a review of independent public activities in the USSR in 1985, noting, in particular, the growing involvement of young people in national, religious, pacifist, and political activities in the USSR.

4. Society. MODERN WOMAN (Gordin, M 2 and Voznesenskaya, M 8), a RERUN from December 12, commented on the debate in the Soviet press about the changing role of the "babushkas" (grandmothers) in the USSR, many of whom, after years of hard labor, refuse to raise their grandchildren and take care of their children's households.

MODERN WOMAN (Shapiro, M 6:30), a RERUN from December 22, commented on the hard lot of Soviet women who are forced to perform hard physical labor and take jobs that men reject as being not prestigious enough.

5. Films. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Perouansky, M 29) read the third installment of emigre film critic Semen Chertok's article entitled "Mikhail Ramat: the Fate of an Artist," published in issue No. 137 of the West German -based emigre journal Grani. This program discussed Romm's filmmaking activities during World War II and in the early 1960s. The program was pegged to the 85th anniversary of the late artist's birth.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Gabai, NY 9) discussed Soviet film director Andrey Mikhalkov-Konchalovsky's unusual career in Hollywood; reviewed his latestfilm "The Fugitive Train," saying that it is worse than his first Hollywood picture entitled "Maria's Lovers" and commented that the Soviet film industry apparently organized Mikhalkov's film career in the US much better than it did for the great Soviet film director Sergey Eisenstein. 3

6. Art. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME(Glezer, NY 10) the Director of the Jersey City -based Museum of Modern Russian Art in Exile reviewed the museum's activities during the five years since its establishment.

7. Russian Orthodox Christmas. STARTING THE DAY (Artemov, M 5) featured a talk on Jesus' birth, citing from Psalm 109.

On the occasion of the upcoming Russian Orthodox Christmas RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr, M 2; Benigsen, NY 9; Artemov, M 9; and Miloslavsky, Jerusalem 7) presented a Christmas sermon by Father Benigsen and sermons by Father Artemov on the meaning of Christmas, the four Gospels, contradictions among Evangelists on the origin of Jesus Christ, Old Testament passages on David, the second King of Israel, and Bethlehem and the Church of the Nativity. The program was a RERUN from 6 January 1984. 8. Hockey. WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 7) reported that the Soviet national hockey team lost to Czechoslovakia at the yearly ice hockey match organized by Izvestia and reviewed Soviet hockey's poor record in 1985.

B. CROSS-REPROTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The PRC. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gardon, M 5:30) dealt with problems facing scientists in the PRC, including low salaries and poor health due to exhaustion which, according to an article in The People's Daily, could result in the immigration of leading scientists to the West.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. International Terror and the US. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 5) discussed official US reaction to the Palestinian terrorist attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports noting, among other things, that the State Department believes that Abu Nidal's Palestinian guerrilla group carried out the attacks and that the US administration said that it would welcome an Israeli retaliatory act against terrorists. State Department spokesman Redman was cited. The program used an article in The Washington Post of January 3.

2. The Middle East and Terrorism. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Miloslavsky, Isr 8), pegged to recent terrorist acts at two European airports, discussed international terrorism in the future, citing from a report entitled 1111 New Type of World War," and examined the activities and goals of various Palestinian groups in the Arab-Israeli conflict.

3. Iceland. MODERN WOMAN (Kushev, M 3:30), a RERUN from December 22, reported on the general strike by women workers in Iceland denanding equal pay for equal work.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Celebration of Christmas in the US was described by US TODAY (Rubin, Paramonov, and Dovlatov, NY 16).

nd/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS 4I0JANUARY 1986: OF

LIBYAN LEADER MUAMMAR SADDAFI HAS AGAIN THREATENED SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AMERICA IF THE US ATTACKS LIBYA. ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER PERES HAS COgFIRMED THAT SYRIA HAS PULLED BACK ITS MOBILE ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILES FROM LEBANON. A POLISH TELEVISION OFFICIAL IS RESIGNING BECAUSE OF TECHNICAL FLAWS IN A NEW YEAR'S EVE INTERVIEW WITH GENERAL JARUZELSKI. THE COUNTDOWN HAS ADVANCED SMOOTHLY FOR MONDAY'S LAUNCH OF THE US SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA TO STUDY HALLEY'S COMET. SOUTH AFRICA'S DEFENSE MINISTER SAYS SOUTH AFRICA AGAINST WILL RETALIATE GUERILLAS WHO PLANTED A MINE THAT KILLED TWO WHITES. IRAQ SAYS ITS PLANES HAVE CARRIED OUT RAIDS AGAINST EXPORT IRAN'S OIL- TERMINAL AT KHARG ISLAND AND AGAINST A LARGE NAVAL TARGET. AUS DELEGATION IS IN BANGKOK ON ITS WAY TO HANOI FOR TALKS ON 1INERICAN SOLDIERS MISSING IN ACTION DURING THE VIETNAM WAR. THE SPANISH GOVERNMENT SAYS IF IT LOSES A REFERENDUM ON SPAIN'S CONTINUED NATO MEMBERSHIP, IT MIGHT CALL EARLY ELECTIONS. RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Monday, January 6 1986 D. Felton

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gordin, M 4) gave the contents of an article by Afghan Zalmay Halilzade in the weekly Die Zeit in which he summed up the year 1985 in Afghanistan. He noted, in particular, Soviet pressure on Pakistan and Iran, a drive to isolate the partisans, and compxomise proposals such as that advanced by Zbigniew Brzezinski.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4:30) observed that the Soviet Army is using Afghanistan as a training ground, and the experience gained is being applied in Eastern Europe (in maneuvers), Angola, and Nicaragua. The program cited British military expert David Easby and US Assistant Defense Secretary, Richard Armitage.

2. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1 and Alexeyeva, NY 19), a RERUN from January 1, gave a breakdown of political trials in the USSR in 1985 according to category of persons sentenced (religious believers, human rights activists, etc.).

3. The Emigration. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Dovlatov, NY 6) reviewed last year's issues of the Russian emigre journal Grani, paying tribute to the editorship of Georgy Vladimov.

4. The Leadership. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, M 6) commented on the replacement of Vladimir Promyslov as Chairman of the Moscow Council's Executive Committee by Valery Saykin, placing it in the context of the replacement of Viktor Grishin, First Secretary of the Moscow City Party 2

Committee and a possible rival of Gorbachev, and in general of the top-level reshuffle being conducted by Gorbachev. The next CPSU Central Committee, the program noted, will be Gorbachev's.

5. The Economy. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Bakhtamov, M 6:30), noting Gorbachev's observation on the sluggish pace of technical progress in the Soviet economy, showed that by its nature the Soviet system is ill-adapted to absorbing scientific and technical innovations, since this demands economic freedom, and, in turn, political freedom which threatens the very basis of the system: namely, the unlimited power of the party apparatus.

6. The Law. On HUMAN RIGHTS (Kaminskaya, W 8), a RERUN from January 3, a former Moscow defense lawyer said that amendments of Soviet criminal law strengthening the legal position of private citizens anonymously slandered, and also of persons making criticism of superiors anonymously for fear of reprisal, are certainly a positive development, but the question is whether they will be systematically enforced.

7. The Media. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Kushev, M 6) said that the Soviet media have indeed become sharper and more interesting under Gorbachev: examples being the publication in Literaturnaya Gazeta of speeches by Yevtushenko and others at the recent congress of the RSFSR Writers Union expressing frank concern over the environmental problem and censorship pressures in the USSR. However, said the program, this does not mean any relaxation of rigid ideological control, as indicated by the official instructions sent to the chief editors of the principal Soviet newspapers.

8. The Environment. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 6) gave the contents of an article by The New York Times Moscow correspondent Philip Taubman on the growing concern in the USSR over environmental damage. The article refers to the renewal at the Geneva summit of a US-Soviet agreement on cooperation in environmental protection. 9. The KGB. PANORAMA and EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Mirsky, P 6:30) drew attention to a book, soon to appear on Paris bookstalls, on the activities of a high KGB officer known as "Farewell" who worked for French counterintelligence.

10. Siberia. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (voznWWWER-iya, m 7) said that while in the West a construction project is called a construction project, in Siberia it is a "front." However, in the Soviet press there are indications that young people are getting tired of this romanticism and are deserting the "front," dissatisfied with the primitive conditions.

11. Culture. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Perouansky, M 23) featured the fourth and final installment of an article by Soviet emigre film critic Semen Chertok in the 137th issue of Grani on the life and work of the late Soviet film director flikhail Romm on the occasion of the 85th anniversary of his birth. In this installment, Chertok talks about Romm's film Ordinary Fascism, in which he exposes the nature of totalitarian systems, including the Soviet one. 3

CULTURE , FATES, TIME (Kublanovsky, P 10:30) discussed a samizdat book entitled A Key to Gogol by V. D. Nosov which was published last year in London by Overseas Publications. Nosov presents Gogol above all as a religious thinker.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Gollerbakh, NY 7:30) reported on an exhibition in New York's Rachel Adler Gallery of the works of Russian avant-garde artist, Lyubov Popova.

12. Religion. HUMAN RIGHTS (Yudovich, M 8:30), a RERUN from January 3, contrasted Soviet official insistence that human rights were guaranteed by the USSR's socialist system, with an antireligious article in the Soviet press.

SPECIAL FEATURE (Rahr, M 109:30 and Galskoy, M 54:30) presented Russian Orthodox Christmas vespers and matins conducted by Archbishop Antony in San Francisco. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Rahr, M 18; Artemov, M 3:30; and Shmeman, NY 7), a RERUN from 6 January 1986, included a talk by Father Mikhail Pomazansky from the Russian Orthodox seminary of Jordanville, New York urging the "wise men" of our time to hear the Christmas message, a talk on the Magi and their meaning for believers, and a talk by the late Father Shmeman on Christmas.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Malinkovich, M 5) gave the main theses of the economic reform program recently proposed by Solidarity's Provisional Coordinating Commission.

PANORAMA (Kh. Peterson, M 9) also highlighted the main economic reform proposals put forward by Solidarity's Provisional Coordinating Commission. The program took issue with Jaruzelski's "normalization" claims in his New Year's TV interview. 2. Eastern Europe. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Malinkovich, M 16:30) gave the text of an article by Prague Spring economist Ota Sik in the journal Problems of Eastern Europe in which he analyzes the centralized planning system imposed on the East European countries by the USSR which fails to motivate the workers or properly satisfy the needs of the consumer. Sik urges a radical restructuring of these economies based on the introduction of market mechanisms.

3. The PRC. PANORAMA (Gardon, M 8) said that the PRC leadership, including Deng Xiaoping himself, is far less united and sure of itself regarding its program of economic reform and "open doors" to the outside world than it was a year ago. The program pointed to such problems as inflation, sharp food price increases, irregular distribution of capital investment, and the continued low standard of living in rural areas. 4

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US-Libya. PANORAMA (Tarasenkov, W 4:30) gave a chronology of the tension between the US and Libya in the wake of the Rome and Vienna airport terrorist attacks.

2. The Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 3:30) backgrounded the Syrian withdrawal of antiaircraft missiles from the Lebanon, saying that all observers agree that it in no way alters the military balance in the region. The New York Times was quoted.

3. The Philippines. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Dubinsky, W 3:30) cited commentaries in the US, particularly by the The Washington Post, on the upcoming presidential elecITTais in the Philippines, specifically on the lineup of leftist forces.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. STARTING THE DAY (Artemov, M 5) reflected on the spiritual comfort to be derived from contemplating Jesus in his crib.

There was no WORLD TODAY

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: an article in Die Zeit on the year 1985 in Afghanistan (Gordin, M 4); the Soviet Army's use of Afghanistan as a testing ground (Muslin, NY 4:30); the case of a high KGB officer working for French counterintelligence (Mirsky, P 6:30); Syria's withdrawal of antiaircraft missiles from the Lebanon (Polishchuk, W 3:30); growing concern in the USSR over environmental damage (Silnitskaya, NY 6); and comments in the US on the upcoming presidential elections in the Philippines (Dubinsky, W 3:30).

ct/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 6 JANUARY 1986:

THE US AND ISRAEL HAVE RENEWED APPEALS FOR WESTERN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST LIBYA.

THE ISLAMIC CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION HAS BEGUN A FIVE-DAY MEETING WITH THE MIDDLE EAST, THE GULF, AND AFGHANISTAN HIGH ON THE AGENDA. POLAND'S SUPREME COURT HAS POSTPONED HEARING AN APPEAL BY JAILED SOLIDARITY LEADERS MICHNIK, LIS,AND FRASYNIUK. IN THE POLISH CITY OF KOSZALIN, A FOURTH NEWBORN BABY HAS DIED AND 27 ARE SERIOUSLY ILL AFTER BEING STRICKEN BY AN INFECTION. US PRESIDENT REAGAN HAS SENT GREETINGS TO ALL ORTHODOX BELIEVERS CELEBRATING CHRISTMAS DAY.

THE WIFE OF SOVIET ANATOLY SHCHARANSKY SAYS HE HAS BEEN SENTENCED TO A NEW SIX-MONTH TERM IN THE JAIL Of A SOVIET LABOR CAMP. PAKISTAN'S COMMISSIONER FOR AFGHAN REFUGEES SAYS THE FLOW OF AFGHAN REFUGEES INTO PAKISTAN HAS INCREASED BECAUSE OF HEAVY FIGHTING. TURKISH PRIME MINISTER TURGUT OZAL SAYS TURKEY AND IRAN HAVE AGREED TO DEVELOP CLOSER TIES.

A HUNGARIAN MINORITY HASAZINE IN ROMANIA MICH HAS BEEN PUBLISHED IN HUNGARIAN FOR THE PAST 38 YEARS IS TO SWITCH TO ROMANIAN. MINE AUTHORITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA HAVE DISMISSED 20,000 BLACK WORKERS IN A BID TO BREAK A OLD STRIKE AT A PLATINUM MINE. THE LAUNCH OF THE US SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA HAS BEEN POSTPONED. LEBANESE PRESIDENT GEMAYEL HAS APPEALED FOR INTERNATIONAL HELP IN TRYING TO PERSUADE ISRAEL TO REMOVE ITS TROOPS FROM SOUTH LEBANON. A MEMBER OF YUGOSLAVIA'S STATE PRESIDENCY BRANKO MIKULIC, HAS BEEN NOMINATED CANDIDATE FOR FEDERAL PRIME MINISTER.

*) RL NEWS SERVICE AND THE BULGARIAN SERVICE DID NOT USE THIS ITEM. RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Tuesday, 7 January 1986 D. Felton

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 4) looked at the prospects for the development of US-Soviet trade, noting the political hindrances -- in particular the restrictions imposed by the US as a result of Soviet domestic and foreign policies (emigration, Afghanistan) -- and economic hindrances such as the monopolistic character of Soviet foreign trade, which hampers business contacts; the inconvertibility of the ruble; and the Soviet shortage of hard currency.

2. Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 12) spoke of the difficulties facing the Afghan resistance movement as a result of the Soviet scorched-earth policy and the disturbance of communications with refugee camps in Pakistan, in particular as a result of Soviet/Kabul incitement of Pushtun tribes in Pakistan. The program also said the resistance movement still shows insufficient unity, which is hampering effective representation on the world arena: particular concern is being shown in the West over growing Islamic fanaticism, also anti-Western in nature, in certain resistance parties and groupings. In this connection the program pointed out that most of the fanatical Islamic agitators, who have recently been appearing in Afghan refugee camps in Pakistan, come from countries such as Syria, Libya, Algeria, and South Yemen, which are under strong Soviet influence.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4) drew attention to the Sovietization of the Afghan education system and the sending of Afghan children to the USSR to receive a Soviet education. The program noted international efforts to provide an independent Afghan education system.

3. USSR-Eastern Europe. AMERICAN SCHOLARS ON THE USSR (Shragin, NY 20) gave the abridged text of a paper delivered by Prof. Wojciech Mastny of Boston University at a conference at Harvard University's Russian studies center in which he spoke of t.

the attempts in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland to relieve the burden of Soviet domination and expressed the view that the Soviet role in determining the fates of the East European countries is steadily waning.

4. USSR-Asia. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4:30) spoke of a newif-15-5f Soviet diplomacy in Asia under Gorbachev, characterized by initiatives in relations with the PRC, North Korea, Japan, and the ASEAN countries.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 2 and Davydov W 18:30) was devoted to Soviet dissident poet Nizametdin Akhmetov, who has been incarcerated in a psychiatric prison in Alma-Ata, and included readings of his poems.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Perouansky, M 29), a RERUN from 8 January 1977, read an excerpt from Boris Shiryayev's book The Inextinguishable /con-Lamp, published by the Chekhov publishing house in New York in 1954, in which the author describes how he and his fellow prisoners improvised a Christmas celebration in a concentration camp on the Solovki Islands.

6. The Leadership. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 5:30) cited Western Sovietologists on signs that not all members of the Soviet leadership unconditionally back Gorbachev. They refer, for example, to skeptical comments on the results of the Geneva summit by Ukrainian party CC secretary Shcherbitsky and military leaders, such as Chief of the General Staff Akhromeyev, and Ligachev's more orthodox position on economic and ideological matters.

7. The Economy. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Shapiro, M 9:30) said that the Soviet leadership, for political reasons, is afraid to abolish the purely administrative methods of running the economy and is always hoping that a "magic wand" will extricate the economy from its impasse. The latest "magic wand" is giving the enterprises independence. In practice, however, the independence which has been given to some enterprises on an experimental basis is virtually nonexistent. Even if the enterprises were given genuine independence, said the program, in the absence of Western-style competition, this would be to the detriment of the consumer.

8. Agriculture. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Alexeyev, NY 6:30) gave the contents of a paper delivered at a Harvard University conference last year by American Sovietologist Prof. Raymond Goldberg in which he recounted what Soviet agricultural specialists told him during his visit to the USSR on proposed measures to boost Soviet agriculture by, among other things, improving agricultural management and increasing material incentives for collective and state farm workers. Goldberg also spoke of Soviet hopes to considerably reduce grain imports. 3

9. Health. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Rayvicher, M 10) gave backgroundon AIDS and noted that last month Soviet academician Zhdanov conceded that there were an "insignificant" number of AIDS cases in the USSR. The program doubted that the number is "insignificant" but expressed the hope that Zhdanov's assurance of intensive research into AIDS is not just a propaganda phrase.

10. The Environment. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, M 9) noted increasingly frequent expression in the Soviet press of grave concern over environmental ravages in the USSR. Special reference was made to a recent letter by prominent Russian writers in Sovetskaya Rossiya against the Siberian river reversal plan. The program named as factors conducive to environmental damage in the USSR the absence of a democratic right to criticize the government and the priority given to fulfilling production plans.

11. Culture. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Glikman, M 14:30) Soviet emigre artist and sculptor Gavriil Glikman continued to talk about the "great experiment" of the Russian avant-garde artists, focusing on Malevich and Suyetin, whom he knew personally. The program noted that the works of the avant-gardists are not displayed in the USSR, being branded as "bourgeois modernism."

12. Russian Christmas. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Rahr, M 18; Artemov, M 3:30; and Shmeman, NY 7), a RERUN from 6 January 1985, included a talk by Father Mikhail Pomazansky from the Russian Orthodox seminary of Jordanville, New York urging the "wise men" of our time to hear the Christmas message, a talk on the Magi and their meaning for believers, and a talk by the late Father Shmeman on Christmas.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Cambodia. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 7) viewed the seventh anniversary of the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia in the general context of political and military developments in Indochina following World War II.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Italy and International Terrorism. PANORAMA (Bensi, M 6) outlined Italian reaction to the terrorist attack at the Rome airport, noting Defense Minister Spadolini's insistence that Italy's relations with Libya should not be dictated by purely economic interests. The Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, was quoted that terrorism has become an instrument of circles connected with the power systems of certain developing countries. 4

2. The Iran-Iraq War. PANORAMA (Predtechevsky, M 3:15), commenting on the Iraqi report that Iraqi forces had regained a part of the island of Madschun, said the very scale and nature of the operation testifies to the stalemate in the Iran-Iraq War.

3. France. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Mirsky, P 6) reported on the controversy in France surrounding the purchase of a further newspaper, Progres de Lyon, by press tycoon Robert Hersant.

4. The US. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rubin, Muslin, and Krasin, NY 10:30), a RERUN from 22 December 1985, used an article in US News and World Report to discuss the prospects of technological progress in the US during the next decade and its social and economic implications.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. STARTING THE DAY (Artemov, M 5) gave a Christmas message about God's love of mankind.

WORLD TODAY (Limberger, M 30) featured programming on the following topics: the Italian reaction to the terrorist attack at Rome airport (Bensi, M 5); the situation in Afghanistan (Nadirashvili, M 6:30); the Sovietization of Afghan youth (Muslin, NY 3:30); the prospects for US-Soviet trade (Chianurov, M 3:30); and the stalemate in the Iran-Iraq War (Predtechevsky, M 3:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: Western Sovietologists on indications that not all members of the Soviet leadership unconditionally back Gorbachev (Silnitskaya, NY 5:30); the Sovietization of Afghan youth (Muslin, NY 4); the controversy in France surrounding the purchase of another newspaper by press tycoon Robert Hersant (Mirsky, P 6); Soviet diplomatic initiatives in Asia under Gorbachev (Muslin, NY 4:30); and the seventh anniversary of the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia (Predtechevsky, M 7).

hpf/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS 7 JANUARY 19861 IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF

MOVES TO CURB TERRORISM WERE ANNOUNCED IN SOME COUNTRIES ArID RONALD REAGAN WILL AND REPORTS CLAMP NEW US ECONOMIC RESTRICTIONS ON LIBYA. TOST OF THE MUSLIM WORLD EXPRESSED SOLIDARITY IT FACES MILITARY WITH LIBYA, WHICH SAYS THREATS FROM THE US AND ISRAEL. ISRAEL'S DEFENSE MINISTER WARNED RESIDENTS SUFFER IF OF SOUTH LEBANON THEY WILL CROSS-BORDER ROCKET ATTACKS DO NOT STOP. US AGRICULTURE SECRETARY JOHN BLOCK RESIGNED. CHARTER 77 NAMED THREE NEW SPOKESMEN FOR THE COMING YEAR. TODOR ZHIVKOV PROPOSED TALKS WITH KENAN EVREN TO RESOLVE THE BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. PROBLEMS REPORTS SAID RECENT FIGHTING IN KABUL MAY HAVE INVOLVED RIVAL COMMUNIST PARTY FACTIONS AND BEEN THAT FOUR OR FIVE AFGHAN GENERALS HAD ARRESTED FOR HELPING THE RESISTANCE. US OFFICIAL CHESTER CROCKER WILL MEET ANGOLAN IN SOUTH AFRICA. LEADERS AND HAVE TALKS

AlliE WIFE OF IMPRISONED SOLIDARITY 7ME HAD ACTIVIST WLADYSLAW FRASYNIUK SAID AGAIN BEEN DENIED VISITS AND PACKAGES. THE US NATIONAL CONFERENCE 'ON SOVIET JEWRY PLANS AN CAMPAIGN TO PUBLICIZE INFORMATION SOVIET RESTRICTIONS ON JEWISH EMIGRATION. THE HEAD OF THE INTERNATIONAL CHESS FEDERATION ARRIVED IN MOSCOW TO DISCUSS A PROPOSED WORLD TITLE REMATCH. A US OFFICIAL SAID VIETNAM HAD AGREED THAT MISSING TO INQUIRE INTO THE POSSIBILITY US SOLDIERS MAY STILL BE ALIVE. - YET ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO LAUNCH THE US SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA FAILED MIS TIME BECAUSE OF BAD WEATHER. -- = RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Wednesday, 8 January 1986 D. Felton and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 1) cited President Reagan's press conference statements on the Soviet wish for a postponement of the next summit meeting until the fall, and his remark to Gorbachev in Geneva that the USSR's support for international terrorism is an obstacle to genuine trust between the US and the USSR.

2. Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4) cited reports by Western diplomats in Islamabad that four Afghan generals have been arrested on a charge of giving the partisans advance information on Soviet troop movements. The program spoke of several instances of Soviet offensives having failed because the partisans were forewarned and said that, ironically, the Afghan Army was very pro-Soviet prior to the invasion. It was noted that Soviet troops are very cautious when carrying out joint operations with the Aghan Army. Western diplomats were also quoted on a shootout in the presidential palace and elsewhere, evidently between members of the rival Khalk and Parcham factions of the Afghan Communist Party.

PANORAMA (Salkazanova, P 4:30) also cited Le Matin de Paris and Le Monde on the arrest of four (according to Le Monde, five) Afghan generals for giving the Afghan partisans advance warning of Soviet troop movements. The program author recalled in this connection an RL interview she conducted with a partisan commander in which he said that even if there were Afghan intelligence agents among his men, he was not concerned, since none of his units had ever been ambushed. Evidently, the agents either would not or could not inform their superiors of the partisans' operations, while he received advance notice of Soviet operations. 2

3. USSR-PLO. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weinstein, W 5) pointed to a warming of relations between the USSR and Arafat's PLO evidenced by the visit to Moscow by Arafat's top adviser Kaddumi, which was mainly devoted to preparing a visit to the USSR by Arafat himself.

4. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 5 and Malinkovich, M 15:30) commented on the arrival in Moscow of Stephanie Peltier, the wife of American Indian Leonard Peltier, imprisoned for killing two people, and her press conference at which she thanked the Soviet people for supporting her husband. The program took issue with the Soviet press calling Peltier a political prisoner, and compared the ease with which Stephanie Peltier is allowed to leave the US and campaign for her husband in the USSR, and the bitter struggle which had to be waged by Sakharov's wife to leave the USSR for medical treatment. The program included a RERUN from 27 February 1985 of an open letter by Soviet political prisoners Olga Matusevich and Lidia Doronina (AS-5364) to Lithuanian poet Eduardas Mezelaitis taking issue with his defense of Leonard Peltier.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Polishchuk, W 5) reported on a press conference held on the premises of the US Congress by the council of Jewish organizations in defense of Soviet Jewry on the case of seriously ill Soviet-Jewish refusenik Inna Kitrosskaya-Meiman, who wants to go to the West for medical treatment. The program cited a statement by American student Liza Paul, who became acquainted with the Meimans in Moscow, and a letter by Senator Gary Hart interceding on their behalf. The program also referred to an interview given to The New York Times by the president of the American National Conference in Support of Soviet Jewry announcing that his organization would launch a new campaign on the eve of the next Reagan-Gorbachev summit.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fiszbein, M 27 and Sinyavsky, P 2) was entirely devoted to the late Soviet writer and long-time political prisoner Varlam Shalamov on the occasion of the upcoming fourth anniversary of his death. The program included a brief tribute by Soviet emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky and readings of his stories "Resurrection of the Larch," from the book of the same name published last year in Paris by the YMCA press, and "At Night," from his Tales from Kolyma.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Shragin, NY 8:30) included a discussion of the right to seek, receive, and impart information, giving the crimes of Hitler and Stalin as illustrating how important this right is, and how the more inhumane a political regime is, the more thoroughly it strives to conceal its crimes. However, the revolution in information technology is making such secrecy increasingly difficult. The program noted the role of samizdat in bringing to light human rights violations in the USSR, and the resultant decline in the USSR's international prestige. The 3

relevant passages in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Pact on Civil and Political Rights signed by the USSR were quoted and attention was drawn to the restrictions on the right to seek, receive, and impart information contained in the Soviet constitution.

5. Emigration and Emigres. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 2), using an AP report, said the sharp decline in the number of persons allowed to emigrate from the USSR since 1979 is a direct consequence of the Afghan War. Figures were given on the proportion of Soviet Jews emigrating to Israel and the US, and TASS was quoted as dashing hopes in the West that this year the number of Soviet emigres would again rise to about 50,000. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Weinstein, W 11) included an interview with emigre Soviet conductor Maksim Shostakovich after the premiere of Eugene Onegin staged and conducted by him at the end of last year.

6. The Economy. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 6:30) gave the contents of an article by Elizabeth Pond in The Christian Science Monitor, which cites the view of Western and many Soviet economists that a lasting improvement of the USSR's economic performance is only possible if market elements are introduced.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Zimmermann, M 6) commented on the present official economy drive in which the Soviet public is reminded how much wasted breadcrumbs, dripping water faucets, the dissipation of watts of electric power, lateness at work by even a few seconds, etc. are costing the national economy. The program contrasted this with the massive wastage for which the authorities are responsible. 7. Oil. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 5:30), pegged to an article in Izvestia of January 7 expressing concern over the unsatisfactory rate of oil production in the USSR, gave some of the reasons for the underfulfillment of the production plans (natural difficulties, remoteness of oilfields, obsolete and wasteful drilling methods, poor living conditions for the workers, etc.) and listed as adverse political and economic consequences, the nonfulfillment of other economic plans, including those to raise the standard of living, and reduced hard currency earnings.

8. Society. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Kaminskaya, W 7:30) pointed to evidence that the antialcoholism campaign has so far failed to produce any noticeable results, namely the issue of a further Supreme Soviet Presidium decree only a few months after a previous one, and the publication in Izvestia last November of a talk with USSR Deputy Procurator General 4

Naydenov, in which he admitted that the punitive measures introduced by the decree were, in practice, being ignored. The program expressed skepticism that alcoholism can be successfully combatted by administrative measures, saying that it is a consequence more of an absence of conditions for a decent life.

In STARTING THE DAY (Voznesenskaya, M 5) Soviet emigre poetess Yulia Voznesenskaya spoke about two women she knew in the USSR of the highest spiritual qualities: the poetess and translator Tatyana Gnedich and a simple and kind-hearted working woman, Anna Okulova. Voznesenskaya said that kindness to others is not something which is officially taught under the Soviet system.

9. The Environment. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Tolz, M 7:30) continued to read from emigre Soviet ecologist Komarov's Ecological Sketches on the problems raised for the future by the pollution of the natural environment in the USSR.

10. Moldavia. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Krimerman, M 5:30) observed that the high-quality wines produced in Moldavia are virtually unavailable to the general public. Under the campaign against alcoholism, tens of thousands of workers have been transferred to other agricultural sectors and the production of wine for sale has been forbidden.

11. Literature. In RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Yermolayev, W 9:30) American Prof. German Yermolayev read the final installment of his essay on the theme of terror in Soviet writer Yury Trifonov's novel The Old Man.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 6:30) discussed the findings of a study by Klaus Mehnert on the reading habits of the Soviet public which was conducted in the USSR. 12. Religion. PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 3) gave the text of President Reagan's Christmas message to Orthodox Christians in the USSR and elsewhere.

THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Rahr, M 5:30) also gave the text of President Reagan's Christmas message to Orthodox Christians in the USSR and the rest of the world. The program contrasted the message with that of Patriarch Pimen, a man clearly unversed in military matters, which contained an appeal against an arms race in space.

13. History. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Geller, P 6:30) featured the eighth installment of a series on the famine of 1921. 5

RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Tolz, M 3) read the text of a Soviet decree of January 1919 ordering mass terror against the cossacks which was taken from Sergey Starikov's and Roy Medvedev's book, Philip Mironov and the Russian Civil War.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kh. Peterson, M 7) highlighted Walesa's New Year's message to the Polish people, in which he gave a quite different appraisal of Poland in 1985 than did Jaruzelski, but expressed optimism for the future as a result of the profound changes which had taken place in the people's consciousness and welcomed the renewal of the US-Soviet dialogue. He added, however, that East-West relations must be based on respect for the sovereignty of all countries and peoples. Reference was also made to New Year's messages from Jacek Kuron, who called on the regime to start a dialogue with the people in order to solve the country's grave problems; Anna Walentynowicz; and Zbigniew Bujak.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. International Terrrorism. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 5) reported on President Reagan's press conference at which he announced economic sanctions against Libya in connection with last month's terrorist attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 5) noted extensive US press coverage of President Reagan's press conference and cited House Majority Leader Jim Wright's expression of full support for the President's decision to impose economic sanctions on Libya, and State Department official Robert Oakley, who called for joint Western action against international terrorism.

PANORAMA (Bensi, M 5) reported on the refusal of West European countries to join the US in imposing sanctions on Libya, giving the arguments adduced by these countries against sanctions and citing positions taken by the West German, Italian, British, and Austrian governments. However, the program concluded, a considerable section of the West European press does not support such restraint: the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung was quoted by way of example.

2. US-Latin America. PANORAMA (Dubinsky, W 3:30) reported on President Reagan's meeting with Mexican President De la Madrid, citing a commentary in The Washington Post, which noted a softening of the Mexican position on Nicaragua, and a statement by President Reagan himself, who, in his weekly radio address, said the problems of Central America could only be solved by political and economic freedom. 6

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Benigsen, NY 9) included a Christmas talk on the birth of Christ.

THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Miloslavsky, Jerusalem 12:30), in a program on the Holy Land at the time of Christ's birth, . described the reign of Herod.

WORLD TODAY (Kushev, M 30) featured programming on the following topics: President Reagan's Christmas message to Orthodox Christians (Muslin, M 3); the arrest of four Afghan generals charged with collaborating with the partisans (Salkazanova, P 4:30); President Reagan's press conference (Weinstein, W 5); the reluctance of West European countries to join the US in applying sanctions against Libya (Bensi, M 3:30); and Soviet oil production difficulties (Chianurov, M 5:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: reaction in the US to President Reagan's press conference (Tarasenkov, W 5); the latest developments in Afghanistan (Muslin, NY 4); a warming of Soviet-PLO relations (Weinstein, W 5); New Year's messages by Walesa and other Solidarity activists (Kh.Peterson, M 7); and Elizabeth Pond in The Christian Science Monitor on the question of a reform of the Soviet economy (Silnitskaya, NY 6:30).

hpf/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES.AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 8 JANUARY 1986:

RONALD REAGAN FROZE LIBYAN ASSETS IN THE US AND HIS ADMINISTRATION el WARNED IT WOULD HUNT DOWN THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR TERROR ACTS. THE LIBYAN SITUATION CONTINUED TO DOMINATE A MEETING OF THE ISLAMIC CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION IN MOROCCO. FOUR EAST EUROPEAN AMBASSADORS TO THE UN MET THE UN SECRETARY-GENERAL TO PROTEST NEW US TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS ON THEIR DIPLOMATS. THE SOVIET AND CHINESE FOREIGN MINISTERS ARE TO MEET THREE TIMES THIS YEAR FOR TALKS ON IMPROVING RELATIONS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. CHINA RENEWED DEMANDS FOR SOVIET FORCES TO LEAVE AFGHANISTAN. REPORTS SAID A SOVIET SCHOOLGIRL WHO BELONGS TO AN UNOFFICIAL PEACE MOVEMENT HAD BEEN ARRESTED AND PUT INTO A MENTAL HOSPITAL AFTER DEMONSTRATING. NORTH KOREA RENEWED A DEMAND TO CO -HOST THE 1988 SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES AND PROPOSED A UNIFIED NORTH AND SOUTH KOREAN TEAM. YET ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO LAUNCH THE US SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA WAS CALLED OFF. SIX US CONGRESSMEN WHO OPPOSE APARTHEID MET SOUTH AFRICAN PRESIDENT PIETER BOTHA AND URGED ABOLITION OF RACE LAWS. RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis Thursday, January 9, 1986 D. Felton

A. USSR TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet -US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 4:30) noted an increase in the number of US tourists visiting the USSR, growing interest on the part of American students in the USSR and the Russian language, and a broadening of US - Soviet cultural and scientific exchanges in the wake of the Reagan-Gorbachev summit. The program cited President Reagan's observation following the summit to the effect that direct contacts between Soviet and US citizens destroy the usual stere- otypes each side has about the other, promote friendly relations, and neutralize the effect of propaganda.

PANORAMA (Polishchuk, W 4:30) cited an article by The Washington Post's Moscow correspondent Celestine Bohlen on press conference statements by Soviet Foreign Ministry spokesman Lomeyko attacking the US for its policy toward Libya, and another press conference in Moscow at which recent American films were sharply criticized as anti-Soviet. The program quoted American observers that while the Soviet press is full of general declarations about the "spirit of Geneva," the Soviet propaganda machine is still being used in a "cold war" against the US.

PANORAMA (Dubinsky, W 4) gave the contents of a recent article in The Washington Post by Frederick Starr, President of Oberlin College, in which he speaks of obstacles to the development of cultural exchanges between US and Soviet youth: namely, the probable refusal of the Soviet authorities to allow large numbers of young people to visit the US and the small number of Americans who know Russian. 2

2. Afghanistan. SPECIAL FEATURE (Nadirashvili, M 20) gave details of the massive Sovietization drive in Afghanistan and said that while the Soviet/Kabul policy of trying to win over supporters (including by bribery), depriving the partisans of popular sttyport and cutting off the partisans' lines of communication with refugee campsis having a degree of success in some areas, as a result of Karmal's circumspection in conducting the Sovietization campaign, the Soviet/Kabul military strategy is continuing to fail. The partisans have improved their tactics, they are better armed, and are inflicting heavy losses on the Soviet forces, which have become demoralized. THe second segment of the program noted that while Gorbachev is probably quite sincere in wanting an end to the war in Afghanistan, he has two obstacles to overcome; the first is opposition by the military. In this connection, the program drew attention to a contradiction between a recent Pravda edito. rial admitting that mistakes had been made in the Afghan revolutionary process and urging the need for an end to the bloodshed and articles in the army newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda lauding the Soviet army's activities in Afghanistan. The second obstacle is that a Soviet troop withdrawal would lead to the fall of the Karmal regime and destroy the thesis of the irreversibility of the revolutionary process. This would threaten the ideological basis of the Soviet regime itself.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 4:30) drew attention to statements by the first deputy head of the CPSU CC's International Affairs Department, Vadim Zagladin, in an interview to l'Humanite published on January 9, to the effect that the USSR did not intend to stay in Afghanistan indefinitely and that the Kabul government was not carrying out a socialist revolution but a democratic one in which there would be a place for everyone, including the petty bourgeoisie. Zagladin also said that the Afghan leaders reiterated that the departure of the Soviet troops depended on the security of the frontiers and that everything possible is being done to speed up a political settlement. However, said the program, the world judges Soviet policies not by its promises.

PANORAMA (Shapiro, M 7) drew attention to an article by Air Marshal Kirsanov in Krasnaya Zvezda of 15 November 1985 which reflects, in a veiled form, Soviet concern over heavy losses of aircraft in Afghanistan as a result of the fact that the partisans now have surface-to-air missiles at their disposal.

3. Dissidents and Human Rights. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 5:30) commented on the present campaign in the USSR in support of the imprisoned American Indian Leonard Peltier, whose wife lawyer, and friend are now in the USSR. The program gave the facts of the Peltier case, explaining that he was sentenced at an open trial for the killing of two FBI agents. The program described as absurd the comparison drawn by Peltier's lawyer between the Peltier and Sakharov cases, as well as the description by the Literaturnaya Gazeta correspondent of American Indian reservations as concentration camps. 3

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE Alexeyeva, (Fedoseyeva, M 4; NY 6:30) noted Vladimov, M religicus the TAM 10; and writer Felix report that on sentenced Svetov had been January 8, to banishment tried in Moscow abroad of from that city and literary works for the system. of his which publication This was followed slandered the of a talk by a RERUN Soviet about Svetov from 19 December Georgy by his friend, 19C5 Vladimov. The Soviet emigre of political program concluded writer prisoner with a case on the and Christian history occasion of the activist Sergey second anniversary Markus of his arrest. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fiszbein, entirely devoted M 21 and to the late Sinyavsky, P 2) long-time political Russian dissident was prisoner writer and readings of his Varlam Shalamov poetry and and featured Pure Air," as his story "The well us a brief Tatar Mullah emigre writer comment on and Andrey Sinyavsky. his work by Soviet 4. .The Econom . PANORAMA significant an (Chianurov, M 6) in article by Doctor discussed as highly g22.7.2IAcaKu1tura of Economic of January Sciences Kostakov revolutionary 4 in which proposal which the author makes Marxism: namely, violates one of a equal that the the pillars of partner of service sector be dire material production, recognized as an economic otherwise bility consequences. there will be of tolerating Kostakov also speaks quence a period of of the possi- of a restructuring mass unemployment at of the as a conse- unemployment Soviet economy benefits. and also hints * 5 Societ RADIO drew attention JOURNAL ON THE to a lengthy SOVIET UNION concealed article in (Shapiro, M 8:30) in a mass of Krasna a Zvezda in the drafting verbiage, evidence in which, of young is given of suggested men into the irregularities that certain armed forces. service as young men were The program a result of being spared to prevent bribes or from military their sons influential parents In this from risking who wanted connection, their lives recruiting the program in Afghanistan. office was conjectured that order selected as the Vladivostok to distract an example in hardly readers' attention the article in a Soviet city from this which is aspect. There farther from Kabul is 6. than Vladivostok. Siberia. RADIO said JOURNAL ON THE IITTEiiiet press SOVIET UNION Gorbachev has begun ta (Kushev, M in discussing show greater 8:30) this does various frankness under not mean a "temporary the relaxation of difficulties," program pointed censorship. although to the to recent As an example, highly references in the well unsatisfactory Soviet press as serious living and working environmental conditions, damage in Siberia. as 7. Reli IN emigre STARTING THE DAY writer Yulia (Voznesenskaya, children Voznesenskaya M 5). Soviet came round described how to her house some Russian Christmas carols. and sang traditional Russian 4

8. The Dnieper. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Nekrasov, P 18) emigre Russian writer Victor Nekrasov described the Dnieper which flows through his native Kiev, as the most beautitul river in the world, and deplored its disfigurement by the construction, upon the orders of the local party authorities, of an enormous World War Two memorial.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kh. Peterson, M 7) said the recent almost simultaneous replacement of the Soviet and Polish Ambassadors in Warsaw and Moscow is seen by Western observers as a sign that previous Soviet mistrust of Jaruzelski's "liberal" policy has given way to a more favorable attitude. The program gave biographical profiles . the outgoing Polish Ambassador, hardliner Kociolek, his replacement Natorf, and the new Soviet Ambassador, Brovikov.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US -Libya. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 5) recalled President Reagan's January 7 press conference at which he announced US economic sanctions against Libya and gave a voice cut of White House spokesman Speakes's subsequent statement that the US intended to seek the cooperation of friendly countries in political and economic sanctions against the Gaddafi regime and was prepared to take additional measures if the sanctions proved ineffective. The program noted Libyan reactions to the US measures and suggested that Gaddafi is at present less than ever disposed to take reprisals against the US.

PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 5) cited commentaries in The New York Times and The Washington Post supporting President Reagan's actions against Libya, The Wall Street Journal on the evaporation of Western illusions about Gaddafi, and The New York Times (Safire) on Libya being a pawn of the USSR.

2. Spain. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Bensi, M 15) provided an in-depth report on ten years of democracy in Spain and the country's evolution, under King Juan Carlos, from a dictatorial regime to a viable democracy. Also discussed were the problems facing the government of Prime Minister Felip Gonzales, the significance of Spain's entry into the EEC, and the upcoming referendum on the question of Spain's further membership in NATO.

3. Democracy. :n the first show of the new year, DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Bensi, M 14) recapitulated its basic goals and took issue with Gorbachev's French television interview statement taht the representation of workers and peasants in the Supreme Soviet is higher than in all of the parliaments of the Western democracies. 5

The program explained the structure and functions of parliaments in the West, emphasizing that, unlike Supreme Soviet deputies, who meet only twice a year to "unanimously approve" their leaders' decisions deputies in Western parliaments continually participate in the legislative process. Since this is the nature of their work.specialized training and education are desirable. It was stressed that in democracies parliament is not the only arena for the expression of political interest and aspiration and that people have the right to establish political, public, and professional organizations. In this connection the program outlined the functioning of independent trade unions in the West and made the point that in democracies workers are the most important factor in public political life, but on the basis of "functional" and not "demagogic" criteria and that, while there may be less ostensible workers' representation in democratic parliaments than in the Supreme Soviet, the workers in the West enjoy more real rights.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. JUDAISM (Lvov, NY 7; Taratuta, NY 7; Sirotin, NY 7; and Haskelevich, NY 7) noted the concept of the spiritual mission of Judaism. In a series on the patriarchs, the program continued to cite chapters from Genesis on the life and deeds of Isaac and his son Jacob's struggle for the right to continue the spiritual mission of Abraham and Isaac. This was followed by a profile of the life and cantorial career of US cantor, Moshe Taube. A medley of his cantorial songs were played by the program. In conclusion, Rabbi Haskelevich talked about this week's Torah reading from Exodus about God's punishment of the ancient Egyptians with "ten plagues" which led to the Jewish exodus from Egypt. He also compared the biblical text of the story of the ten plagues with an ancient Egyptian papyrus preserved at the Leyden Museum in Holland which gives credence to the Exodus story.

WORLD TODAY (Panich, M 30) featured programming on the following topics: US press comment on the US -Libyan conflict (Muslin, NY 3:30); Soviet concern over heavy aircraft losses in Afghanistan (Shapiro, M 7); Soviet press references to unsatisfactory living and working conditions and environmental damage in Siberia (Kushev, M 3); radical economic reform proposals in the Soviet press (Chianurov, M 3); and Soviet attacks against US policy toward Libya and allegedly anti-Soviet US films (Polishchuk, W 2:30). 6

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the US -Libyan conflict (Tarasenkov, W 5); statements to l'Humanite by Soviet official Zagladin on Soviet policy on Afghanistan (Salkazanova, P 4:30); the replacement of the Soviet and Polish Ambassadors in Warsaw and Moscow (Kh. Peterson, M 7); contacts between US and Soviet citizens (Silnitskaya, NY 4:30); and the Soviet propaganda campaign surrounding imprisoned American Indian Leonard Peltier (Polishchuk, W 5:30).

nd/SL NEWS - COVERAGE ALL RFE ------SERVICES AND 9 JANUARY RL/NS CARRIED Ann 1986: THESE ------ ITEMS ...... , IN THEIR NEWSCASTS or - GEORGE SHULTZ CAUSE DISMISSED SOVIET PROBLEMS IN ACCUSATIONS SUPPORT OF THE WORLD BY THE US IS TERRORISM. TAKING STEPS ATTEMPTING TO AGAINST LIBYA SHULTZ FOR ITS ALSO SAID THE LAST US AND MOSCOW NOVEMBER'S SUMMIT HAVE HAD AN MEETING PLANNED BUT HAVE NOT ACTIVE THIS YEAR. YET SET A DATE DIALOGUE SINCE FOR ANOTHER CASPAR WEINBERGER MISSILES CHARGED IN VIOLATION THE SOVIETS HAD OF THE DEPLOYED 45 SALT-IITREATY. NEW SS-25 LECH WALESA CALLED ON THE PRISONERS AND ALSO POLISH GOVERNMENT HELP THEIR URGED POLES TO RELEASE FAMILIES. TO MOBILIZE POLITICAL TO WIN THEIR BRITISH RELEASE AND DEFENSEmmuwar MICHAEL IN HESELTINE LEBANON THE RESISNED. CONTINUED TO IMPLEMENTATION OF A BE DELAYED BY SYRIAN-BACKED DISAGREEMENT PEACE ACCORD A MAIN AMONG CHRISTIAN GROUPING OF THE LEADERS. ISLAMIC AFGHAN RESISTANCE CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION. MOVEMENT APPLIED TO JOIN US SPACE THE "'THE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA WAS DUE FOR BLACK ANTI LAUNCH FRIDAY. SOUTH GOVERNMENT GROUP AFRICA. SAID IT WILL STEP UP ITS INTERNATIONAL ATTACKS IN OLYMPIC KOREA ENDED OFFICIALS AND NORTH TALKS WITH NO DELEGATIONS KOREA'S DEMAND PROGRESS REPORTED FROM NORTH AND TO COHOST TOWARD SOUTH THE 1988 SEOUL AGREEMENT OVER SUMMER GAMES. M RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Friday, 10 January 1986 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 1) briefly cited Shultz's press conference statements on the continuing US-Soviet dialogue.

2. Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 3) reported that in view of the dwindling number of foreign reporters willing to undergo the risks of covering the war in Afghanistan, the US government has decided to allocate 500,000 dollars to train independent Afghan journalists.

3. USSR-Japan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Levin, M 9:30), previewing Shevardnadze's upcoming visit to Tokyo, said it was difficult to agree with an assertion by Pravda correspondent Vdovin on January 8 that Japan's desire for an improvement in relations with the USSR was a result of the Reagan-Gorbachev summit. The program recalled Soviet overtures to Japan following Gorbachev's assumption of office and before the summit, and quoted Japanese Premier Nakasone that the changed Soviet attitude to Japan was due to an impasse in Soviet foreign and domestic policy, but that the question of the Kurile Islands is still on the agenda. The program noted the uncompromising Soviet stand on this issue and Japanese concern over the Soviet military buildup in the Pacific, however, said the program, Japan has better diplomatic cards than the USSR in the region.

4. USSR-Finland. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 1:30 and Meniker, M 6:30), after citing from the clause of the international pact on economic, social, and cultural rights on the right of all peoples to self-determination and the right to determine their political status and development, gave examples of the "self-censorship" restraints imposed on Finland as a result of Soviet pressure. The program briefly traced the development of Soviet-Finnish relations since the winter war of 1939-1940. 2

5. Foreign Policy. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 11:30) saw the USSR's unwillingness to discuss with the US such "local conflicts" as that in Afghanistan as part of the Soviet global strategy of establishing socialist regimes throughout the world in order to avert the alleged threat of a third World War. A lengthy article in Krasnaya Zvezda of December 25 was given as an illustration. However, a Pravda article of 21 December 1985, entitled "The Social Basis of the Afghan Revolution Should Be Broadened," suggests that Gorbachev could be interested in a settlement of the Afghan crisis. Whether this signifies a change in Soviet policy on local conflicts remains to be seen.

6. Dissidents and Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 2) reported on Resistance International's appeal to West European parliaments and the European Parliament to mark the sixth anniversary of Sakharov's exiling to Gorky by a minute of silence and a statement of solidarity. The program cited Sakharov's statement a few days after his exiling in which he calls for peace, pluralism, and democracy.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1:30; Alexeyeva, NY 10:30; and Kolker, M 8:30) gave case histories of Lithuanian political prisoner Povilas Pechelyas, on the occasion of the sixth anniversary of his arrest for samizdat activities, and imprisoned Soviet Jewish refusenik Roald Zelichonok pegged to a seminar soon to be held in Oxford (England) in support of such persons.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Simis, W 6:30) explained the tactics used to publicize the plight of Soviet Jewry by American rabbis in coordinated demonstrations in front of the Soviet Embassy in Washington.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 26:30 and Sinyavsky, P 2:30) featured a further program in a series devoted to the late Soviet dissident writer and long-term political prisoner Varlam Shalamov. The program included readings of Shalamov's stories "Rain" and "Two Meetings" and two of his poems and a brief comment by Soviet emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky (Sintaxis, No. 8, 1980).

7. The Emigration. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Perouansky, M 20) consisted of an interview with emigre Russian writer Vladimir Voinovich in which he talked about his life and work in the emigration. The program was pegged to the fifth anniversary of Voinovich's emigration.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Lvov, NY 4:30) included a brief item on the mini -statue of liberty sculpted by Soviet emigre couple Tanya and Osip Preminger that was recently unveiled in Israel's port city of Jaffa. 3

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Bekker, NY 8) presented an RL interview taken in New York with Ruth Kaminska-Turkoff, the daughter of famous Jewish-Polish actress Ida Kaminska, who talked about her friendship with Eddy Rozner, a popular Soviet jazz band leader who died in 1976 shortly after his emigration to the West.

8. Jewish Affairs. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Lvov, NY 6:30) reviewed Soviet-Jewish writer Leonid Katzov's novel Throughout Captivity which was published in the USSR in 1934 and tells the story of a Jewish soldier in the Tsarist Army.

9. The Media. RADIO JOURNAL OF THE SOVIET UNION (Kushev, M 6) commented on the recent publication in Soviet newspapers of readers' letters urging better coverage of news, which the Soviet public often learns of through "anti-Soviet" foreign radio stations. The program noted a slight improvement in this situation under Gorbachev. If Soviet newspapers now start talking about the victims of natural catastrophes in the USSR, maybe they will one day start to talk about the people dying in Afghanistan. Until this happens, the Soviet public will have no choice but to continue to listen to foreign radio stations, even if they are "anti-Soviet."

10. Youth. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Arutyunyan, M 6) commented on an opinion poll conducted among young pioneers in Leningrad, which revealed their lack of interest in traditional ideals, such as loyalty, tactfulness, etc. The program said that Soviet youth cannot be blamed if it cannot find in Soviet reality the incentives which would help it realize its aspirations.

11. Medical Care. HUMAN RIGHTS (Yudovich, M 7:30), after noting the Soviet policy of equating human rights with socioeconomic rights, for which the people are supposed to be grateful to the party and government, took a close look at one of these rights: namely, the right to free medical care. The program observed that it is not free at all, being paid for by substantial deductions from wages, and that for the ordinary citizen it is of poor quality. As an illustration, the program cited reports in the Soviet press on the unqualified doctors and the severe shortage of even such basic items as bandages.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Rayvicher, M 6) also refuted the myth that the Soviet health system is the most progressive in the world. The program explained that it is not true that Soviet medical care is free, accessible to everyone and of good quality. 4

12. Religion. THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Fotiyev, M 5:30) continued a series on the social teaching of the Orthodox Church.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 6) read the third installment of Russian historian Klyuchevsky's speech to the Theological Academy in Moscow on the occasion of the 900th anniversary of the Christianization of Russia in 1886.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 12:30) read the 22nd installment of Ivan Shmelev's book The Pilgrimage, about a pilgrimage he made in his youth in the 1880s to the Trinity-St. Sergey Monastery.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Maximov and Geller, M 20:30) featured a talk about the flourishing "second culture" in Poland, which was said to offer valuable experience for culture in the USSR. The fact that Polish samizdat publications are paid for by the consumer was particularly noted.

2.i Yugoslavia. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kh. Peterson, M 10:30) viewed the nomination of hard-liner Branko Mikulic as Yugoslavia's next Prime Minister, in circumvention of the usual cumbersome election procedure, in the context of Yugoslavia's grave economic and other problems which require a firm hand.

3. Eastern Europe. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Suslov, W 6) featured an RL interview with Dr. John Thomas, of the US State Department's science department, on scientific institutions in Eastern Europe. Dr. Thomas, who delivered a paper on the subject at the Kennan Institute, spoke of the orientation of these institutions toward the USSR, and their efforts to solve economic problems; in particular those of increasing production. Dr. Thomas said that Gorbachev's recent call on the East European countries to expand their exports and improve the quality of their export goods will demand a still greater economic involvement of the scientific institutions.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. International Terrorism. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 4:30) cited Shultz's press conference statements on Libya and international terrorism.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 3) cited commentaries on how to deal with Gaddafi and international terrorism in The Dallas Times Herald, The Chicago Tribune, and The Philadelphia Inquirer, and by the Knight-Ridder Syndicate's political observer, Aron Epstein. S

PANORAMA (mirsky, P 4:30) cited comments in France on the problem of how to deal with Gaddafi; in particular in Le Nouvel Observatuer, Le Monde, and L'Express, and said the general assumption of the articles is that Israel will take retaliatory action.

2. US-South Africa. PANORAMA (Dubinsky, W 3:30) reported on a visit to South Africa by a delegation of US Congressmen, noting their keen disappointment over their meeting with President Botha.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. STARTING THE DAY (Benigsen, NY 5), a RERUN from 2 October 1985, included an item on the Lord's Prayer.

WORLD TODAY (Machlis, M 30) featured programming on the following topics: Shultz's press conference ((Weinstein, W 3:30); US press comment on how to deal with Gaddafi and international terrorism (Silnitskaya, NY 4:30); a Resistance International appeal to West European parliaments for a minute of silence to mark the sixth anniversary of Sakharov's exiling (Fedoseyev, M 2); a US government-financed project to train independent Afghan journalists (Muslin, NY 3); Shevardnadze's upcoming visit to Japan (Levin, M 3:30); and a visit to South Africa by a group of US Congressmen (Dubinsky, W 2:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: US press comment on what to do about Gaddafi and international terrorism (Silnitskaya, NY 3); Shevardnadze's upcoming visit to Japan (Levin, M 9:30); the proposal of Branko Mikulic as Yugoslavia's next Prime Minister (Rh.Peterson, M 10:30); and a US government-financed project to train independent Afghan journalists (Muslin, NY 3).

hpf/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 10 JANUARY 1986:

* SECURITY FORCES IN SCANDINAVIA AND HOLLAND WERE ALERTED TO POSSIBLE TERRORIST ATTACKS THIS WEEKEND ON JEWISH TARGETS. THE US WELCOMED ITALY'S DECISION TO BAR EXPORTS OF PARTICULARLY DANGEROUS WEAPONS TO LIBYA FOLLOWING A US CALL FOR INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST THE NORTH AFRICAN NATION. SEORGY ARBATOV SAID THE SOVIET UNION WILL AGREE TO ANY METHOD NECESSARY TO VERIFY A BAN ON SOVIET AND AMERICAN NUCLEAR TESTS. THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL WILL MEET MONDAY TO CONSIDER A LEBANESE COMPLAINT ABOUT ISRAELI MILITARY ACTIONS IN SOUTH LEBANON. GUSTAV HUSAK EXPRESSED GRIEF AT THE DEATH OF POET JAROSLAV SEIFERT, WHO DIED AT THE ASE OF 84. THE PAPAL ATTACK TRIAL RESUMED IN ROME AFTER A CHRISTMAS BREAK. US CONGRESSMEN URGED EAST GERMAN LEADER ERICH HONECKER TO TEAR DOWN THE BERLIN WALL.

** MIKHAIL KOVALEV REPLACED VLADIMIR BROVIKOV AS PRIME MINISTER OF BELORUSSIA. THE FRENCH DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER WAS REPORTED TO HAVE RAISED THE QUESTION OF POLITICAL PRISONERS DURING TALKS IN WARSAW WITH THE POLISH FOREIGN MINISTER. THE SOUTH AFRICAN NOBEL PEACE PRIZE-WINNER BISHOP DESMOND TUTU SAID THE PROSPECTS FOR HIS COUNTRY WERE "QUITE HORRENDOUS."

* )THE BULGARIAN SERVICE DID NOT USE THIS ITEM. **) THE POLISH AND CZECHOSLOVARSERVICES DID NOT USE THIS ITEM. - RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Saturday, 11 January 1986 E. Romano and L. Mardorossian

A. The Popularity of US Writers in the USSR. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 7) emigre writer Sergey Dovlatov commented on a study by Hoover Institution staffer Klaus Mehnert, who produced a list of the 22 most popular American writers in the USSR on the basis of his travels and talks in the Soviet Union with librarians, book store employees, and private individuals. Dovlatov noted that, paradoxically, some of the American writers are more wiely published in the USSR than in their native US, commented on the possible reasons why American novelists are more popular in the USSR than their French or West German counterparts, and was suprised that such widely read American authors in the USSR as Mark Twain, O'Henry, and Jack Lodon were missing in Mehnert's list. 2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (salkazanova, P 4:30) commented briefly on senior Soviet official Vadim Zagladin's interview statements in l'Humanite that "the USSR does not want to remain in Afghanistan forever and that it is doing everything possible to accelerate a political settlement." The program cited extensively from a communique released by the French Socialist Party and three leading trade unions on the occasion of the sixth anniversary of _the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan calling on the USSR to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan and grant Afghanistan the right to determine its own political future.

3. USSR-Eastern Europe. HUMAN RIGHTS (Shragin, NY 20), a RERUN from January 7, gave the abidged text of a paper delivered by Prof. V. Mastny of Boston University at a conference at Harvard University's Russian Studies Center in which he spoke of the attempts in Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Poland to relieve the burden of Soviet domination and expressed the view that the Soviet role in determining the fates of the East European countries is steadily waning. 2

4. Defections. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Mirsky, P 10) presented an RL interview with Geo'Lgy T., a Soviet citizen who recently jumped from the Soviet ship Ivan Pokrovsky and swam ashore at the port city of Rouen, France. He refused tL. divulge his name for fear of reprisals against members of his family in the USSR. He talked about his defection, noted that he had planned the escape for many years and that he took cyanide capsules with him in case his escape did not succeed, and gave a detailed explanation of the basis of his assertions in French press interviews that 90 percent of Soviet youth harbors anti-Soviet sentiments. He also mentioned the legal and illegal ways being sought by young Soviet men to get exempted from military service in Afghanistan and talked about his future plans in the West.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMETS AND PEOPLE (V. Malinkovich, M 20:30) gave background information on the plight of Ukrainian political prisoners, including the death in prison of Ukrainian human rights activists Oleksa Tikhiy, Valeriy Marchenko, Yuri Litvin, and Vasyl Stus. The program was pegged to Ukrainian Political Prisoners' Day which was instituted on 12 January 1972.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 290 presented the four the installment of a series of programs devoted to the late Russian writer and political prisoner Varlam Shalamov, who died in Moscow on 17 January 1982. The program read Shalamov's short stories entitled For the Presentation and Hercules.

6. The CPSU Program. In RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Avtorkhanov, M 9) Sovietologist Prof. Avtorkhanov analyzed a number of aspects of the new Party Program, noting that the document which was drafted by Brezhnev, Andropov, Chernenko, and Gorbachev is one of the most unusual ones in Soviet history in that it resembles Gosplan economic instructions more than a party political program. It was stressed that the new Party program lacks all of the inspirational ideas of a programmatic document as well as the political pathos of a historic manifesto generally incorporated in such political proclamations. Avtorkhanov also pointed out that the new draft program includes utopian goals which can be implemented only through radical economic reforms.

7. The Gorbachev Leadership. PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (Sezeman, P 8:30) reviewed the issue No. 24 of the French journal Est et Quest including the following: an article by Alexandr Nekrich, entitled "The Kremlin's Games," commenting on Gorbachev's traditional style of ruling, the background of his antialcohol campaign and related social and psycholigical problems, and the beginnings of his personality cult; another article by Branco Lazitch, entitled "Gorbachev: a Reformer Without Reforms," dealing with Gorbachev's illusory economic promises; and Pierre Rigoullot's item on French public opinion of the Soviet leadership since Khrushchev's visit to France in 1960. 3

8. Soviet Military Strategy. SIGNAL (Suslov, W 3:30) summarized a lecture delivered at the Kennan Institute in Washington by Malcolm McKintosh, an official of the British government, devoted to the Soviet military strategy and rilitary presence in Europe and Asia. McKintosh noted that the Soviet Union is an European power, but it cannot ignore its strategic interests in Asia, particularly following its split with the PRC. Recalling the huge concentration of Soviet troops along the Chinese border and the fact that close to one-third of the Soviet tactical air forces is currently based in East Asia, McKintosh noted that the Soviet Union is conducting a policy of fortification of the Kuril Islands and building military bases in Vietnam, taking advantage of the reduced US military presence in East and Southeast Asia. The Soviet Union is also paying attention to the islands in the Western part of the Pacific. 9. The Current State of the Soviet Military Equipment was examined by SIGNAL (Muslin, NY 9), wich compared Soviet technological achievements and US military equipment. Even Soviet technological espionage cannot fill the gaps.

10. Emigration. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Aksenov, W 11) emigre writer Vasily Aksenov continued to read from his latest book entitled In Search of a Melancholy Baby, which deals with his impressions of America where he settled five years ago.

11. Religion. SUNDAY TALK (Rahr and Kholodnaya, M and NY 55) presented a Russian Orthodox religious service.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The UN Information Center in Warsaw. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Silnitskaya, NY 3), based on a CND report from the UN of January 10, listed the names of a number of prominent Western intellectuals and artists who decided not to attend the international peace congress of intellectuals, due to open on January 16 in Warsaw on the occasion of the UN's designation of 1986 as UN International Peace Year.

2. Nicaragua. PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (Paramonov, NY 6) cited well-known US journalist, Shirley Christian, to the effect that the Sandinists intended to get control of Nicaragua via a Marxist regime fom the very beginning of their struggle for the. political power. In spite of appearances the Sandinists' repressive actions against the so-called "bourgeois elements" is now at its height. Nicaragua has been already fallen into the East bloc's clutches. A parallel church was created in order to counter the Catholic Church's opposition to the Marxist regime. 4

3. The PRC. Recalling the cultural revolution and its tragic consequences and the PRC's strai.ned relations with the Soviet Union since the 1960s due to the latter's expansionist a4.ms, PROBLEMS OF COMMUNISM (Gardon, M 12:30) pointed to the flct at the PRC is increasingly diverging from Marxisst dogma and implementing a freemarket system. The program also examined the reasons why the PRC can no longer reintegrate with the Soviet bloc and discussed reforms in Chinese agriculture and urban industry citing Chinese officials on the subject.

4. Indochina. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Silnitskaya, NY 3), based on a CND Report from the UN, backgrounded the January 6 statement by Cambodia's permanent representative at the UN to the effect that the anti -Vietnamese coalition will expel Khmer Rouge leader Pol Pot from its ranks should Vietnam agree to a withdrawal of its troops from Cambodia.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. International Terrorism. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Weinstein, W 10:30) gave the main points of President Reagan's and Secretary of State Shultz's press conferences announcing an US economic boycott against Libya in protest against that country's sponsorship of international terrorism.

2. The Middle East. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Nudelman, Isr 7) discussed the following: the Israeli position on Libyan-sponsored terrorism, the issue of international arbitration of the Israeli -Egyptian dispute over the Taba strip in the Sinai, the stormy reaction by opposition and radical circles in Egypt to the suicide of an Egyptian policeman who murdered several Israeli tourists earlier this year, the assault by Arab fanatics on Israeli parliamentarians visiting the Temple Mount is Jerusalem, and Israeli concern over the mounting tension in Southern Lebanon.

3. The SDI Program. SIGNAL (betaki, P 7) dealt with the subject and Soviet efforts to persuade the US's European allies to oppose it and thus split NATO. Soviet propaganda offensive against the SDI program has received support, particularly in France. Alain Basancon noted in L'Express of 28 November 1985 that French President Mitterrand's opposition to the SDI program was along the lines of the Gaullist tradition of independence. West Germany's decision to back the SDI program was stressed.

4. Japan's Armed Forces. Noting that in the Kremlin's propaganda Japan's Armed Forces are the revival of Japanese militarism, though the US is dissatisfied with the Japanese contribution to the US-Japanese military defense program, SIGNAL (Shilyayev, NY 6) gave historical figures on the Japanese Army. Japan's defense aims have changed due to the necessity to counter not only possible aggression from the north, but also from the southeast. Japan's defense program remains unfulfilled because of the limitations placed on the country's military expenditure. 5

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIc'T COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. STARTING THE DAY (Rahr and Benigsen, M and NY 5) featured the second part of a talk about the Lord's Prayer.

2. NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Rahr, M 11) read a passage from St. Matthew's Gospel on the Flight to Egypt and the Massacre of the of the Innocents.

NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Benigsen, NY 8) was on the Afterfeast of the Nativity of Christ.

An item by NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Miloslavsky, Jerusalem 10) was on the date of Christ's birth.

ct/SL

NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RUNS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 11 JANUARY 1986:

ITALIAN PRIME MINISTER CRAXI SAYS TERRORIST VIOLENCE HAS PUT ITALY'S SECURITY IN DANGER. THE POLISH GOVERNMENT HAS ANNOUNCED THE ARREST OF BOGDAN BORUSEWICZ, A MEMBER OF SOLIDARITY'S UNDERGROUND LEADERSHIP. WRITERS ARE GATHERING IN NEW YORK FOR THE LARGEST INTERNATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF WRITERS EVER HELD IN THE US. US SENATOR MOYNIHAN WANTS THE REAGAN ADMINISTRATION TO STOP SOVIET EAVESDROPPING ON US COMMUNICATIONS IN WASHINGTON AND NEW YORK. A GREEK GOVERNMENT SPOKESMAN SAYS THE US OFFICIALLY HAS AGREED TO SELL 40 US F-16 FIGHTERS TO GREECE. EIGHT LATIN AMERICAN FOREIGN MINISTERS ARE TRYING TO REVITALIZE THE CONTADORA EFFORT TO PRODUCE A PEACE PLAN FOR CENTRAL AMERICA. LEBANESE SHIITE LEADER BERRI HAS OFFERED TO SEND A DOCTOR TO TREAT A SERIOUSLY ILL FRENCH HOSTAGE BEING HELD BY PRO-IRANIAN KIDNAPPERS. JAPANESE RIGHTISTS PLAN TO DISRUPT THE VISIT NEXT WEEK BY SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER SHEVARDNADZE. JAPANESE OFFICIALS SAY AN APPARENTLY CRIPPLED SOVIET NUCLEAR-POWERED SUBMARINE IS BEING TOWED IN THE CHINA SEA BY A SOVIET SALVAGE SHIP. THE AMERICAN HUSBAND OF IRINA MCCLELLAN SAYS HE EXPECTS HIS WIFE AND HER DAUGHTER TO JOIN HIM TOWARD THE END OF THIS MONTH. THE US SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA IS TO MAKE ANOTHER LAUNCH ATTEMPT ON SUNDAY. HUNGARY WILL INCREASE PRICES FOR SOME GOODS AND SERVICES AS OF MONDAY. RADIO FREE EUROPE ,11MmImimim RADIO UBER1Y

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Sunday, 12 January 1986 E. Romano, M. Rudin, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. EMBATTLED AFGHANISTAN (Shapiro, M 16), purporting to answer an article in Pravda admitting mistakes in the evaluation of the situation in the intitial stage of the "Afghan revolution," recalled the background to the Soviet invasion starting with Taraki's takeover. The program was, in part, based on John Barron's The KGB Today.

EMBATTLED AFGHANISTAN (Vail, NY 10:30) quoted from eye-witness accounts of Soviet atrocities in Afghanistan published by the American Helsinki group in a book entitled To Die in Afghanistan.

WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 7) commented on an intervier in Sovetsky Sport on Soviet-Afghan sport cooperation. The interview mentioned the interest of the Afghans in the parachute jumps organized by the Soviets. The program commented that this form of sport represents only one of many introduced into Afghanistan having a military application.

2. USSR-Libya. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 6) gave facts and figures on Soviet arms supplies to Libya culled from the latest edition oZ the London International Institute for Strategic Studies' yearbook, The Military Balance. The program commented that Gaddafi's warnings about developing even a closer relationship with the USSR are purely propagandistic because at present only Warsaw Pact countries have as close a military relationship with the USSR as Libya does.

3. Dissidents and Human Rights. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Antic, M 8) discussed the case of Felix Svetov, writer and Orthodox believer, who was sentenced to exile from Moscow for "fabricating slanderous materials and defaming the Soviet state and social system." It was noted that Svetov's wife, Zoya Krakhmalnikova, a compiler of the samizdat religious 2

publication Nadezhda, was arrested in 1982. The program read appeals in defense of Svetov by members of his family and gave biographic information on Svetov. An RLPS report was used in the program.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva and Seitmuratova, M 2 and NY 9) talked about the Crimean Tatars who were forced to leave their homeland in 1944. Representative abroad of the Crimean Tatar movement, Aishe Seitmuratova, discussed and gave excerpts from appeals addressed to the 23rd and 24th party congresses of the Crimean Tatars in which, they ask, to be allowed to return to their homeland and for a full restoration of their national and political rights. Two items about the repression of the Crimean Tatars from samizdat materials (AS-5583) were read on the program.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Axsenov-Meyerson, NY 9) noted the incarceration of two Baptists, Ivan Shidych and Evgeny Pushkov, for their religious beliefs, and then talked about the history of the repression of the Baptist Church in the USSR. The program cited Lyudmila Alexeyeva's book Istoriya Inakomysliya v SSSR (The History of Dissent in the USSR).

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 26 and Sinyavsky, P 3:30) presented a reading of the late dissident writer Varlam Shalamov's story The Silence and featured a commentary on his works by emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky.

4. The Economy. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Limberger, M 9) commented on the illegal economy in the USSR and official and unofficial earnings, especially by the shabashniki (moonlighters), etc., in connection with a debate in Literaturnaya Gazeta on the question "Is It Shameful to Earn a Lot of Money?"

5. Society. MODERN WOMAN (Gordin, M 7) presented a brief statistical review of the West German family in 1985 and examined the different reasons for low birth rates, divorces, and children born out of wedlock in the USSR and West Germany. The rights and benefits of single mothers in West Germany were also discussed in the program.

MODERN WOMAN (Gordin ancl Ravich, M 1 and NY 3), noting that many children born out of wedlock in the USSR are born to women under 18 due to inadequate sex education, talked about contraception in the USSR. An article in Sovetskoe Zdravookhranenie (Soviet Public Health) was cited in the program.

MODERN WOMAN (Voznesenskaya, M 5) gave examples from Trud and Krasnaya Zvezda about the very difficult living and working conditions of women in the USSR, saying that Soviet women live under "uncivilized conditions." 3

MODERN WOMAN (Kruzhin, M 4) discussed the hardships of everyday life experienced by officers' families in the USSR, drawing on articles in the Soviet press, in particular an article in Krasnaya Zvezda of 29 December 1985. It was noted that in November of last year the Politburo discussed the question of improving the housing situation of servicemen in the army and navy but that it is not known if any measures will be taken. An RLPS Report was used in the program.

6. Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Betaki, P 9:30) read a sampling of poetry written by samizdat writer Vladislav Len, praising his surrealistic style and the general high literary quality of his works. 7. Chess. WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 13) featured an interview with chess Grand Master Shamkovich, who answered questions on the prospects for a controversial Karpov-Kasparov return match.

8. Religion. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 1) briefly discussed Russian-language Orthodox catechisms.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Czechoslovakia. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 6) was pegged to the "close of the year of St. Methodius," which marked the 1,100th anniversary of the death of the Slavic apostle. The program recalled the celebration of this event at Velehrad and discussed the issue of Church-state relations in Czechoslovakia, noting the press campaign against the Church and Cardinal Tomasek last year. 2. The PRC. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gardon, M 5:30) noted the PRC's new campaign against corruption and the abuse of power by party and government officials. An editorial in The People's Daily was cited.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US-PRC Relations, EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Dubinsky, W 3) discussed the state Jf the US-Chinese military relationship in connection with the visit to the PRC of a US Congressional delegation headed by Senator Orrin Hatch to discuss questions dealing with the PRC's weapons modernization program.

2. International Terrorism. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4) cited State Department spokesman Bernard Kalb's statement calling on the US's European allies to join US economic sanctions against Libya to protest Gaddafi's support of 4

international terrorism. Brief comment was also made on Gaddafi's propagandistic warnings that US pressures will force Libya to become communist.

3. The US. US TODAY (Rubin, Dubravina, Paramonov, and Krasin, NY 29) was on the Mafia and its place in American society today. After recalling the Sicilian origin of the organization, the program examined its development in the US with the arrival of the Italian immigrants in the late 19th century and its influence today. The program then drew a parallel between the Mafia and the Soviet ruling class, noting common features between the two. The difference is that the Mafia represents only a marginal phenomenon in today's pluralistic American society, while the Mafia-like Soviet regime controls the whole country.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. STARTING THE DAY (Benigsen, NY 5), a RERUN from 16 October 1985, featured the third installment of a series devoted to the Lord's Prayer.

RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr, M 5) presented the text of President Reagan's greetings to all Orthodox believers who celebrated Christmas on January 7.

RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 9) described the Orthodox community in France and discussed the publication of a new French-language Orthodox catechism entitled "God Is Alive."

2. Disneyland. CULTURE, FATE, TIME (Nakrasov, P 9) gave his impressions of a visit to Disneyland near Los Angeles in connection with the planned opening of a Disneyland entertainment park near Paris in 1991.

hpf/SL NEWS COVERAGE ALL12 JANUARYRFE SERVICES 1986: AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF CONNECTEDSECRETARY WITH OF ATTACKSSTATE SHULTZAT THE HASROME REPEATED AND VIENNA CHARGES AIRPORTS THAT LIBYALAST MONTH.WAS USYELENA EAST BONNER,COAST CITYWIFE OFOF BOSTONANDREy FORSAKHAROV, HEART SURGERY.HAS ENTERED A HOSPITAL IN THE BYAUTHORITIES FORMER POLITICAL IN GDANSK PRISONERS INTERVENED FROM TO AROUND PREVENT POLAND. A PLANNED DEMONSTRATION 0FOREIGN RESUMPTION MINISTERS OF NEGOTIATIONS FROM EIGHT LATINTO BRING AMERICAN PEACE TOCOUNTRIES CENTRAL HAVEAMERICA. CALLED FOR ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER PERES WANTS CABINET APPROVAL FOR A PLAN TO IMPROVE ISRAEL'S TIES WITH EGYPT AND SETTLE THE TAN% DISPUTE. USTHE MERCHANTUS STATE SHIPDEPARTMENT IN INTERNATIONAL SAYS THE IRANIANWATERS NAVYOUTSIDE BOARDED THE GULF.AND SEARCHED A THAIFIRED FORCESBY VIETNAMESE EVACUATED TROOPS 925 PEOPLEIN CAMBODIA FROM A LANDEDBORDER ONVILLAGE THAI TERRITORY.AFTER SHELLS IREDELAYED US SPACELAUNCH. SHUTTLE COLUMBIA IS ORBITING EARTH AFTER ITS MUCH- TROUBLEDIN SOUTH BLACKAFRICA TOWNSHIPSUS OFFICIAL NEAR CHESTERJOHANNESBURG. CROCKER HAS BEEN TOURING FOCUSINGJAPANESE ONPRIME FREER MINISTER WORLD NAKASONETRADE. IS IN CANADA AT THE START OF A VISIT RADIO FREE EUROPE I-. RADIO LIBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Monday, 13 January 1986 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4) backgrounded the continuing debate in Washington over the unofficially expressed Soviet wish to postpone the second Reagan-Gorbachev summit from June to the fall.

PANORAMA (Tarasenkov, W 5) reported on the package of proposals on the monitoring of arms reduction agreements being considered by the US in preparation for the next round of Geneva talks. The program cited Weinberger's report on Soviet violations of SALT-II.

2. USSR-Japan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Levin, M 10:30) analyzed the state of Soviet-Japanese political and economic relations in connection with Shevardnadze's visit to Japan, the first such visit of a Soviet foreign minister in 10 years. The program gave detailed information on the disputed Kurile Islands issue which has been the main obstacle to the improvement of bilateral relations and which has even precluded the signing of a peace treaty. Analyzing Soviet media commentaries on the upcoming visit, the program expressed skepticism that the visit will yield a dramatic political breakthrough.

3. Afghanistan.EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weinstein, W 4:30) gave the substance of an article in The Washington Post by James Rupert, who spent several months in Afghanistan, and examined the new methods and goals of the USSR's Sovietization program in Afghanistan. It was noted that the USSR's educational and communist indoctrination program of Afghan children is designed to remold Afghanistan's culture along Soviet ideological lines. 2

PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 5) gave as an example of Soviet disinformation about Afghanistan an article by Izvestia correspondent Ustinov on how the Afghans enjoy life in abundantly-stocked bazaars. However, he contradicts himself mentioning that all municipal workers are issued food coupons for stores where they can buy food two to three times cheaper than in bazaars. A Soviet journalist, said the program, should be well aware of the difference between abundance in the bazaars and abundance for everyone. The program noted Ustinov's reference to the Western press allegedly inventing food supply difficulties in Afghanistan and cited Western sources on the threat of a famine in Afghanistan as a result of the Soviet invasion.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, M 11) drew attention to a letter by an investigation official published in Komsomolskaya Pravda of January 8 in which he describes the case of a Soviet soldier who served in Afghanistan and is having trouble adapting to civilian life. In particular, he has developed a hatred for the embezzlers, drunkards, and self-satisfied materialists he found when he returned. The program remarked that the ex-soldier would not have been written about in the Soviet press if he had vented his frustration against those who sent him to war or against the regular customers of special shops for the privileged; if he had been shocked by the horrors of the war or by the very fact of being on foreign soil with a weapon in his hands;etc. Neither is there any room in the Soviet press for Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan who desert, join the partisans, or shoot themselves.

4. The USSR and the International PEN Club Congress. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Perouansky, M 6) the show's editor commented on the Soviet decision not to participate in the congress. The program noted that writers from other East European countries will be in attendance and that, although no official reasons were given, the USSR presumably shied away from the congress because the agenda includes a discussion on what PEN Club members can do to help their imprisoned fellow writers and because Soviet emigre writers Vasily Aksenov and Josif Brodsky were invited as observers. The program regretted the Soviet decision and stressed that Russian literature will nonetheless be represented by the above prominent emigre writers.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 13:30 and Kuznetsov, M 7), a RERUN from 30 April 1985, was entirely devoted to the case of imprisoned Estonian human rights activist Mart Niklus on the occasion of the fifth anniversary of his trial. The program included a profile of Niklus by his former fellow prisoner, Eduard Kuznetsov; the samizdat text of a letter by Niklus' mother to the main administration of corrective labor camps complaining that a meeting she had with her son in a prison camp was broken off when he started to speak Estonian (AS-5415); and an excerpt from an article by Niklus on the Lithuanian KGB headquarters in Vilnius (AS-4142). 3

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 26 and Sinyavsky, P 3) featured the sixth program in a series devoted to Russian dissident writer Varlam Shalamov and included readings of his. poetry and his stories "The Siberian Cedar" and "Condensed Milk," together with brief tribute to Shalamov's writing by Soviet emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky.

6. The Economy. PANORAMA (Krasin, NY 5) commented on the spate of proposals by the Soviet public on how to improve the USSR's economic situation. The program suggested that the new Soviet leadership aims to secure wide public support in its economic reform plans in order to break resistance on the part of the bureaucracy. The program highlighted a letter by a work brigade leader published in Izvestia last December 17 to the effect that it is imperative to establish just relations between the state and the individual. 7. Society. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Vishnevskaya, M 6:30) drew attention to references in the Soviet press, including an article in Komsomolskaya Pravda one year ago which even drew a response from Interior Minister Fedorchuk, on the existence of young neo-Nazis in the USSR. A samizdat document was also quoted. However, said the program, the authorities do not seem to see any particular danger in these neo-Nazi tendencies and speak rather of other "negative" trends among young people such as religious belief. An RLR Research Report was used.

8. The Media. HUMAN RIGHTS (Malinkovich, M 6 and Kaminskaya, W 7) was devoted to the issue of freedom of information and the USSR's state-controlled media. The program began by commenting on the "cold war" tone of Soviet press commentaries on international issues and the seemingly small relaxation of control in the coverage of domestic, especially agricultural, problems giving as illustrations a reader's letter in Izvestia of January 9, an excerpt from an article on agriculture by Izvestia's deputy editor Plutnik, and Yevtushenko's recent bold speech criticizing shortcomings of the system. The program made the point that hundreds of Soviet citizens are imprisoned for having expressed critical views similar to those of the above -mentioned writers. This was followed by a discussion on the limits of press freedom in a state which has a monopoly over the media in connection with an article in Sovietskaya Rossiya of November 18, which criticized the local press for writing about disasters, etc., in remote places of the world while failing to inform the public about disasters and other news developments in their own country.

9. The Environment. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Kushev, M 7) spoke of the environmental destruction being perpetrated in Siberia as a result of industrial development and said that while it is a good thing that the subject is now being openly discussed in the Soviet press, the root of the problem lies in the nature of the economic system itself. 4

10. The Nationalities. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Salkazanova, P 13:30) RL's Paris correspondent, who is of Ossetian origin, cited and commented on a poem published in Izvestia in mid-December in which Ossetian poet Efim Tedety eulogized Ca' Russian language and expressed gratitude that the Ossetian people "can speak to the world through the Russian tongue." The program gave information on the origin and history of the Ossetian people and their culture and took issue with Tedety's claims that "Russian sounds like the language of the Ossetian patriarchs." The USSR's forcible Russification policy and the tragic fate of small nations in the USSR whose languages and cultures are virtually extinct were noted. The program also carried samizdat statements by Latvian, Ukrainian, Georgian, and Armenian nationals protesting against the USSR's Russification policy. 11. Berdyayev. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Paramonov, NY 10), a RERUN from 23 December 1985, talked about Berdyayev's book The Meaning of Creation, which was first published in Russian in 1915 and was recently reprinted in Paris.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

None

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US-Libya. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 5) talked about US -Libyan relations in the wake of the terrorist attacks on the Rome and Vienna airports and listed a number of reasons why the US opted for economic sanctions rather than the use of force in its attempts to punish Libya for its support of international terrorism. The reluctance of the US's European allies to join the US sanctions was mentioned.

2. The Middle East. SPECIAL FEATURE (Nudelman, Tel Aviv 29) gave a review of major developments in the Middle East in 1985.

3. The International PEN Club Congress. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4) cited the main points of Secretary of State Shultz's opening speech to the Congress on the importance of creative freedom and freedom of expression and the differences between free and nonfree societies. It was noted that conference participants applauded Shultz's remarks concerning the McCarran-Walter Act.

4. France. PANORAMA (Mirsky, P 5) reported on a French TV film on Marshal Petain's role under the German occupation with the participation of former supporters and victims of his regime. In conclusion, the program asked when the time will come when Soviet TV will show a discussion of Stalin's time with the participaton of supporters and victims of his regime. 5

5. Sweden. HUMAN RIGHTS (Feigelson, M 7) excerpted an article from the Paris -based emigre paper Russkaya Mysl about 'the prison reforms instituted in Sweden in the late 1970s an' Sweden's model prison Osterok, which was built on the concept. that prisons should rehabilitate people to return as useful citizens to society.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Baiers, NY 6:30), a RERUN from 23 December 1985, meditated on the grandiose scene presented by the universe, asking whether one should not see the hand of God behind it. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Lvov, NY 8:30), a RERUN from 23 December 1985, explained that the laws of nature do not exclude the possibility of miracles.

STARTING THE DAY (Benigsen, NY 5), a RERUN from 23 October 1985, featured a further installment in a series on the Lord's Prayer.

WORLD TODAY (Gordin, M 30) featured programming on the following topics: US preparations for the next round of Geneva arms talks (Tarasenkov, W 1:30); Shultz's speech at the International PEN Club congress (Muslin, NY 4); Shevardnadze's visit to Japan (Levin, M 2:30); Soviet disinformation on Afghanistan (Chianurov, M 3:30); proposals by the Soviet public on how to improve the USSR's economic situation (Krasin, NY 3); and a French TV film on Marshal Petain (Mirsky, P 3).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the debate in Washington over the Soviet wish to delay the next Reagan-Gorbachev summit until the fall (Polishchuk, W 4); US-Libyan relations (Tarasenkov, W 5); the Sovietization of Afghanistan (Weinstein, W 4:30); Shultz's speech at the International PEN Club congress (Muslin, NY 4); and Shevardnadze's visit to Japan (Levin, M 10:30).

ct/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 13 JANUARY 1986:

YELENA BONNER IS IN YHE INTENSIVE CARE SECTION OF A BOSTON HOSPITAL RECOVERING FROM A HEART BYPASS OPERATION. IN SOUTH YEMEN PRESIDENT NASSER MUHAMMU SURVIVED AN ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT AND FOUR LEADERS OF AN ABORTIVE COUP WERE EXECUTED.

US OFFICIALS IN THE NETHERLANDS HAVE BEEN WARNING AMERICANS OF POSSIBLE TERRORIST ATTACKS AGAINST US INTERESTS THERE.

THE USSR DID NOT SEND A DELEGATION TO THE PEN WRITERS CONGRESS IN THE US BECAUSE SOME EMIGRE WRITERS HAD ALSO BEEN INVITED.

THE IRANIAN NEWS AGENCY SAYS IRANIAN NAVAL FORCES INSPECTED SEVEN CARGO SHIPS SUSPECTED OF CARRYING WEAPONS TO IRAQ.

POLISH SECURITY POLICE HAVE RAIDED TWO UNDERGROUND PRINTING HOUSES IN GDANSK AND ARRESTED AN UNSPECIFIED NUMBER OF PEOPLE.

US AND SOVIET NEGOTIATORS HAVE RESUMED TALKS ON CHEMICAL WEAPONS FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE LAST NOVEMBER'S SUMMIT. ISRAEL'S AGREEMENT THAT A BORDER DISPUTE WITH EGYPT BE SETTLED BY ARBITRATION IS SEEN AS A NEW STAGE IN THE TWO NATIONS' RELATIONS.

FIGHTING BETWEEN CHRISTIAN MILITIAMEN IN AND AROUND BEIRUT ENDED AFTER A CEASE-FIRE WAS NEGOTIATED BY MILITIA LEADERS.

THE US SPACE AGENCY MIGHT SHORTEN THE SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA'S MISSION BY A DAY. ==== RADIO FREE EUROPE,

NE, RADIO UBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Tuesday, 14 January 1986 D. Felton and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4:30) cited comment on the new round of US-Soviet arms control talks in Geneva in The Los Angeles Times (Toth), Time (Talbot), and The Washington Post (Pinkus).

HUMAN RIGHTS (Meniker, M 6) noted the controversy developing in the US between those who want a link between Jewish emigration from the USSR and the arms talks and those who reject the link. The program commented that it is clear that a country which violated its treaty obligations concerning the free movement of people cannot inspire confidence. The program also indicated that the emigration issue concerns also non-Jews, as, for instance, the Russian wife of Prof. McLellan who is waiting to be reunited with her husband in the US. 2. USSR-US-Libya. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weinstein, W 4) cited Weinberger's press conference statements on the role of Libya and the USSR in international terrorism. The program cited Pentagon experts that the presence of increased numbers of Soviet vessels patrolling the North African coast following the terrorist attacks at the Rome and Vienna airports was aimed at influencing US decisions. The USSR hardly wants to become involved in military activity in the area. US officials were quoted that the US government refrained from military sanctions against Libya in view of the possibility of Soviet advisers being killed and a consequent involvement of the USSR in a confrontation with the US.

3. Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Shevaleri, M 7) reported on the activities of fanatical pro-Iranian Muslim groups in Afghanistan. The program suggested that these activities may be encouraged by Kabul and the KGB which are interested in the spread of anti-Western sentiments in the regions controlled by the partisans. 2

4. USSR-Britain. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, L 5:30) drew attention to the BBC TV satirical series "Comrade Dad" depicting a Soviet-run Britain in 1999 where there are long lines for toilet paper, etc. The program recalled a samizdat parody of 14 years ago which was cited in the British press, and noted Soviet attacks against the US films "Red Dawn" and "Rambo" and pressure against NBC over a planned serial similar to the British one.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 10 and Fainberg, L 10), a RERUN from 18 December 1985, read the text of a letter sent to President Reagan by Soviet dissident writer and artist Mikhail Zotov (AS-5538). In this letter Zotov made a present of his paintings to the president, following the example of American painter Rockwell Kent, who offered all his paintings to the Soviet Union. The program also included a profile of Zotov by Viktor Fainberg, the representative in the West of the Soviet free trade union movement (SNOT). Zotov is a member of SNOT.

RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Antic, M 8), a RERUN from January 12, discussed the case of Felix Svetov, writer and Orthodox believer, who was sentenced to exile from Moscow for "fabricating slanderous materials defaming the Soviet state and social system."

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 26:30 and Sinyavsky, P 2:30) was devoted to the late Soviet dissident writer and political prisoner Varlam Shalamov. The program featured a poem and two short stories by Shalamov on camp life during the Stalin terror and an excerpt from an article on Shalamov by emigre Soviet writer Andrey Sinyavsky.

6. The Leadership. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Chianurov, M 5:30) commented on Gromyko's meeting with people on the street. The program said that many things are changing in the USSR today and that shortcomings of the system are discussed more openly now. Gromyko's gesture could be, although it is difficult to believe it, the first sign that deeds will begin to replace words. The program quoted passages relative to Gromyko from Shevchenko's book Break with Moscow showing that Gromyko, as well as other Soviet leaders, are completely isolated from the public.

7. The Economy. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Dreyer, NY 7) took a close look at the party's plans for the USSR's economic and social development up to the end of the century and expressed doubt that they will be realized.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Malinkovich, M 6) quoted Academician Zaslavskaya writing in Sovetskaya Rossiya that the system of economic and moral incentives in the USSR explains the lack of interest of many people in their jobs and Prof. Kostakov that economic 3

reforms would result in temporary unemplyment for some 20 million people. The program commented that the measures proposed to cope with this problem are insufficient and the only solution is to encourage the private sector.

ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Krasin, NY 8:30), citing figures from the Soviet press, said the market prices for many fruits and vegetables in the USSR are so high that the overwhelming majority of Soviet citizens cannot afford them on a regular basis.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Muslin, NY 4) gave the gist of an article by Reuter's Moscow correspondent on the flourishing black market in the USSR for Western films on video cassettes. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Gladilin, P 6) drew attention to an article in Izvestia about the open market in Sverdlovsk, where private dealers sell goods in short supply to buyers coming from all parts of the country. The article was said to make no secret of the fact that the Soviet public has no choice between being robbed by speculators or robbed by the state.

8. Culture. HUMAN RIGHTS (Kaminskaya, W 6), commenting on the report of the US Helsinki commission on the violation of the right to creative freedom in the USSR, said it tried to determine to what extent the Soviet authorities are violating their treaty obligations, but this is only one aspect of the problem. Another aspect is the lack of professionalism and knowledge of the party bureaucrats in charge of creative activities in the Soviet Union.

An item in CULTURE, FATE, TIMES (Glikman, M 4:30) devoted to Soviet sculptor Matvei Manizer was a RERUN from 19 June 1985. 9. Religion. The text of President Reagan's greetings to all Orthodox believers who celebrated Christmas on January 7 was read by RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr, M 5), a RERUN from January 12.

RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 1), a RERUN from January 12, briefly discussed Russian-language Orthodox catechisms.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 5) cited an article by Jan Krause in Le Monde on the arrest of underground Solidarity leader Bogdan Borusewicz, and the continuing persecution of Solidarity activists. Krause also sharply condemned the failure of a state secretary of the French Foreign Ministry to meet with Solidarity representatives during a visit to Poland. 4

2. Czechoslovakia. RELIGION IN THE MOPFRN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 6), a RERUN from January 12, was pegged to the "close of the year of St. Methodius," which marked the 1,100th anniversary of the death of the Slavic apostle. The program recalled the celebration of this event at Velehrad and discussed the issue of Church-state relations in Czechoslovakia, noting the press campaign against the Church and Cardinal Tomasek last year.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Libya. PANORAMA (Silnitskaya, NY 5:30) gave the contents of an article in the latest issue of Newsweek on Gaddafi and international terrorism.

2. US-Iran. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4) noted the calm official US reaction to the Iranian detention and search of a US freighter in the Persian Gulf.

3. The Philippines. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 4) reported on the preelection campaign in the Philippines, noting President Marcos' attacks against opposition leader Corazon Aquino and US concern over the possibility of a leftist takeover.

4. The FRG. PANORAMA (Bensi, M 5) backgrounded the incident in which Frankfurt Mayor Wallmann was mishandled by a worker at a trade union reception, noting that while both government and opposition parties distanced themselves from the action, trade union leader Breit said it was "understandable" in view of the planned reform of the labor laws which would prevent the payment of state benefits to workers unemployed as a result of a strike in which they were not directly involved.

5. The 1988 Seoul Olympics. PANORAMA (Rubin, NY 4) commented on the talks in Lausanne between North and South Korean sports officials on North Korea's demands for participation in holding the games. The program spoke of improved chances for compromise, saying that Western observers suspect that the clearly expressed desire by the USSR and East European countries to take part in the Seoul Olympics has had an influence.

6. Israel. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Shapiro, M 8:30) noted a considerable improvement in Israel's previously catastrophic economic situation and explained its causes.

7. Tanzania. PANORAMA (Dubinsky, W 4) cited the passage concerning the failure of Tanzania's centralized economic system from an article by a group of American experts in The Christian Science Monitor of January 10 on economic conditions in developing countries. The program author noted that socialist experiments in these countries have generally led to economic ruin. 5

8. The International PEN Club Congres. CULTURE, FATES, TIHE (D.Dvlatcv, NY 8 and Perouansky, r ; offered background information on the PEN Club congress New York. The program was updated to report on the Soviet decision to boycott the meeting and plinc1 the possible reasons behind that decision.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. The Orthodox community in France was the subject of an item carried by RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 9), which discussed the publication of a new French-lenguage Orthodox catechism entitled God Is Alive. The program was a RERUN from January 12. STARTING THE DAY (Benigsen, NY 5), a RERUN from 30 October 1985, featured the fifth installment in a series on the Lord's Prayer.

WORLD TODAY (Limberger, M 30) featured programming on the following topics: US press comment on the new round of US -Soviet arms talks in Geneva (Muslin, NY 4:30); Newsweek on Gaddafi and international terrorism (Silnitskaya, NY 6); continued persecution of Solidarity activists (Salkazanova, P 5); the mishandling of Frankfurt Mayor Wallmann at a trade unicn reception (Bensi, M 5); and Gromyko's meeting with the Moscow man in the street (Chianurov, M 5:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: US press comment on the new round of US-Soviet arms talks in Geneva (Muslin, NY 4:30); continued persecution of Solidarity activists (Salkazanova, P 5); the US, Libya, the USSR, and international terrorism (Weinstein, W 4); the Iranian search of a US freighter in the Persian gulf (Polishchuk, W 4); a BBC TV satire on a Sovietized Britain (Matusevich, L 5:30); and the upcoming elections in the Philippines (Tarasenkov, W 4).

hpf/SL NEWS COV.

ALL PFE SERVICES AND PL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 14 JANUARY 1985:

MAX KAMPELMAN SAID THE US AND THE SOVIET UNION SHOULD "JOINTLY APPLY" THE RESULTS OF THEIR NUCLEAR MISSILE DEFENSE RESEARCH.

ANDREY SAKHAROV EXPRESSED SURPRISE THAT HIS WIFE YELENA BONNER HAD UNDERGONE A HEART OPERATION IN THE US.

US OFFICIALS SAID AMERICAN PLANES ENCOUNTERED LIBYAN JETS OVER THE MEDITERRANEAN MONDAY BUT THAT THLKE WAS NO HOSTILE ACTION.

REPORTS FROM TRIPOLI SAID MUAMMAR GADDAFI ESCAPED AN ASSASSINATION ATTEMPT BY ONE OF HIS RELATIVES TWO MONTHS AGO.

IRAN'S NAVY COMMANDER SAID HIS SHIPS WILL CONTINUE TO SEARCH VESSELS IT SUSPECTS OF CARRYING WAR MATERIALS TO IRAQ.

POLAND DUMAS SAID NEGOTIATIONS TO FREE FOUR FRENCH HOSTAGES IN LEBANON HAD INTENSIFIED, RAISING HOPES FOR THEIR RELEASE.

LEBANESE PRESIDENT AMIN GEMAYEL RETURNED TO BEIRUT AFTER TALKS WITH SYRIAN LEADERS ABOUT A PROPOSED PEACE PLAN FOR LEBANON.

FIGHTING THAT FOLLOWED A COUP ATTEMPT IN SOUTH YEMEN WAS REPORTED CONTINUING. BUT IT WAS NOT KNOWN WHO WAS IN CONTROL.

A FRENCH RIGHTIST LEADER AND AN ALLEGED ROMANIAN AGENT SAID THEY WOULD SUE THE LONDON SUNDAY TIMES.

THE POLISH GOVERNMENT SAID BOGDAN BORUSEWICZ FACED POSSIBLE CHARGES OF ILLEGAL UNION ACTIVITIES AND INCITING UNREST.

AN HUNGARIAN WRITER TOLD THE PEN CONGRESS THAT MOSCOW AND THE US SHOULD GUARANTEE THE SOVEREIGNTY OF EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRIES SO THEY CAN BE FREE.

EDUARD SHEVARDNADZE LEFT FOR A VISIT TO JAPAN.

DIPLOMATS IN ISLAMABAD AND NEW DELHI SAID 20 SOVIET SOLDIERS WERE EXECUTED FOR REFUSIN4 TO FIGHT ALONSSIDE AFGHAN ARMY TROOPS.

REPORTS SAID CHARTER 77 PRAISED POET JAROSLAV SEIFERT AS A MAN OF RARE COURAGE WHO WAS THE INFORMAL HEAD OF THE NATION'S CULTURE.

CHESTER CROCKER MET SOUTH AFRICAN LEADERS.

THE MISSION OF THE COLUMBIA WILL END A DAY EARLY. RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Wednesday, 15 January 1986 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

CULTURAL: A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND reported on 1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 5) control the resumption of the fourth round of US-Soviet arms talks in Geneva, citing arrival statements in Geneva by

Kampelman and Karpov, as well as comments by ACDA Director US Kenneth Adelman that the USSR will have to respond to the November. proposals advanced at the end of the round of talks in -range The program outlined the US proposals on limiting medium missiles in Europe and cited the views of analysts that an before agreement on the same could, in principle, be negotiated the next Reagan-Gorbachev summit. Geneva EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Levin, M 8), on the resumption of the on arms control talks, analyzed the US and Soviet positions relatively nuclear and space -based weapons and commented on the conciliatory tone of Soviet chief delegate Karpov's arrival

statements in Geneva, indicating that the USSR has backed away may somewhat from its previous ultimatums on the SDI program and be bringing to Geneva what is hoped to be a constructive response to the US proposals of last November. The program

noted that Gorbachev is now in charge of formulating Soviet

foreign policy and has hopefully abandoned the USSR's previous and arms control position of "that which is ours remains ours that which is yours is subject to negotiation." 2

based 2. Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 3:30), diplomatic on a Reuter dispatch of January 14, gave a roundup of in reports of Soviet military operations against the Mujahidin various parts of Afghanistan from the end of December through January 11. The program focused on the report that 20 Soviet soldiers were executed on the order of their officers in early December for refusing to fight alongside Afghan government

troops in operations against the Mujahidin. It was noted that

the soldiers apparently refused to fight because of fear that the Afghan troops would defect to the partisan side. The program mentioned in this connection a report that in early to December 400 Afghan militiamen from the Hazar tribe defected the the partisan side. Reference was also made to a report that

Afghan security police, Khad, was upgraded to ministry status. of EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 4:30) gave the substance James Rupert's article in The Washington Post about the devastating and "genocidal" nature of the USSR's war in Afghanistan and the USSR-'s stepped-up campaign to depopulate villages along important supply lines. The disruption of village life was illustrated using Rupert's interview with a farmer from the village of Barakat in Ghazni Province.

PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 4) cited articles in US News and World Report (Girardet) and The Washington Post (Rupert) assessing military Soviet military capabilities and changing political and tactics in Afghanistan, as well as the Mujahidin's difficult situation in view of the USSR's escalation of the war.

3. USSR-Hungary. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 5) said the

Hungarian economic model, which has made Hungary into "the most cheerful place in the socialist camp," hardly seems likely to become a model for the USSR, which regards it with great suspicion. Last June Pravda wrote that introducing private enterprise elements into a socialist economy is fraught with

serious economic, social, and political consequences. Hungary

has also received warning signals from the Soviet leadership.

4. Dissidents and Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Malinkovich, in Western M 5) took issue with Soviet press reports on tramps human countries, whose existence is presented as a violation of in the rights by the "capitalists." The program observed that a day, FRG a few of these tramps manage to beg hundreds of marks that more than an average Soviet worker earns in a month, and and are the overwhelming majority of tramps do not want to work this alcoholics or drug addicts, but that their right to live in the way is respected by society and society helps them. In camps USSR, on the other hand, tramps are sent to concentration and mental institutions as "parasites." P 3:30) FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 25:30 and Sinyavsky, of featured the eighth program in a series devoted to the memory Varlam the late Soviet dissident writer and political prisoner,

Shalamov. The program included readings of Shalamov's poetry work by and his story "Bread," and comment on Shalamov and his Soviet emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky. 3

5. The Economy. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 7) commented on protests by TASS and Trud against the publication in the French press of material on the existence of unemployment in the USSR. The program said Western economists have never doubted the existence of unemployment in the USSR and have come to the conclusion on the basis of a study of the Soviet press that an increase in the unemployment may be expected. The program noted that in the USSR people who refuse to work are sentenced to forced labor and that in its protest TASS spoke of two-and-a-half million unemployed in France. If they were all sentenced to forced labor, there would be no employment in France, but instead, two-and-a-half million serfs, the program observed.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, M 8) cited an article by Chernov in Pravda describing the extremely high percentage of the workforce engaged in manual labor as not only an economic but a social problem and said that the new Party Program will not help matters, since the Soviet economic mechanism is simply not capable of coping with the scientific- technical revolution. The program spoke in general of the underprivileged state of the workers in a state which originally proclaimed itself a dictatorship of the proletariat.

6. Society. HUMAN RIGHTS (Kaminskaya, W 6:30) said that, even according to the Soviet definition of the concept, social justice is violated by the extensive and variegated material and other privileges enjoyed by the powers that be. The program described as a distortion the Soviet argument that it is the bribe-takers, parasites, moonlighters, etc., who violate the principle of social justice.

7. The Military. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Kruzhin, M 4:30) commented on last month's party conference of the General Staff, drawing particular atteantion to the high percentage of technocrats and scientists participating, which, to some extent suggests who the Soviet "hawks" are; the high proportion of relatively young delegates who did not take part in World War II; the comparitively calm statement by Chief of General Staff Akhromeyev on US-Soviet relations; and indications of strategic errors and an unsatisfactory working and moral climate in the General Staff. An RLPS Report was used.

8. Ecology. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Tolz, M 8) read the fourth installment of Boris Komarov's Ecological Sketches, dealing, this time, with the damage caused by the ()il and coal industries.

9. Literature. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Matusevich, L 7:30) commented on a review by Pavel Ulyashov in Pravda praising the anti -Stalinist sentiments expressed by Yevgeny 4

Yevtushenko in his poem "Fuku." The program pondered what this means, following the recent neo-Stalinist orgy, and suggested that either the pragmatic, if not anti -Stalinist trend has prevailed in the party leadership or Yevtushenko has been assigned a role in the Soviet peace offensive against the West.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Aksenov, W 8) included a profile of the late Soviet writer Osip Mandelshtam on the occasion of the 95th anniversary of his birth.

10. Religion. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyev, M 11; Rahr, M on 2; and Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 7) began by citing and commenting appeals (AS-5579) by Tomsk resident Nikolay Brennikov on the occasion of the upcoming millennium of the Christianization of Russia to Gorbachev and Patriarch Pimen, for a release of persons imprisoned on account of their religious beliefs; to UNESCO, proposing that 1988 be proclaimed Year of the Russian Church; and to all Christians. The program concluded with a case history of the imprisoned organizer of a Christian seminar, Alexander Ogorodnikov, on the occasion of the seventh anniversary of his first trial.

11. History. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Paramonov, hand, NY 11:30) recalled the conflict between Stalin, on the one and Zinovev and Kamenev, on the other, at the time of the 14th congress of the party 60 years ago in December 1925.

A feature in RUSSIA, YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Paramonov, NY

9), pegged to the 100th anniversary of Soviet historian Nikolay Druzhinin's birth, showed how this knowledgeable scholar managed to approach the truth closely while making concessions to official ideology.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

None

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The FRG. PANORAMA (Bensi, M 8) backgrounded the FRG Constitutional Court's ruling in favor of the exclusion of the "Greens Party" from a parliamentary organ approving secret

service funds. The program noted that the Greens have in their ranks both leftist and rightist extremists and that their deputies have stated that they do not intend to observe the rules of parliamentary democracy, and reject the principle of state secrets. 5

2. Guatemala. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Dubinsky, W 3) backgrounded Guatemala's return to democracy and the country's serious social and economic problems following years of almost unbroken military rule. The program was pegged to the inauguration of Christian Democrat Vinizio Cerezo as President of Guatemala.

3. The International PEN Club Congress in New York. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 7:30) Soviet emigre writer Sergey Dovlatov noted that the Soviet writers invited to the Congress were prevented by the Soviet authorities from coming, and commented on the opposition to Shultz's appearance. Dovlatov said Shultz acquitted himself with dignity and cited his statements on the need for writers to be free. Dovlatov expressed satisfaction for the freedom enjoyed by his American colleagues, and asked what would have happened if, at the recent RSFSR Writers' Congress, someone had got up and asked what business Gromyko and Shevardnadze had there.

4. Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Shragin, NY 8:30) explained the importance of the right to peaceful assembly and association, together with the right not to be forced to join any association, as laid down in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Pact on Civil and Political Rights of 1966. The program recalled that during the debates on the latter pact the USSR insisted that a clause should specify that the gatherings and associations of the "enemies of democracy" should be banned, but the proposal was turned down on the grounds that the term "democracy" was open to interpretation. Reference was also made to a debate on similar lines in the UN's Human Rights Committee some 10 years later.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: 1. Religion. THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 8 and Davis, NY 5:30) included items on the Christian interpretation of the Book of Exodus and the Ten Commandments.

STARTING THE DAY (Benigsen, NY 5), a RERUN from 6 November 1985, featured the sixth installment in a series on the Lord's Prayer.

2. The Problem of Bringing Up Teenagers was the subject of an item in THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Kulomzina, NY 11 and Rahr, M 1:30). The introduction to the program spoke of the harmful consequences which occur when a totalitarian regime takes from the parents the job of bringing up children. the following WORLD TODAY (Kushev, M 30) featured programming on Geneva (Muslin, topics: the new round of US-Soviet arms talks in W 3:30); the NY 5); Guatemala's return to democracy (Dubinsky, the USSR latest fighting in Afghanistan (Muslin, NY 4:30); and and the Hungarian economic model (Chianurov, M 5).

topics: EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following The latest fighting in Afghanistan (Muslin, NY 3:30); the 5); Washington Post on the war in Afghanistan (Tarasenkov, W (Levin, M 8); the new round of US-Soviet arms talks in Geneva Guatemala's return to democracy (Dubinsky, W 3); and unemployment in the USSR (Salkazanova, P 7).

hpf/SL

NEWS COVERAGE ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 15 JANUARY 1986: RONALD REAGAN AND MIKHAIL GORBACHEV CALLED SEPARATELY FOR PROGRESS AT ARMS NEGOTIATIONS RESUMING IN GENEVA. AND REAGAN WELCOMED GORBACHEV'S COMMENTS. SORGE SHULTZ SAID THE USE OF FORCE AGAINST TERRORISTS AND THEIR WAS LEGITIMATE SELF-DEFENSE SANCTIONED BY INTERNATIONAL LAW.SUPPORTERS REPORTS FROM MARXIST SOUTH YEMEN SAID FIGHTING BETWEEN RIVAL WINGS OF THE RULING PARTY HAD ENDED. IN LEBANON CHRISTIAN FORCES MILITIA LEADER ELIE HOBEIKA SURRENDERED TO TROOPS LOYAL TO PRESIDENT AMIN GEMAYEL. THE AFGHAN UN AMBASSADOR SAID KABUL WAS READY TO UNVEIL A TIMETABLE FOR SOVIET WITHDRAWAL IF PAKISTAN AGREED TO DIRECT TALKS. THE SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER BEGAN A VISIT TO JAPAN. THE INTERNATIONAL PEN CONGRESS IN NEW YORK PASSED SEVERAL RESOLUTIONS CRITICIZING RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN EASTERN EUROPE. ,IIHE EC EXECUTIVE COMMISSION IS MAKING ANOTHER ATTEMPT TO DRAFT AN mwswER TO A LETTER FROM COMECON PROPOSING FORMAL RELATIONS. A CHINESE SPOKESMAN SAID NO DATES HAD BEEN DECIDED FOR AN EXCHANGE OF VISITS BETWEEN SOVIET AND CHINESE FOREIGN MINISTERS. ASTRONAUTS ABOARD THE SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA ARE PREPARING TO COME HOME A DAY EARLY. - RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTY

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Thursday, 16 January 1986 D. Felton and E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weinstein, W 5) reported on US reaction to Gorbachev's proposal to liquidate nuclear weapons by the end of the century. The program cited President Reagan's statement and a commentary in The Washington Post on the proposal coming on the eve of the new round of Geneva talks. It was noted that American officials and arms control experts are particularly interested in Gorbachev's proposal to completely liquidate all medium-range missiles in Europe while leaving aside the British and French missiles. Finally, ex-US Ambassador to the USSR, Malcolm Toon, was quoted that it would be irresponsible to liquidate all nuclear weapons as long as there are leaders such as Khomeini and Gaddafi who could acquire such weapons.

In HUMAN RIGHTS (Kaminskaya, W 5:30) former Soviet defense lawyer Dina Kaminskaya commented on Soviet charges of human rights violations in the US and showed that they are without foundation. Kaminskaya said she has now been living eight years in the US and finds it to be a truly free country.

2. Afghanistan. WORLD TODAY (Nadirashvili, M 4) cited recent articles in the Soviet press making it clear that the Soviets are behind the rebellion of Pushtun tribes in northwest Pakistan, which are causing considerable difficulties for the Afghan partisan supply routes from Pakistan.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gordin, M 5:30) reported on the international hearings on Afghanistan held in Hamburg. The program highlighted papers presented by Tilman Zuelch, President of the Society for the Defense of Enslaved Peoples on the Soviet tactics of systematically destroying an entire people; FRG journalist Guenter Knabe, who expressed the view that the USSR's original intention was to demonstrate its power and strengthen its influence in Afghanistan; and Afghan journalist Zamani, on the USSR's changing tactics in the war. 2

3. USSR-Japan. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Fisztein, M 7) commented on Shevardnadze's visit to Japan. The program said that the USSR is certainly interested in friendly relations with Japan, but not out of "profound respect for an ancient spiritual culture," as Shevardnadze said, but for economic reasons. The program described as open cynicism APN commentator Beglov's claim that Japan's rearmament and military cooperation with the US was a "growing hindrance" to friendly relations between the USSR and Japan and pointed to Japan's minimal defense expenditure, and the issue of the Kurile Islands, which have no strategic value, but could be used as a staging area for invading the Japanese island of Hokkaido.

4. USSR-PRC. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Levin, M 8) backgrounded the PRC Foreign Minister's latest rejection of a Soviet proposal for a nonaggression treaty on account of three obstacles to a normalization of relations. The program recalled previous Soviet proposals, noting that they came when the treaty of friendship, alliance, and mutual aid, concluded with such pomp in Moscow in 1950, is still in force. Reference was made to considerations within the Soviet leadership under Brezhnev of a possible preemptive military strike against the PRC.

5. The USSR and the International PEN Club Congress in New York. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 5:30) described as strange the explanation given by Soviet literary functionary Georgy Markov that the invited Soviet writers would not be attending the congress because of the presence of emigre writers whpo were spreading hatred and malice against the USSR. The program said it was hardly likely that Vasily Aksenov, the only Russian emigre writer participating, had frightened away a brigade of writers including such polemicists as Yevtushenko and Vozensensky. More to the point, said the program, is that the Soviet delegates would have inevitably been asked such questions as why young poetess Irina Ratushinskaya had been sentenced to a long term of imprisonment on account of her lyric verse. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 9; Kuznetsov, M 2; Grivnina, M 2; Finkelstein, M 3; and Kheyfets, M 5) gave case histories of five imprisoned Soviet writers and journalists - Nizametdin Akhmetov (a RERUN from 14 March 1985), Irina Ratushinskaya, Gintautas Eshmatas, Yury Badzyo, and Nikolay Rudenko (a RERUN from 30 June 1982) - whose release has been demanded by participants in the congress.

6. Dissidents and Human Rights. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 26 and Sinyavsky, P 3) featured the ninth program in a series devoted to the late Soviet dissident writer and long-time political prisoner Varlam Shalamov. The program included readings of Shalamov's poetry and his story "Serafim," as well as comment on Shalamov and his work by Soviet emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky. 3

7. The Economy. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, M 8:30) commented on an article in Sovetskaya Rossiya of the January 7 by Academician Tatyana Zaslavskaya, author of the "Novosibirsk document" of 1983, in which she makes the point that the present Soviet economic mechanism does not motivate the workers. The program described the article as disappointing in that Zaslavskaya offers no concrete economic recommendations, and although she rightly observes that many workers have no interest in earning extra money, she fails to explain that this is because there is nothing much to buy with it. An RLR Research Report was used.

8. Oil. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 5:30) cited an article by The Journal of Commerce's Moscow correspondent Albert Axelbank in which he reports a substantial reduction of Soviet oil exports, a major source of hard currency, as a result of an overall drop in oil production. The inefficient Soviet oil production methods were noted, and it was recalled that a drop in Soviet oil production was predicted eight years ago by the CIA.

9. The Nationalities. HUMAN RIGHTS (Malinkovich, M 14:30) drew attention to recent Georgian press reports that last year a group of Meshketians (Muslim Georgians) were allowed to resettle in Georgia. The program cited samizdat documents by Georgian Helsinki Group member Merab Kostava and the Moscow Helsinki Group giving background on the Meshketians and their deportation to Central Asia in 1944. The program said that while it would appear that the Meshketians have obtained the right to return to their homeland, there remains the question of the Crimean Tatars, for example it may also be asked why, if the authorities have recognized the legal right of the Meshketians to return to their homeland, those who defended this and other rights of Soviet citizens are still being held in prison. 10. Culture. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Gladilin, P 6) drew attention to an article by film critic Yevgeny Surkov in Komsomolskaya Pravda of January 9 blaming "bureaucratic stupidity" on the part of the State Cinema Committee (Goskino) for the fact that a film directed by Alexey German entitled "A Test on the Roads" made in 1971 has only just been released. Concerning Surkov's remark that "the party teaches us to be bold," the program said that the party does indeed teach people to be bold, but only when the party orders them to be bold. The program suggested that the criticism of Goskino might indicate that a shakeup of this organization is in the offing.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Nekrasov, P 4:30 and Dovlatov, NY 6) gave profiles by two Soviet emigre writers of Soviet conformist writer Anatoly Safronov on the occasion of his 75th birthday. 4

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. PANORAMA (Salkazanova, P 6:30) drew attention to the demonstrative absence of leading Western intellectuals from the Warsaw congress of scientific and cultural personalities in defense of a peaceful future for the world. Liberation and Le Monde were quoted on the publication by Solidarity of a special English-language issue of the journal KOS on the occasion of the congress and a statement by underground Solidarity leader Zbigniew Bujak thanking all who refused to participate in the congress. C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS: 1. South Yemen. PANORAMA (Kushev, M 6:30) backgrounded the present coup attempt in Marxist-ruled South Yemen.

2. Libya. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 3:30) pointed to Gaddafi's recent announcement, following relatively moderate utterances on the subject of international terrorism, that Libya would train and arm Arab terrorists for the purpose of liberating Palestine. US observers noted that these statements came after Soviet naval vessels had anchored in Tripoli.

3. International Terrorism. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 4) gave the contents of Weinberger's speech at a conference held by the US Defense Department on the subject of international terrorism and subversive warfare. Weinberger criticized the Soviet role in this area. A CND report from Washington of January 14 was used.

4. The US and the Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4) reviewed some US commentaries on recent developments in the Middle East, such as the failure of Arab countries to show solidarity with Libya by withdrawing their investments from the US (The Wall Street Journal was quoted); the connection between increased Soviet naval activity in the Mediterranean and US-Libyan tension; the coup attempt in South Yemen; and Egyptian-Israeli relations (The Washington Post was quoted).

5. US-Ecuador. PANORAMA (Dubinsky, W 3) reported on President Reagan's White House meeting with Ecuadoran President Leon Febrez Cordero. The program noted, among other things, the unity of opinion on the situation in Nicaragua.

6. Pakistan. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Bensi, M 9:30) discussed the political situation in Pakistan under President Zia ul-Haq's eight-and-a-half years of martial law and commented on the country's still -uncertain political future following President

Zia's recent proclamation ending military rule. The program noted that, in addition to the full legalization of opposition parties banned under martial law, the country would have to hold new elections granting the various political groupings full participation rights.

7. The International PEN Club Congress in New York. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 1) reported on speeches delivered at the congress by Susan Sontag, on relations between the writer and the state, and Saul Bellow, on the writer's problems in general. The program also commented on Shultz's remark that it would by hypocritical to maintain that art produced in the melting pot of totalitarianism was higher than art produced in politically free but commercially oriented states. 8. Democracy and the Computer Revolution. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Bensi, M 13) featured a discussion on the compatibility of scientific-technical progress with a totalitarian system of government within the context of Gorbachev's efforts to computerize Soviet society and the agreement signed in Moscow last month by members of CMEA to cooperate in the modernization of electronic and other technologies throughout their economies over the next 15 years. The program questioned how totalitarian societies can hope to be part of a "third industrial revolution" that is based on a free exchange of information and rapid electronic access to statistical data. Gorbachev's fear of Soviet technological backwardness was noted.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. JUDAISM (Lvov, NY 7; Taratuta, NY 7; Reznik, NY 7; and Sirotin, NY 7) noted Judaism's precepts prohibiting lying, slander, petty, gossip, and giving false witness against one's fellowman. The program continued a discussion of the Mendel Beilis blood libel trial in Kiev in 1913, focusing on the false religious expertise of Catholic Priest Pranaitis and his unsuccessful attempts to prove that Jews practiced ritual murder. Papal edicts banning the accusation of Jews in ritual murder were noted. The program then continued its series on the patriarchs, focusing today on Jacob's banishment for stealing his brother Esau's birthright. In the conclusion, the program featured a profile of US cantor Sidney Shikoff and presented a medley of his cantorial chants.

STARTING THE DAY (Benigsen, NY 4:30), a RERUN from 20 November 1985, featured the seventh program in a series on the Lord's Prayer. 6

2. The Homeless in New York City. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Shragin, NY 5:30) discussed the serious problem of the homeless in New York City and noted actions by volunteer groups and measures by city authorities, churches, and synagogues to provide homes for the homeless. The program gave figures on the thousands of homeless families and individuals that are being accommodated in 55 hotels and public facilities.

WORLD TODAY (Panich, M 30) featured programming on the following topics: Weinberger on international terrorism and subversive warfare (Weinstein, W 3); the meeting between President Reagan and Ecuadoran President Leon Febrez Cordero (Dubinsky, W 1:30); US reaction to recent Middle East developments (Polishchuk, W 2); the coup attempt in South Yemen (Kushev, M 5); the USSR, Afghanistan, and the Pushtuni rebellion in Pakistan (Nadirashvili, M 4); the absence of leading Western intellectuals from a Warsaw peace conference (Salkazanova, P 3); and a drop in Soviet oil exports (Chianurov, M 4).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: US reaction to Gorbachev's proposal to liquidate nuclear weapons (Weinstein, W 5); Peking's refusal to conclude a non-aggression treaty with the USSR (Levin, M 8); an international hearing on Afghanistan in Hamburg (Gordin, M 5:30); Gaddafi's announcement that Libya would train Arab terrorists to liberate Palestine (Tarasenkov, W 3:30); and US reaction to recent Middle East developments (Polishchuk, W 4).

hpf/SL sr

NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RUNS CARRIED-THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 16 JANUARY 1986:

AS NEW ARMS TALKS OPENED IN GENEVA, THE US AND WESTERN GOVERNMENTS REACTED FAVORABLY, BUT WITH RESERVATIONS, TO A SOVIET CALL FOR TOTAL THE ELIMINATION OF NUCLEAR ARMS BY THE YEAR 2000. TWO TOP US OFFICIALS SAID WASHINGTON WAS PREPARED TO TAKE MILITARY ACTION AGAINST TERRORIST GROUPS. TWO LEADING SOLIDARITY ACTIVISTS WERE FREED. THEY WERE DETAINED BEFORE POLICE BROKE UP A MEETING CALLED TO DRAW THE ATTENTION OF WARSAW A PEACE CONFERENCE TO RIGHTS VIOLATIONS. REPORTS SAID HEAVY FIGHTING CONTINUED IN MARXIST SOUTH YEMEN HARDLINE WHERE A FACTION IS TRYING TO OUST THE LEADERSHIP. FRANCE SAID IT HAD ORDERED SOUTH AFRICA'S MILITARY ATTACHE TO LEAVE AND WOULD NOT ALLOW HIM TO BE REPLACED. THE FOREIGN MINISTERS OF THE SOVIET UNION AND JAPAN ENDED TALKS. THERE WAS MORE FIGHTING IN LEBANON. THE US SPACE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA, WHICH HAD SO MUCH TROUBLE GETTING THE GROUND, OFF IS NOW HAVING TROUBLE GETTING BACK TO EARTH. ISRAEL'S PARLIAMENT GRANTED HONORARY CITIZENSHIP THE TO RAOUL WALLENBERG, SWEDISH DIPLOMAT WHO SAVED JEWS IN WORLD WAR II. * BULGARIA BANNED WESTERN AND OTHER MUSIC OF NON-COMMUNIST ORIGIN FROM BEING PLAYED IN ITS DISCOTHEGUES *) TEE BULGARIAN SERVICE AND RL NEWS SERVICE DID NOT USE THIS ITEM. - RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO LIBERTi

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

RUSSIAN SERVICE

(For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.)

S Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Friday, 17 January 1986. D. Felton and E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Predtechevsky, M 8:30) said Gorbachev's proposal for the complete liquidation of nuclear weapons contains many elements dictated by a striving for one-sided propaganda or military advantage, but also proposals advantageous to both sides. The sincerity of the proposals, said the program, will be tested by international practice over the next few years. The program noted that the US agreed to renounce nuclear weapons back in 1946 when it had a monoply, but the USSR refused to do likewise. The program said that one of the problems is Gorbachev's insistence on a renunciation of the development, testing, and deployment of space -based weapons. The proposal to rid Europe of medium-range missiles does not go as far as the proposal made by President Reagan some years ago. The Soviet call for the liquidation of all tactical weapons is problematical in view of the Soviet superiority in conventional weapons. If the Soviet plan is to be implemented, the USSR would have to change its policy on international inspection. Finally, the program asked how disarmament measures can be isolated from the so-called "regional conflicts," as Gorbachev insists. On the positive side, the program mentioned the Soviet readiness to completely liquidate its medium-range missiles in Europe, even if the British and French missiles remain.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 5) cited comment on Gorbachev's proposal for a complete liquidation of nuclear weapons in The Washington Post (editorial and Gary Lee), and The Boston Globe (William Beecher), by James MacCartney of the Knight-Ridder Syndicate, and an article in The Los Angeles Times. 2

2. Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 7), a RERUN from January 16, cited recent articles in the Soviet press makng it clear that the Soviets are behind the rebellion of Pushtun tribes in northwest Pakistan, which are causing considerable difficulties for the Afghan partisans along their supply roLtes from Pakistan.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Dubinsky, W 4) reported on a conference on Afghanistan held recently in Washington by two American organizations supporting a free Afghanistan. The program highlighted papers presented by US Naval Academy professor Ralph Magnus; a representative of one of the organizations sponsoring the conference, David Easby; and US State Department official Elie Krokowski. A CND report from Washington of January 16 was used.

3. USSR-France. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 5:30), pegged to the arrival of a French trade delegation in Moscow, listed the past and present obstacles to Franco-Soviet trade for which the USSR has been responsible.

4. Dissidents and Human Rights. WORLD TODAY (Muslin, NY 3:30) reported on the signing of a petition for the release of imprisoned Soviet-Jewish mathematician, human rights activist, and refusenik Iosif Begun by over 300 American mathematicians taking part in last November's annual congress of the American mathematical Society in New Orleans.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Fishbein, M 25 an4 Sinyavsky, P 4:30) featured the 10th program in a series devoted to the late Soviet dissident writer and political prisoner Varlam Shalamov. The program included readings of Shalamov's poetry and his stories "The Parcel" and "An Evening Prayer," as well as comment on Shalamov and his work by Soviet emigre writer Andrey Sinyavsky.

5. Wallenberg. Pegged to the 41st anniversary of the arrest of Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg by Soviet troops in Budapest, SPECIAL PROGRAM (Gordin and Wiesenthal, M 20) presented an interview made in RL's Munich studios with Simon Wiesenthal, Director of the Jewish Documentation Center in Vienna, who described Wallenberg's courageous rescue mission of tens of thousands of Jews from extermination in Nazi occupied Hungary and provided facts about his own 20 -year investigation of Wallenberg's disappearance in the USSR. He noted, among other things, Stalin's response in 1947 to Albert Einstein's inquiry about Wallenberg's whereabouts and pointed out a number of obvious contradictions in the USSR's official version that Wallenberg died in Lubyanka prison in 1947 and that his body was cremated. He also mentioned his meetings and talks with numerous former Soviet prisoners who claimed to have seen Wallenberg in various Soviet prison camps after 1947. The RL interviewer read Soviet official documents on the case and noted the stormy international campaign on behalf of Wallenberg; the . 3

January 1981 Stockholm hearings on the case; and her own interview in the fall of 1981 with Ingrid Videmar, the Chairperson of the Swedish Society in Defense of Wallenberg who said there was evidence of Brezhnev's personal involvement in the case.

Mentioning that the Israeli Parliament proclaimed Wallenberg an honorary citizen of Israel, DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeve, M 20) backgrounded the Wallenberg case. The program cited samizdat documents on the case published in the 2nd and 3rd issues of the samizdat journal The Chronicle of the Ukrainian Catholic Church, presenting testimonies by a Soviet officer, who took part in Wallenberg's arrest, about the circumstances of Brezhnev's personal involvement in the diplomat's arrest in Budapest and by former Soviet prisoner A. Bogdanas, who claimed to have last seen Wallenberg in 1962 in a prison camp for foreigners (AS-5372-73). The program concluded with an excerpt from Mark Deych's samizdat "Notes of an Outsider" in which he discussed the Wallenberg case (AS-4678). The latter was a RERUN form 4 August 1983.

6. Society. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman, M 10), commenting on the present lively discussion underway in the USSR on the question of "social justice," observed that the Soviet press is silent on the privileges enjoyed by the nomenklatura. The program cited from the samizdat autobiographical Notes of An Outsider by former Moscow journalist Mark Deych, fired on account of his political convictions, in which he described a visit to a special food store for the privileged. The program wondered whether the chief editors of newspapers in which the discussion on social justice is being conducted might not themselves be stocking up at such stores.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Gladilin, P 5:30) drew attention to an article in Ogonek, No. 2 (1986), on the case of militia major Pirozhkov who, after having exposed a corrupt city judge, was subjected to severe harassment by his superiors and finally dismissed as local party secretary for "anti -state" activities. The program pointed out that the author of the article not only included Pirozhkov's letter in which he described all this, but asked what the superior party and state officials were doing all this time.

7. Moldavia. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Krimerman, M 6) cited an article by a Swiss journalist on Moldavia which was recently published in the Neue Zuercher Zeitung. The journalist speaks of the backwardness found in the republic, such as the high percentage of manual labor, poor working and living conditions, etc., and also of the decline of the Moldavian wine industry. However, said the program, this did not prevent the newspaper Moldova Sochialiste from claiming how impressed foreign guests were with the way Moldavia was being transformed. 4

8. Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Betaki, P 10:30) reviewed the works of Soviet writer Nikolay Rubtsov who died at the age of 35 on 19 January 1971. The program praised the literary quality of his poems and novels.

The Jewish elements in the works of Soviet-Jewish writer Alexander Isbakh were discussed in JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIP.L LIFE (Lvov, NY 10).

9. Religion. THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION Of RUSSIA (Fotiyev, M 5:30), in a further program on the so0a1 teaching of the Orthodox Church, outlined the Christian socialism of theologist Georgy Fedotov, chief editor of the journal Novy Grad, which first appeared in Paris in the early 1930s. Fedotov sharply rejected the economic materialism advocated by Marx and Lenin, as well as by Hitler, and said that both Stalin and Hitler had usurped the right be call themselves socialists.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 9:30) read the section concerning the changes introduced by the church into ancient Russian family law from Russian historian Vasily Klyuchevsky's speech delivered in 1888 at the Moscow Spiritual Academy. The speech is not included in the Soviet edition of Klyuchevsky's works.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 12) featured the 23rd installment of the late Russian emigre writer Ivan Shmelev's book The Pilgrimage, in which he recalls taking part in the last century as a seven-year-old boy in a pilgrimage to the Trinity-St Sergius Lavra monastry.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, M 9) commented on the continuing arrests of Solidarity activists and the repressive character of conditions in prison, citing Walesa's statement calling on the government to reform the nation's prison and correctional systems and release Poland's estimated 260 political prisoners. Also noted was an article by former political prisoner Jerzy Kropiwnitski in the underground Solidarity bulletin Tygodnik Mazowsze describing hunger strikes by political prisoner and various other campaigns by Solidarity activists protesting prison conditions and demanding recognition of political prisoner status. The program concluded with a report from the October issue of the illegal trade union organ Sector on the arrest of Jan Golumb, the organizer of "Solidarity television" who conducted clandestine televised showings in the Warsaw area in protest against the elections to the Sejm. 5

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Levin, M 9), based in part on a BAD Background Report from January 16, commented on the propagandistic aims of the congress and the Polish government's embarrassment following the refusal of many prominent Polish and foreign artists and intellectuals to attend the congress. The program drew a parallel with a similarly embarrassing confsrance organized by Stalin in Wroclaw in August 1948 to legitimize the Stalinist puppet regime in Poland and noted that Ponomarev Eald his Polish cohorts should have realizedthe risks of holding a peace conference in a country where the situation is not yet "normalized." The program commented on the regime's harassment and arrests of Solidarity activists who planned to meet with foreign journalists during the congress and cited from an editorial protesting against the congress that was published in a special English edition by the Polish underground journal of the Committee of Public Resistance. 2. Czechoslovakia. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, M 6) presentediR obituary of Czechoslovak poet Jaroslav Seifert, a supporter of "socialism with a human face" and the winner of the 1984 Nobel Prize for Literature, who died in Prague at the age of 85.

3. Yugoslavia. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Kh. Peterson, M 8:30), a RERUN from January 10, discussed the nomination of hard-liner Branko Mikulic as Yugoslvia's next Prime Minister in the context of the country's grave economic and other problems which require a firm hand.

4. South Yemen. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kushev, M 5:30), in a further report on South Yemen following the coup attempt, outlined political developments in the country since independence and observed, in connection with the presence of about 20,000 Soviet military, political, and technical advisers and East Germans and Cubans in the security organs, that it is difficult to believe that the rebels acted on their own initiative.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The US and International Terrorism. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 4) noted the difference of opinion between Weinberger and Shultz on the use of military force against international terrorism and cited US observers that President Reagan has so far been leaning more toward Weinberger in this matter.

2. Nicaragua. PANORAMA (Dubinsky, W 3) gave the contents of an article in The Los Angeles Times on the complex power structure of the Nicaraguan leadership. 3. International PEN Club Congress. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 10) emigre writer and US PEN Club member Sergey Dovlatov, reported briefly on the various conference debates: i.e., the immorality of censorship, the writer's relationship with the state, the ideological versus commercial publishing considerations in East and West, etc. He focused on the seminars devoted to the underrated role of translators and the state of children's literature, particularly in Eastern Europe. Dovlatov noted his status as a banned writer in try:, USSR for 17 years in connection with statements by American writers Arnold Adolph and Norman Klein who complained that the "situation of writers in the US is not any better than it is in Eastern Europe." The show's editor mentioned the PEN Congress decision to sent a telegram to Gorbachev demanding the release of five imprisoned Soviet writers whose health is in a hazardous state.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Elias Canetti. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Roitman, M 17) discussed the life and works of Elias Canetti, the recipient of the 1981 Nobel Prize for Literature, and read excerpts from his autobiographical book The Salvaged Language about his Jewish roots and childhood in Bulgaria, published in the January issue of the Israeli -based emigre journal Israel Panorama.

2. Religion. STARTING THE DAY (Artemov, M 5) was devoted to the feast of the Baptism of the Lord.

WORLD TODAY (Panich, M 30) featured programming on the following 110 topics: Gorbachev's proposal for the liquidation of nuclear weapons (Predtechevsky, M 3:30); the peace congress in Warsaw (Levin, M 6); support for imprisoned Soviet Jewish refusenik Iosif Begun by American mathematicians (Muslin, NY 3:30); Franco-Soviet trade relations (Chianurov, M 3); and The Los Angeles Times on the power structure of the Nicaraguan leadership (Dubinsky, W 2).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: US press comment on Gorbachev's proposal for the liquidation of nuclear weapons (Silnitskaya, NY 5); the coup attempt in South Yemen (Kushev, M 5:30); a conference in Washington on Afghanistan (Dubinsky, W 4); the peace congress in Warsaw (Levin, M 9); and Weinberger and Shultz on international terrorism (Tarasenkov, W 4). ct/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 17 JANUARY 1986:'

THE BRITISH ROYAL YACHT BRITANNIA BEGAN EVACUATING FOREIGNERS FROM MARXIST SOUTH YEMEN, WHERE RIVAL GROUPS CONTINUED FIGHTING.

YELENA BONNER, NOW RECOVERING IN A US HOSPITAL FROM A HEART OPERATION, TALKED BY PHONE WITH HER HUSBAND ANDREy SAKHAROV FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE HER SURGERY.

S TOP SOLIDARITY ACTIVISTS JACEK KURON AND JANUSZ ONYSZKIEWIECZ WERE INTERROGATED BY WARSAW POLICE FOR THE SECOND STRAIGHT DAY.

REPORTS FROM TOKYO SAID THE JAPANESE AND SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTERS WERE STILL TRYING TO AGREE ON A JOINT COMMUNIQUE.

US ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE RICHARD MURPHY LEFT WASHINGTON FOR TALKS WITH. MIDEAST LEADERS ABOUT PEACE PROSPECTS.

AT LEAST THREE SPANISH EMBASSY EMPLOYEES WERE KIDNAPPED IN BEIRUT IN APPARENT RETALIATION FOR MADRID'S ESTABLISHING DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL.

US DEPUTY SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN WHITEHEAD SAID ITALY IS CONSIDERING ADDITIONAL MEASURES AGAINST LIBYA.

RONALD REAGAN ENTERED HOSPITAL FOR A THOROUGH MEDICAL EXAMINATION TO GUARD AGAINST. THE RECURRENCE OF COLON CANCER.

US SPACE AGENCY OFFICIALS SAID THEY STILL HOPE THE SHUTTLE COLUMBIA WILL LAND AT CAPE CANAVERAL, FLORIDA, SATURDAY.

SOUTH AFRICA SAID NEIGHBORING LESOTHO WOULD HAVE TO EXPEL MEMBERS OF THE ANC BEFORE SOUTH AFRICA WOULD EASE AN ECONOMIC BLOCKADE.

* RADIO SOFIA HAS REPORTED THE BULGARIAN NATIONAL ASSEMBLY WILL MEET JANUARY 27 BUT HAS NOT SAID WHAT WILL BE ON THE AGENDA.

A TOP US OFFICIAL SAID EAST EUROPEAN LEADERS HAD EXPRESSED APPRECIATION OF BRIEFINGS BY US OFFICIALS ON ARMS CONTROL AND OTHER EAST -WEST ISSUES.

*b RL NEWS _SERVICE DID .NOT USE THIS ITEM..