The Ukrainian Weekly 1987
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Juliana Geran Pilon Education
JULIANA GERAN PILON [email protected] Dr. Juliana Geran Pilon is Research Professor of Politics and Culture and Earhart Fellow at the Institute of World Politics. For the previous two years, she taught in the Political Science Department at St. Mary’s College of Maryland. From January 1991 to October 2002, she was first Director of Programs, Vice President for Programs, and finally Senior Advisor for Civil Society at the International Foundation for Election Systems (IFES), after three years at the National Forum Foundation, a non-profit institution that focused on foreign policy issues - now part of Freedom House - where she was first Executive Director and then Vice President. At NFF, she assisted in creating a network of several hundred young political activists in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. For the past thirteen years she has also taught at Johns Hopkins University, the Institute of World Politics, George Washington University, and the Institute of World Politics. From 1981 to 1988, she was a Senior Policy Analyst at the Heritage Foundation, writing on the United Nations, Soviet active measures, terrorism, East-West trade, and other international issues. In 1991, she received an Earhart Foundation fellowship for her second book, The Bloody Flag: Post-Communist Nationalism in Eastern Europe -- Spotlight on Romania, published by Transaction, Rutgers University Press. Her autobiographical book Notes From the Other Side of Night was published by Regnery/Gateway, Inc. in 1979, and translated into Romanian in 1993, where it was published by Editura de Vest. A paperback edition appeared in the U.S. in May 1994, published by the University Press of America. -
Operation Urgent Fury: High School Briefing File
OPERATION URGENT FURY: HIGH SCHOOL BRIEFING FILE PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH “ As for the enemies of freedom...they will be reminded that peace is the highest aspiration of the American people. We will negotiate for it, sacrifice for it; we will not surrender for it— now or ever.” -Ronald Reagan, 1981 TABLE OF CONTENTS COMMUNISM 2 COLD WAR TIMELINE 4 PRIMARY SOURCE DOCUMENT 6 STORIES OF SURVIVAL 8 GLOSSARY 9 COMMUNISM “The road to Hell is paved with good intentions.” - Karl Marx, Das Kapital 1 Karl Marx (1818 – 1883) was a philosopher, co-author of The Communist Manifesto, and is credited with developing the ideas and principles that led to the foundation of Communism. While he never lived to see his dream of a communist state realized, politicians such as Vladimir Lenin studied his works and formed governments like the Soviet Union, the Republic of Cuba, and Grenada. Karl Marx, 1867. Photograph by Freidrich Karl Wunder (1815-1893). Courtesy of marxists.org. In your own words, what do you think Marx meant in the quote above? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic 1936 Constitution of the USSR Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens ARTICLE 123. Equality of rights of citizens of the USSR, irrespective of their nationality or race, in all spheres of economic, state, cultural, social and political life, is an indefeasible law. Any direct or indirect restriction of the rights of, or, conversely, any establishment of direct or indirect privileges for, citizens on account of their race or nationality, as well as any advocacy of racial or national exclusiveness or hatred and contempt, is punishable by law. -
Praktische Humanistiek Jrg 8 Nr 2 December 1998
See. ^ december 1998 j a a r g a n g Luisteren in het raadswerk Identiteit ter discussie Ethiek in een situatie van extreem Kwaad c/> a Raadswerk als zorg voor de ziel Leren vanuit levensinteresse Humanisme, dood en transcendentie Praktische Humanistiek Praktische Humanistiek verschijnt viermoal per jaar en beoogt een bijdrage te leveren aan de verdere professio- nalisering van mensgerichte beroepen, in het bijzonder geestelijk werk en de reflectie daarover. Het richt zich tot beroepskrachten die vanuit een humanistische inspiratie mensen begeleiden en stimuleren, met bijzondere aan- dacht voor zingevingsvragen. Redactiecommissie Prof.dr Douwe van Houten (voorzitte--), drs Marco van Groenendael (secretariaat, eindredactie), drs Ina Brouwer, drs Rob Buitenweg, drs Ed van Hoorn, drs Brecht Molenaar (correctie), drs Margot Scholte en drs Mart Vogels. Redactieraad Prof.dr HJ. Achterhuis (Technische Universiteit Twente) Prof.dr A.J. Baart (Katholieke Theologische Universiteit, Utrecht) Prof.dr G. van der Loan (Universiteit Utrecht/Nizw) Prof.dr J. van Mens-Verhulst (Universiteit Utrecht) Prof.dr mr J. de Savornin Lohman (Universiteit Amsterdam) Prof.dr S.L. Sevenhuijsen (Universiteit Utrecht) Prof.dr R. Veenhoven (Universiteit Utrecht) Prof.dr M.A. Verkerk (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen/Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam) Gerefereerde bijdragen zijn in de inhoudsopgave aangegeven met een * Redactieadres Postbus 470, 3500 AL Utrecht. Telefoon: (030) 2390100, fax: (030) 2390170 UlTGEVERIJ EN ABONNEMENTENADMINISTRATIE Uitgeverij SWP, Postbus 578, 3500 AN Utrecht. Telefoon: (030) 2368060, fax: (030) 2368140, e-mail: [email protected] Abonnementen Een jaarabonnement omvat vier nummers en loopt van September tot September. De abonnementsprijs per jaar- gang bedraagt / 60,00. Voor studenten geldt een gereduceerd tarief van / 44,00. -
Rfe/Ri. Inc. Broadcast Archive Daily
RFE/RI. INC. DAILY BROADCAT RL- QuAci-ct,v) BROADCAST ARCHIVE ANALYSES 9g6 ickA4 a JAN vAK/ RADIO FREE EUROPE RADIO UBERTY RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS RUSSIAN SERVICE (For a summary of the news coverage used by the Russian Service please see the end of the DBA.) (An * next to a program indicates designated for translation.) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis Wednesday, 1 January 1986 D. Felton A. USSR TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: 1. Soviet-US Relations. STARTING THE DAY (Voznesenskaya, M 5) recalled the case of American schoolgirl Samantha Smith, who was invited to the USSR after having written a letter to the Kremlin asking why the Soviet leaders were threatening the world with war and who was killed last August in an air crash. The program spoke of a propaganda maneuver by the USSR, and said that while she might have been a source of irritation upon returning home, like other pacifists in the West she was not subjected to any persecution, in contrast to pacifists in such countries as the USSR and the GDR. Commenting on an article in Pionengmya Pravda suggesting that the air crash could have been the work of "enemies" who saw Samantha Smith as an "agent of Moscow," the program said the international declaration of children's rights describes instilling in children a hatred of other peoples as a crime and cited the Bible that those whom miskod children should have a millstone tied around their neck and be thrown into the sea. 2. Dissidents and Human Rights. In HUMAN RIGHTS (Alexeyeva, NY 20), a RERUN from December 26, veteran human rights activist Lyudmila Alexeyeva commented on the deteriorating human rights situation in the USSR in 1985. -
Irina Ratushinskaya, 63 Turned Prison Into Poetry
The Washington Post July 10, 2017 Irina Ratushinskaya, 63 Turned prison into poetry Irina Ratushinskaya, a Soviet poet and dissident who was imprisoned for three years at a labor camp, around 1988. She was freed from the camp two years earlier. (Marianne Barcellona/The LIFE Images Collection/Getty Images) by Harrison Smith In April 1983, Irina Ratushinskaya was sentenced to seven years’ forced labor, shipped off to a camp in the Mordovian town of Barashevo, 300 miles southeast of Moscow. The 29-year-old’s crime, more or less, was poetry: “anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda,” though Ms. Ratushinskaya described herself as apolitical and was more likely to pen verses about the view through her window than the repressive regime of Leonid Brezhnev. Ms. Ratushinskaya, who died July 5 at 63, was among the last political prisoners of the Brezhnev era, and among the first to be released under Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, who arranged for her release in October 1986, while flying to meet President Reagan at a political summit in Reykjavik, Iceland. Her three years in the camp — where she worked to make gloves for Soviet workmen and was fed little more than bread and rotten fish broth — nearly killed her, but resulted in an acclaimed memoir, “Grey Is the Colour of Hope” (1988), and more than 250 poems that bore witness to an undiminished optimism. “We live stubbornly,” she began one poem : Ms. Ratushinskaya meets Margaret Thatcher, Britain’s prime minister, in December 1986, two months after her release from a Soviet labor camp. (Press Association/via AP) like a small beast who’s gnawed off his paw to get out of a trap on three. -
Vienna Review Meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
[COMMITTEE PRINT) 10TH CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES CSCE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE 100TH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION THE VIENNA REVIEW MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE COMPILATION OF SPEECHES (JANUARY 27, 1987-APRIL 10, 1987) Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe [COMMITTEE PRINT] . 100TCONRE 1 CSCE 10t SCONGE S HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES | 100-1-3 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE 100TH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION THE VIENNA REVIEW MEETING OF THE CONFERENCE ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE COMPILATION OF SPEECHES (JANUARY 27, 1987-APRIL 10, 1987) Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 72-374 WASHINGTON: 1987 . For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE STENY H. HOYER, Maryland, Chairman DENNIS DECONCINI, Arizona, Cochairman DANTE B. FASCELL, Florida FRANK LAUTENBERG, New Jersey EDWARD J. MARKEY, Massachusetts TIMOTHY WIRTH, Colorado BILL RICHARDSON, New Mexico WYCHE FOWLER, Georgia EDWARD FEIGHAN, Ohio HARRY REID, Nevada DON RITTER, Pennsylvania ALFONSE M. D'AMATO, New York CHRISTOPHER H. SMITH, New Jersey JOHN HEINZ, Pennsylvania JACK F. KEMP, New York JAMES McCLURE, Idaho JOHN EDWARD PORTER, Illinois MALCOLM WALLOP, Wyoming EXECUTIVE BRANCH HON. RICHARD SCHIFTER, Department of State HON. RICHARD NORMAN PERLE, Department of Defense Vacancy, Department of Commerce SAMUEL G. WISE, Staff Director MARY SUE HAFNER, Deputy Staff Director and General Counsel JANE S. FISHER, Senior Staff Consultant (QI) COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES 237HOUSE OFFICE BUILDING ANNEX 2 WASHINGTON,DC 20515 (202) 225-1901 On January 27, 1987, the 35 signatory nations to the Helsinki Final Act resumed discussions in Vienna of the third follow-up meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. -
I Was Born 1954, Next Year After Tyrant's Death
Hall 1. CASE A I was born in 1954, next year after tyrant’s death. Government’s bulletins about dying Stalin having “Chain- Stocks” breathing gave the hope to my parent’s generation that they will breathe more freely. Yet “Archipelago GULAG” did not vanish completely. Three of our family got first hand experience in 70’s-80’s of what it is to be a prisoner of conscience. First my father, then my wife and I. Then the wall was broken, communist party and Soviet Union ceased to exist, criminal code was changed and article 70 we were charged by removed, special political labor camps were closed and former prisoners rehabilitated. Once again there was a hope that GULAG is dead. Once again this hope has been proven to be wrong. There are political prisoners in Putin’s Russia. These are people imprisoned because of government’s political reasons. The country, its rulers and prisoners, the life itself is very different, but prison does not change much. In 1992 I had a rare opportunity to tour Russian prisons and labor camps - this time as a photographer, not as prisoner. Most of the pictures on this exhibit are from that trip. These pictures and artifacts would allow you to glance at one island of the archipelago so to speak. Overhung: Door into solitary confinement cell. My wife spent many days behind it. Books GULAG HISTORY BY APPLEBAUM, MY TESTIMONY BY A.MARCHENKO Books and dissemination of information and opinions in general were by far the most common reasons for political imprisonment during 60’s – 80’s. -
Annual Report Commission on Security
[COMMITTEE PRINT] 100TH CONGRESS HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES { 100-2-24 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE COMMISSION ON SECURITY AND COOPERA- TION IN EUROPE FOR THE PERIOD COV- ERING JANUARY 1 THROUGH DECEMBER 31, 1987 ONE HUNDREDTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION A REPORT TO CONGRESS Printed for the use of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 82-116 WASHINGTON: 1988 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION ............................ 1 II. THE HELSINKI PROCESS .................... 2 III. VIENNA FOLLOW-UP MEETING ................ 4 IV. MONITORING COMPLIANCE ................... 8 V. PUBLIC HEARINGS ......................... 13 VI. REPORTS AND PRINTED DOCUMENTS ........... 16 VII. MEDIA ACTIVITIES ........................ 18 VIII. CONGRESSIONAL RELATIONS ................. 20 IX. WORKING WITH THE PUBLIC ................. 22 X. APPENDIX I Commission Members ........ 24 APPENDIX II Legislation ............... 25 APPENDIX III Commission Staff .......... 40 APPENDIX IV Hearings and Reports ...... 42 (iii) I. INTRODUCTION This report, covering the activities of the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe during the period January 1, 1987 through December 31, 1987, has been prepared in accordance with Public Law 94-304. Commission Background Created in 1976 by Public Law 94-304 as an independent agency, the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe is charged with monitoring and encouraging compliance with all provisions of the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE). Signed on August 1, 1975 in Helsinki, Finland by the heads of state of 35 nations, the Final Act encompasses nearly every aspect of East-West relations including military security, trade and economic cooperation, human rights and scientific and cultural exchanges. -
Anatoly Marchenko MY TESTIMONY
Anatoly Marchenko MY TESTIMONY Translated by Michael Scammell sceptre ANATOLY MARCHENKO The author was bom in 1938 in the small western Siberian town of Barabinsk, where both his parents were railway workers and illiterate. He was working as a foreman on a drilling site in 1958 when a fight broke out between two groups of workers in the hostel in which they lived. The police indiscriminately arrested the innocent and the guilty and Marchenko was sent to a prison camp near Karaganda, from which he escaped and made his way down to Ashkhabad with the intention of crossing the Iranian frontier. He was arrested at Ashkhabad and sentenced to six years’ imprisonment for the ‘treason’ of wanting to leave the country. After his release he wrote this book which was published in the West in 1969. This, together with an open letter criticising the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia led to his arrest and one year sen tence to a labour camp in the Northern Urals. The rest of his life was a saga of unrelieved suffer ing, of time spent in labour camps throughout Russia. He participated in hunger strikes on behalf of his fellow prisoners, was denied visits from his family, and had his hearing aid removed, which left him completely deaf. He died in December, 1986, aged forty-eight, leav ing his widow and a son. CONTENTS Introduction by Max Hayward 11 Epigraph from Zola 21 Author’s Preface 23 PART ONE The Beginning 29 Convoys 37 Mordovia 55 Burov 67 Richardas’s Story 71 Excavations 77 The Cooler 81 The Last Attempt 89 Special Regime 99 PART TWO Vladimir 117 Prison Cell, Prison Regime 123 Hunger 129 Ivan Mordvin 135 Hunger Strike 141 Self-Mutilation 149 The ‘Terrorist’ 153 Hard to Stay Human 157 Our Neighbour Powers 165 Beria’s Men 169 Exercise 173 Tkach 177 Pyotr Glynya 185 Vitya Kedrov 187 The Bath House 189 Equality of the Sexes 193 Prison Service 197 Religious Prisoners 199 The Mentally Sick 203 The Man Who Hanged Himself 205 Cell No. -
How Things Were Done in Odessa
NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH TITLE: HOW THINGS WERE DONE IN ODESSA: CULTURAL AND INTELLECTUAL PURSUITS IN A SOVIET CITY OF THE 1970s AUTHOR: Maurice Friedberg University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign This report is based upon research supported in part by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research with funds provided by the U. S. Departments of State and Defense and the Central Intelligence Agency, through the Council's Contract #701 with the University of Illinois for the Soviet Interview Project. Subsequent to the expiration of federal support and the Council's Contract #701, the author has volunteered this report to the Council for distribution within the U.S. Government, By agreement with the Department of State, the costs of duplication and distribution are covered by the Council under its Grant #1006-555009 from the Department under Title VIII. The analysis and interpretations in this report are those of the author, and not of the Council or any part of the U. S. Government. DATE: May, 1989 Contents Preface I . Introduction 1 I. Ethnicity 6 II. Religion 22 III. Newspapers, Radio, Television 30 IV. Doctors and Lawyers 40 V. Educational Institutions 49 (A Music School, 53; A Theater School, 55; A School for Cooks, 56; A Boarding School, 58; Foreign Language Courses, 65; Public Schools, 67; Higher Education, 68.) VI. Entertainment 84 (A Municipal Park, 86; Organizing a Parade, 92; Sports, Chess, 96; Organized Excursions, 99; Amateur Ensembles, 100.) VII. The Arts 119 (Theater, 119; Cinema, 128; Music, 134; Painting and Sculpture, 150.) VIII. -
Religious Experiences of the Soviet Dissidents*
Religion, State & Society, Vo!. 27, Nos 3/4, 1999 Religious Experiences of the Soviet Dissidents* PHILIP BOOBBYER Introduction The Soviet dissident movement emerged with Brezhnev's coming to power in 1964 and the partial restalinisation that followed it. Starting with the public trials of the poet Iosif Brodsky in 1964 and the writers Andrei Sinyavsky and Yuri Daniel in 1966, the Soviet regime laid down an open challenge to the Soviet intelligentsia to conform to the official line or suffer the consequences. However, the intellectual ferment of the Khrushchev years was not easy to crush, and the result was a variety of dissident activity, embracing political, legal, moral and religious concerns.' To some extent the aims of the dissidents were political in the sense that to expose Soviet injustices always meant finally to challenge the legitimacy of the Soviet state. Nevertheless, activists did not always see their actions in political terms. The purpose of the Moscow Human Rights Committee, for example, founded in 1970 by Valeri Chalidze, Andrei Sakharov and Andrei Tverdokhlebov, was to monitor the regime's compliance with its own laws. Its aims were strictly legal rather than political. At the same time, many dissidents understood their activities primarily in moral terms. For example, the demonstration in Red Square against the invasion of Czechoslovakia on 25 August 1968 was primarily a moral stand. Nataliya Gorbanevskaya, one of the seven demonstrators on that day, wrote that 'the purpose of our demonstration was ... not merely to give expression to our own remorse, but also to redeem at least a fraction of our own people's guilt before history.'2 The dissident intellectual Anatoli Yakobson suggested in a letter which was widely distributed in samizdat that 'the demonstration was not a manifestation of a political struggle .. -
Found Poems in Russian Prison Literature
Found Poems in Russian Prison Literature Gwendolyn Rak Artist’s Statement For this project, I chose to use the form of “found poetry,” in which lines of another work are either blacked out or, as I have done, highlighted to create a new composition. I saw this as an opportunity to incorporate a number of the various texts we’ve read in a final project and to bring new meaning through connections. The form also works well for Russian literature specifically; as we have discussed in class, the tradition of Russian prison literature is strong, as authors draw on the techniques and structures of those before them. In the gulags, too, poems and entire novels were memorized and recited while in prison. Using these texts as the basis of my project seemed to be an appropriate way of taking the idea of literary tradition one step further. Nevertheless, it felt wrong to modify such beautiful, poignant literary texts—particularly the poetry. I don’t believe I have the authority or skill to rewrite the narratives of the author’s experiences, so I opted to leave the literature in its unadulterated form as excerpts. On the other hand, I, like any reader, am able to interpret these texts. With that in mind I decided to pair short selections of poems, novels, and memoirs with found poems that I composed from the theoretical texts we’ve read, offering a creative form of analysis of the interactions between the texts and themes present in each. As for the format, I initially decided to make this project digitally for the cleaner, more cohesive design that typing enabled.