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RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Thursday, 21 February 1985

D. Felton and E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL;

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4) cited testimonies before the Senate Armed Services Committee by three senior officials, Kenneth Adelman, Richard Perle, and John Chain, all of whom accused the USSR of violating existing arms control treaty obligations, including the 1972 ABM treaty. Perle was cited that the USSR should be penalized somehow and that arms control without Soviet compliance is tantamount to unilateral disarmament by the US. Chain listed some of the steps the US plans to take to ensure that the USSR fulfill the letter and spirit of its treaty obligations. A CND report from Washington of February 20 was used.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4:30) cited testimonies before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee by Lawrence Eagleburger, Richard Pipes, and Marshal Shulman, who were not optimistic about the prospects for a US -Soviet arms control agreement in the near future. Richard Pipes expressed the view that SDI was the only realistic program that Could stop the USSR's commanding lead in offensive weapons and might in the future put an end to the nuclear arms race. A CND report from Washington of February 21 was used. 2

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Polishchuk, W 5) reported on a press conference held in Washington by two US Senators and the Washington -based non-governmental "Committee for a Free Afghanistan" at which partisan commanders Rakhmadul Saati and Vali Khan and others spoke of Soviet reprisals against the civilian population, the shortage of arms and medical supplies, and the good treatment given to captured Soviet soldiers. Senator Paul Simon was quoted that the American people should give more help to the Afghan people in its just fight against unprovoked Soviet aggression.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 5:30) reported on a press conference given at the French Senate by visiting Afghan resistance leader Abdul Haq, who appealed for open French government assistance to -the Afghan resistance movement. The program presented an excerpt from an RL interview with Hag taken in Afghanistan last year in which he stressed that the Mujahidin are not an -army or soldiers, but Afghan peasants who are defending their country against foreign invaders. The program then cited press conference statements by the Mayor of Antony, who explained why he twinned his city to Paghman, as well as comments by French parliamentarian Deniau about his recent trip to Afghanistan

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE (Klovskaya, M 5:30) gave the gist of an article in the Swiss Weltwoche by Andreas Kohlschuetter, recently back from a visit to Kabul, in which he spoke of the increasing difficulty of concealing from the Soviet population the real state of affairs in Afghanistan, and suggested that the appearance of a certain elembnt of realism in Soviet media coverage could be aimed at persuading the public to give up illusions of a quick end to the Soviet military involvement in Afghanistan. There are no indications, says Kohlschuetter,- that is interested in a political settlement.

3. Jews. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Salkazanova, P 4) cited an article in the Paris newspaper Liberation by Dominique Nora on a visit she made to the USSR, accompanied by French writer and philosopher Alain Finkelkraut, in which she spoke of the persecution of Soviet Jewish refuseniks. 3

4. Fedor Stepun. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30) featured the second installment of the memoirs of the late philosopher, writer, and politician Fedor Stepun, expelled from the USSR in 1922, which were published in New York in 1956 under the title That Which Was and That Which Was Not to Be. This installment was from the chapter "School Years, Moscow." Therrogram was pegged to the 20th anniversary of Stepun's death in .

5. The Leadership. PANORAMA (Predtechevsky, M 5) examined Gorbachev's election speech, finding that it presages the conformism which he will probably show as a future party leader anxious not to displease the nomenklatura. 6. The Economy. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Salkazanova, P 1:30) cited from an article by Dominique Nora in the French Liberation on the extensive black marketeering in the USSR.

7. Georgia. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M3; Kashia, M 8; and Alexeyeva, NY 10) featured the first installment of a talk by Georgian historian and chief editor of RL's Georgian Service, Dzhanri Kashia, in which he outlined the history and character of the Georgian people's fight for human and national rights. After this, veteran Soviet human rights activist , using materials (AS -5227 and 5228), recalled and backgrounded the trial one year ago of young members of the underground Georgian National Liberation Movement.

8. Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (V. Iverni, P 9) reviewed Alexey Arbuzov's latest play The Guilty Ones, recently published in Teati. The program remarked that Arbuzov's work polemicizes with the Soviet play as a genre.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 8) -gave a profile of the late modernist Soviet poet Alexander Vvedensky in connection with the publication of a two -volume collection of his works by Ardis. Vvedensky was subjected to persecution under Stalin and was subsequently rehabilitated, however, his poetry is still suppressed in the USSR. An example of Vvedensky's poetry was given. 4

9. Chess. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Rubin, NY 7) pointed to the inconsistencies in Karpov's behavior in the matter of the annulment of his world chess championship contest with Kasparov by FIDE President Campomanes. The program said Karpov's reputation has been irrevocably destroyed and recalled the dubious circumstances surrounding Karpov's refusal to agree to Bobby Fisher's contest conditions and his world championship contest with Korchnoy.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr, M 7:30) a RERUN from February 19, included an item on Church -state relations in Poland in the wake of the Popieluszko trial.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US -Britain. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W7), reporting on Margaret Thatcher's visit to the US, highlighted her speech before a joint session of both Houses of Congress.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, L 4) cited British press comment on Margaret Thatcher's visit to the US, particuarly her speech before a joint session of both Houses of Congress, in The Times (London), The Daily Telegraph, The Daily Express, , and The Daily Mail.

2. US -Nicaragua:' EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 4) cited Shultz's testimony before the House Foreign Relations Committee defending the Administration's aid request for the anti-Sandinist rebels in Nicaragua and stressing that Soviet control over Eastern Europe will not be extended to Nicaragua. The program noted that this was the first time a Reagan administration official characterized Nicaragua in terms of the iron curtain and cited President Reagan's radio broadcast calling the Contras "freedom fighters" and "our brothers." Congressman Barnes's dissatisfaction with US policy in Central America was noted.

3. US -Chilean Relations. PANORAMA (Orshansky, W 5) cited an interview in the Knight-Ridder newspapers with .Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights Elliott Abrams sharply criticizing General Pinochet's dictatorial rule of Chile. Abrams compared Pinochet to Somoza, said that 5

the administration erred when it assumed that Pinochet was a temporary ruler who would eventually lead his nation to democracy, noted that the administration has now turned to public denunciations of Pinochet's regime, and observed that, although stepped-up US pressures on Pinochet will lead to a worsening of bilateral relations, the US is interested in maintaining good relations with the people of Chile more than with Pinochet.

4. The Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 4:30) gave a roundup of the latest diplomatic activity aimed at finding a solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict.

5. France. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Sezeman, P 7) talked about the functioning and dynamics of political parties in France, contrasting the pluralistic nature of these parties with the rigid, military-police-like hierarchical structure of the French Communist Party. The program stressed that it is this structure, as well as the Frenchman's dedication to the basic principles of democracy, that led to the PCF's steady decline in popularity over the past ten years.

6. Brazil. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Kosman NY 7) discussed first the recent election of Tancredo Neves as Brazil's civilian President after 21 years of military rule dna noted his statements pledging to return Brazil to full democracy.

7. Peru. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Velberg, NY 7) discussed the rise of the Maoist-terrorist organization "bright road" in Peru and the threat it poses to the still fragile democratically-elected government of Peru's President Fernando Terry.

8. The Pope's Visit to Latin America was the subject of an item in RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Shilaeff, NY 6:30), a RERUN from February 19.

9. Democracy. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Shragin, NY 7) discussed the organizational structure of the Social -Democratic parties in the Western democracies, focusing on the differences between the Social -Democratic parties' "sections" and the communist parties' "cells." The program was based on a book by French political scientists entitled Political Parties: Their Organization and Functions. 6

10. Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 20), a RERUN from February 16, presented the second part of show editor Victor Fedoseyev's interview in London with Paul Sieghart, the chairman of the British section of the'International Commission of Jurists, in which he talked about regional human rights conventions.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON- COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: 1. Religion. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr, M 5), a RERUN from February 19, reported on the return to Cairo from exile in Egypt of Patriarch Shenudah, the head of the Coptic Church.

RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Miloslavsky, Israel 8), a RERUN from February 19, included an item on the Maronites in the first program in a series devoted to religious communities in the Middle East.

SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 1 March 1984, was about Cheese-Fare Week and the spiritual side of Lent.

WORLD TODAY (Belotserkovsky, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: US experts on the prospects for a US -Soviet arms agreement (Polishchuk, W 5); a press conference given by Afghan partisan commander Abdul Haq in the French Senate (Salkazanova,.P 5:30); the Afghan situation (Klovskaya, M 5:30); Margaret Thatcher's visit to the US (Weinstein, W 7); British press comment on the visit (Matusevich, L 4); an article on a visit to the USSR by Dominique Nora of the Paris Liberation (Salkazanova, P 5:30); Gorbachev's election speech (Predtechevsky, M 4:30); and Elliott Abrams on the Pinochet regime in Chile (Orshansky, W.5:30). U

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EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: US official testimony on Soviet violations of arms control treaty obligations (Muslin, NY 4); the latest Middle East diplomacy (Silnitskaya, NY 4:30); British press comment on Margaret Thatcher's visit to the US (Matusevich, L 4); Shultz on Nicaragua (Tarasenkov, W 4); a press conference given in the French Senate by an Afghan partisan commander (Salkazanova, P 5:30); and former US officials on the prospects for a US -Soviet arms control agreement (Polishchuk, W 4:30).

CORRECTION

The following items were omitted from the Russian Service DBA of 12 January 1985, Section D.

1. Religion. NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Rahr, M 5) read a passage from St. Matthew's Gospel on the massacre of the innocents.

The Sunday Talk in NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Benigsen, NY 9:30) was about Christmas.

NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 6:30) commented on various passages from the Epistles.

An item in NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Miloslavsky, Jerusalem 7:30) was about Nazareth today.

jcw/lv/SL NEWS COVERAGE

. ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 21 FEBRUARY 1985:

TWO SENIOR SOLIDARITY FIGURES SAID THE POLISH REGIME WAS NOW SEEKING OPEN CONFLICT WITH WORKERS, THE CHURCH,AND INTELLECTUALS POLAND'S CATHOLIC PRIMATE CELEBRATED MASS IN EDINBURGH AT THE START OF A PASTORAL TOUR OF BRITAIN MARGARET THATCHER WOUND UP TALKS IN WASHINGTON DURING WHICH ARMS WERE A MAJOR TOPIC NATO SAID THE WEST WAS EXAMINING THOROUGHLY A REVIVED SOVIET PROPOSAL FOR REDUCING TROOP STRENGTHS IN CENTRAL EUROPE THERE WAS NO OFFICIAL WORD ABOUT WHETHER KONSTANTIN CHERNENKO WILL APPEAR IN PUBLIC FRIDAY AFTER AN ABSENCE OF NEARLY TWO MONTHS 4ROMANIA'S PRESIDENT AND ISRAEL'S PRIME MINISTER WERE REPORTED TO HAVE ELD AN UNSCHEDULED SECOND ROUND OF TALKS IN BUCHAREST , THE US SAID THE VIENNA TALKS WITH THE SOVIETS THIS WEEK WERE USEFUL AND BUSINESSLIKE " ISRAEL'S FOREIGN MINISTER WARNED THAT RAIDS ON VILLAGES IN SOUTH LEBANON WOULD CONTINUE UNTIL ATTACKS ON ISRAELI TROOPS CEASE IT WAS DISCLOSED THAT GEORGE SHULTZ EXPRESSED CONCERN OVER SOVIET JEWS WHEN HE MET ANDREY GROMYKO IN GENEVA IN EARLY JANUARY AT THE STOCKHOLM CONFERENCE THE US MED THE WARSAW PACT TO 'DETAIL ITS PROPOSAL THAT MANEUVERS BE LIMITED TO 40,000 TROOPS THE SOVIETS SIGNED AN AGREEMENT WITH THE IAEA WHICH PLACED SOME. SOVIET NUCLEAR FACILITIES UNDER, INTERNATIONAL. INSpECTION s- - . COAL SUPPLIES TO POWER STATIONS ittiai INDU6TRY.IN EAST EUROPE ARE BEING' WISROPTED BY CONTINUING COLD WEATHER'. THE UN SAID.1,506 MILLION DOLLARS WERE URGENTLY NEEDED DROUGHT!-STRICKEN AFRICAN COUNTRIES, " THAILAND DISPLAYED UNEXPLODED SHELLS CONTAINING TOXIC CHEMICALS SAID TO HAVE BEEN FIRED INTO THAILAND BY THE VIETNAMESE SOUTH AFRICA SAID SOME OF THE BLACKS LIVING NEAR CAPE TOWN COULD STAY THERE BUT OTHERS WOULD HAVE TO MOVE

*) RL NEWS SERVICE AND CS BD DID NOT USE, THIS ITEM.. talmis141 a rag Ftar:a L gars. $4,,r,6!'"

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Friday, 22 February 1985 D. Felton, E. Romano and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 4:30) commented on an article in Sovetskaya Rossiya by Doctor. of Historical Sciences Arbatov criticizing President Reagan's SDI project. The program pointed out that the USSR itself is the only country to have a land-based, antimissile system, and that it is working on space -based elements for this system. The USSR is also modernizing its offensive weapons.. The program noted West European demands that the US and the USSR come to an agreement on the synchronous deployment of their ABM systems. President Reagan was quoted that a strategy based on destroying missiles is morally superior to.one based on destroying people.

2. Soviet and US Foreign Aid. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4) highlighted testimonies given before the House Foreign Affairs Committee by Weinberger and Chief of the Joirt Chiefs of Staff General Vessey on US and Soviet military and economic aid to foreign countries. In particular, Weinberger and Vessey said that Soviet military aid was designed to create andexploit areas of tension. 3. The Cost of the Soviet Empire. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Krasin, NY 8:30) cited facts and figures from a recent Rand Corporation study on the financial burden incurred by the USSR in maintaining and trying to expand its empire. In the introduction to the item, Milovan Djilas was quoted that Soviet communism is a military empire, and when such empires rot from within, they seek a solution in outward. expansion.

4. USSR-FRG. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 4) commented on the signing in Riga of an agreement making Riga and Bremen sister -cities. The program recalled that the USSR's expansionisnafter World War II discouraged Western cities from -establishing such a relationship with Soviet cities, but it has now proved sufficient for the USSR to renew her diplomacy of smiles, and declare her readiness to renew talks with the US, for the West to reciprocate without hesitation. However, the program observed in conclusion, it is doubtful whether contacts between Riga and Bremen will be as' extensive and unrestrained as those between Western sister-cities.

5. and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 2; Alekseyeva, NY 7:30; and Heifetz, Isr. 11) was devoted to the cases of three members of the Voronezh Helsinki Committee; Alexander Vysotsky,.Vladimir Panteleyev, and Tatyana Matveyeva, citing from the committee's strike call in protest against the Soviet regime's domestic and foreign policies, and to Moscow mathematician and human rights activist Vladimir Albrekht. Samizdat material was used.

6. Anti-Semitism and Stalin's "Doctors' Plot." JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Lvov, NY 29) was devoted entirely to Stalin's notoriously fabricated "doctors' plot" campaign and his preparations to deport Soviet Jewry to areas in Kazakstan in the wake of the aroused anti- Semitic passions among the Soviet population. The program cited reports about Stalin's deportation plans suggested by Soviet historian and writer Grigory Svirsky, as well as disclosures made to the program author in Moscow in the spring of 1968 by a man who was made privy to this secret plan when he worked as the secretary of Moscow Radio's party bureau in 1952-53. The program was presented in connection with Ilya Ehrenburg's letter to Stalin, the text of which was recently published in the late BBC commentator Anatol Goldberg's book and reprinted in the Russian original in the Munich-based emigre journal Strana i Mir. The program read the full text of the letter, which is the first authoritative confirmation about Stalin's deportation plans for Soviet Jewry. Ehrenburg suggested that only Stalin's death stopped the plan from being implemented. An RLR paper was used. Se

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7. Fedor Stepun. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30) featured the third installment of the memoirs of the late Russian writer and philosopher Fedor Stepun, published in New York in 1956 under the title What Was and What Was Not to Be, on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of Stepun 's death in Munich.

8. The Economy. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 5) explained why Tikhonov's promise in his election speech that the government would see to it that there was "something to buy with the honestly earned ruble" is impossible to fulfill under the conditions of the Soviet centrally-planned economic system, which results in the production of huge quantities of uhsaleable goods.

9. Atomic Energy. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 3:30) commented that while the USSR's signing of an agreement with the IAEA allowing on-the-spot inspection of certain Soviet atomic power stations is largely a symbolic gesture and does not apply to military nuclear power stations, some Western diplomats consider the agreement important, since it constitutes Soviet recognition in principle of on-the-spot inspection.

10. The Nationalities. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Avtorkhanov, M 7:30) pointed to the genocide committed by the Soviet regime against such small peoples as the Chechens, the Ingush, and the Kalmucks, and compared it to the extermination of the Jews by the Nazis.

11. Ideology. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (PerouanskY, M 3 and Voynovich, M 17), a RERUN from February 8, Soviet emigre writer Vladimir Voynovich drew attention to articles in a recent issue of Literaturnaya Gazeta presenting hatred as a vital ingredient of socialist humanism.

12. Religion. THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF (Rahr, M 16:30) read the sixth installment of Prince Eugene Troubetskoy's essay Two Worlds in Old Russian Icon Painting, published in 1916. 4

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 2:30) featured the 15th installment in a series on Russian church music.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Shmeman, NY 8) included another program in a series by the late Father Shmeman on Russian writers and religion, dealing this time with Tolstoy. The program was a RERUN from 4 November 1978.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, M 7) commented on the regime's stepped up anti -Church and anti -Solidarity campaign during and after the Popieluszko murder trial in Torun. The program cited the text of the 'Polish Episcopate's letter denouncing the slanders against the Polish Church and clergy voiced during the murder trial in Torun and protesting against accusations levelled against a Polish bishop of allegedly cooperating with the Gestapo. The program then focused on the regime's intensified campaign against Solidarity activists, citing, in this connection, Walesa's reply to government spokesman Urban's statements why the authorities do not want to arrest Walesa at this time. The program commented that the government is afraid of the reaction at holm and abroad in the event of Walesa's arrest. In a related development the program commented briefly on the regime's campaign to discredit Solidarity by charging that Solidarity activists at home and abroad are cooperating with the CIA and using statements to support this charge by returning Polish exile Jacek Knapik, who is being sought by the Austrian police for the theft of property. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Sirotin, NY 7) presented Part 2 of an RL interview with Polish journalist Jerzy Baier, who continued to discuss the Popieluszko trial in Torun and its political ramifications in Poland. Baier noted that even though initially Jaruzelski might have garnered some political gains by his decision to hold a trial, the proceedings in Torun convinced the Polish people that justice cannot be attained in a totalitarian state.

EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi and Alexeyeva, W and NY 7) highlighted an article from the US -based journal Problems of Eastern Europe by Polish journalist Wlodzimierz Bruz, who examined the prospects of the Jaruzelski regime to establish a Hungarian or Czechoslovak -style "normalization" in Poland and concluded that Poland's present political and economic situation will hardly lend itself to Kadar- style reforms and that what the country really needs is a contemporary version of the Soviet NEP of the 1920s. 5

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. President Reagan's Press Conference. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 5:30) cited the president's statements on the US economic upswing; economic problems, such as the budget deficit; the upcoming arms talks with the USSR; SDI; the Middle East; and Central America.

2. US -British Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weinstein, W 3:30) gave a brief roundup of Margaret Thatcher's visit to the US. The program cited from her speech before a joint session of both Houses of Congress in which she reaffirmed Britain's commitment to its NATO obligations, called for a continuation of the East-West dialogue, expressed support for the SDI, and spoke of the negative effects of the US budget deficit on the econbmies of West European countries. The program noted US press comment on the present excellent state of US -British relations, even though Britain openly criticized President Reagan'A Central America policy.

3. The Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Mirsky, P 4:30) cited an interview given by Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal to the president of the French-Arab solidarity society and published in the French pro-Palestinian journal France-Pays Arabes, in which he announced a new wave of terror against Israeli and American interests in the Middle East.

4. India- PANORAMA (Predtechevsky, M 5) backgrounded the Indian espionage scandal in connection with Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's interview statement on the laxity of the country's counterintelligence service. The program noted that Soviet propaganda was careful not to mention the involvement of Polish, GDR, and Soviet agents.

5. Indochina. PANORAMA (Gendler, NY 4:30) cited Thai Army and Cambodian partisan reports on the use of chemical weapons by Vietnamese troops. 6

6. Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 20) the show's editor, Viktor Fedoseyev, marked its

1,000th issue. Fedoseyev briefly traced the program's development, noting that RL is the only radio station human to have a daily show devoted exclusively to rights. He recalled the English, American, and French countries bills of human rights, and remarked that even in like the USSR, human rights are formally recognized. program quoted from interviews with British The international law expert Paul Sieghart, who described a the UN-initiated international bill of rights as revolution in international law; top US trade unionist USSR;_ Thomas Cann on workers rights in the US and the - Elliott Abrams, who described religious freedom as possibly the most important human right; and Max Kampelman, who said the most important thing is to maintain the dignity of the human being. presented an WORLD TODAY (Panich and Fedoseyev, M 17:30) interyiew with the editor of the Human Rights show, the Viktor Fedoseyev, in conjunction with lanchipaof shoves -1,000th program. Fedoseyev explained what rights and respect for the dignity of the human individual mean to him excerpting, in this connection, interviews with Ambassador Max Kampelman .featured also on RL's Human Rights show. The show's editor mentioned the favorable listener reaction to this the show and regretted the USSR's heavy jamming of program, noting statements to that effect by Mark Reitman, a member of the unofficial Soviet peace show's group who left the USSR on February 8. The Soviet editor also pointed to cetain changes in the public's perception of the question of human rights, particularly following the publicity given to this subject by the Helsinki agreements. N..

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7. International Terrorism. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, W 7) cited press conference statements by US expert on terrorism Robert Kupperman, who discussed the USSR's and Eastern Europe's link in international terrorism and suggested that the resurgence of terrorist groups in Western Europe aimed at NATO targets is a conspiracy which may be receiving backing from the USSR and its Eastern European allies. He,noted that members of the Fraction in the FRG, and combat communist cells in Belgium's and France's "direct action" groups have received training in the GDR and the Middle East. He pointed out that the rise of leftist terrorism in Western Europe can be linked to the collapse of the pacifist movement manipulated by the USSR tOTightthe deployment of US cruise and Pershing missiles in Western Europe.

8. Yalta. SPECIAL PROGRAM (Levin, M 20), pegged to the 40th anniversary of the Yalta .conference, recalled its disastrous consequences the Soviet takeover of Romania, Bulgaria, and Poland, and the forced repatriation of Soviet war prisoners.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 2 March 1984, was devoted to saints who inguished themselves during Lent.

WORLD TODAY (Panich, M 54:30) featured programming on the following topics: President Reagan's press conference (Weinstein, W 4); Weinberger and Vessey on US and Soviet military and economic aid (Polishchevk, W 4); new evidence of the use of chemical weapons by Vietnamese troops. in Cambodia (Gendler, NY 3:30); Thatcher's visit to the US (Weinstein, W 3:30); Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal on new actions against Israel and American interests (Mirsky, P 3:30); the 1,000th program in RL's HUMAN RIGHTS show (Fedoseyev and 8

Panich, M 17:30); Tikhonov on the supply of consumer goods in the USSR (Chianurov, M 3:30); and the espionage affair in India (Predtechevsky, M 4).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programson the following topics: Weinberger and Vessey on US and Soviet military and economic aid (Polishchuk, W 4); SDI and the Soviet antimissile defense effort (Predtechevsky, M 4:30); the USSR's signing of an agreement on on-the-spot inspection of atomic power stations (Muslin, NY 4:30); Thatcher's visit to the US (Weinstein, W 3:30); Palestinian terrorist Abu Nidal on a new wave of terror against Israel and American interests (Mirsky, P 4:30); and the new sister cities of Riga and Bremen (Predtechevsky, M, 4).

jcw/lv/scn/SL NEWS COVERAGE ALL:RFE'SERVICES AND .RUNS CARRIED THESE ,ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTSA*:- 22 FEBRUARY 1985: ' THE SOVIET PUBLIC WAS TOLD OFFICIALLY TODAY FOR THE FIRST TIME THAT PARTY GENERAL SECRETARY KONSTANTIN CHERNENKO IS ILL POLISH UNDERGROUND SOLIDARITY LEADER ZBIGNIEW BUJAK URGED POLES TO BOYCOTT ELECTIONS TO THE SEM LATER THIS YEAR 'POLAND'S PRIMATE CELEBRATED MASS IN GLASGOW ON THE FIRST FULL DAY OF HIS PASTORAL VISIT TO BRITAIN RONALD REASAN SAID THE us WOULD NEGOTIATE WITH MOSCOW BEFORE DEPLOYING ANY SPACE-RELATED ArTIMISSILE SYSTEMS 410 THE WHITE HOUSE SAID THE SOVIETS OUTSPEND THE US ON WEAPONS BY "A -SUBSTANTIAL AMOUNT" ONEW ZEALAND PROTESTED TO MOSCOW ABOUT THE WAY THE SOVIET PRESS HAS REPORTED NEW ZEALAND'S DISPUTE WITH THE US OVER WARSHIP CALLS ATTACKED THE WARSAW PACT AT THE STOCKHOLM CONFERENCE A FRENCH COURT FOUND THE PARIS PAPER LE MATIN GUILTY OF LIBELLING ROMANIAN-BORN SUSTAV PORDEA BY CALLING HIM A ROMANIAN SPY ' , TURKEY REJECTED DENIALS BY BULGARIA THAT IT WAS FORCING ETHNIC TURK TO ADOPT BULGARIAN NAMES ISRAEL'S PRIME MINISTER DEFENDED THE POLICY OF REPRISALS AGAINST SHIITE 1ISIM04 TERRORISTS IN SOUTH LEBANON GEORGE SHULTZ TO RESUME AID TO NICARAGUAN REBELS FIGHTING WHAT, HECALLED,OR.CONGREGS CALLED COMMUNIST TYRANNY'-' INDIA'S PRIME MINISTER SAID ESPIONAGE ACTIVITY THERE HAD BEEN LARSEL CONTROLLED AFTER THE DESTRUCTION OF A MAJOR SPY OPERATION HUNGARY'S PRIME MINISTER ENDED A' VISIT TO AUSTRIA' THE TRIAL OPENED IN MANILA OF THE ARMED FORGES CHIEF AND 25 OTHERi ACCUSED IN THE MURDER OF BENISNO ASUINO

*) THE 'ROMANIAN BD DID NOT USE THIS ITEM ..... , m g Fii.. -i ivwswriall:iros.. /Lis

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Saturday, 23 February 1985 M. Romano, J. Riollot, and L. Mardirossian

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Tarasenkov, W 5) reviewed the following developments on the arms control issue this week: Shultz's Congressional tettimony about the US bringing positive and constructive proposals to Geneva, State Department spokesman Kalb's rejection of Gromyko's charges in Kaliningrad that the administration's SDI is aggressive in nature, President Reagan's comments to a group of US scientists that the SDI is of vital significance to US and world security and stability and that it will not become the subject of a trade deal, and Paul Nitze's 'statements about the complex problems facing the, US-Soviet arms control talks.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Salkazanova, P 1:30) noted press conference statements to the French Senate by visiting Afghan resistance leader Abdul Haq, appealing for open French government assistance to the Afghan people struggling for freedom and democracy. Cited also were comments by French parliamentarian Jean-Francois Deaniau, who recently returned from a trip in Afghanistan. 2

3. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 3 and Alexeyeva, NY 7) read and commented on an interview Andrey Sakharov gave to Newsweek on 24 February 1977. The show's editor talked about the topicality of Sakharov's views on the' USSR's non-compliance with the Helsinki agreements and his comments on the indivisible link between the security of the world and worldwide respect for human rights. It was noted that the fifth Sakharov Hearings will open in London on April -10 and that an international conference on human rights is scheduled to convene in Ottawa two weeks before the London hearings.

In DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1 and Seytmuratova, NY 9:30) the respresentative abroad of the Crimean Tatar cause, Ayshe Seitmuratova, talked about the relatively high number of Crimean Tatars who fought in the Red Army against fascism, noting that 26.4 percent of the adult population was killed in battle. . She stressed that because of a small group of hostile elements an entire nation was uprooted and deported on fabricated "treason" charges. Seitmuratove noted that 40 years after the war the Crimean Tatars are still deprived of the right to return to their homeland.

PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Salkazanova, P 1) read the text of the French Socialist Party statement denouncing the USSR's inhumane treatment of dissidents and the death 'of Eduard Arutunyan, one of the founders of the Armenian Helsinki Group.

PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Salkzanova, P 1) noted a statement by leading French Socialist Party functionary Bertrand Delanoet about his intention to travel to the USSR to meet with Jewish refuseniks, including Lev Furman who has been trying to emigrate to Israel for the past ten years.

4. Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 20), a RERUN from February 22, discussed the meaning of basic human rights and freedoms on the occasion of the 1,000th show in this program series. The show's editor featured excerpts of his interviews with Ambassador Kampelman, Elliott Abrams, US trade union leader Thomas Cann, and chairman of the British section of the International 'Association of Jurists Paul Sieghart on human rights questions. 3

5. The Leadership. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Avtorkhanov, M 20) featured a lecture by Prof. Avtorkhanov in which he examined the chances of Gorbachev succeeding Chernenko. After describing the aptitudes required of a candidate for top party positions as he makes his way up through the ranks of the apparatus, the program explained why Gorbachev has the better chance of acceding to the post of General Secretary, if Chernenko leaves the political scene in the near future. Gorbachev's performance during his recent visit to London was said to have shown the measure of his ability.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Rubin, NY 5) cited commentaries in The Los Angeles Times and The Boston Globe about Chernenko's reportedly deteriorating health and his failure to deliver the traditional preelection speech. A Reuter report from Moscow was quoted to the effect that Gorbachev seems to be ahead of Romanov in the race for Chernenko's post.

6. Military Spending and the Arms Race. ECONOMIC IN THE MODERN WORLD (Yudovich, M 6) dealt with the new military buildup following the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in December 1979 and said that the Soviet economy cannot bear a new arms race which is likely to be an economic and technological war in which a decisive role will be the quality factor. The absence of quality in the Soviet industry is a weakness. Soviet diplomacy spares no effort to forestall US and, in general, Western military advancement in order to preserve Soviet military credibility.

7. The Soviet Armed Forces. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Lvov, NY 6) discussed a number of-1storica pAr.tc.-of historical aspects connected with Soviet Army Day, focusing especially on the black pages in the Red Army's history not mentioned in Soviet historiography, including Stalin's destruction of more than 30,000 Red Army officers before World War II causing the USSR to suffer colossal war casualties. The program cited Marshal Bagramyan's comments to that effect in an interview he gave to Literaturnaya Gazeta on 17 April 1965. 4

The program SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M'4) questioned the authenticity of Soviet Army and Navy Day, which is based on a fictitious date which resulted from a myth-making, propaganda policy. The, program recalled Russian real military victories, such as the battle of Kulikovo AN>Le in 1380, which Soviet propaganda has neglected.

Concerning contemporary aspects of the Red Army, RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Raivicher, M 8) presented a talk by former Soviet military doctor, Boris Raivicher, about the serious nutrition and hygiene problems in the Soviet army today. The program noted among other things that 50 percent of Soviet servicemen leave the army with some form of gastritis and about 10 percent develop stomach ulcers during their tour of military service.

SIGNAL (Churakov, NY 5) profiled Marshal Sokolov, who succeeded to Ustinov as Soviet Defense Minister. The program noted that Sokolov embodies a compromise between the supporters of current Soviet military policy and the party apparatchiks who are anxious to preserve the existing structure of the Soviet Army.

5

In SIGNAL (Nekrasov, P 8) exile Soviet writer Nekrasov profiled Soviet Marshal Timoshenko on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birthday and provided some details about his military career from 1918 to his death in 1970. The program cited excerpts from Khruschev's memoirs on the situation in the SovietArmy before World 1WAr II and concluded that Soviet Army's colossal losses in men during the war were due to incompetent commanders, such as Voroshilov, Budenny, Timoshenko, and Stalin.

8. The Economy. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Shapiro, M 7) quoted the first part of a recent article by Bakhtamov in the Munich-based, Russian -language journal Strana i Mir devoted to the Soviet economy. The program discussed the various efforts aimed at developing the Soviet economy from the very beginning of Soviet power and noted that the socialist system was and is an obstacle. The Soviet economic experiment has failed because of the incompatibility of the relationship between consumption and the forces of production.

WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Dovlatov, NY 7:30) commented on an article by Soviet journalist Mironov in entitled "And the Business Manager Complains." The article called on managers to increase order on construction sites. Mironov's article did not advance any concrete proposals.

9. US Imports from the USSR. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Polishchuk, W 4) detailed the legislation proposed by California Congressman Robert Dornan that would make it illegal to import goods manufactured by slave labor from the USSR and other communist countries. The program was a RERUN from February 6. 10. Merchant Fleet. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Mirsky, P 8) featured an interview with former Soviet sea-going captain Vladil Lysenko who defected to the West in 1975, served on Swedish tankers, and retired on a pension in 1983. The program profiled him and contrasted Western and Soviet social conditions.

11. Lyubimov. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Salkazanova, P 4) cited favorable French press reviews of Yury Lyubimov's staging in Paris of Dostoevski's The Demons, and presented excerpts from his interview in RL'S Paris studios. Lyubimov noted how constant compromises of his artistic freedom had. led him to break with the system after his 20 -year directorship of the Taganka Theater in Moscow. Lubimov stressed that despite his expulsion and deprivation of citizenship he will always remain a Russian. 6

12. :Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Aksenov," W12) included a feature on Soviet writer Boris Pilnyak, a RERUN from 12 May 1984.

13. Emigration. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Glezer, NY 6:30) talked about Soviet emigre painter Boris Zaborov.

14. Fedor Stepun. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30) presented the fourth installment of the memoirs of writer, philosopher, and public figure Fedor Stepun entitled What Was and What Was Not to Be, published in New York in 1956. The program was pegged to the 20th anniversary of Stepun's death in Munich. Today's instalmment was from the chapter "Russia -on the Eve of the War -- the Return from Abroad."

15. Religion. SUNDAY MASS (Rahr and Kholodnaya, NY 53) presented a Russian Orthodox religious service.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Matusevich, L 1:30) discussed Cardinal Glemp's visit to Poland, noting that to Englishmen the Polish Church symbolizes the struggle of a people for independence and social justice and the Polish clergy's dedication to the ideals of Solidarity. Also mentioned was a British TV series on the Polish society in the 1980s. WORKERS MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 5) reviewed and commented on recent events in Poland related to the growing tension in connection with planned increase in food prices and a statement by Walesa and the TKK appealing for a 15 -minute work stoppage on February 28. The program discussed the case of Solidarity member Anna Walentynowicz and seven other people who have begun a hunger strike in protest against the recent police action against Solidarity activists, particularly the arrests of Lis, Frasyniuk and Michnik. The program also reviewed a Polish government spokesman's statement on Walesa and noted the fact that 800 people sent a letter to Poland's chief prosecutor in defense of the Solidarity activists. 7

2. Eastern Europe. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Bensi, W 5), based on a CND report from the UN of February 21, detailed the findings of a UN report# which concluded that present economic trends in Eastern Europe point in the direction of greater decentralization, flexibility, aid efficiency. An overview of economic changes in individual East European countries was given.

3. PRC Economic Reforms. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Krasin, NY 5) discussed private industrial enterprises in communist China which have spread as a means to overcome the unemployment among young people. The program focused ' on the television factory Shang Le in Shanghai, which marketed more goods than the centralized factories and concluded that small private enterprises should-be able to contribute to implementing the free-market system in China.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. Arms Control. SIGNAL (Murphy and Predtechevsky, M 12) read a lightly abridged translation of an RFE/RL interview with Kenneth Adelman, Director of.the ACDA pegged to the forthcoming US -Soviet arms control talks in Geneva next March. Adelman characterized the Reagan administration's policy on arms control, compared it with previous US administrations' policies in this area, discussed reasons why the Soviet Union is coming back to the negotiating table and commented on the US and Soviet goals at the Geneva meeting.

2. The Potsdam Conference. SPECIAL PROGRAM (Levin, M 20) recalled the circumstances leading to the Potsdam Conference 40 years ago in July 1945.

3. US -British Relations. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Matusevich, L 1) mentioned briefly the results of Prime Minister Thatcher's official visit in the US, noting her coments in support of President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative.

4. EEC. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Dudin, NY 5:30) reviewed an article by Graham Avery in a recent issue of the British journal World Today entitled "Reforms for a Common Agricultural Policy." The program highlighted the EEC's new measures aimed at guaranteeing food prices by applying quotas to production. The program said that at the EEC's latest meeting in Brussels three major measures regarding its agricultural production were adopted. 8

5. Britain. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Matusevich, L 1:30) updated the latest developments in the coalminers' strike, citing a commentary in The Guardian, that Arthur Scargill had inflicted irreparable damage on the coalminers' union, the national trade union movement, and the Labour Party.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Rahr, Mu) read a passage from St. Mattew's Gospel about the need to forgive

The Sunday Talk in NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Benigsen, NY 9) was on the need to forgive.

An item in NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 9) on the Bible and marriage was presented in the series "Though the Bible Step-By-Step."

SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 3 March 1984, reflected on Adam's banishment from the Garden of Eden. The program was pegged to the beginning of Lent in the Orthodox Church.

ws/jcw/SL 4.

NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 23 FEBRUARY 1985:

NEWSMEN SAID 22 PEOPLE ARE NOW ON HUNGER STRIKE AT A SUBURBAN KRAKOW CHURCH TO PROTEST GOVERNMENT ACTIONS AGAINST SOLIDARITY 40POLISH PRIMATE JOZEF 6LEMP TOURED ENGLAND'S LAKE DISTRICT AbTHE BEIRUT AIRPORT HIJACKING ENDED BUT IT is STILL NOT KNOWN WHAT IPHAPPENED TO THE AIRPORT SECURITY OFFICIAL WHO STAGED IT A LEBANESE SHIITE MuSLIM LEADER TOLD SUPPORTERS TO RESIST ISRAELIS RAIDING SUSPECTED TERRORIST VILLAGES IN SOUTH LEBANON A JORDANIAN CABINET MINISTER SAID THE Us SHOULD RECOGNISE A PLO-JORDANIAN ACCORD AS IMPORTANT FOR AN ARAB-ISRAELI SETTLEMENT HANS DIETRICH BENSCHER WARNED THAT THE UPCOMING US -SOVIET ARMS TALKS MIGHT BE THE LAST CHANCE FOR SIGNIFICANT DISARMAMENT A VATICAN SPOKESMAN SAID THE POPE MAY MEET SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREY GROMYKO DURING HIS VISIT TO ROME NEXT WEEK THE TURKISH PARLIAMENT SPEAKER SAID TURKISH LAWMAKERS SHOULD BE ALLOWED TO VISIT AREAS OF BULGARIA WHERE ETHNIC TURKS ARE ALLEGEDLY SUFFERING PERSECUTION 4IPETHIOPIA DEMANDED THE RETURN OF THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE SECRETLY

TRANSPORTED TO ISRAEL AND SAID THEY WERE NOT JEWS S. ' US GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS WERE'SUOTED AS SAYING THE CIA HAD A PLAN THREE YEARS AGO FOR OUSTING NICARAGUA'S LEFTIST GOVERNMENT CANDIDATES FOR MONDAY'S ELECTION TO PAKISTAN'S NATIONAL ASSEMBLY .! BOYCOTTED BY THE OPPOSITION -- WOUND UP THEIR CAMPAIGN

PPRIMErisramoraja OM NIB min in Sitio

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Sunday, 24 February 1985

J. Riollot and E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: 1,

1. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. Pegged to the UN's designation of 1985 as Youth Year, MODERN WOMAN (Gordin, M 2 and Voznesenskaya, M 4) presented a talk entitled "The Grandchildren of Pavlok Morozov," in connection with a report in Pioneer Pravda about the propagandistically organized international youth meeting at the "Artek" pioneer camp, held under the motto " Are Exposing Imperialism." At the meeting 9 -14 -year-old youngsters from the FRG, Cuba, and the US charged that "imperialism is responsible for the nuclear war psychosis, epidemics, assassination attempts against Cuban leaders, etc." The program commented on the lies used by the above newspapers's correspondents who told visiting American children that "Soviet soldiers were invited to Afghanistan, that US funds to the "counterrevolutionaries" are used to blow up schools and kill teachers, and that US agents are dropping booby-trap mines made to look like toys on Afghan soil." The program also observed that the Soviet propaganda machinery found an Afghan equivalent to "Pavlik Morozov," and is now giving broad publicity to the "heroic deeds" of a 13 -year-old Afghan boy, Alim Kasym, who is a guest at the Kirghiz pioneer camp "Stroitiel." S

2

FIGHTING AFGHANISTAN (Klovskaya, M 4) commented on an article in Pravda of February 14, which used a number of standard Soviet arguments to justify the war in Afghanistan to the Soviet public and advanced the unusual argument that the Soviet military presence in Afghanistan is essential for the security of the USSR's southern borders which would otherwise be threatened by attacks by imperialist and proimperialist circles. The program stressed that no one is threatening the security of the USSR but that the article reveals Soviet fear that the growing national and religious awareness of the Muslims in Soviet Central Asia can lead to undesirable unrest in the region. Brief comment was also given to Pravda's charge that the PRC is training Afghan "counterrevolutionaries."

FIGHTING AFGHANISTAN (Iverni, P 11) featured Part 2 of a discussion based on French journalist Armand de Viloutre's article in the French journal Geopolitique, in which he describes his experiences during a three-month stay in Afghanistan with the French humanitarian group "Doctors Without Frontiers." He praised the courage of the Afghan people's struggle for freedom, described the Soviet devastation of the country, and gave an account of his meeting with Afghan resistance leader Muhammad Vardak, who criticized the political divisions between resistance groups in Peshawar and complained that his group does not receive enough weapons.

FIGHTING AFGHANISTAN (Gorbanevskaya, P 10) reviewed a section of the recently published book by French journalist Christophe de Ponfilli entitled Illegal Witness to the Afghan People's War, describing his trip through Afghanistan in September 1984 and citing his interview with Afghan resistance leader Massoud, who talked about the tactics he uses against the Soviet invaders, including his infiltration of the Afghan intelligence service (KHAD).

FIGHTING AFGHANISTAN (Nadirashvili, M 3) noted the establishment of an office in Peshawar by the private West German committee assisting Afghan resistance fighters which plans to build a home for war orphans and clinics for war victims with its privately collected funds. 3

2. Dissidents and Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 20) discussed the meaning of basic human rights and freedoms on the occasion of the 1,000th show in this program series. The show's editor featured excerpts of his interviews with Ambassador Kampelman, Elliott Abrams, US trade union leader Thomas Cann, and chairman of the British section of the International Association of Jurists Paul Sieghart on human rights questions. The program S was a RERUN from February 23. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 3 and Malinkovich, M 17:30) featured a samizdat account (AS-5389) of the trial last December in Moscow of Yuly Edelstein, sentenced to three years on a trumped-up charge of possessing drugs. The program was a RERUN from February 20.

3. The Leadership. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Avtorkhanov, M 20) featured a lecture by Prof. Avtorkhanov in which he examined the chances of Gorbachev succeeding Chernenko. The program was a RERUN from February 23.

The Military. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 4) questioned the authenticity of Soviet Army and Navy Day, which is based on a fictitious date which resulted from a myth- making, propaganda policy. The program was a RERUN from February 23.

SIGNAL (Churakov, NY 5) profiled Marshal Sokolov, who succeeded to Ustinov as Soviet Defense Minister. The program was a RERUN from February 23.

On SIGNAL (Nekrasov, P 8) exile Soviet writer Nekrasov profiled Soviet Marshal Timoshenko on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birthday and provided some details about his military career from 1918 to his death in 1970. The program was a RERUN from February. 23. 4

M 14) 5. Youth. MODERN WOMAN (Gordin and Raivicher, Boris presented an interview with emigre Soviet doctor

Raivicher who commented on an article in the youth journal Smena written by Soviet cardiologist,

Shkhvadsabaya. Shkhvadsabaya expressed deep concern schoolchildren over the fact that 30 percent of Soviet hypertension" are suffering fran so-called "juvenile serious cardiac (high blood pressure) which could lead to Raivicher 'ailments and heart attacks in later years. susceptible noted that Soviet children seem to be more since to this condition because of wrong nutrition and, most infancy, not enought mobility or free time, factor of all, because of the "child-stress neurosis" problems brought on by having to face serious social school. and educational pressures at home and in the commented 6. Toys. MODERN 'WOMAN (Galkina, NY 2:30) in on the relatively unimaginative children's toys was the USSR. The dynamic toy industry in the US mentioned. NY 8) 7. The Cinema. CULTURE, FATES, TIMES (Gabai, film reviewed Maria's Lovers, a film made by Soviet director Konchalovsky in Hollywood. raised the 8. Sport. WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 12) question why the Soviet press was silent on the Moscow. cancellation of the world chess championship in The program quoted reports on the subject from by and Reuter as well as comments Chess experts. It also included an interview with Grand Master Shmakovich. pegged WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY and Gladilin, P 12), in an article by Soviet sport official Tarasov to Soviet Komsomolskaya Gazeta, discussed the situation in ice hockey. (Maximov, P 10:30) 9. Emigration. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME " continued a series entitled "The Friends of Alexandra, with a program devoted to Tolstoy's daughter who lives in the US in emigration. 5

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29) featured an excerpt from Fedor Stepun's What Did and What Did Not Come to Pass. The program was a RERUN from 21 February 1984.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

None

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The US. US TODAY (Churakov, NY 14), dealing with the lawsuit brought by General Westmoreland against CBS, addressed the question of what can this case add to our knowledge of American public life. The program made the following points: no organ of power, in this case the army, is free from public criticism; powerful groups, including the press, know how to exert self-restraint. The program recalled that the sale of in the Soviet armed forces was stopped by the military authorities in the early 1960s after the journal published an article demystifying the role of the cruiser Aurora in the October Revolution.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON- COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: 1. The US. US TODAY (Rubin, NY 7) featured an interview with a Soviet emigre who worked 32 years as a teacher in the US and now lives in an old people's home near New York. The interview was about living conditions in old people's homes in the US.

US TODAY (Rubin, NY 7) described the abundance of all kinds of fruits and vegetables in New. York during the winter, a thing unknown in Soviet cities.

2. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5) reflected on Adam's banishment from the Garden of Eden. The program was a RERUN from 3 March 1984.

sm/scn/jcw/lv/SL

- NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 24 FEBRUARY 1985:

THE SOVIET PEOPLE HAVE HAD THEIR FIRST GLIMPSE IN ALMOST TWO MONTHS OF PARTY GENERAL SECRETARY KONSTANTIN CHERNENKO. THE LEADER OF POLAND'S SOLIDARITY UNION, LECH WALESA IS QUOTED AS SAYING TODAY THE BRIEF STRIKE SET. FOR THURSDAY IS STILL ON. - SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREy 6ROMYKO LEAVES TOMORROW FOR A VISIT TO ITALY WHICH MAY INCLUDE AN AUDIENCE WITH POPE JOHN PAUL. -THE ISRAELI -CABINET MET.TODAY AND GAVE ITS BACKING TO ISRAELI RETALIATORY MEASURES AGAINST SHIITE GUERRILLAS IN SOUTH LEBANON. ISRAELI FOREIGN MINISTER YITZHAK SHAMIR ARRIVED IN PARIS TODAY ON THE FIRST STAGE OF A THREE-NATION TOUR AIMED AT STRENGTHENING ECONOMIC AND DIPLOMATIC TIES WITH THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY. IRAQ SAID TODAY IT IS SEEKING A MEETING OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL TO.DISCUSS A RECENT UN REPORT ON THE CONDITIONS OF PRISONERS TAKEN BY BOTH SIDES IN THE WAR WITH IRAN. A SENIOR NORWEGIAN DIPLOMAT GOES ON TRIAL IN OSLO TOMORROW CHARGED WITH SPYING FOR THE SOVIET UNION FOR 10 YEARS. PAKISTAN'S PRESIDENT, GENERAL MuHAMMAD ZIA UL-HAG, SAYS TROOPS ARE ON STAND-BY TO ENSURE THERE ISA() TROUBLE DURING VOTING FOR THE ASSEMBLY TOMORROW. , NATIONAL SIP Irs

87RITEMERISFE

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RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Monday, 25 February 1985 D. Felton and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Nadirashvili, M 12) contrasted an article by Alexander Prokhanov in Znamya, in which Soviet forces in Afghanistan are presented as defending and helping the local population against American and West European imperialists and mercenaries, with the testimony given by Soviet deserter Yury Povarnitsyn.

2. Soviet Espionage in Norway. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, Oslo 4:30) backgrounded the case of top Norwegian official Arne Treholt, charged with espionage for the USSR on the occasion of the start of his trial in Oslo.

3. Dissidents and Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS' (Fedoseyev, M 20) featured an interview with Prof. Martin Dewhirst of Glasgow University, one of the organizers of the fifth Sakharov Hearings, due to take place in London on April 10- 11, who answered questions about the organization of the meeting, its participants, and its agenda.

4. ,The Emigration. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Mirsky, P 11) included the first part of an interview with emigre Russian theater director Yury Lyubimov, who talked about his relationship with the regime when he headed the Taganka Theater in Moscow. 2

An item in CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Glezer, P.6) was devoted to emigre Russian painter Vladimir Lyagachev.

5. Jews. PANORAMA (Polishchuk, W 4:30) reported on the sharp condemnation by a group of members of the US House of Representatives of the persecution of Jews in the USSR and the Soviet regime's obstruction of Jewish emigration. Statements by Congressmen Hoyer, Kobe, and Boxer were cited. The program also referred to the anti-Semitic Soviet TV film Conspiracy Against the Land of the Soviets.

6.. -Alliluyeva's Book. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30) featured further excerpts from Svetlana Alliluyeva's Only One Year. RERUN material from 2 and 4 December 1969 was included.

7. The Leadership. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Kushev, M 4), commenting on Chernenko's appearance on central Soviet television, said that it proved that Chernenko is alive, but also showed that his illness is rather serious, making it doubtful whether he will be able to fully resume his party and state duties. Regarding the question of Chernenko's succession, the program recalled Pravda chief editor Afanasev's, reference to Gorbachev as the "second General Secretary," but said that while he is only 54, is an articulate public speaker, possibly takes a direct part in compiling his speeches, and makes a favorable impression on those who have spoken with him, these generally.positive qualities are probably regarded as negative by the aged Soviet bureaucrats.

PRESS REVIEW (PANORAMA) (Predtechevsky, M 5:30) cited comments on Chernenko's appearance on Soviet TV and related developments in the Stuttgarter Zeitung, the Neue Zuercher Zeitung, Tribune de Lausanne le Matin, La Suisse, The South China Morning Post (Hong Kong), Die Presse and Le Figaro.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 4) cited comments on Chernenko's appearance on Soviet TV casting his vote in the Supreme Soviet elections in Le Quotidien de Paris, Liberation, Le Figaro, and Le Monde.

8. The Economy. PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 4) gave the gist of a CIA report on the state of the Soviet economy and the level of Soviet military expenditure. The report speaks of a temporary economic upswing, ( 3

lower increases of military expenditures since 1976, and a tendency for the USSR to try and relieve its own economic difficulties at the expense of the East European countries.

9.. Society. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Kaminskaya, W 6), commenting on. a recent interview given by USSR Procurator General Rekunkov on Moscow Radio deploring the widespread "parasitism" in the USSR, said.that while it is good that Rekunkov proposes educational measures, rather than tougher repressions', he cannot. seriously hope to. solve the problem, which can only be combatted by changing S the cOnditions of life and the moral climate in the country. WORKERSIMOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky,.M.12) gave 'the samiZdat text, Published in Russkaya Mys1 of February 7, of a confidential study conducted by the Siberian Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences pointing to the serioua ravages of alcohOlism in the USSR.

10. Literature. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1 and Panich, M 19) continued to review and excerpt the samizdat article "Katayev and the Revolution" (AS -4412) by M. Bolkhovskoy, who criticizes Katayev's conformism and his distorted view of the Revolution.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. WORKERS MOVEMENT (Deya, M 10) gave the texts (published in Solidarity's underground journal Tygodnik Mazowsze) of a protest by Solidarity's Mazowsze committee against the government's plan to extend the workweek and of a communique, adopted by a meeting of the "Network of Leading Enterprises," a Solidarity advisory body, calling for support for workers self -management organs and opposition' to the planned price increases.

WORKERS MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 2) reported briefly on Wales!a's thanks to the Greek opposition party "New Democracy" for its support and on Papandreou's reference to Solidarity as a "negative and dangerous movement" during his visit to Poland. In connection with present strikes , in Greece, the program author said one ,should ask Papandreou why Polish workers should not enjoy the same rights as their Greek colleagues. 4

WORKERS MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 0:30) briefly referred to an appeal to the Polish authorities by the French Socialist Party to release arrested Solidarity activists Bogdan Lis, Adam Michnik, and Wladyslaw Frasyniuk and renew the dialogue with the people.

2. Yugoslavia. WORKERS MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 0:30) referred briefly to a Tanjug report on increasing strike activity in Croatia.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US -Nicaragua. PANORAMA (Tarasenkov, W 4) cited President Reagan's press conference statements on the need to support the anti-Sandinist partisans in Nicaragua. 2. The Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 5:30) noted mixed US official reactions to the Arafat - Hussein agreement, citing Shultz that the time is not yet ripe for a new US diplomatic initiative in the Middle East. Reference was also made to Mubarak's proposal for talks in Washington.

3. South Korea. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Shilaeff, NY 6:30) reported on the attempt by the opposition parties in South Korea to form a united front.

4. Britain. WORKERS MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 1) iieported briefly on the apparently inconclusive meeting between British trade union leaders and Margaret Thatcher aimed at ending the miners' strike.

4. The Philippines. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weinstein, W.4) backgrounded the trial, which has just begun in Manila, of those suspected of the murder of opposition leader Aquino in 1983'. US interest in democratization in the. Philippines was noted. 5

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 3 April 1984, cited from the Great Canon of St. Andrew of Crete, which is read out in church during the fifth week Of Lent.

An item in RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Lvov, NY 8:30), a RERUN from February 11, was about life and death as portrayed in the Pentateuch and in modern science.

RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Paramonov, NY 6:30), a RERUN from February 11, reviewed a book by American sociologist Erich Hoffer analyzing religious phenomena.

A talk for parents in RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Kulomzina, NY 11), a RERUN from February 11, was about faith and superstition.

lv/jcw/SL

NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 25 FEBRUARY 1985:

POLAND'S GOVERNMENT HAS CHANGED ITS PLANS FOR RAISING PRICES. IT NOW SAYS-IT wiLLINTRODUCE THE INCREASES GRADUALLY. WASHINGTON HAS PROTESTED THE TREATMENT OF A US MILITARY ATTACHE AND HIS WIFE IN POLAND.

VATICAN RADIO SAYS POPE PAUL WILL RAISE CHURCH AFFAIRS IN THE USSR AT HIS MEETING WITH SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREY GROMYKO WEDNESDAY. US ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE RICHARD BURT SAYS THE SOVIET UNION IS UNDERGOING A NEW PERIOD OF "NEO-STALINISM." US SENATOR GORDON HUMPHREY SAYS SOVIET TERROR TACTICS AGAINST AFGHAN CIVILIANS PARALLEL THE WORST ATROCITIES OF NAZI GERMANY. THE US HAS CALLED ON THE SOVIETS AT THE STOCKHOLM CONFERENCE TO AGREE TO ON-SITE INSPECTION OF SOME MILITARY ACTIVITIES. US VICE PRESIDENT BUSH SAYS ETHIOPIA'S FAMINE HAS BEEN DEVASTATING BECAUSE THE GOVERNMENT HAS USED HUNGER AS A WEAPON AGAINST WE noms IN PAKISTAN SIX PEOPLE HAVE 'BEEN KILLED IN CLASHES DURING GENERAL ELECTIONS THAT THE OPPOSITION SAYS ARE FAKE. ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER PERES SAYS HE IS 'INTERESTED IN EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT MUBARAK'S LATEST PROPOSALS ON MIDEAST PEACE. RIVAL SHIITE MOSLEM FACTIONS HAVE FOUGHT EACH OTHER IN BEIRUT. A CZECHOSLOVAK BORDER GUARD FLED TO AUSTRIA UNDER SUBMACHINEGUN FIRE FROM OTHER GUARDS

THE US HAS EXPRESSED CONCERN OVER PAKISTAN'S NUCLEAR PROGRAM VIETNAM HAS AGAIN ACCUSED CHINESE FORCES OF SHELLING VIETNAMESE TERRITORY ACROSS THEIR BORDER A NORWEGIAN DIPLOMAT ON TRIAL ON SPYING CHARGES CLAIMS HE WAS BLACKMAILED BY THE KGB

* * THE TYUMEN OILFIELDS FAILED TO MEET PRODUCTION TARGETS FOR THE PAST THREE YEARS.

*) RL NEWS SERVICE DID NOT USE THIS ITEM **) THE CS AND ROMANIAN BD DID NOT USE THIS ITEM .,,..4131-.541,Fars MI ran .istKR4 S. 0.ilk illS. NUS. S.lit. EU

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS,

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Tuesday, 26 February 1985 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS 4-- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Tarasenkov, W 5) cited testimonies before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee by senior. Pentagon and State Department officials Richard Perle and Richard Burt. Perle was quoted to the effeet that the USSR views arms negotiations not as a means to reach a mutually-beneficial agreement but as an opportunity to divide the Western alliance and to prevent the implementation of US SDI plans aimed to offset the USSR's lead in ABM development. Burt warned against succurbio4 to euphoria about the Geneva talks, stressing that the USSR decided to resume the talks because of the resolute stand taken by the US and its allies. Two CND reports from Washington of February 26 were used.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Salkazanova, P 5:30) cited an interview in Le Monde with prominent Afghan resistance leader Abdul Hag, commander of partisan units in Kabul and its surroundings, who was received by the French Foreign ministry and gave a press conference at the French Senate. In the interview Haq listed a number of reasons why partisan operations in Kabul are now more effective militarily and psychologically than they were three years ago. 2

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4:30) reported on testimony given before a special US Congressial commission in Afghanistan concerning the USSR's scorched-earth policy in Afghanistan which is threatening to produce an Ethiopian- type famine. A Washington CND report of February 26 was used.

3. USSR-Norway. IN EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, Oslo, 5) RL's special correspondent in Oslo reported on the trial of former high-level Norwegian diplomat Arno Treholt, who is charged with spying for the USSR and Iraq. The program backgrounded Treholt's ulta-leftist and pro-communist views and activities, including his attempts to influence Norwegian party and public debates on sensitive political and security issues in the USSR's favor and his handing over to the Soviets of top secret NATO documents and details of private talks between top Norwegian government officials and Western leaders and stressed that the affair has all of the ingredients of classic spy cases; i. e., political convictions, KGB-orchestrated sexual blackmail, and money.

4. Dissidents and Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyeva, M 20) presented the first part of an interview with Mark Reitman, a member of the Group for the Establishment of Trust between the USSR and the US, who emigrated to the West with his family at the beginning of February. Reitman described the activities of his group and gave his views on the official Soviet peace movement and its relations with unofficial peace groups in the USSR.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 6; Alexeyeva, NY 9:30; and Tarasenkov, W 4:30) gave case histories of human rights activist Nyacheslav Bakhmin, on the occasion of his rearrest, and Viktor Rafalsky, an inmate of a special psychiatric hospital, on the occasion of the anniversary of his trial. The program concluded by citing The Chicago Tribune on a letter'from imprisoned Soviet Jewish emigration activist Zakhar Zunshein in which he describes how he is being maltreated and humiliated.

5. The Emigration. CULTUPE, FATES, TIME (Mirsky, P 17:30) featured the second part of an interview with emigre Russian theater director Yury Lyubimov who talked about his work at the Taganka Theater in Moscow, his relationship with the regime at the time, and his staging of Dostoevsky's The Possessed in Paris. 3

6. Defectors. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gendler, NY 4:30) cited an interview in The Chicago Tribune with Soviet violinist Viktoria Mullova, who decided to remain in the West during a concert tour in Finland a year-and-a-half ago. Munova explained that artistic restrictions and her fear of suffering the fate of .a refusenik led her to take the decision in favor of defection. She then discussed the rapid development of her musical career in the West saying that this would be unthinkable in the USSR in such a short span of time.

7. Fedor Stepun. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30) featured the sixth installment of the memoirs of Russian writer, philosopher, and sociologist Fedor Stepun, expelled from the USSR in 1922, which were published in New York in 1956 under the title What Was and What Was Not to Be. The present installment was from the section "Octorber." The program was pegged to the 20th anniversary' of Stepun's death in Munich.

8. The Leadership. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Klovskaya, M 5:30) gave the gist of an interview given to Die Welt by West German SovietologistVitalgang Leonhard, who examined the chances of the two main contenders for Chernenko's position: Romanov and Gorbachev. Leonard also touched on East-West relations and the US -Soviet arms talks.

9. The Economy. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Shapiro, M 9:30), citing from the Soviet press, pointed to the massive scale of theft of "socialist property," a result of low wages and a shortage of goods1which the program said must be having a serious effect on the Soviet economy.

10. The Military. An item in RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Lvov, NY 6) on Soviet Army Day was a RERUN from February 23.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Chianurov, M 4) gave the substance of a study made by the US Army's Foreign Science and Technology Center which speaks of the widespread alcoholism in the Soviet armed forces and the negative effect it must have on their fighting efficiency. 4

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Bensi, W 4:30) featured a report by RL's special correspondent on a press conference in Washington at which differences in CIA and DIA estimates of Soviet military spending proved to be of not a substantial nature concerning the scale of growth rate of this expenditure. Officials of both agencies agreed that Moscow is spending considerably more on arms than. Washington, and that this trend is increasing. The program noted the press conference contradicted Soviet , press claims that the Pentagon is irresponsibly striving to increase military spending, and said that such a public discussion would be inconceivable in the USSR.

11. Moldavia. In a humorous piece RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Krimerman, M.5) noted the presence of white swans wintering in Manta, a village of southern Moldavia which has the largest House of Culture in the region. The story served as a peg to talk about the Houses of Culture in Moldavia and the USSR as a whole which are well-known for their poor heating systems and their toal lack of comfort.

12. Religion. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr and Miloslavsky, M and Isr. 29) was devoted to Russian Orthodox monasteries in the Soviet Union and in the Holy Land. The program was pegged to an unusual article published in Moscow News recently which gave an idyllic description of life in Russian monasteries today. After talking about the Russian monasteries in the Holy Land mentioned in the article, which are now -difficult to visit for believers living in the USSR, the program talked about the real conditions now prevailing in monasteries in the USSR and listed . samizdat documents giving evidence of the authorities' repressive policy vis-a-vis these monasteries.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Peterson, M 5) pointed out that while the official trade unions protest against the planned price increases followed those of Solidarity, the latter's proposals are much more far-reaching calling, among other things, for the country's economic problems to be placed in the hands of specialists, as opposed to party functionaries. Walesa was quoted that the official trade unions were compelled to oppose the price increases otherwise they would have driven the last nail in their own coffin. The program reported on the Solidarity statement signed by WalesaandBujak calling off the planned 15 -minute general strike following the government's announcement revoking the decision to carry out the price increases in one jump. 0

5

PANORAMA (Silnitskaya, NY 4) cited statements by State Department spokesman Bernard Kalb and US Embassy 'representative in Warsaw Jack Harrod sharply protesting against the Polish government's expulsion of US military attache Col. Myer and the outrageous and humiliating treatment of his wife. The program noted that this incident is a fresh setback in the slightly improved US -Polish relations and that it caused the US to retaliate by expelling Poland's military attache, postponing talks on a scheduled science and technology agreement, and delaying the return to Warsaw of Charge d'Affaires John Davis.

2. Bulgaria. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 3:30) gave the substance of Paul Henze's article in The Christian Science Monitor, analyzing the political, religious, and demographic reasons behind the Bulgarian government's drive to classify its growing Muslim , Turkish minority as Bulgarians. The strains in Bulgarian -Turkish relations were discussed, mentioning Turkish official and public charges about oppression and maltreatment of the Turkish minority in Romania and Zhivkov’s denial of these charges.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The US. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Dreyer, NY 10) outlined President Reagan's economic policies.

2. The Socialist Countries and the Third World. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Kroncher,'M 7) cited an article in the Yugoslav journal International Politics (also published in Russian) showing how the socialist countries are trying to solve their trading and financial problems with the capitalist countries at the expense of their alleged "natural allies" in the Third World.

3. FRG-West Berlin. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gordin, M 4:30) reported on the heated debate in the FRG over West Berlin's exclusion from holding the 1988 European soccer championship to take place in the FRG. The program noted the unanimous criticism of FRG soccer association president Neuberger and the general conviction that the USSR is behind West Berlin's exclusion. Statements by Lower Saxony Minister -President Albrecht and CSU parliamentary group chairman Waigl were quoted.

6

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON- COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 6 March 1984, continued to discuss the meaning of Lent.

WORLD TODAY (Kushev, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the Treholt trial in Oslo (Matusevich, Oslo 5); alcoholism in the Soviet armed forces (Chianurov, M 5); Soviet Army Day (Lvov, NY 6); an interview in Le Monde with Afghan resistance leader Abdul Hag (Salkazanova, P 5:30); the controversy in the FRG over the exclusion of West Berlin from the 1988 European soccer championship (Gordin, M 4:30); Die Welt on the prospects of Gorbachev and Romanov to succeed Chernenko (Klovskaya, M 5); Perle and Burt on arms control (Tarasenkov, W 5); the Polish government's expulsion of US military attache Myer (Silnitskaya, NY 4); the Turkish minority in Bulgaria (Muslin, NY 4:30); and an interview in The Chicago Tribune with emigre Soviet violinist Viktoria Mullova (Gendler, NY 5).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the fol1owin4 topics: the latest developments in Poland (Peterson, M 5); US Congressional hearings.on the USSR's scorched- earth tactics in Afghanistan(Muslin, NY 4:30); the CIA and the DIA on Soviet military spending (Bensi, W 4:30); alcoholism in the Soviet Army (Chianurov, M 4); the Treholt trial in Oslo (Matusevich, Oslo 5); and the controversy in the FRG over the exclusion of West Berlin from the 1988 European soccer championship (Gordin, M 4:30). NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 26 FEBRUARY 1984: .

TOP US OFFICIALS SAY THE US MUST CONTINUE ITS PROGRAM OF PRODUCING AND DEPLOYING ITS NEW MX MISSILE. SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER GROMYKO SAYS NEXT MONTH'S US -SOVIET ARMS TALKS WILL BE DIFFICULT BUT NOT HOPELESS. THE US HAS CALLEDON MOSCOW TO LIFT THE SECRECY SURROUNDING THE ACTIVITIES OF THE SOVIET UNION'S NORTHERN FLEET. SOLIDARITY HAS CANCELLED ITS 15-MINUTE GENERAL STRIKE PLANNED FOR NOON THURSDAY. THE Us HAS WARNED POLAND IT WILL FACE REPRISALS IF IT REPEATS ITS UNWARRANTED ACTIONS AGAINST US DIPLOMATS. ISRAELI FOREIGN MINISTER SHAMIR SAYS ISRAEL IS READY TO CONSIDER AN EUYPTIAN PROPOSAL FOR MIDEAST PEACE TALKS. ISRAELI DEFENSE MINISTER RABIN SAYS ISRAEL'S FORCES HAVE TAKEN THE INITIATIVE AGAINST GUERRILLAS IN SOUTHERN LEBANON..

THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION HAS CALLED AGAIN FOR THE IMMEDIATE WITHDRAWAL OF SOVIET TROOPS FROM AFGHANISTAN. IN PAKISTAN'S PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS, FIVE FULL CABINET MINISTERS HAVE BEEN DEFEATED. ri/e-c

PS ER c- c rag ri.. iirainegarssit

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Wednesday, 27 February 1985 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Vainshtein,.W 1) highlighted the testimony given by Paul Nitze at the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings on the upcoming arms talks with the USSR in Geneva.

2. Soviet-US Relations and the Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Vainshtein, W 1) noted briefly the heated discussion between Shultz and Senator Humphry during a Senate Armed Service Committee hearing on the question of linking arms control talks with the USSR's aations in Afghanistan.

3. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 8) commented on the Soviet media campaign during this year's 40th anniversary of the destruction of Hitler Germany to draw a parallel between the "great patriotic war" and Soviet actions in Afghanistan. The, program mentioned in this connection an article in Literaturnaya Gazeta of February 13 and commented on the Kremlin leadership's desperate attempt to gain public support for the Afghan war by shamefully appealing to the patriotic sentiments and national pride which inspired Russian people when they were fighting Hitler's invasion.

2

4. Soviet Espionage in Norway. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, Oslo 4:30), in a further report on the trial in Oslo of Soviet agent Arne Treholt, noted his attempt to explain away his activities as unotthodox diplomacy, and suggested that the espionage affair will damage the Norwegian Labor Party, of which he was an active member for many years.

5. USSR-Sao Tome and Principe. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Mirsky, P 4:30) cited an article in Le Point reporting that the islands are being turned into a major Soviet military base. 6. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1:30 and Malinkovich, M 19), pegged to the fifth anniversary of the arrest of Kiev human rights activist Olga Matusevich, cited and commented on open letters by her and fellow-prisoner Lidia Doronina AS -5364) to Lithuanian poet Eduardas Mezelaitis taking issue with his defense of hunger-striking American Indian Leonard Peltier. The letters note the harsh treatment of Soviet prisoners on hunger strikes in defense of their rights. The program reviewed a list of hunger strikes in the camp for women political prisoners at Barashevo (Motdvinia) where Matusevich is being confiered (AS-5365).

7. Jews. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4:30) quoted statements by Senators Paul Hawkins and Howard Metzenbaum about their meeting with Soviet Embassy officials in Washington on the case of Jewish refusenik from Yakov Mesh, who has been trying to emigrate to the West since 1978 to rejoin his parents who left the USSR in 1977. The program featured voice cuts of a statement in Washington by Mesh's mother about her son's emigration struggle. In a related development the program commented briefly on the absurdity of a telegram, publiczed by APN, calling on the US Congress to put a stop to growing anti-Semitism in the US.

8. Soviets. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Dovlatov, NY 8) commented on a reader's letter to Izvestia complaining of a "peoples vigilante" (druzhinnik) working for the highway inspectorate, who was bad mannered and attempted to exceed his authority. The program recalled the establishment of the druzhinniki in the late 1950s to deal with dandies,speculators, etc., and described them as a cunning instrument with which the regime sets the people against itself. 3

9. The Food Industry. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Dreyer, NY 5) commented on a recent Pravda article on the inefficiency of the Soviet food industry, which is characterized by primitive and wasteful technology and serious losses of raw materials during the transport, storage, and processing stages. The program observed that Pravda proposes such remedies as more socialist competitions and tougher discipline and said that if this is all tha* is going to be done, it is doubtful that Soviet consumers will ever be able to get better quality food in the state stores. 10. Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Lvov, M 9) took a critical look at the life and works of the "Red count" and Stalin literature prize winner, ,Alexey Tolstoy, who returned to Bolshevik Russia from his emigration abroad in the spring of 1923 and eventually wrote the Stalin-commissioned novels Bread and Peter I. The program was -pegged to the 40th anniversary of Count Alexey Tolstoy's death.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29), a RERUN from 7 November 1983, featured excerpts from Russian writer, philosopher, and sociologist Fedor Stepun's essay on writer contained in the anthology Encounters published in Munich in 1962. The program was pegged to the 20th anniversary of Stepun's death in Munich. 11. History. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Churakov, NY 8) recalled the negotiations between Stalin and the US concerning to the entry of the USSR into the war against Japan. The program quoted from Charles Bohlen's Witness to History.

RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Churakov, NY 5) recalled the circumstances leading to the forced repatriation of Soviet war prisoners and refugees in 1945. The program used Charles Bohlen's Witness of History; in particular noting one passage saying that the agreement on the question reached in Yalta contained no obligation for the Allies to return Soviet citizens forcibly. The program also cited a story from Nicholas Tolstoy's Victims of .Yalta about 500 Soviet refugees who were granted asylum in the principality of Liechtenstein to avoid forced repatriation. 4

RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Shapiro, M 12) told the story of the three Trans-Siberian railroad lines constructed successively in the late 1890s, the 1930s, and in the last decade. The first line was constructed efficiently, the second with forced labor, and the last one still has enormous problems.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Belotserkovsky, M 7) traced the developments leading up to the Polish government's withdrawal of its plan to carry out price increases in a single step following Solidarity's call for a 15-minute general strike. The program said the regime was in an even more difficult situation as a result of the church's vigorous protest against the anti-church campaign. The program described as farcical the authorities' attempt to give the impression that they were reacting to the official trade unions' opposition to sudden price increases, and concluded that events disproved Jaruzelski's claim in India that Solidarity is no longer a factor.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The US. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Vainshtein, W 2) cited testimonies by Shultz and Weinberger before the Senate Armed Services Committee arguing the case for the production and deployment of the MX mi§sile program and stressing that the MX and SDI play a vital role in advancing US arms control objectives.

2. France and the SDI. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 4) pointed to French Foreign Minister Dumas' reference to SDI as an attractive idea as evidence of recent change in the official French position on the issue. The program suggested that the main reason the Soviet leadership opposes the SDI is its reluctance to surrender, strategic superiority.

3. Central America. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 3:30) quoted statements by White House spokesman Speakes on the Administration's drive to inform the American public and Congress about the perilous political situation in Central America and the need to approve -the Administration's aid request for the anti-Sandinist 5

guerrillas in Nicaragua. In this connection the program cited President Reagan's radio address and subsequent press conference statements calling the Contras "freedom fighters" and .stressing that help for them is in accordance with the UN. and CAS charters. Shult2's speech asserting that the USSR and Cuba are behind the Sandinistas and that the people Of Nicaragua are .now behind the iron. curtain was noted. A CND report from Washington of February 27 was used. 4. The Middle East. PANORAMA (Polishchuk, W 4) discussed the US and Israeli reactions to Egyptian President Mubarak's proposals to hold preliminary Israeli -Jordanian -Palestinian peace talks with US participation. Also noted were Egyptian -Israeli diplomatic contacts in Romania and Cairo on this issue.

5. The CDE Conference in Stockholm. PANORAMA (Predtechevsky, M 4) noted that in view of past experience/ such as the 1981 Warsaw Pact maneuvers aimed at intimidating the Poles, the NATO countries are insisting at the CDE conference on obligatory advance notification furnishing details of maneuvers. The program referred to US delegate Goodby's call on the USSR to allow observers to attend maneuvers, and to Soviet delegate Tatarnikov's demand that the Atlantic Ocean be included in the area affected by any agreements. A CND special report from Stockholm of February 26 was used.

6. Nuclear Warfare. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 20) presented an RL interview with Mark Reytman, a member of the Moscow unofficial peace group, who recently left the USSR, in which he spoke, in particular, about the so-called "nuclear winter," which scientists in both East and West say would be created by a major nuclear conflict; the reluctance of the Soviet media to broach the subject; and the possibility of converting the military machines in East and West to peaceful activities, as demonstrated by the 1975 "Soyuz-Apollo" flight.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. US Films. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Gabai, NY 8:30) reviewed a number of American films which could be nominated for this year's Oscar Award, including "Country," "Places in the Heart," "Stranger than Paradise," etc., which were seen as reflecting a new trend in US filmmaking: realism and a return to basic moral values.

2. Religion. THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Benigsen, NY 4:30) gave the first in a series of talks explaining regularly occurring words and phrases in Orthodox Church liturgy, such as Allelujah and "Lord have mercy." etc. 6

A talk for parents in THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Kolomzina, NY 12) was on the meaning of Lent in the life of children.

THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 10) continued an introduction to the Christian faith,with a program on the beginning of Christ's public life.

SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M5), a RERUN from 3 April 1984, cited from the Great Canon of St. Alidrewof Crete, which is read in church during the fifth week of Lent.

WORLD TODAY (Chianurov, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the Soviet "Great Patriotic War" and the war in Afghanistan (Nadirashvili, M 8); the Polish regime's retreat on the price increase issue (Nadirashvili, M 8); the CDE conference in Stockholm (Predtechevsky, M 4:30); Paul Nitze's testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on the upcoming arms control talks with the USSR (Weinstein, W 6:30); the Soviet military presence on Sao Tome and Principe (Mirsky, P 4:30); the evolution of the French position on SDI (Predtechevsky, M 4); the debate in the US on Nicaragua (Tarasenkov, W 4); King Hussein's Middle East initiative (Polishchuk, W 4); action by US Senators in defense of Soviet Jews (Polishchuk, W 4); and the Treholt trial on Islo (Matusevich, Oslo 4:30)..

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the Polish government's retreat on the price increase issue (Belotserkovsky, M 7); Shultz and Weinberger On arms control prospects (Weinstein, W 3:30); the debate in the US on Nicaragua (Tarasenkov, W 3:30); the evolution of the French position on SDI (Predtechevsky, M 4); action by US Senators in defense of Soviet Jews (Polishchuk, W 4:30); and. the Treholt trial in Oslo (Matusevich, Oslo 4:30).

scn/lv/jcw/SL NEWS COVERAGE.

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 27 FEBRUARY 1985:

SOLIDARITY LEADERS HAVE URGED POLES TO PROTEST THURSDAY AGAINST THE ARREST OF THEIR UNION COLLEAGUES.

NATO SECRETARY GENERAL CARRINGTON HAS URGED THE US TO CONTINUE RESEARCH ON ITS STRATEGIC DEFENSE INITIATIVE. POPE JOHN PAUL AND SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER GROMYKO HAVE EXCHANGED VIEWS ON PEACE AND CATHOLICS IN THE SOVIET UNION. POLISH PRIMATE CARDINAL KEMP HAS APPEALED FOR CHRISTIAN UNITY IN EUROPE.

THE UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION HAS AGAIN URGED IMMEDIATE WITHDRAWAL OF VIETNAMESE FORCES FROM CAMBODIA. NATO NATIONS PROPOSE THE 35 STATES WHO SIGNED THE HELSINKI ACCORD SET UP A "HOT LINE" COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM LINKING THEIR CAPITALS. TWO SYRIANS WHO HIJACKED A LUFTHANSA AIRLINER HAVE SURRENDERED IN VIENNA. ISRAEL'S AMBASSADOR TO FRANCE SAYS THE ISRAELI ARMY HAS NO QUARREL WITH FRENCH PEACEKEEPING TROOPS IN LEBANON. ISRAELI PRIME MINISTER PERES HAS HAD ANOTHER MEETING WITH A SPECIAL ENVOY FROM EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT HOSNI MUBARAK. WEST GERMAN CHANCELLOR KOHL SAYS HE IS CONFIDENT NEXT MONTH'S ARMS TALKS WILL LEAD TO AN IMPROVEMENT IN WORLD SECURITY. A NORWEGIAN DIPLOMAT ON TRIAL ON SPY CHARGES SAYS HE MADE A MISTAKE IN NOT REPORTING HIS MEETINGS WITH SOVIET REPRESENTATIVES EVIStm, Fairiaireariffil en co am es fie Effil 116112

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Thursday, 28 February 1985 D. Felton and E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL;

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 3:30) highlighted Max Kampelman's speech before the House Foreign Affairs Committee on the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks in Geneva.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 6) reported on the allegedly successful Afghan partisan operations in Kandahar, Gazni, Western areas of Kabul, and the Panjshir Valley, noting statements to Western correspondents by the Panjshir's legendary partisan commander Massoud appealing for Western arms aid and strongly denying Soviet claims about the flow of US arms to the Mujahidin. The Afghan population's need for food, medical care, and clothing was also noted.

3. USSR-Vatican. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Bensi, W 6) commented on Gromyko's visit to Italy and the Vatican, focusing on his two-hour meeting with the pope. The program cited the Opinionof US observers that Gromyko failed to mobilize Italian opinion against the SDI project, and noted the Soviet media's failure to mention that during his two-hour meeting with Gromyko, the pope discussed, besides the question of world peace, the situation of the Catholic Church in the USSR. The program gave ,examples of repression against Catholics in the USSR and said that Gromyko's visit to the Vatican Shows that the Soviet leadership acknowledges its moral authority and its role in the preservation of peace.

4. USSR-Finland. PANORAMA (Kushev, M 7) drew attention to the publication in Finalnd of a book by Prof. Osmo Yussila of Helsinki University entitled The Terioki Government, about the Soviet attempt to turn Finland into a communist puppet state. The program gave background on the USSR's policy towards Finland, particularly during World War II. The significance of the publication of such a book in Finalnd was noted.

5. USSR-Norway. WORLD TODAY (Matusevich, L 5:30) said the Treholt trial, a book about Soviet espionage in Norway now in Oslo bookstores, and an adventure film now showing in the Norwegian capital on Soviet military activities on neutral Spitzbergen are symptomatic of the state of Norway's relations with the USSR.

6. The USSR and the ILO. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 4) backgrounded the USSR's threat to leave the ILO if its demands, such as to be represented in the entrepreneurs' group in the ILO, are not met. The program noted claims by the USSR and other socialist countries that the ILO is interfering in their affairs and pointed to violations of workers rights.

7. The Cost of the Soviet Empire. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Krasin, NY 11) highlighted the conclusions of a Rand Corporation study on the cost of the Soviet empire_as compared with the cost of empires in the past.

8. Dissidents and Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 20) feature the third part of an interview with Mark Reytman, an activist of the unofficial Moscow peace group who recently left the USSR, in which he spoke about the group's proposals, in particular exchanges of schoolchildren between the US and the USSR, marriage bureaus for mixed US -Soviet marriages, and the work of the group, as well as a "free initiative" peace group in the USSR. In a message to Soviet listeners, Reytman said he hoped they would all "declare peace on each other." 3

In DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 4; Kaminskaya, W 5:30; and Seytmuratova, NY 10) former Soviet defense lawyer Dina Kaminskaya recalled the developments leading up to the forced confinement of General Petr Grigorenko in a psychiatric hospital in connection with his attempt to testify in defense of a group of Crimean Tatars in a court case in Tashkent. After this, Ayshe Seytmuratova, a representative of the Crimean Tatars abroad, cited from testimony on behalf of the Crimean Tatars presented at various Sakharov Hearings, including that of Sakharov himself.

9. The System. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Weil and Genis, NY 5) noted the, difficulty for Soviet white-collar workers of . making both ends meet without having to earn extra money by manual work. The program explained that the consumer mentality has now replaced the romantic disdain of material wellbeing, once characteristic of this category of wage earners.

10. Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Yurenen, M 18:30) was devoted to Soviet writer Fedor Abramov, one of the founders and leaders of the "country achool" in Soviet literature, on the occasion of the 65th anniversary of his birth. Abramov died in 1983. The program was based on an RLR Research paper.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29), a RERUN from 9 November 1983, presented an excerpt from an article by the late Russian philosopher and writer Fedor Stepun, published in Munich in 1982 in the anthology Encounters, on the subject of Ivan Bunin's novel Mitya's Love. The program was pegged to the 20th anniversary of Stepun's death in 1965. 4

11. Religion. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD , (Rahr and Milowslavsky, M 29), a RERUN from February 26, was devoted to: Russian Orthodox monasteries in the USSR and the Holy Land.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Peterson, M 5:30), citing Western press comment, said the Polish government's retreat over the price increase issue in the triumph for solidarity. Realizing the threat by Solidarity's call for a 15-minute general strike, the regime resorts .to the tactical maneuver of pretending to bow to the demands of the official trade unions, which took over Solidarity's main demands in an effort to preserve their own authority. The program also cited Cardinal Glemp's statements . during his visit to Britain in which he underscored the unity of European Christians, and said that the church has had to fight tyranny wherever it established itself.

2. Yugoslavia. PANORAMA (Peterson, M 4:30) drew attention to a two-day conference of the Serbian Academy of Sciences at which open reference was made to the crisis of the Yugoslav economy, and the demand was raised for a liberalization of the economy and its removal from party control.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US Nicaragua. PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 4) noted the reserved White House reaction to Nicaraguan President Ortega's offer to declare an indefinite moratorium on imports and to send home one-hundred Cuban military advisers. Also mentioned was the possiblity of a Shultz-Ortega meeting in Montevideo where both are attending the inauguration ceremony of Uruguay's President Sanguinetti. 5

2. US-Cuba. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 3:30) mentioned briefly Ambassador Kirkpatrick's meeting with Argentinian human rights activist Adolfo Esquivel and their discussion on human rights violations in Chile, focusing on Kirkpatrick's press conference on the plight of political prisoners in Cuba timed to the publication of a USIA booklet on the maltreatment of Cuban political prisoners.

3. The Middle East. PANORAMA (Silnitskaya, NY 4) discussed the intensification of high-level Israeli- Egyptian contacts and the favorable Israeli government reaction to Egyptian President Mubarak's proposals supporting direct talks between Israel and Jordanian- Palestinian delegations represented by moderate Palestinians. A commentary in was citedand the program noted that the US position will become clearer after Mubarak's official visit in Washington.

4. Democracy. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Shragin, NY 8) continued its discussion on the organizational structure and functions of political parties in democratic societies, analyzing in this program the differences between totalitarian Soviet-style one-party systemsof government and the multiparty systems in democracies. The book Theory of Democracy by Italian political scientist Giovanni Sartori was cited.

DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Serebrennikova, NY 8) described the format and treatment of controversial political issues in Ted Koppel's ABC-TV "Nightline" show, commenting that its great, popularity with viewers lies in the fact that the 'show provides the entire spectrum of opinion on a given sensitive political or social issue thus helping the viewer to form his own judgement and eventually influence government decisions. The frequent appearances in the show of Soviet journalists Pozner and Gerasimov and officials like Georgi Arbatov, et al, were noted.

5. The CIA and US Democracy. DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Krasin, NY 14) discussed the formation, functions, and limited powers of the Congressionally-controlled CIA. The program noted the decentralized structure of US intelligence organizations designed to curb their influence in the political decision-making process and to prevent the possible abuse of freedom of American citizens. The program discussed the public controversies that led Congress in the mid-1970s to ban CIA covert operations, except in those cases essential for national security, and to estalish two special House and Senate watchdog commissions overseeing CIA activities and the agency's budget. The program observed the sometimes tense relationship between the CIA and these 6

commissions, recalling Senator Moynihan's warnings to give up his leading post on the Senate intelligence commission because the CIA failed to provide the commission with information on its reported covert operation of mining Nicaraguan harbors. The program contrast the CIA's limited powers and its accountability to the public with the secrecy surrounding the KGB in Soviet society and the fear that Soviet citizens have for this all- powerful totalitarian police-intelligence apparatus operating at home and abroad.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 7 March 1984, continued to discuss the meaning of Lent.

WORLD TODAY (Nadirashvili, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the situation in Afghanistan (Nadirashvili, M 6); the cost of the Soviet empire (Krashin, NY 11); US-Nicaraguan relations (Muslin, NY 4); the latest diplomatic activity concerning the Middle East conflict (Silnitskaya, NY 3:30); Soviet- Finnish relations (Kushev, M 7); Soviet-Norwegian relations (Matusevich, L 5:30); the USSR's threat to leave the ILO (Salkazanova, P 4); and the latest developments in Poland (Peterson, M 5:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: Max Kampelman on the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks (Tarasenkov, W 3:30); the latest developments in Poland (Peterson, M 5:30); Gromyko's meeting with the pope (Bensi, W 6); US-Nicaraguan relations (Muslin, NY 4); the USSR's threat to leave the ILO (Salkazanova, P 4); and Jeane Kirkpatrick on political prisoners in Cuba (Silnitskaya, NY 3:30).

jcw/scn/SL NEWS COVERAGE ======

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 26 FEBRUARY 1985:

SOME FACTORY WORKERS IN THE WARSAW AREA HELD PROTEST STRIKES, DESPITE SOLIDARITY'S DECISION TO ABANDON THE PLANNED NATIONWIDE STRIKE POLISH PRIMATE JOZEF 6LEMP HAS SPOKEN AT A PRESS CONFERENCE IN LONDON ABOUT CHURCH-STATE RELATIONS SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREY GROMYKO HAS BEEN HOLDING TALKS IN MADRID AT HIS PREVIOUS STOP IN ROME BROMYKO WAS TOLD ABOUT ITALY'S ' OBJECTIONS TO SOVIET TROOPS I N AFGHANISTAN SECRETARY OF STATE GEORGE SHULTZ SAYS HE'D BE WILLING TO MEET O NICARAGUAN PRESIDENT DANIEL ORTEGA - SOVIET GENERAL SECRETARY KONSTANTIN CHERNENKO WAS SHOWN ON TELEVISION TONIGHT THE PLO HAS REJECTED AN EGYPTIAN PROPOSAL FOR DIRECT TALKS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND A JORDANIAN-PALESTINIAN DELEGATION THE US SAYS LEBANON'S DECISION TO TAKE ITS COMPLAINT AGAINST ISRAEL TO THE UN MAY WORSEN THE SITUATION IN SOUTH LEBANON TURKEY HAS BEGUN SEEKING SUPPORT FROM OTHER musLul COUNTRIES IN ITS DISPUTE WITH BULGARIA THERE'S BEEN MORE ELECTION VIOLENCE IN PAKISTAN NORWEGIAN DIPLOMAT ARNE TREHOLT HAS ADMITTED AT HIS TRIAL IN OSLO 0 THAT HE GAVE A SECRET DOCUMENT TO A SOVIET DIPLOMAT IMEN MEM Mk III a cm r.= mcw. tommuniorm ESE En ES&

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian -language programming appears at the end of' the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Friday, 1 March 1985 D. Felton, E. Romano, and L. Mardirossian

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet -US Relations. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 4:30), citing Dusko Doder of The Washington Post, spoke of indications that a top-level decision has been taken in the USSR to bypass the US as a competitor for long-term cooperation in major projects under the new 12th Five -Year Plan in view of the possibility of a sudden US embargo on trade and economic relations. T4e program asked why the USSR has decided to punish American firms at a time when President Reagan is trying to improve relations with the USSR, and suggested that the USSR could either be trying to drive a wedge between the US and its allies, or else is afraid of an embargo because it intends to continue its aggressive behavior in the international arena.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Nadirashvili, M 7) reported on the latest Soviet reprisals against the Afghan civilian population, and took issue with the argument, expressed in Sovetskaya Rossiya, that the Soviet military presence in Afghanistan was needed of order to protect Soviet frontiers against the approach of hostile imperialist and pro-imperialist forces and that Washington has not given up hope of becoming established in Afghanistan through a counterrevolution, 2

and the setting up of bases there, including electronic reconnaissanbe centers.

3. TASS and Kohl's State of the Nation Speech. PANORAMA (Gordin, M 4) gave excerpts from Kohl's speech in order to refute TASS's claims that he was questioning the final character of the post -World War II frontiers, exacerbating East-West relations, refusing to acknowledge the GDR's right of sovereignty, etc.

4. USSR-Norway. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, L 5:30), a RERUN from February 28, said the Treholt trial, a book about Soviet espionage in Norway now on sale in Oslo, and an adventure film now showing in Oslo on Soviet military activities on Spitzbergen are symptomatic of the state of Norway's relations with the USSR.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva and Kuznetsov, M 5:30 and 15), a RERUN from January 22, cited some of the many samizdat tributes to Sakharov following his exiling to Gorky and presented an account by former Soviet political prisoner of how Sakharov gave him moral support during his term of imprisonment.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Simis, W 6:30) commented on the anti-Semitic elements in the USSR's campaign of slander against the Sakharovs, mentioning in this connection articles in Komsomolskaya Pravda of 16 December 1984 and Literaturnaya Gazeta of January 16, as well as the program author's own recollections of a meeting in Moscow in which a party functionary shamefully claimed that Sakharov's real name was Zuckerman and Solzhenitsyn's was Solzhenitzer.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 2 and Potekhina, NY 6) discussed the fate of Nikolay Khramov, a persecuted member of the Moscow Group for the Establishment of Trust Between the US and the USSR, who was abducted by a policeman and a KGB official on October 24 and forcibly conscripted into the 'armed forces. Khramov is currently being charged with refusing to carry out a military order. He was confined in a psychiatric hospital in December. 3

6. Jews. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Simis, W 6) presented Part 11 of a reading of the special State Department report entitled "The Persecution of Activists of the Jewish Cultural Movement in the USSR," made public on January 30.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Roitman, M 4) read the text of a letter signed by sixty-four Jewish refuseniks, made public on February 19 by the British National Council of Soviet Jewry, calling on Jews in the West to protest against state -sanctioned anti-Semitism and the oppression of Jewish culture in the USSR. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 3:30) reported on the submission to the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa by a group of Canadian parliamentarians of a petition expressing concern over the fate of Soviet Jewish refuseniks. The program cited extensively from press conference statements by the leader of the group, David Kilgour. A CND report from Washington of February 27 was used.

7. The Emigration. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Alexeyeva, NY 20) consisted of a review of the ninth issue of the Russian-language Munich-based journal Forum, edited by Vladimir Malinkovich. The issue Included a samizdat study by "Mark Bolkhovskoy" on "Dialectics and Democracy," and material on Soviet political prisoners and, above all, on the nationality problem.

8. Fedor Stepun. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29) featured a RERUN from 23 February 1975 of an RL interview with the late Russian writer and philosopher Fedor Stepun held in 1960 and a RERUN from 12 February 1981 of an excerpt from Stepun's book Dostoevsky's Philosophy published in Munich in 1962. The program was pegged to the 20th anniversary of Stepun's death in Munich. 4

9. The Workers. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Voynovich, M 12), a RERUN from 22 June 1984, Soviet emigre writer Vladimir Voynovich disapproved of the Soviet practice of rewarding workers with medals and orders instead of with money as in the West.

10. Literature. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 6:30) emigre Soviet writer Sergey Dovlatov regretted the liquidation by the aut rities of an illegal book market in Leningrad, and noted that books on the supernatural are particularly in demand in the USSR, as fairly recent items in Literaturnaya Gazeta show. In this connection, Dovlatov referred to a book on supernatural phenomena by Prof. Sergey Myuge recently published in the US.

11. Music. WORLD TODAY (Berukshtis, M 7) doubted whether the Soviet "Rock Studio" group really has anything to do with protest music as claimed by its leader, Chris Kelmi, in an interview to Golw Rodin".

12. Religion. THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 8) featured the 16th installment of a series on Russian church music.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 9:30) featured the seventh installment of Prince Eugene Troubetskoy's Two World. in Old Russian Icon Painting, published in 1916. THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Shmeman, NY 9:30), a RERUN from 11 November 1978, included a further program in a series by the late Father Shmeman on Russian writers and religion, this time dealing with Tolstoy.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Peterson, M 4) said that although the Polish regime has retreated, at least temporarily on the price increase issue, there is still a pre-strike atmosphere, with growing anger over the militia terror and human rights violations. Many young priests are following Popieluszko's example and expressing those ideas for which he died. The program gave examples of Solidarity's latest protest actions and, in conclusion, referred to Cardinal Glemp's sermon in London's Westminster Cathedral and his press conference in which he called for the spiritual unification of European Christians. 5

EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, M 5) viewed the Polish government's decision to ease the consumer price increases as a victory for underground Solidarity, which, it was noted, also called off its plane to conduct a brief nation-wide strike to protest the planned price hikes. The program commented on the possible reasons behind the official trade unions' criticiem of the price increases and it was observed that in announcing the strike cancellation, Walesa urged Poles to sign petitions and letters to press for economic reforms and the release of imprisoned Solidarity members. Also mentioned was the publication of an underground Solidarity document which urged the government to conduct economic reforms based on free-market economic principles.

EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Sztein, NY 5:30) discussed an address before the Yale University staff and student bodyby visiting prominent Polish lawyer Wladyslaw Sila-Nowicki, Solidarity's -key legal consultant, who talked about Poland's society today and its possible poliical future. Sila-Nowicki stressed that the ideals of Solidarity are not dead, that they are in the hearts of millions of Poles, and that sooner or later the Polish people will win their struggle for freedom.

2. Eastern Europe. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, W 5), a RERUN from February 23, discussed the findings of a report released by the UN Commission for Social Development which concluded that present economic trends in Eastern Europe point in the direction of greater decentralization, flexibility, and efficiency. An overview of economic changes in individual East European countries was given.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Predtechevsky, M 5:30) discussed the situation of ethnic minorities in Bulgaria, the USSR, Romania, and Hungary, and the nationality policy of communist countries in general, and said that the ethnic minorities in these countries have their freedom of movement restricted. .The program gave figures on these ethnic minorities.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Middle East. PANORAMA ,(Tarasenkov, W 4:30) reported on the latest contacts between Egypt and Israel aimed at resolving the Middle East problem. 6

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Mirsky, P 5) backgrounded the friction between France and Israel over Israeli Defense Minister Rabin's charge that the French troop contingent in southern Lebanon was frustrating Israeli measures aimed at combatting terrorism in the area.

2. US -Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4) noted the deterioration of US -Polish relations following the expulsion from Poland of the US military attache and his wife. US State Department spokesman Speakes was quoted. A CND report from Washington of February 28 was used:

3. US Grain Exports to Eastern Europe. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (R. Dudin, NY 9) discussed a US Department of Agriculture report on the problems connected with the export of US agricultural products to Czechoslovakia, the GDR, Hungary, and Poland in 1982 and the prospects of such exports in the 1980s.

4. Gromyko's Meeting with Pope John Paul II. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, M 5) discussed the results of this meeting against the background of the intractable differences in Soviet-Vatican relations over issues ranging from the persecution of Catholics in the USSR and Lithuania to the Bulgarian and possible KGB connection in the shooting of the pope.

5. US -Chile. PANORAMA (Silnitskaya, NY 4) pointed to recent US diplomatic measures to promote democratization in Chile, referring, in particular, to the visits to Chile by Assistant Secretary of State Motley and the upcoming visit by Assistant Defense Secretary Sanchez.

6. Uruguay. WORLD TODAY (Predtechevsky, M 3) backgrounded the inauguration of Uruguay's first civilian president in almost 12 years, Julio Sanguinetti, placing it in the context of the movement towards democracy in Latin America, the US government's efforts in the human rights sphere, and the general increased .awareness of human rights throughout the world.

7. The Potsdam Conference. SPECIAL FEAT= (Levin, N. 20) discussed the Soviet Union's war reparations, as well as territorial claims to Koenigsberg, Memel (Klaipeda), East Prussia, and the ancient Armenian provinces in Turkey. The second part of the program noted President Roosevelt's disappointment over Stalin's 7

post-Yalta diplomatic actions, and observed that his successor, President Truman, nourished fewer illusions regarding the Soviet Union.

8. The Yalta Agreement and the Nuremberg Trial. HUMAN RIGHTS (Simis, W 3) commented on President Roosevelt's Yalta memorandum which resulted in the setting up of the Nuremberg International Military Tribunal. The program also discussed the Nuremberg trials and observed that the Soviet leaders have committed actions no less condemnable than those of the Nazi leaders. D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Culture. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Sirotin, NY 6:30) gave the substance of Nobel laureate Isaak Bashevis Singer's article in The New York Times entitled "The Jewish Theater Is Alive Despite Everything," with an introduction by the newspaper's literary critic Richard Shepard on the history and present state of the Yiddish language.

2. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 9 March 1984, continued to discuss Lent.

WORLD TODAY (Kushev, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: US efforts to promote democratization in Chile (Silnitskaya, NY 4); the return of Uruguay to democratic rule (Predtechevsky, M 3); TASS's misrepresentation of Kohl's "state of the nation" address (Gordin, M 4); Canadian parliamentary support for Soviet Jewish refuseniks (Weinstein, W 3:30); Franco-Israeli friction over the activities of French troops in southern Lebanon (Mirsky, P 5); increased Egyptian- Israeli diplomatic activity over the Middle East conflict (Tarasenkov, W 4:30); the USSR's attempts to justify its occupation of Afghanistan (Nadirashvili, M 7); the latest developments in Poland (Peterson, M 4); the deterioration of US -Polish relations (Muslin, NY 4); and rock music in the USSR (Berukhtis, M 7). EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the USSR's attempts to justify its occupation of Afghanistan (Nadirashvili, M 7); the latest developments in Poland (Peterson, M 4); the deterioration of US -Polish relations (Muslin, NY 4); friction between France and Israel over the activities of French troops in southern Lebanon (Mirsky, P 5); and Soviet-Norwegian relations (Matusevich, L 5:30).

jcw/cn/Sm/SL

NEWS COVERAGE ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 1 MARCH 1985: THE PHASED-IN PRICE INCREASES IN POLAND ARE TO BEGIN ON MONDAY. US SECRETARY OF STATE GEORGE SHULTZ IS TO MEET TOMORROW WITH ip NICARAGUA'S MARXIST PRESIDENT DANIEL ORTE6A TO DISCUSS THE POSSIBILITY OF REVIVING CENTRAL AMERICAN PEACE NEGOTIATIONS. SPAIN'S FOREIGN MINISTER FERNANDO MORAN HAS TOLD SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREY 6ROMYKO THAT SPAIN IS PART OF THE WESTERN WORLD AND WILL CONTINUE TO DEFEND WESTERN VALUES. IN BELGIUM, WHERE THERE'S POLITICAL OPPOSITION TO DEPLOYING NATO'S NEW MEDIUM-RANGE NUCLEAR MISSILES, IT'S BEEN ANNOUNCED THAT AN AIR' FORCE BASE IS NOW READY TO HANDLE THE MISSILES. ROMANIA'S CHIEF DELEGATE AT THE EUROPEAN SECURITY CONFERENCE IN STOCKHOLM HAS CALLED FOR AN INITIAL PACKAGE OF AGREEMENTS THIS YEAR INSTEAD OF:NEXT YEAR. . . PRESIDENT REAGAN HAS AUTHORIZED UP TO TWO MILLION DOLLARS IN EMERGENCY RELIEF AID FOR THE PEOPLE OF AFGHANISTAN. TURKISH WORKERS IN WEST GERMANY HAVE BEEN URGED TO BOYCOTT BULGARIA'S BALKAN AIRWAYS TO PRQTEST ALLEGED MISTREATMENT OF ETHNIC TURKS IN BULGARIA. SOME MEMBERS OF THE PALESTINIAN PARLIAMENT-IN-EXILE HAVE CRITICIZED THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN JORDAN AND THE PLO ON A PROPOSAL FOR MIDDLE ' EAST PEACE.

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RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian -language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis

for Saturday, 2 March 1985

E. Romano, J. Riollot, and L. Mardirossian

A. -SOVIET TOPICS POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: -

1. Soviet -US Relations. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Predtechevsky, M 4:30) pointed to Soviet propaganda efforts to blacken US reality day after day and commented that this is being done to divert attention from bleak Soviet reality.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Silnitskaya, NY 2:30) discussed the findings of a report prepared by Austrian Prof. Felix Ermacora for the UN Human Rights Commission which spoke of widespread human rights violations in Afghanistan and accused Soviet forces of bombing villages, killing civilians, poisoning livestock and water supplies and executing captured Afghan resistance fighters. The report also noted that 50,000 prisoners are being kept in the Karmal regime's prisons and that torture is a very common practice.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Shragin, NY 13) featured Part 4 of a reading of the private American Group's report, prepared by Jeri Laber and Barnett .Rubin, about the USSR's flagrant human rights violations in Afghanistan. The operations or the Afghan secret police (KHAD) in Kabul were discussed on the basis of a report by AFP correspondent Yves Geller 2

who was in Kabul in May 1983. It is estimated that 10,000 KHAD agents operate in Kabul'alone.

PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Salkazanova, P 3) cited an interview in Le Monde with prominent Afghan resistance leader Abdul Hag, who was warmly received by high-level French officials. In the interview Hag listed a number of reasons why partisan operations in Kabul are now more effective than a few years ago and asserted that Soviet casualties are higher than those of the partisans.

3. The USSR and the ILO. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Salkazanova, P 3:30) discussed unsuccessful Soviet efforts to gain influence over the ILO's administration and cited statements in Le Monde by ILO Director-General Francis Blanchard responding to Soviet delegate Leonid Kostin's criticism that the ILO needs to be restructured because of its pro-Western bias. Blanchard said that Kostin's warnings are another Soviet attempt to destabilize the ILO and order the organization to defend Soviet interests.

4. Dissidents and Human Rights. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Yakoreva, M 3), based on reports from the Soviet Union, highlighted the case of Soviet dissident and workers' rights activist Boris Mityashin, who was recently sentenced to five years in labor camps, and profiled him.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1:30 and Malinkovich, M 19), a RERUN from February 27, commented on letters by imprisoned human rights activist Olga Matusevich and fellow-prisoner Lydia Doronina to Lithuanian poet Eduardas Mezelaitis, taking issue with his defense of hunger-striking American Indian leader Leonard Peltier. The program was pegged to the fifth anniversary of Olga Matusevich's arrest.

FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30), a revised RERUN from 14 July 1983, featured the eighth installment of General Grigorenko's memoirs entitled In the Underground One Can Meet Only Rats in connection with the 40th anniversary of D. M. Karbyshev's death.

5. The Soviet System. In RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Avtorkhanov, M 11) prominent Kremlinologist A. Avtorkhanov discussed the tyrannical nature of the party oligarchy's rule in the USSR and pondered the question of whether political evolution of the Soviet regime is possible. Avtorkhanov noted that all historical experience and the political -psychological mentality of the ruling party oligarchy show that a political change in the regime is hardly possible in the near future. The most sacred principle for the regime is the retention of real power, Avtorkhanov stressed, and that whenever this power was being threatened the communist leaders were ready to make sacrifices to save it, even including the dismemberment of Russia (the separate peace with Germany in 1918), the temporary abandonment of Marxist ideology (Lenin's NEP of 1921), or an open alliance with fascism (the 1939 Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact).

6. Soviet Industrial Espionage. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Yudovich, M 5:30) pointed to Soviet technological backwardness and highlighted the practical and financial difficulties of catching up with Western industrial advances. The program said that the Soviet Union has engaged in industrial espionage and high-technology smuggling for which a network has been cleated abroad which includes various Soviet officials and representatives and also foreigners. The case of a certain Richard Mueller was cited. The Soviet industrial espionage is closely associated with military espionage.

7. The Arne Treholt Trial. In PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Matusevich, Oslo 5) RL's correspondent who covered the Trehold espionage trial in Oslo gave the results of this week's trial proceedings. The program discussed the spectacular espionage activitites for the USSR of former high-level Norwegian diplomat and political figure, Treholt? commenting on the absurdity of his attempt to present his espionage operations, such as selling top-secret NATO documents to the USSR, as his own brand of unorthodox diplomacy designed to break the ice in East-West relations. Also discussed was the damage that Treholt inflicted on Norway's Labor Party of which he was a leading member.

8. The Economy. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Orshansky, W 5:30) continued featuring a talk with economist Igor Birman on the USSR Central Statistical Board's report on the fulfillment of last year's economic plan. Birman remarked that no figures were given on last year's grain harvest. He also cited several discrepancies between statistical figures which are aimed at concealing the hard truth of the economic slump in the Soviet Union.

9. Oil. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Limberger, M 9) noted that Soviet oil production is falling and that the CIA study, which forecast a decline in this branch of the Soviet economy for the 1980s, was right after all. A recent article in Pravda offered evidence of Soviet concern with this situation.

10. Aeroflot. SIGNAL (Gorshenin, M 3:30) noted that Aeroflot is a reverse unit of the Soviet Air Force and pointed to the family resemblance between some civil and 4

mlitary airplanes. Aeroflot is also currently a military carrier. The program cited the Soviet Civil Aviation Deputy Minister who said, in an interview published in Sovietskaya Rossiya of January 3, that Aeroflot meets all transportation requests regarding the Soviet Far East.

11. Test Pilots in the USSR. SIGNAL (Churakov, NY 3:30), pegged to the death last January of the Soviet test pilot Vladimir Kikkinari, dealt with the atmosphere of suspicion and distrust which surrounded Soviet test pilots in the 1930s, even though they were part of the Soviet "decorative aristocracy." They were afraid of possible "political" charges for unfOreseen damages.

12. The Merchant Fleet. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Rudolph, and Sarandinaki, NY 9:30) featured a talk with American Merchant marine captain Petr Sarandinaki who answered questions about working conditions in the US Merchant Marine and compared them with those of Soviet sailors he met in different countries.

13. Tarkovsky's "Andrey Rublev." RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Chertok, M 9) discussed the fate in the USSR of Andrey Tarkovsky's great film "Andrey Rublev," in connection with the 20th anniversary of the film's premiere at Moscow's "House of Films." The program recalled how Soviet critics hailed the film after its premiere showing ,and how the Soviet cultural establishment joined filmmaker Sergey Gerasimov's criticism of the film as being "anti -Russian, unpatriotic, and constructed in a Western spirit." The very limited showing of the film in the USSR was discussed.

14. Aksenov. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Perouansky, M 4:30 and Aksenov, W 15:30), a RERUN from 22 January 1983, commented on Lenin's slogans still in use today such as "socialism without post, telegraphs, and machines is an empty phrase," saying that present technological development, e.g., computers, copying machines, etc., are bigger obstacles to communism than the dissident movement.

15. HUMAN RIGHTS (E. Yurenen, M 7) featured the fourth installment of a reading'of Pierre Rigollot's book Frenchmen in the : 1917-1984, treating in this program the chapter "The Old Soviet Specialty," about the persecution of foreign nationals by the Bolshevik regime shortly after the October 1917 revolution.

16. The . SIGNAL (Nekrasov, P 6:30) emigre Soviet writer Victor Nekrasov discussed Vassilv, Grossman's two-volume novel entitled Life and Fate dealing with the battle of Stalingrad and the fate I

5

of Soviet combatants. The first volume was published in the Soviet monthly Novy Mir in 1982 under the title For the Right Cause and was sharply criticized. An illegal copy of the second volume was smuggled out to the West. The program noted that Grossman's novel put in the pillory the two forms of : fascism and communism.

17. The Victory Day. SIGNAL (Rudolph, NY 5) presented a talk with emigre World War. II veteran, former Soviet sergeant Alexander Ruzanov (Cherepakhin), who recalled his service in the Soviet armed forces and discussed the Soviet population's postwar disillusionment with the Soviet system. Ruzanov asserted that his wishes were fulfilled only in the US where he emigrated with his family.

18. Chess. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Rubin, M 4:30), commenting on the cancellation of the Karpov-Kasparov game, said that the decision was unjustified and that it will damage Karpov.

19. Religion. The Sunday Talk in NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Benigsen, NY 10) was about the Sunday of Orthodoxy celebrated on the first Sunday of Lent.

SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 11 March 1984, was about the Byzantine iconoclasts and theveneration of icons.

SUNDAY MASS (Rahr and Kholodnaya, M and NY 54:30) presented a Russian Orthodox religious service.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 7) reported on the cancellation of both Polish government's planned sharp rise in food prices and Solidarity's appeal for a 15 -minute nationwide strike on February 28. The program detailed and analyzed the situation in Poland since January.

WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 7), a RERUN from February 27, read a joint statement by Walesa and Solidarity calling off a nationwide protest strike. The statement was released after the Polish government withdrew its planned food price hikes.

2. The New Military Strategy of North Korea. SIGNAL (Shilayev, NY 5) cited a speech by North Korean Information Minister at the regional conference of the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies held in Seoul 6

last December to the effect that North Korea's military buildup and new military strategy aimed at defeating South Korea within 5 or 6 days is a serious threat. Such a situation requires a real balance of forces between the two Korean states. The program cited also commentaries from the North Korean press according to which North Korea would launch military action against South Korea only with Soviet permission. At the same time, North Korea is under Chinese pressure to deny the Soviet Union the right to take advantage of naval bases in its ports. The program also compared North and South Korean military potential.

3. American Computers in the PRC. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Krasin, NY 7:30) highlighted IBM's activities in China, which is importing American computers as a result of its long-term industrial reform and modernization program, and contrasted Chinese and Soviet efforts to cope with their respective technological backwardness.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Middle East. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Silnitskaya, NY 2) cited statements by Israel's UN delegate Netanyahu in response to charges by Arab countries at the UN questioning Israel's sincerity in withdrawing its troops from Lebanon and urging the UN Security Council to order an immediate Israeli troop pullout from this region. US delegate Warren Clark was cited as saying that the violence in southern Lebanon would make an Israeli withdrawal more difficult.

2. Pakistan. PANORAMA OF THE WEEK (Shilaeff, NY 6:30) analyzed the election results in Pakistan, noting that it is difficult to predict what President Zia ul-Haq's vision of the Islamization of Pakistan or Islamic democracy looks like but judging by conditions under which the elections were carried out Islamic democracy will have very little in common with Western democracy.

3. The Basin of the Pacific Ocean. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Iverni, P 6:30) reviewed an article by French university professor Marc Dupuis in the seventh issue of the French journal Geopolitics devoted to a colloquium on the Pacific basin countries which was recently held in Paris with the unusual attendance of communist China. The program discussed the Southeast Economic Community, including Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, the Philippines, and Thailand. The Colloquium looked into the various reasons why the Pacific countries' dynamism is threatening the European trade around the world.

7

4. The Cold War. SPECIAL PROGRAM (Levin, M 20) recalled the circumstances leading to the beginning of the Cold War 40 years ago and quoted Churchill's Fulton, Missouri, speech.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Rahr, M 9) read and commented on a passage from St. Luke's Gospel's relative to Christ's meeting with Nathaniel.

10) continued the NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY series "The Bible Step-By-Step" with a program on the Fall. sm/SL

NEWS COVERAGE

OF ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS 2 MARCH 9985:

Lc:CH WALESA HAS PREDICTED PROTESTS BY FACTORY WORKERS MONDAY AGAINST PNNOUNCED FOOD PRICE INCREASES. DluSLIM. LEADER NABIH BERRI TODAY THREATENED ISRAEL LEBANESE SHIITE WITH RETALIATION FOR RAIDS ON SHIITE VILLAGES IN SOUTHERN LEBANON. PAKISTAN'S HEAD OF STATE, MIIHAMMAD ZIA ULHAG TODAY ANNOUNCED PLANNED AMENDMENTS TO THE COUNTRY'S CONSTITUTION, GIVING HIMSELF SWEEPING PRESIDENTIAL POWERS. POLITBURO MEMBER VLADIMIR SHCHERBITSKY ARRIVES IN THE UNITED SOVIET WILL STATES TOMORROW AT THE START OF A TENDAY VISIT DURING WHICH HE HOLD TALKS WITH PRESIDENT .

SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREY 6ROMYKO RETURNED TO MOSCOW TODAY AFTER OFFICIAL VISITS TO SPAIN AND ITALY.

US SECRETARY OF STATE GEORGE SHULTZ SAYS HIS MEETING WITH NICARAGUAN PRESIDENT DANIEL ORTEGA TODAY DID VIRTUALLY NOTHING TO NARROW THE WIDE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. AT LEAST 20 PEOPLE WERE KILLED IN EASTERN INDIA TODAY IN CLASHES DURING THE FIRST DAY OF STATE ELECTIONS.

IT WAS ANNOUNCED TODAY THAT HANSDIETRICH GENSCHER'S SCHEDULED VISIT TO BULGARIA WILL BEGIN THURSDAY (MARCH 7). FORMER'NORWEGIAN DIPLOMAT ARNE TREHOLT, WHO IS CHARGED WITH SPYING FOR THE SOVIET UNION AND IRAQ, TESTIFIED TODAY THAT HE GAVE CLASSIFIED NOTES TO A SOVIET AGENT THAT WERE RELAYED TO SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREy 6ROMYKO. rdi(ovt

mmassissi ram regrilaranspirl Ea rairia

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian -language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Sunday, 3 March 1985 E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Tarasenkov, W 4) cited Shultz's letters to Congressional leaders announcing US plans to give two million dollars worth of emergency humanitarian relief aid to the people of Afghanistan. Also discussed was the State Department's brief review of the situation in Afghanistan.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Shragin, NY 3) featured Part 4 of a reading of the private American Helsinki watch report, prepared by Jeri Laber and Barnett Rubin, about the USSR's flagrant human rights violations in Afghanistan. The program was a RERUN from March 2.

2. Dissidents and Human Rights. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Kublanovsky, M 4) reported on the 13th annual conference in Koeningstein of the - based International Human Rights Society, noting opening speeches by the West German Attorney General Ludwig Martin about the apolitical nature of this organization and by the Society's chairman Ivan Orgruzov who talked about the organization's work in 1984 on behalf of human rights activists in the USSR. The program noted that in 1984 the Soviets donated DM 612,000 to aid Soviet political prisoners and their families. 2

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 20), a RERUN from 6 November 1984, was entirely devoted to Stalin's forcible deportation of the Crimean Tatar nation in 1944. A statement by 240 Crimean Tatars to the Soviet leaders calling for the restoration of their people's rights (AS-5311) was cited.

3. The System. In RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Avtorkhanov, M 11), prominent Kremlinologist A. Avtorkhanov discussed th tyrannical nature of the party oligarchy's rule in the USSR and pondered the question whether a political evolution of the Soviet regime was possible. O ' 4. Women. In connection with International Women's Day to be marked in the USSR on March 8, MODERN WOMAN (Gordin, M 9; E. Levin, M 6; and Voznesenskaya, M 5); began by reading the text of a letter to Chernenko written by former political prisoners, Nina Strokataya and Svyatoslav Karavansky, who left the USSR in 1979 and now reside in the US, in which they pointed to the plight of fifteen woman political prisoners and demanded that the Soviet leadership should use Women's Day 1985 to declare a general amnesty for all prisoners of conscience and the release of the above 15 women from prison. This was followed by a discussion of the changing social role of women in Soviet society since Lenin, noting that Soviet women were forced to answer the one-time slogan "what is dearer, the family or the fatherland?" by opting for the fatherland, this is now being viewed as a banal joke. The program discussed the serious social problems that Soviet women face today and noted their attempts to assert themselves, citing in this connection an article in Sovetskaya Belorussia. In conclusion emigre Soviet feminist Yulia Voznesenskaya continued to read a further episode from her book The Ladies Decameron dealing this time with adultery and jealousy set against the background of socialist reality.

4. Aeroflot. SIGNAL (Gorshenin, M 3:30) noted that AerofiaiEiTi reserve unit of the Soviet Air force and pointed to the family resemblance between some civil and military airplanes. The program was a RERUN from March 2.

6. Test Pilots in the USSR. SIGNAL (Churakov, NY 3:30), pegged to the death last January of the Soviet test pilot Vladimir Kikkinaki, dealt with the atmosphere of suspicion and distrust which surrounded Soviet test pilots in the 1930s, though they were part of the Soviet "decorative aristocracy." The program was a RERUN from March 2. 3

7. Emigre Affairs. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Maximov, P 9) Vladimir Maximov, the chief editor of Kontinent, paid tribute to his close friend, the late Italian writer, thinker, and former politican Ignazio Silone, who was also a member of the editorial staff of Kontinment. Maximov discussed Silone's disenchantment with communism, his break with the PCI in 1930, and his literary and public activities in defense of justice and freedom in today's Russia.

8. Tarkovsky's "Andrey aliplev." RADIO JOURNAL ON THE soviEr UNION (Chertok, M 9) discussed the fate in the USSR of Andrey Tarkovsky's great film "Andrey Rublev," in connection with the 20th anniversary of the film's premiere at Moscow's "House of Films:" The program recalled how Soviet critics hailed the film after its premiere showing and how the Soviet cultural establishment joined filmmaker Sergey Gerasimov's criticism of the film as being "anti-Russian and unpatriotic and constructed in a Western spirit." The very limited showing of the filn in the USSR was discussed.

9. Literature. In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Nekrasov, P 9) emigre writer described the feelings he experienced while rereading some world literature classics which he read as a young man in the USSR.

10. Sholokhov. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, Catala, Etkind, and Khazanov, M 29:30), a RERUN from February 9, was devoted entirely to Soviet writer Mikhail Sholokhov and the mystery surrounding the authorship of the novel Quietly Flows the Don.

11. World War II. SIGNAL (Rudolph, NY 5), a RERUN from March 2, presented a talk with emigre World War II veteran, former Soviet sergeant Alexander Ruzanov (Cherepakhin), who recalled his service in the Soviet armed forces and discussed the Soviet population's postwar disillusionment with the Soviet system.

SIGNAL (Nekrasov, P 6:30), a RERUN from March 2, emigre Soviet writer Victor Nekrasov discussed Vassily Grossman's two-volume novel entitled Life and Fate dealing with the battle of Stalingrad and the fate of Soviet ccnbatants. 4

HUMAN RIGHTS (E. Yurenen, M 7) featured the' fourth installment of a reading of Pierre Rigollot's book Frenchmen in the Gulag: 1917-1984. In this program the chapter "The Old Soviet Specialty" about the persecution of foreign nationals by the Bolshevik. regime shortly after the October 1917 revolution was featured.

12. Soccer. WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 7) commented on the perennial complaints by Soviet coaches about the always unfavorable weather conditions in the Black Sea Coast area where soccer teams are trained for the start of the soccer season, and detected a similarity between this and similar complaints by Soviet agricultural experts who use the weather as an excuse for poor. harvest.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The New Military Strategy of North Korea. SIGNAL (Shiliayev, NY 5) cited a speech by North Korean Information Minister at the region conference of the London-based International Institute for Strategic Studies held in Seoul last December to the effect that North Korea's military buildup and new military strategy aimed at defeating South Korea within 5 or 6 days is a serious threat. The program was a RERUN from March 2.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Nedelman, Isr 5) -discussed the intense high-level Israeli-Egyptian contacts over President Mubarak's plan calling for direct Israeli-Jordanian-Palestinian peace talks in Cairo or in Washington under Egyptian and US mediation. The program summed up initial reactions to the plan as follows: the US is cautious, Israel's Premier is full of hope, Hussein-is silent, and the PLO rejects the plan. Also mentioned were rejections of the plan by the so-called "Arab confrontation front." 5

2. US-Nicaragua. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Silnitskaya, NY 4) discussed the US reaction to Nicaraguan President Ortega's so-called "peace initiative," citing Vice-President Bush's comments in Texas about the propagandistic nature of Ortega's initiative and House Speaker O'Neill's response to Ortega's invitation for US congressmen to visit Nicaraguan military bases. Also noted was a report in The Washington Post about Shultz's agreement to meet with Ortega in Montevideo as well as a Reuter dispatch of March 1 listing the political conditions set forth by the Contras for talks with the Sandinistas. 3. US Agriculture. Mentioning briefly the problems US farmers presently face because of agricultural overproduction and noting that two-and-one-half million US farmers produce one-and-half times more grain than the USSR army of thirty-million people employed in agriculture, US TODAY (Krasin, NY 7) presented a profile of an average US farmer from Ohio, Bill Richards, and his family, noting how the Richards were able to utilize the economic and agrotechnical processes during the boom years of the 1970s to increase land value, agricultural production, and profits.

4. America and the English Language. US TODAY (Paramonov, NY 7), based on an article in US News and World Report, discussed the social, economic, and cultural reasons behind the worldwide popularity of the English language, noting that one-third of the world's population speaks English. The program then pointed to the paradoxical situation that in the US itself there are twenty-seven million illiterate adults, predominantly immigrants and refugees, who also constitute a substantial number of the unemployed in the US. Government assistance program to these groups were noted.

5. Uruguay. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Predtechevsky, M 3), a RERUN from March 1, backgrounded the inauguration of Uruguay's first civilian president in almost 12 years, Julio Sanguinetti.

6. Henry Cabot Lodge: an Obituary. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Vainshtein, W 5:30) profiled the diplomatic and political career of Henry Cabot Lodge who died in the US at the age of 82. 6

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. US Society. US'TODAY (Dovlatov, NY 7) described the average American's financial trarisaction with banks on loans, credits, etc., in connection with an article in Izvestia which described a legal suit between two friends over a 500 ruble loan.

US TODAY (Rubin, NY 7) used an article in US News and World Report to describe what "happiness" and different values mean to a cross-section of the US population.

2. The US NOC. WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 10) discussed the new leadership changes in the US National Olympic Committee, noting the replacement of NOC President William Simon and top executive Don Miller with John Kelly and George Miller respectively. The program also responded to sharp criticism in Sovetsky Sport over Kelly's pledge to fight the doping problem and George Miller's statements about allowing professionals to participate in the Olympics.

3. Skating. WORLD OF spoRr (Borovsky, NY 6) discussed the results of the ice skating marathon in Holland.

4. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 13 March 1984, took as its theme Christ's .exhortation to "love thy neighbor as thyself."

scn/SL NEWS COVERAGE

THEIR NEWSCASTS OF ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN 3 MARCH 1985:

IS IN MOSCOW FOR WEST GERMAN FOREIGN MINISTER HANS-DIETRICH BENSCHER SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREY GROMYKO 410 TALKS WITH

A TOP-LEVEL SOVIET DELEGATION HAS FLOWN TO THE US PROTESTS CHAIRMAN LECH WALESA SAYS HE'LL TAKE PART IN SOLIDARITY WORKERS WANT TO MAKE AGAINST FOOD PRICE INCREASES TOMORROW IF POLISH SUCH PROTESTS THE MINERS' STRIKE IN BRITAIN IS OVER LEBANON PULL-OUT ISRAEL IS BEGINNING THE SECOND STAGE OF ITS

A CHINESE PARLIAMENTARY DELEGATION IS IN MOSCOW IN BULGARIA POLISH PRIME MINISTER WOJCIECH JARUZELSKI ARRIVES TOMORROW

1/4 MOM IMMO

Bra kin Ti

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian -language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Monday, 4 March 1985

D. Felton

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: 1. Soviet-US Relations. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 6:30) reported on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee's hearings on the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks in Geneva. The program focused on testimony given by Paul Nitze and Max Kampelman. Reference was also made to testimony given before the Senate Armed Services Committee by Shultz and Weinberger.

PANORAMA (Predtechevsky, M 4:30) commented on the marked intensification of Soviet anti-American propaganda one week before the US -Soviet arms control talks in Geneva. The program reviewed the output of a single day, March 4, as an example, and wondered whether this attempt to poison the atmosphere is aimed at strengthening the Soviet position at the talks or at creating the psychological conditions for breaking off the talks and placing the blame on the US. The program suggested that it is the US's sober, firm, realistic attitude which is provoking Moscow's ire.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 4:30) cited commentaries on the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks in Geneva in The Chicago Tribune (Atlas), The Washington Post (Oberdorfer), and The New York Times (Kampelman). 2

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 5:30), pegged to the 64th anniversary of the Afghan-Soviet friendship treaty, placed the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the overall context of the USSR's Leninist imperialistic and expansionist policy, and described Soviet attempts to justify the aggression against the Afghan people on the grounds of the 1921 and 1978 treaties as a gross distortion of international law.

WORLD TODAY (Kushev, M 4) reported on the US State Department's announcement of the US government's intention to provide food and other humanitarian aid to Afghan refugees, including in Afghanistan itself. The program cited Shultz's testimony before Congress and the State Department's report on Afghanistan.

3. The USSR and the ILO. WORKERS MOVEMENT (Salkazanova, P,3:30), a RERUN from February 28, gave the background to the USSR's threat to leave the ILO.

4. Dissidents and Human Rights. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kublanovsky, P 5) reported on the 13th conference of the International Human Rights Society held in Koenigstein (FRG), focusing on those aspects concerning the USSR. The program cited the society's general director, Agruzov, on the society's history, activities, and plans to help Soviet political prisoners and their families, and also on the need to support the Sakharovs. Former Soviet political prisoner Viktor Davydov was quoted on the moral support he received from the society.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 1; Gorbanevskaya, P 14; and Troll, NY 4) was devoted to political prisoners , a poetess, and , an Orthodox priest, on the occasion of their birthdays. Readings from Ratushinskaya's poetry were included.

WORKERS MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 10:30) gave the slightly abridged text of a samizdat biography (AS -5393) of political prisoner Alexander Skobov, a former member of the unofficial trade union SMOT's Council of Representatives, who, in May 1983, was sentenced to forced treatment in a psychiatric hospital.

(I 3

HUMAN RIGHTS S (Fedoseyev, M 3) observed that according to a Soviet dictionary's definition of terrorism as "a policy of reprisal against political opponents by force, going as far as physical extermination," the exiling of Sakharov constituted terror. The program contrasted this with the objectives of terrorists in free countries, which consist of undermining the state's democratic foundations and provoking the state into taking. despotic measures in order to more easily arouse the population against it.

5. Frenchmen in the Gulag. HUMAN RIGHTS (E. Yurenen, P 10) told the story of French citizen Andre Szymkiewicz, whose fate was described by French politologist Pierre Rigoulot in his book Frenchmen in the Gulag: 1917-1984 recently published in Paris.

6. The Emigration. PANORAMA (Kublanovsky, P 4:30) reviewed the Februhry 28 issue of the Paris-based Russian language weekly Russkaya Mysl. The program highlighted an interview given to Kathpress in Vienna by Metropolitan Yuvenaly of Krutitsa and Kolomna, in which, on the one hand, he said Christian belief and Marxism are incompatible, and on the other uttered such propaganda cliches as no one was persecuted in the USSR an account of his faith. A selection of poetry by imprisoned Kiev poetess Irina Ratushinskaya was read.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Mirsky, P 17:30) presented the second part of an RL interview with emigre theater director Yury Lyubimov about his book The Sacred Fire: Recollections of Theater Life which has just been published in Paris.

7. Readings from Alliluyeva's Book. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30), a RERUN from 4 and 6 December 1964, featured further excerpts from Svetlana Alliluyeva's Only One Year...

8. The Economy. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Roitman and Yudovich, M 20) noted that although three successive Soviet leaders -- Brezhnev, Andropov, and Chernenko -- have admitted that the Soviet economy is experiencing a crisis and that the system of economic management is inefficient, reforms have been limited to the forms and methods of management,, the political essence of the system, i. e., the party's leading role, remaining untouched. Not only that, but there has been a reversion to tougher administrative methods. The program showed how the controversy between supporters of the existing economic system and advocates of radical economic reforms is also reflected in the official press. 4

Reference was made to the paper delivered by economist Tatyana Zaslayskaya calling for a radical economic reform. The program r....marked that not only the party -state apparatus is afraid of losing its privileged position as the result of such reforms, but the military too insists on a centrally-planned economy.

9. The Workers. In WORKERS MOVEMENT (Plakkhin, M 4:30) a former employee of a research institute for labor protection of the USSR's central trade union organizations described the negative physiological effects of monotonous work, such as at a conveyer belt, and spoke of the inadequacy of measures being carried out in the USSR to cope with the problem. 10. Religion. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Mamleyev, P 10:30), a RERUN from February 18, discussed the political and ideological reasons for official atheism in the USSR, noted its absurdity, and pointed to the current religious revival in the USSR.

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. WORKERS MOVEMENT (K. Simis, W 7:30) gave the substance of the final part of the ILO's report on violations of Polish workers' rights following the establishment of martial law in December 1981. 5

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. East-West Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 5:30) reported on the latest intensive round of East- West contacts. The program focused on Genscher's visit to Moscow, noting that it was on the whole unproductive, with serious political and military differences remaining. Genscher's brief visit to Poland was reported and it was recalled that his planned official visit in December was postponed indefinitely for protocol reasons. The program also referred to the USSR Supreme Soviet delegation's visit to the US and additional FRG contacts with the USSR and Poland, and said it will not be the fault of the West if its strenuous attempts to achieve some kind of cooperation with the East are not reciprocated.

2. The Middle East. WORLD TODAY (Tarasenkov, W 4) highlighted Assistant Secretary of State Richard Murphy's testimony before the House Foreign Affairs Committee outlining the Administration's position on the Middle East. Reference was made to Israeli Foreign Minister Shamir's statement that US agreement to preliminary talks with an Arab delegation could be regarded as a clear attempt to enter into contacts with the PLO and to a PLO representative's statement insisting on a UN-sponsored international conference.

3. Britain. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, Stockholm, 6:30) commented on the end of the miners' strike in Britain. The program spoke of a defeat for the Marxist fanatic Scargill in his attempt to overthrow the Thatcher government, of Scargill's cynical contempt for trade union democracy, and of the severe blow to the British Labour Party and trade union movement. Support for the strikers by the USSR, the Karmal regime, and Libya, said the program, merely intensified the British public's negative attitude toward the strike.

4. The Sentencing of the Armenian Terrorists in France. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 4:30) cited Le Monde and the head of the French Committee for the Defense of Armenians, Ara Krikoryan, in an interview to La Croix, that the terrorists are more interested in destabilizing the West than in the past of the Armenian people. Krikoryan was quoted that the terrorists are said to be financed by Libya and operating together with the Palestinians as a part of international terrorism. They are also very 6

friendly with the USSR. The program cited the terrorist organization's warning to France following the sentences.

5. Libya. HUMAN RIGHTS (Predtechevsky, M 3), pegged to Gaddafi's recent reference to the right to kill one's political opponents, gave the general outline of Gaddafi's involvement in international terrorism, including his cooperation with the secret services of the USSR and other socialist countries.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON- COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: 1. Religion. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Lvov, NY 7:30), a RERUN from February 18, examined the problem of faith as interpreted in the Pentateuch.

RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Paramonov, NY 8:30), a RERUN from February 18, read excerpts from an article on American philosopher William James by Russian philosopher Lev Shestov.

SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 12 March 1984, had Christ the Savior as its theme.

WORLD TODAY (Gordin, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the end of the British miners' strike (Matusevich, Stockholm 6:30); reactions in France to the sentencing of Armenian terrorists (Salkazanova, P 4:30); the US position on the Middle East (Tarasenkov, W 4); a human rights conference in Koenigstein, West Germany (Kublanovsky, P 9); Senate hearings on the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks n Geneva (Weinstein, W 6); anti-American propaganda in the USSR (Predtechevsky, M 4:30); the Afghan question (Nadirashvili, M 5:30); and US humanitarian aid to Afghan refugees (Kushev, M 4).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the' following topics: the latest round of East-West contacts (Predtechevsky, M 5:30); US press comment on the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks in Geneva (Muslin, NY 4:30); the end of the British miners' strike (Matusevich, Stockholm 6:30); reaction in 7

France to the sentencing of Armenian terrorists (Salkazanova, P 4:30); and a human rights conference in Koenigstein, West Germany (Kublanovsky, P 5).

sm/scn/lv/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF ' 4 MARCH 1985:

WEST GERMAN FOREIGN MINISTER HANS-DIETRICH GENSCHER HAS TOLD SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER MUREX GROMYKO THE TIME IS RIPE FOR A NEW CHAPTER IN EAST-WEST RELATIONS. SOVIET POLITBURO MEMBER VLADIMIR SHCHERBITSKY SAYS HE'S IN THE US TO WORK FOR IMPROVED RELATIONS. RONALD REAGAN'S NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER SAYS THAT WASHINGTON HAS REVERSED A 1970S TREND WHEN EVERYTHING SEEMED TO BE GOING MOSCOW'S WAY. THERE HAVE BEEN NO WESTERN REPORTS OF PROTESTS BY POLISH WORKERS AGAINST FOOD PRICE INCREASES. TURKEY REPORTEDLY PLANS TO SEND ANOTHER DIPLOMATIC NOTE TO SOFIA ON _BULGARIA'S ALLEGED HARASSMENT OF ETHNIC TURKS.

TEHRAN SAYS IRAQI WARPLANES HAVE DAMAGED A PARTLY BUILT NUCLEAR POWER PLANT IN IRAN. SOVIET AUTHORITIES REPORTEDLY HAVE REJECTED A REQUEST TO AMNESTY JEWISH RIGHTS ACTIVIST ANATOLY SHCHARANSKY. THE DEATH TOLL FROM CHILE'S EARTHQUAKE STANDS AT 124. A US SENATOR SAYS AFGHANISTAN SUFFERS FROM A MEDICAL EMERGENCY AS A RESULT OF SOVIET EFFORTS TO REMOVE DOCTORS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES FROM AREAS OCCUPIED BY THE RESISTANCE. ISRAEL DENIES ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE BOMBING OF A SHIITE MUSLIM COMMUNITY CENTER IN ISRAELI -OCCUPIED LEBANON. AN OSLO COURT HAS BEGUN HEARING PROSECUTION WITNESSES IN THE CASE OF A FORMER NORWEGIAN DIPLOMAT CHARGED WITH PASSING SECRETS TO SOVIET AND IRAQI AGENTS. US VICE-PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH HAS ARRIVED IN SUDAN. negro rig Etk:ffz: ESE in ESE.

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian -language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Tuesday, 5 March'1985 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 5:30) reported on the high-level visit in Washington of the 30 -member Supreme Soviet delegation, headed by Politburo member Shcherbitsky, at the invitation of the US House of Representatives. The program cited and commented on Shcherbitsky's statements to Congressmen about the USSR's search for peace, improved relations with the US, and a common approach to vital political issues, saying that they were designed to make the world public forget the KAL incident and Soviet actions in Afghanistan on the eve of the Geneva arms control talks. On Soviet delegation member Stukalin's remarks that Soviet Jews are not persecuted because of their religion and that no one is prohibited from studying Hebrew, the program listed the names of recently imprisoned Soviet Hebrew teachers and cited a US expert as saying that nine-tenths of Stukalin's statements were either distorted or inaccurate. Also quoted were comments by Ulana Mazurkevich, a spokeswoman for a group of Ukrainian-Americans demonstrating in Washington against Shcherbitsky's visit. A CND report from Washington of March 5 was used. 2

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Gordin, M 4) cited an interview given to Die Welt by Assistant Secretary of State Richard Burt on the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks in Geneva, particularly on the SDI issue.

PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 4:30) gave the substance of John Walcott's article in Newsweek entitled Map for Geneva," which discussed a number of aspects of the US negotiating position at the Geneva arms control talks and noted the still ongoing dispute within the administration on how hard to press the USSR for cuts in strategic weapons and on accepting the administration's Strategic Defense Initiative.

2. USSR-FRG. PANORAMA (Nadirashvili, M 4:30) commented on Genscher's unexpected visit to Moscow. The program gave the official FRG explanation of the objectives of the visit, and spoke of the USSR's interest in the FRG and other NATO allies of the US in connection with their attitude toward the SDI. It was also noted that Genscher raised the question of the Soviet propaganda campaign against the FRG.

3. USSR-France. PANORAMA (Mirsky, P 4:30) discussed the upcoming visit of France's Foreign Minister Roland Dumas to Moscow,a-hoting that the visit, just as Genscher's, is direclty connected to the upcoming Geneva arms control talks and that the French and German positions on this issue were agreed upon during the Mitterrand-Kohl meeting in Paris last week. Dumas was expected to repeat the French position on its nuclear deterrent force and to possibly raise the question of convening a conference by signatory-states of the Helsinki Agreement to mark the 10th anniversary of the event.

4. Soviet-Vatican Relations. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr, M 10), commenting on Gromyko's meeting with the pope, cited one source which spoke of a conversation between the deaf. The pope is interested in the fate of 'Catholics in the Soviet Union, and Gromyko in Moscow's "peace offensive" as US -Soviet arms talks resume. The program said that the pope knew very well with whom he was talking and mentioned in that connection the likely Soviet connection with the attempt on his life. sir

3

5. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weinstein, M 5:30) reported on a hearing of the US Congressional Task Force on Afghanistan, citing statements by its chairman, Senator Gordon Humphrey, about the desperate medical situation in Afghanistan which is compounded by the Kabul regime's refusal to allow the Red Cross and other relief organizations to operate inside Afghanistan. Testimonies in this connection were cited by US, Afghan, and French doctors who gave medical assistance to the Afghan population.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, SW 5) cited an account given by a young Estonian who served in the Soviet Army in Afghanistan of the Soviet terror in Afghanistan and its debasing influence on the troops themselves. 'The account was given to Estonian human rights activists and was published in Svenska Dagbladet.

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Krimerman, M 4) noted an article written by a Moldavian soldier just back from Afghanistan which was published in Kishinev's Literatura Shi Arta. The article cited a letter from the soldier's mother talking of an ominous dream she had about her son when he was in Afghanistan. The son has now returned home. The program grieved for those who have not returned.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Kublanovsky, P 3) reported on a photo exhibit about Soviet political prisoners shown at the Paris City Hall under the sponsorship of Mayor Jacques Chirac and the Paris - based organization "For a Free Russia," to mark the 51st birthday of imprisoned Russian Orthodox Priest Gleb Yakunin.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 3; Dedyulin, P 5:30; and Gorbanevskaya, P 11:30), began by reporting on the case of 35 -year-old worker Boris Mityashin, recently sentenced in Leningrad to five years strict-regime prison camp and three years internal exile on a charge of reading and distributing politically undesirable literature (Bukovsky's memoirs, Kontinent, etc.). After this, poetess and former Soviet political prisoner Natalia Gorbanevskaya read and reflected on the poetry of political prisoner Irina Ratushinskaya published in Russkaya Mysl. The item was pegged to Ratushinskaya's 31st birthday. 4

7. The Emigration. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Rzhevsky, NY 11) continued a series on Russian writers abroad with a program on the poet Dmitry Klenovsky.

8. A Reading from Alliluyeva's Book "Only One Year" was featured in FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30). RERUN material from 6 and 8 November 1969 was used.

9. Labor Affairs. HUMAN RIGHTS (Yudovich, M 6) remarked that the slogan "from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs," conceals an injustice in the wages sector of the USSR, with catastrophic socio-economic consequences. The low pay of engineers was given as an example. Reference was made to a flood of readers letters to Sotsialisticheskaya Industriya on the subject.

10. Women. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Yudovich, M 8:30), in an item pegged to International Women's Day, contrasted Soviet propaganda claims that women enjoy equal rights in the USSR with the reality, in which women bear a double burden of worker and housewife, and are underrepresented in senior management positions so that they tend to earn much less than men.

11. Latvia. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Klovskaya, M 10:30) gave the 'gist of an article by Manuela Holterhof, an art critic of Latvian origin, in Die Zeit, describing her impressions of a recent visit to Latvia.

12. The Kara-Kalpak ASSR. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Volodarsky, M 4:30) recalled the formation of the Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast, now an autonomous republic, in February 1925 in the wake of Moscow's efforts to break resistance to Bolshevik rule in Central Asia.

13. The Cinema. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Romadinova, NY 7) reviewed a new book published in the US on the life and work of Russian emigre pianist Ashkenaze.

14. Religion. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 9:30) gave the gist of a paper delivered by Richard Davies, a former US Ambassador to Poland and President of the Center for the Study of Religion and Human Rights in Closed Societies, at the conference on religious persecution in the USSR which took place in the US recently. The conference was sponsored 'by the center together 'with the Anti -Defamation League of B'nai 5

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Peterson, M 3:30) said that by introducing, such drastic food price increases the regime has, in fact, broken its promise on step-by-step price increases. Walesa was quoted that the decision was cynical. Under these circumstances, said the program, it is difficult to expect the regime to conduct a dialogue with the people.

2. Bulgaria. WORLD TODAY (Seitmuratova, NY 4) featured a reportage from a demonstration in front of the UN building organized by the "Society of Balkan Turks" and the "Federation of Turkish- Americans," protesting against the forcible Bulgarization of the ethnic Turkish minority in 411/ Bulgaria and laying a wreath in memory of those Turks who were recently killed in Bulgaria. The program cited speeches by the heads of the above organizations providing facts about the persecution of their brethren in Bulgaria and read the text of the State Department letter to these organizations expressing deep concern over the Bulgarian campaign to force the Turkish minority to assume Slavic names.

3. CMEA. PANORAMA (Dreyer, NY 4:30) drew attention to a speech on the economic situation of the CMEA countries delivered at a college in Austria by Academician Bogomolov, Director of the Moscow Institute for the Economy of the World Socialist System. The program noted that Bogomolov did not paint the kind of rosy picture presented by Soviet media.

4. The PRC. HUMAN RIGHTS (Shilaeff, NY 8:30), referring to three long articles by Michael Weiskopf,in The Washington Post, observed that the PRC's family planning program (one family -- one child) is often carried out by cruel and even inhuman administrative methods. The program said that this is a consequence of the regime's anti-Confucian attitude towards the family.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US -Western Europe. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (Dreyer, NY 9) showed how, contrary to Soviet propaganda, the US economic boom is also benefiting Western Europe. 6

2. US -Nicaragua. WORLD TODAY (Bensi, W 5) noted - that the Shultz-Ortega meeting in Montevideo produced no major progress in resolving the deep bilateral differences and gave voice cuts of Shultz's interview on US television giving a point-by-point listing of US political aims vis-a-vis Nicaragua. The program discussed the skeptical US reaction to President Ortega's proposal to withdraw one hundred Cuban specialists and freeze the purchase of arms, stressing the US view., 'thatthat Nicaragua's existing arms arsenal has already destabilized the balance of power in Central America. 3. The Middle East. PANORAMA (Polishchuk, M 5) discussed the start of the second stage of Israel's troop withdrawal from Lebanon, citing comment in The New York Times (Friedman) and Shamir's interview in The Washington Post on the military and political problems connected with the withdrawal, scheduled to be completed this summer.

4. The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. WORLD TODAY (Predtechevsky and Fistejn, M 6:30) presented a talk with RL's military observer who discussed the effectiveness of the nuclear non- proliferation treaty which came into force fifteen years ago today.

5. Human Rights. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 1 and Yasnar,ln,M 3) cited an item in the FRG Boersenblatt on the public outcry in the Netherlands over the Culture Minister's refusal to accept the candidature of satirist' Hugo Brandt Corstius for a statelitetatumprimontle grounds of his having derided the minister.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Technological Revolution. ECONOMICS IN THE MODERN WORLD (V. Iverni, P 8) gave the substance of an article by French professor Jacques Lesurne published in the French journal Geopolitique on how Japan, the US; and Europe will cope with the technological revolution. The article spoke, in this connection, of the extreme flexibility of the social structures Of the countries in the Pacific region, the rigidity of the social structures of the European countries, and the vitality of "Reaganomics." 7

2. Religion. An item in RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 8) dealt with the situation of the Catholics in Latin America and the Pope's response to the theology of liberation during his last visit to the region.

SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 8 March 1984, was devoted to church services held during Lent.

WORLD TODAY (Fistein, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the US position at the upcoming arms control talks with the USSR (Muslin, NY 4:30); Assistant Secretary of State Burt's interview with Die Welt on these talks (Gordin, M 3:30); Genscher's visit to Mbscow (Nadirashvili, M 4:30); French Foreign Minister Dumas' upcoming visit to the USSR (Mirsky, P 4:30); a young Estonian on Soviet terror in Afghanistan (Matusevich, SW 4:30); US press comment on the Israeli withdrawal from southern Lebanon (Polishchuk, W 5); a Soviet Academician on the situation in CMEA (Dreyer, NY 6); a demonstration in New York in defense of Bulgarian Turks (Seytmoratova, NY 4); the Shultz -Ortega meeting (Bensi, W 5); and the 15th anniversary of the nuclear non-proliferation treaty (Fistejn and Predtechevsky, M6:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: Assistant Secretary of State Burt's interview to Die Welt (Gordin, M 4); Shcherbitsky's speech before the US Congress (Tarasenkov, W 5:30); the price increases in Poland (Peterson, M 3:30); the health care problem in Afghanistan (Weinstein, W 5:30); a young Estonian on Soviet terror in Afghanistan (Matusevich, Stockholm 5); and an exhibition on Soviet totalitarianism in Paris (Kublanovsky, P 3).

sm/SL

CORRECTICNS:

Please correct the following typographical errors in Sunday's, 3 March 1985 DBA:

Item A-2, second line from the bottom should read: the Society (not Soviets) donated DM 612,000 to aid Soviet political prisoners... and Item B-1, Page 4 should read regional (not region) conference. NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 5 MARCH 1985:

VIETNAM SAYS THE SITUATION ON ITS BORDER WITH CHINA HAS BECOME VERY TENSE. ITALY'S PRIME MINISTER HAS EXPRESSED SUPPORT FOR AMERICA'S MISSILE - DEFENSE RESEARCH PROGRAM AFTER MEETING PRESIDENT REAGAN. IRANIAN ARTILLERY HAS BOMBARDED THE IRAQI CITY OF BASRA. LIBYAN LEADER MUAMMAR GADDAFI HAS CRITICIZED ROMANIA'S RELATIONS WITH ISRAEL. AFGHANISTAN'S DEPUTY DEFENSE MINSTER HAS PUBLICLY ACKNOWLEDGED THE RESISTANCE CONTROLS PARTS OF THE COUNTRY. PARIS-BASED SOLIDARITY OFFICIAL SEWERYN BLUMSZTAJN HAS ACCUSED THE POLISH REGIME OF A SLANDER CAMPAIGN. WEST GERMAN FOREIGN MINISTER HANS-DIETRICH GENSCHER IS ABOUT TO MAKE A BRIEF VISIT TO WARSAW. TURKEY HAS SENT ANOTHER DIPLOMATIC NOTE TO BULGARIA OVER ALLEGED REPRESSION OF ETHNIC. TURKS. AUSTRIA HAS WELCOMED RECENT CZECHOSLOVAK MOVES TO IMPROVE BILATERAL TIES. BRITAIN HAS CHALLENGED THE SOVIETS TO EXPLAIN THEIR PROPOSALS ON ADVANCE NOTIFICATION OF MILITARY MANEUVERS. ISRAEL HAS ACCUSED THE BEIRUT GOVERNMENT OF INCITING ATTACKS ON ISRAELI FORCES IN SOUTHERN LEBANON. MORE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED IN VIOLENCE AS INDIA ENDED ITS STATE ELECTIONS. US VICE-PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH URGES ETHIOPIA TO LET FOOD RELIEF REACH REBEL-HELD AREAS. * HUNGARY'S FOREIGN MINISTER IS IN LONDON. THE WIFE AND SON OF IMPRISONED SOVIET JEWISH ACTIVIST IOSEF BEGUN ARE ON HUNGER STRIKE.

*) RL NEWS SERVICE DID NOT USE THIS ITEM. off Ll as alsa slim

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Wednesday, 6 March 1985 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 4:30) discussed the debate in Congress over the continued funding of the MX missile program, noting President Reagan's report to Congress linking the MX vote to the success of the Geneva arms control talks and citing comments by Representatives Jim Wright and Olympia Snowe to the effect that the Geneva talks are enhancing the chances that Congress will approve the administration's request to authorize funds to construct 21 additional MX missiles.

PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 4) discussed the views of some Pentagon officials who are urging the Administration to seek an extension of some provisions of the unratified SALT-II treaty at the upcoming arms control talks in Geneva, and cited the US government position on this issue as expressed on March 5 by spokesman Bernard Kalb. A CND report from Washington of March 5 was used.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Predtechevsky, M 6:30), commenting on the pictures of two Soviet officers on the front covers of Smena and Ogonek who were made Heroes of the Soviet Union for their performance in

Afghanistan, said that such "heroes" are at best 2

occupiers and oppressors, and most of them have hands stained with the blood of peaceful Afghan citizens.

3. The USSR, Iran, and Iraq. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 6), pegged to the tenth anniversary of the Iraqi-Iranian frontier agreement, traced the development of the USSR's policies toward Iran and Iraq, and concluded by observing that the USSR has miscalculated in its effort to apply pressure on Iran, which has given refuge to one-and-a -half million refugees, by starting to give military aid to Iraq. 4. USSR-France. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Salkazanova, P 5:30) reported on Renault's withdrawal from cooperation with the USSR in the construction of "Moskvich" autos because of the USSR's failure to honor its commitment to order equipment in France. The program noted a statement of protest in l'Humanite by the communist- dominated CGT trade union which spoke of the loss of thousands of jobs, and quoted Le Monde that there was in any case no guarantee that the Soviet commitment would be fulfilled. The program linked the USSR's attitude with its displeasure with several aspects of Frehch foreign policy.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 11 and Alexeyeva, NY 9) was devoted to the cases of two political prisoners confined in psychiatric hospitals; namely Alexander Skobov, a member of the free trade union SMOT's Council of Representatives, and Armenian Archdeacon Garnik Sarukyan. The program featured a samizdat biography of Skobov (AS-5393) and the profile of Tsarukyan (AS -5253), who, among other things, criticized the corruption at the higher levels of the Armenian Church hierarchy.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Troll, NY 5:30) discussed the courageous human rights activities of the late Soviet journalist ' Frida Vigdorova in connection with the 70th anniversary of her birth.

6. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Troll, NY 4:30) featured a reportage from a demonstration in front of the Soviet mission to the UN, with the participation of over one-hundred rabbis who protested the treatment of Jews in the USSR. The program presented voice cuts of a statement by Rabbi Avi Weiss who told his coreligionists in the USSR that they were not alone in their struggle, mentioned that this is the first time that such a large group of rabbis voluntarily submitted themselves to police arrest in solidarity with Soviet Jewry, and criticized the warm reception that was being given to Shcherbitsky in Congress and the administration's trade deals with the USSR while Soviet Jews were being subjected to various forms of oppression.

7. Non-Returnees. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Fistejn, M 3) reported on the case of Soviet pianist Andrey Gavrilov, who, while in Britain, asked the authorities for permission to stay there. The program S said Uavrilov is another name in the long list of Soviet musicians, many of the highest class, who have opted to continue their career in the West. Such occurrences constitute a biting comment on the entire Soviet system.

8. A Reading from Alliluyeva's Book. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29) featured a further installment of Svetlana Alliluyeva's Only One Year. RERUN material from 10 December 1969 and 5 November 1984 was used.

9. The Leadership. Noting Paul Nitze's remarks that Chernenko's state of health could influence Moscow's ability to make decisions at the Geneva arms control talks, PANORAMA (Silnitskaya, NY 5) cited articles in The Baltimore Sun (Pietilla) and The New York Times (Schmemann) commenting on the emergence of Gorbachev as the number two man in the Kremlin and the possible political directions of Soviet policy in the event that Gorbachev succeeds Chernenko. Both commentaries concluded that the USSR under Gorbachev would not be radically different in the immediate future.

10. The Soviet Defense Budget and Related Hidden Defense Costs. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Vains4tein, W 6:30) cited an article in The Christian Science Monitor (Foell) which explained the possible reasons behind the discrepancy between the CIA assessments of the Soviet military budget, focusing on the findings of prominent US economist Franklin Holzman concerning the hidden costs of Soviet defense; e. g., the Kremlin's huge agricultural subsidy burden for strategic reasons and the economically irrational overtrading with its East European client states. 11. Numismatics. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Arutyunyan, M 5), pegged to an exhibition of Russian and Soviet coins to take place in Munich this year, described the difficulties faced by coin collectors in the USSR, who are attacked in the press and harassed by the authorities.

12. Culture. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Dudyulin, M 4:30) reviewed a book by Prof. Lazar Fleishman of Jerusalem University on Pasternak.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Lovov, NY 9) reviewed Soviet writer Isaak Babel's play "Maria," in connection with the fiftieth anniversary of its publication in the journal Teatr i Dramaturgiya (Theater and Dramaturgy), aaldiscussed the tragic fate of its author who perished in Stalin's purges after his arrest in 1939.

RUSSIA, YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Suslov, W 2:30) reviewed a Soviet book by Tsvetan Todrov on Russian literary critic and thinker Mikhail Bakhtin published on the occasion of the 90th anniversary of his birth.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Paramonov, NY 8) reviewed the works of Mikhail Hershenson, who was described as one of the greatest scholars of Russian culture, noting his contribtuions to the anthology Vekhi and his perception of Slavophilism as expressed in his book Historical Notes. The program was pegged to the 60th anniversary of Hershenson's death.

RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Dedyulin, M 6:30) reviewed the latest yearbook of the Manuscript Department of the Institute of in Leningrad.

13. Religion. THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Benigsen, NY 4) continued a series explaining the "small words" recurring in the liturgy, this time focusing on the word "wisdom."

14. Stalin. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Muslin, NY 4) cited an article by The Chicago Tribune's Moscow correspondent, Tyner, on the ongoing campaign in the Soviet press to rehabilitate Stalin, which is gathering momentum as'the 40th anniversary of the end of World War II approaches.

15. History. RUSSIA YESTERDAY, TODAY, TOMORROW (Kublanovsky, P 7) featured the first part of a program devoted to the memoirs of Nikanor Savich, a deputy to the Third Duma, which were published in Grani recently. 5

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. PANORAMA (Peterson, M 6) noted the tremendous public displeasure over the drastic food price increases, which constitute a breach of promise by the authorities. The program cited Walesa's telephoned statement to Western correspondents in which he spoke of the need of better means of peaceful resistance. Reference was made to various protest actions and to the regime's, attacks against Western journalists and Solidarity representatives abroad, and its charges of Solidarity connections with foreign intelligence services. The program cited a Solidarity activist now living in Brussels, Pilarska, that the regime reacts particularly sharply against anyone active in the human rights sphere.

2. Bulgaria. HUMAN RIGHTS (Seitmuratova, NY 4), a RERUN from March 5, reported on a demonstration in New York, organized by American Turkish societies protesting against the forcible Bulgarization of the Turkish ethnic minority in Bulgaria. The program read the text of a State Department letter to the above organizations expressing deep concern over the Bulgarian campaign forcing the Turkish minority to assume Bulgarian names.

3. The PRC. HUMAN RIGHTS (Shilaeff, NY 9) commented on the unethical standards employed in China's "one couple, one child" campaign to limit the country's population, especially the authorities' openly coercive and brutal drive on mandatory abortions, sterilization, induced stillbirth, and the strangling of new-born girls.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. East-West Relations. PANORAMA (PredtechevskY, M 5:30), in a further report on the CDE conference in Stockholm, spoke of renewed insistance by the Soviet and Polish delegates on a special treaty, on the non-use of force in international relations, a project rejected by the West; the failure of the USSR to make detailed proposals on the advance notice of military maneuvers; and East-West differences over whether to count military forces by number of men or number of divisions. So far, said the program, the practical results of the conference have been nil. 2. US Vice-President George Bush's Visit to Drought and Hunger-Stricken African Countries. WORLD TODAY (Polishchuk, W 4) highlighted Bush's statement in Sudan pointing to, the need for a free agricultural market in the countries concerned. The program also noted generous US food and to Ethiopia, contrastin4 it with niggardly Soviet aid, and the virtual Soviet media silence on the famine in Africa.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5) said that religious belief opens a person's eyes to the timelessness of Man's problems.

THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Aksenpv-Meyerson, NY 9:30) continued an introduction to the Christian faith with a program on the wedding of Cana.

A talk for parents in THE WAY AND THE LIFE (Kulomzina, NY 12:30) was on how to talk to children about God.

WORLD TODAY (Fistejn, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the CDE conference in STockholm (Predtechevsky, M 5:30); the MX missile issue and the upcoming US -Soviet arms talks in Geneva (Tarasenkov, W 4:30); Soviet military spending (Weinstein, W 7); the US and SALT-2 (Muslin, NY 4); US press comment on Chernenko and Gorbachev (Silnitskaya, NY 6:30); the latest developments in Poland (Peterson, M 6); Renault's withdrawal from the "Moskvich" project (Salkazanova, P 6); Bush's visit to Africa (Polishchuk, W 4); and a demonstration by New York rabbis in support of Soviet Jews (Troll, NY 4:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the MX missile issue and the upcoming US -Soviet arms talks in Geneva (Tarasenkov, W 4:30); the USSR, Iran, and Iraq (Predtechevsky, M 6); Soviet military spending (Weinstein,. W 6:30); Renault's withdrawal from the "Moskvich" project (Salkazanova, P 5:30); and a demonstration by New York rabbis in support of Soviet Jews (Troll, NY 4:30).

1v/scnism/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 6 MARCH 1985:

PRESIDENT REAGAN SAID HE SEES REAL HOPE FOR PROGRESS IN THE US -SOVIET ARMS NEGOTIATIONS OPENING IN GENEVA NEXT TUESDAY. FOREIGN MINISTER HANS-DIETRICH GENSCHER SAID WEST GERMAN -POLISH RELATIONS ARE NOT AS BAD AS THEY SOMETIMES APPEAR. THE ISLAMIC CONFERENCE ORGANIZATION DENOUNCED WHAT IT CALLED THE HARASSMENT OF musLIm ETHNIC TURKS IN BULGARIA. THE STATE DEPARTMENT SAID THE US WILL SPEED MILITARY AID TO THAILAND FOLLOWING AN INCURSION BY VIETNAMESE TROOPS.

PRESIDENT REAGAN SAID HE REGRETS NEW ZEALAND'S POLICY OF BANNING NUCLEAR-POWERED OR NUCLEAR -ARMED WARSHIPS-FROM ITS PORTS. ROMANIA URGED THE STOCKHOLM SECURITY CONFERENCE TO START NEGOTIATIONS AND REACH A FRAMEWORK ACCORD BY YEAR'S END. THE NORWEGIAN COURT TRYING FORMER DlPLOMAT ARNE TREHOLT FOR SPYING DECIDED TO HOLD FUTURE SESSIONS BEHIND cLosEp DOORS. * VICE-PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH SAID THE US WILL DO ITS BEST TO HELP SUDAN OVERCOME A FOOD SHORTAGE. .

UN SECRETARY-GENERAL JAVIER PEREZ DE CUELLAR APPEALED 70 IRAN AND IRAQ TO STOP ATTACKING CIVILIAN TARGETS._ FOREIGN SECRETARY GEOFFREY.HOWE TOLD HUNGARIAWFOREIGN MINISTER PETER VARKONYI THAT LONDON WANTS BETTER LINKS WITH EAST EUROPE. ** AN UNDERGROUND SOLIDARITY NEWSPAPER SAID A POLISH PRIEST'S CAR WAS THE TARGET OF A STONING FEBRUARY 24. GOVERNMENT-BACKED UNIONS IN POLAND RENEWED THEIR CRITICISM OF PRICE INCREASES.

*) RL NEWS SERVICE DID NOT USE THIS ITEM. **) THE HUNGARIAN BD DID NOT USE THIS ITEM. Dior rag isa az asa

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Thursday, 7 March 1985 D. Felton and E. Romano

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 5:30) discussed the results of Politburo member Shcherbitaw's and his delegation's talks with US Congressmen, citing Press conference statements by Shcherbitsky and the Chairman of the US host committee, Congressman Thomas Foley, both of whom described the discussions as frank and sometimes difficult. Foley noted that US legislators raised the question of Afghanistan and human rights, and the program commented on the US requirements for granting MFN trade status in connection with Soviet delegation member Stukhalin's call on the US to abandon its policy of sanctions and discriminatory trade practices against the USSR. Shcherbitsky's remark that the USSR would strengthen its strategic weapons system if the US develops its space-based missile defense system was noted.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA (Bensi, W 4:30), based on a CND report from Munich, commented on the public admission by Afghanistan's deputy defense minister that the Karmal regime was not in full control of the country; discussed the statement by Senator Gordon Humphrey, Chairman of the Congressional Task Force for Afghanistan, that starvation was one of the newest

2

tactics in the USSR's strategy for conquering Afghanistan; and mentioned the findings of a report prepared for the UN Human Rights Commission which charged the Karmal regime with practicing torture and with holding about 50,000 political prisoners.

3. USSR-Vatican. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Rahr, M 10), a RERUN from March 5, commented on Gromyko's visit to the Vatican.

4. A Reading from Alliluyeva's Book. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30) featured further excerpts from Svetlana Alliluyeva's Only One Year. The program included RERUN material from 7 November 1984 and 10 and 12 December 1969.

5. Women's Rights. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Matusevich, M 20), a RERUN from 8 March 1984 pegged to International Women's Day, was devoted to a collection of 30 interviews with Soviet women, published in Sweden, which testify to the discrepancies between official Soviet claims about the emancipation of women in the USSR and reality.

6. Culture. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, L 4:30) discussed the decision of the celebrated Soviet pianist Andrey Gavrilov to remain in Britain for one year against the background of the Soviet "brain drain" in the arts because of artistic restrictions, stifling cultural conformity, and bans on foreign travel and concert tours.

CULTURE, FATES, TIME (V. Betaki, P 18:30) reviewed a collection of poems and songs by recently published in Moscow. The program noted the omission of Okudzhava's most talented and controversial pieces, and included recordings of three of his songs not included in the collection.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 3:30 and Panich, M 17),.a RERUN from January 28, cited and commented on a samizdat analysis of the work of veteran Soviet writer Valentin Katayev by "M. Bolkhovskoy" (AS -4412), who focused on Katayev's view of Soviet history. 3

7. Chess. PANORAMA (Rubin, NY 5:30) reported on FIDE President Campomanes' interview with a TASS correspondent in Moscow in which he said he would press for a strict limitation of the number of matches in a world chess championship. The program noted continued world press comment on the breaking off of the Karpov-Kasparov contest. The general opinion is that the Soviet leadership acted to save Karpov from defeat. Commentaries in The Journal of Commerce, The Washington Post, and The New York Times was quoted.

8. Religion. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 9:30), a RERUN from March 5, featured the first pert of a report on a conference held in January in the US on religious persecution in the USSR.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. The Warsaw Pact. PANORAMA (Muslin, NY 3:30) drew attention to an interview given by Hungarian Deputy Foreign Minister Istvan Roska to Nepszava, reprinted in Neues Deutschland, in which he described the Warsaw Pact as "constructive cooperation among sovereign states." Observers report that there is a challenge to the so-called "Brezhnev Doctrine" and differences among the Warsaw Pact countries regarding the prolongation of the pact. It was noted that The New York Times Bonn correspondent James Markham cited RFEI;s Vladimir Kusin that the main problem lies not so much in the prolongation of the pact as with such questions as extravagant maneuvet expenses.

2. The GDR. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev,_M 2) gave the substance of a letter addressed to Honecker by young GDR citizens on the occasion of International Youth Year in which they demand that the GDR government respect such human rights as the freedom of parents to bring up their children in accordance with their own convictions, the right to seek, receive and impart information, freedom of association, etc.

3. Yugoslavia. In HUMAN RIGHTS (Kaminskaya, W 7) a former Moscow defense lawyer commented on the sentences passed in the recent trial of Yugoslav dissidents in Belgrade, saying that while the comparative mildness, of the sentences gives cause for relief, by normal legal standards all the accused should have been acquitted: The US press was quoted on the increasingly repressive policy of the Yugoslav regime.

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. East-West Relations. PANORAMA (Fistejn, M 6:30) cited commentaries in Le Figaro, Le Quotidien de Paris, and Le Soir on French Foreign Minister Dumas' upcoming visit to Moscow, Genscher's visit to Moscow, Warsaw, and Sofia, FRG-GDR contacts, and the upcoming US -Soviet arms control talks, in Geneva.

2. The US. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 4) discussed the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings on the US ratification of the Genocide Convention, mentioning testimonies arguing in defense of ratification by Elliott Abrams and legal experts from the State Department and the Justice Department. Also cited were proposals made at the hearings by Senator Richard Lugar, the Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.

3. The US and Italy. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Bensi, M 6) reported on Craxi's visit to the US, noting his support for, all the main points of US foreign policy, in particular the SDI.

4. The US and Israel. PANORAMA (Weinstein, W 5:30), discussed the terms of the Reagan Administration's proposed free trade agreement with Israel which calls for the elimination of "all tariffs between the two countries by 1995. It was noted that once it wins Congressional approval, it will be the first free trade agreement the US has negotiated with any nation.

5. France. HUMAN RIGHTS (Freydkin, M 5:30) commented on a recent article in Sovetskaya Belorussiya depicting the allegedly miserable plight of the unemployed in France. The program gave a few facts and figures on the generous unemployment benefits in that country.

6. Democracy. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 1 and Yudovich, M 2) explained what democracy is and how it differs from a dictatorship.

5

DEMOCRACY IN ACTION (Shragin, NY 9; Sezeman, P 9; and Velberg, NY 9) was entirely devoted to the functioning of the police authorities in democratic societies. The program stressed that in democratic countries the police force has no political pwers or functions, that it is organized in such a way that it is under permanent surveillance by democratic institutions and public opinion, and that whereas in Europe the police tend to be centralized, in the US there is complete decentralization. The program focused on the foundations of the British police system laid down in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel, discussed police functions, powers, and relationships with citizens in France and the US, and explained, giving illustrations, the role of the independent press in guaranteeing that citizens are protected against police mistakes, brutality, and unethical practices. In a related development, the program discussed the case of the late petty criminal Clarence Gideon who brought about the 1963 Supreme Court decision guaranteeing legal defense, free of charge, to all those charged with a serious crime who cannot afford to pay for a lawyer.

7. Freedom of the Press. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 6:30) gave the gist of the report delivered by the Director of the International Press Institute, Peter Galliner, at the Institute's conference in Cairo in which he outlined the world situation regarding freedom of the press, which he said has deteriorated. A Munich CND report of March 5 was used.

8. International Youth Year. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev, M 2) cited from De Cuellar's message on the occasion of International Youth Year.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. RELIGION IN THE MODERN WORLD (Fotiyev, M 8), a RERUN from March 5, gave a roundup of the pope's visit to Latin America, noting the issue of the "theology of liberation."

6

SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 17 March 1984, was about the meaning of fasting.

WORLD TODAY (Belotserkovsky, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the Afghan situation (Bensi, W 4:30); the Karpov-Kasparov affair (Rubin, NY 5:30), Soviet pianist Andrey Gavrilov's decision to stay in Britain for one year (Matusevich, L 4:30); the International Press Institute's reports on freedom of the press throughout the world (Predtechevsky, M 5:30); the proposed US -Israeli trade agreement (Weinstein, W 5:30); differences within the Warsaw Pact (Muslin, NY 3:30); Craxi's visit to the US (Bensi, W 5:30); and the role of the independent press in protecting the public against police excesses (Velberg, NY 5).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the decision of Soviet pianist Andrey Gavrilov to stay one year in Britain (Matusevich, L 4:30); the USSR Supreme Soviet delegation's visit to the US (Tarasenkov, W 5:30); Craxi's visit to the US (Bensi, W 6); the US Senate debate on a convention against genocide (Silnitskaya, NY A); and the International Press Institute's report on freedom of the press throughout the world. sm/SL nu an II SIMI

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian -language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation) Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Friday, 8 March 1985 D. Felton, E. Romano, and J. Riollot

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL: 1. Soviet-US Relations. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 6:30) ! ; discussed the latest statements by Soviet representatives concerning SDI. The program began by noting that on NBC TV Soviet journalist Vitaly Kobysh on the one hand belittled the effectiveness of SDI, and on the other described it as being aimed at gaining military superiority over the USSR. As regards Kobysh's claim that the USSR could create a much cheaper system, the program remarked that President Reagan has welcomed the idea of both superpowers possessing such a system.' It was also noted that while Shcherbitsky also said the USSR would react to SDI by strengthening its missile defense systems, Colonel-General Chervov spoke of perfecting the USSR's strategic offensive weapons. If Chervov and ShcheAtbitsky were honest, the program concluded, they would admit that the USSR has realized it could not keep upT4th the US in creating an anti- missile system. 2

of Afghanistan. PANORAMA 2. The Soviet Occupation to the recentiadmission (Bensi, M 4:30) drew attention Nabi Azimi that the Afghan Deputy Defense Minister by major .part of the partisans were in control, of the referred,to the reports country. The program also commission and the UN a special US congressional by rights violations rights commission on human human "scorched-earthm in Afghanistan and the Soviet of March 6 was used. tactics. A Munich CND report March 7. The program was a RERUN from (Kruzhin, M 6) JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION RADIO given by the on the prominent mention commented senior sergeant press to 20 officers and one Soviet of the Soviet awarded the title of Hero first class "international duty" Union for fulfilling their said a breakdown of the in Afghanistan. The program of the fighting is 21, suggests that the main burden and flight personnel, being borneby paratroopers , not so much to =mond an that commanders are having personal courage. as to inspire their men by of officers and men The apparently high proportion is not reflected from the Soviet Muslim republics awards, and no the Hero of the Soviet Union in Those who returned to ,private received the award. RLR paper was used. the USSR were promoted. An highlighted a report PANORAMA (Polishchuk, W 4:30) International on the use the US branch of Amnesty by of torture by Afghan authorities. Europe. EAST EUROPEAN . The USSR and Eastern 3. the gist of a paper (A Suslov, W 8) gave JOURNAL Union and its East relations between the Soviet on presented by Prof. Charles European communist partners a recent symposium at of Columbia University at Getty Georgetown University iri Washington.

JOURNAL Soviet Empire. RADIO 4. The Cost of the and (Krasin, NY 7:30) cited facts ON THE SOVIET UNION Corporation study on the cost figures from aRand and expanding its empire. to the USSR of maintaining costs have reached The study concludes that these expansion of the a level such that the further for economic reasons Soviet empire seems improbable alone. 3

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Roitman, M 1) noted an announcement by the wife of imprisoned Jewish activist Iosif Begun that she and her son are starting a hunger etrike in protest of an action by prison authorities banning Begun from corresponding with his family.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Roitman, M 0:30) reported that the wives of eight imprisoned Jewish activists gave Western correspondents in Moscow details about the"hard lot of Soviet refuseniks and their families. HUMAN RIGHTS (Fedoseyev and Freydkin, M 4 and 5) began by commenting on ,a TASS report published in Pravda of February 27 to the effect that the Soviet Anti-Zionist Committee had expressed its "extreme concern" to the US Congress over 715 cases of anti- Semitism which according to Al' had occurred in the US in 1984. The program said it is good that the Soviet public is showing such concern over human rights violations in another country, just as the world public is concerned over sundry human rights violations in the USSR. Furthermore, the Committee would find more than sufficient material for "extreme concern" as regards anti- Semitism in the USSR itself. The program spoke of the absurdity of the Committee's charge of anti-Semitism in the US, .a country where all ethnic groups have all possible opportunities for development, and pointed to the USSR's long record of anti-Semitism.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Simis, W 4) reported on a recent New York press conference by the National Conference on Soviet Jewry which discussed the exceptionally difficult year that Soviet Jews experienced in 1984, with an increase in cultural and religious repression and a virtual halt in Soviet-Jewish emigration.

JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE ('Roitman, M 1) briefly mentioned that 120 rabbis. took part in New York demonstration protesting against the harsh treatment of Jews in the USSR. 4

In CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Dovlatov, NY 6:30), a RERUN from February 14, emigre writer Sergei Dovlatov recalled his meeting in the late 1960s with , who wrote of A Steep Road in which she described her 18 years in Stalin's prisons and camps. The program was pegged to the reprinting of Ginzburg's book, with a foreword by her son Vasily Aksenov, by the New York- based "Effect" publishing house.

6. Alliluyeva. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29) featured a further installment of Svetlana Alliluyeva's Only One Year. RERUN material from 5 November 1984 and 12 and 14 December .1969 was used.

7. The Economy. PANORAMA (Chianurov, M 5) cited the section of an article by Monty Johnstone in the British communist weekly Marxism Today on the economic slowdown of the USSR and other socialist countries following the promises made a quarter of a century ago. As a result, the socialist countries have lost their attractiveness for workers in capitalist countries.

8. The Workers. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Oganessian, M 6) commented on an article in,the Armenian journal Sovetakan, Mankavarzh (Soviet Teacher) on how tewherg should try and instill into schoolchildren a love of manual professions. The program asked how such propaganda can be effective in view of Soviet workers' arduous working conditions, low pay, and lack of rights, and described as badly off thern mark the reference to the starving unemployed in capitalist countries.

9. Society, CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Voinovigh, M 12), a RERUN from 2 December 1983, featured a reading by emigre Russian writer of a humorous story of his illustrating how in the USSR ordinary non-party people generally work much better than communists rewarded for an allegedly superior performance. 4

5

10. The Nationalities. PANORAMA (Silnitskaya, NY 4) reported on the debate in a special UN commission on reports submitted by the USSR on the observance in the USSR of the international convention against racial discrimination. The program cited commission members on continued official discrimination against Jews and an emigration procedures and the replies given by Soviet representative Lukyanovich.

6

11. Oleg Bitov. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, L 6) reported on the Literaturnaya Gazeta journalist's latest claim that he was abducted by the British intelligence service in order to be used as a witness for the prosecution at the trial of persons involved in the papal assassination attempt, and his change of heart regarding the 40,000 pounds sterling in his London bank account, most of which he received for writing anti-Soviet articles for The Sunday Telegraph, and which he now wants transferred to Moscow. The program said these latest developments are widely regarded as confirming the theory that Bitov's defection to Britain was engineered by the KGB.

12. Literature; DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyev and Panich, M 20:30), a RERUN from January 29, continued to review the samizdat article entitled "Katayev and the Revolution" (AS -4412) by M. Bolkhovskoy. The article commented on a story by Katayev entitled "Werther Has Already Been Written" published in the literary journal Novy Mir in 1980.

13. Religion: JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Sirotin, NY 12:30) featured an in-depth review of the US documentary film "A Candle in the Wind," describing the struggle for religious freedom by Soviet Christians, Muslims and Jews since the Bolshevik takeover.

THE MILLEYND310F THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 9:30) featured the 17th installment of a series on Russian church music. THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Rahr, M 8:30) featured the eighthinstallment of Prince Eugene Troubetskoy's Two Worlds in Old Russian Icon Painting published in 1916.

THE MILLENNIUM OF THE CHRISTIANIZATION OF RUSSIA (Shmeman, AY 9), a RERUN from 18 November 1978, included a further program in a series by the late Father Shmeman on Russian writers and religion, this time dealing with Tolstoy.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Bensi, W 8) dealt with the Polish government's decision to increase prices, Solidarity's reaction and the official trade unions' 7

joining the protest action. The program included an interview with emigre Polish journalist Jerzy Bajer, made who formerly worked for Warsaw radio, in which he the point that the decision of the official unions to join the protest action was agreed upon with the authorities and aimed at improving the image of the unions by showing that they were also capable of fighting for the interests of the workers.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Panich, M 5:30) drew attention to a report in the latest issue of the Italian weekly Prospettive del Mundo listing the names of 76 Poles abducted, missing or killed since Jaruzelski's assumption of office. The program noted that these state crimes are being kept a state secret.

HUMAN RIGHTS (Deya, M 6) cited an interview given

by Solidarity activist Bogdan Lis to an underground Solidarity publication in which he described the harsh conditions of his imprisonment, and the constant surveillance to which he is now subjected.

2. Czechoslovakia. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Silnitsky, NY 8) presented excerpts from a statement issued by Charter 77 activists on the occasion of the 8th anniversary of the charter.

3. Albania. EAST EUROPEAN JOURNAL (Sirotin, for NY5) noted an article in Zen i i Popullit confirming commit the first time that Albanian Premier-Shehu did not suicide in 1981, as the official version claimed at the time, but was liquidated as a "foreign agent."

The official version was received at the time with skepticism.

4. The People's Republic of China (PRC). EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Polishchuk, W 4:30) cited US scholars on the rapid economic growth of the PRC (three times that of the USSR) as a result of measures initiated by Deng Xiaoping to decentralize and democratize economic management, something the Soviet leadership is afraid to do. The implications of the PRC's economic upswing for both East and West were noted. 8

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. US -Latin America. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Muslin, NY 3:30) cited extensively from Secretary of State Shultz' speech before the Senate in which he spoke of the US contribution to the spread of democracy in Latin America, especially Central America, and the danger posed by Soviet-backed Nicaragua.

2. Ethiopia. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Weil, Copenhagen 5:30) reported on concern in Denmark and other Scandinavian countries over whether food aid to Ethiopia is always reaching the appropriate recipients.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES: 1. The Jewish Holiday Purim was celebrated in JEWISH CULTURAL AND SOCIAL LIFE (Sirotin, NY 8) with an explanation of the events chronicled in the Book of Esther about the deliverance of the Jewish people throughout the Persian empire from a plot against the Jews hatched by King Ahasueros' chief minister Haman. A parallel was drawn between Haman and Stalin who died before he was able to implement his plan of harsher repressions against the Jews in the wake of the "doctors' plot."

SPIRITUAL. TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 10 September 1984, was about Christ's parable of the sower.

WORLD TODAY (Machlis, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: Soviet statements on SDI (Predtechevsky, M 5); a report by the US branch of Amnesty International on the use of torture by Afghan authorities (Polishchuk, W 4:30); the awarding of the title of Hero of the Soviet Union to 21 soldiers for service in Afghanistan (Kruzhin, M 4:30); state anti-Semitism in the USSR (Freydkin and Fedoseyev, M 5 ( and 3:30); racial discrimination in the USSR (Silnitskaya, NY 4); Shultz on the US contribution to the spread of democracy in Latin America (Muslin, NY 3:30); an article in the British communist Marxism Today on the economic slowdown in the USSR (Chianurov, M 5); the abduction and murder of Polish citizens under Jaruzelski (Panich, M 5:30); And the latest developments in the Oleg Bitov affair (Matusevich, L 6). 9

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: Shultz on the US contribution to the spread of democracy in Latin America (Muslin, NY 3:30); the famine in Ethiopia (Wejl, Copenhagen 5:30); the PRC's econcutic upswing (Polishchuk, W 4:30); Soviet statements on SDI (Predtechevsky, M 6:30); and the latest developments in the Oleg Bitov affair (Matusevich, L 6).

scn/sm/DL

NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 8 MARCH 1985:

WESTERN REPORTS SAID .10 SOLIDARITY ACTIVISTS APPEARED BEFORE A STATE PROSECUTOR FOR QUESTIONING ABOUT THEIR TIES WITH LECH WALESA. WEST GERMAN FOREIGN MINISTER HANSDIETRICH GENSCHER ENDED A TWODAY VISIT TO BULGARIA.. S PRESIDENT REAGAN SAID THE ARMS TALKS BEGINNING TUESDAY WITH THE .SOVIETS IN GENEVA WILL BE LONG AND DIFFICULT. THE CHIEF US DELEGATE TO THE UN HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION EXPRESSED CONCERN ABOUT THE INCREASED VIRULENCE OF.SOVIET ANTISEMITISM. AN INTERNATIONAL LEGAL EXPERT DEFENDED A REPORT PUBLISHED LAST WEEK DETAILING HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS IN -AFGHANISTAN. THE SOVIET UNION AND ITS ALLIES AT THE STOCKHOLM SECURITY CONFERENCE RAISED PROCEDURAL OBJECTIONS TO A NEW NATO DOCUMENT.. RESCUE WORKERS WERE DIGGING .THROUGH RUBBLE IN A BEIRUT SUBURB WHERE A CAR BOMB KILLED AT LEAST 53 PEOPLE AND WOUNDED ABOUT 170.- -THE FRENCHbGOVERNMENT WARNED AGAINST HASTY.ATTEMPTS TO ARRANGE A LASTING MIDEAST PEACE-. IRAN AND IRAQ SAID HUNDREDS MORE CIVILIANS DIED TODAY IN THE LATEST ROUND OF ATTACKS ON TOWNS IN BOTH COUNTRIES. VIETNAMESE FORCES CONTINUED A MASSIVE ASSAULT ON THE LAST MAJOR CAMBODIAN RESISTANCE BASE ON THE THAICAMBODIAN BORDER. OM OEM SE pi. 146 SSE Ms ESEN

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Saturday, 9 March 1985 Romano, Riollot, Mardirossian, Felton

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Soviet-US Relations. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 6) noted that the Soviet Union intends to firmly oppose President Reagan's SDI program at the US-Soviet arms control talks in Geneva, but remains silent about its own similar program including space-based weapons systems, improved anti-aircraft ground-to-air missiles, giant radar installations.

2. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. WORLD HEALTH AND MEDICINE (Muslin, NY ) discussed the part of the New York-based Helsinki Watch report on human rights violations in Afghanistan which dealt with the desperate medical situation in the country and the refusal of the Kabul regime to allow International Red Cross personnel to operate in Afghanistan.

In RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Raivicher, M 8:30) a former Soviet military doctor imagined the hard and dangerous life of Soviet soldiers in Afghanistan who have to cope not only with an unfamiliar, mountainous terrain but with poor organization and medical facilities. 2

SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 2) cited a recent article in the Chinese English-language journal Peking Review rebuking Soviet propaganda assertions that China and the United States are whipping up war in Afghanistan. The Chinese paper gave figures on Afghan losses since the Soviet invasion.

3. Soviet Imperialism. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET Union (Avtorkhanov, M 8) began a new series by Abdurakham Avtorkhanov entitled "From the Prelude to the Epilogue of World War II." The first program in the series showed how Soviet imperialism entered a new phase of expansion from 1939 on, after concluding a pact with Hitler, despite Western warnings that Nazi Germany was likely to turn against the USSR. The beginning of the series was pegged to the 40th anniversary of the end of the war and of Soviet domination of Eastern Europe.

4. Soviet-Finnish Peace Treaty. SIGNAL (Churakov, NY 6) pegged to the 45th anniversary of the signing of the Soviet-Finnish peace treaty, recalled how the Soviet Union invaded Finland on the last day of November 1939 and pointed to the difficulty of the Soviet victory and the heavy losses suffered by the Red Army.

5. Chernenko. FORTUNES OF SIBERIA (Dotzenko, NY 10) featured an article written by 90-year-old Pavel Dotzenko providing details about Chernenko's youth in Siberia, not mentioned in the Secretary General's official biography. Pavel Dotzenko, who has been living in the US since 1921, was appointed in 1918 as the representative of the Provisional Government of Autonomous Siberia in Eniseiskaya Gubernia, the region where Chernenko was born. Dotzenko is also the author of the book The Fight for Democracy in Siberia, published in the US in 1983.

6. The Leadership. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Birman, W 4,, commented on the recent Union Republic Supreme Soviet elections, drew attention to-the election of ten top KGB men to the RSFSR Supreme Soviet. The program suggested that this was a reward to the KGB for loyal service. 3

7. Dissidents and Human Rights. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Silnitskaya, NY 3) gave the gist of an article in The Christian Science Monitor about the samizdat periodical The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in the Ukraine.

WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Vishnevskaya, M 6) read a RLR Research Report (RL 38/85) of February 25 dealing with the case of Boris MitYashin who was recently sentenced to five years in labor camps on charges of anti-Soviet agitation and propaganda. The program profiled him as a human and workers' rights activist.

DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva and Panich, M 20:30), a RERUN from 4 February 1985, continued to review and excerpt the samizdat article entitled "Katayev and the Revolution" (AS-4412) by M. Bolkhovsky, Which criticizes Katayev's conformism and his distorted view of the revolution.

8. Siberia. THE FORTUNES OF SIBERIA (R. Dudin, NY 8) discussed the serious infrastructure problems in many regions of Siberia, noting it will be a very long time until Siberia will be ready to play a key role in Soviet economic life. Professor Boris Komarov's book The Destruction of Nature was cited. ,

THE FORTUNES OF SIBERIA (Nikolayev, M 7) commented on a number of contradictions and propagandistic argumentations about the marked improvement in the life styles of the Khanty and Mansi minorities in Siberia after the revolution, contained in Soviet ethnographer Zoya Sokolovalis book series entitled Stories about the Nations of the USSR.

9. Agriculture. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Levina, M 5:30) commented on an article in the Belorussian newspaper Zvyazda on the large number of accidents involving tractors and other agricultural machines on the republics' farm roads. The reasons, said the program, is that kolkhoz workers, not having access to cars or horses (the latter having been commandeered by the kolkhoz administration), have resorted to using tractors as a means of personal transport. 4

WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Shuster, M 9) read an article by emigre journalist Savik Shuster in the Paris -based Russian-language newspaper Russkaya Mysl of February 14 entitled "The Problems of Soviet Agriculture." The program discussed China's agricultural reforms and "open-door" policy, reviewed and commented on Soviet "social-psychologists" Zotova's, Novilov's and Shorokhova's book "The Peculiarities of the Peasant Psychology" which was published in 1983. Shuster concluded that the Soviet leadership does not seriously cope with agricultural crisis or the dying out of the village because of Soviet power's earlier intention of exterminating the peasantry and its deep-rooted traditions. He added that the Soviet Union relies on capitalist countries in order to secure its subsistence.

10. Housing. An item in RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Freydkin, M 4:30) was about the catastrophic housing shortage in the Belorussian city of Vitebsk. The program was pegged to an article in Sovetskaya Belorussiya.

11. Health Care. In WORLD HEALTH AND MEDICINE (Raivicher, M ) an emigre Soviet physician who until a few years ago worked in the emergency room of a Leningrad hospital, described the problems he encountered while making emergency house calls on heart patients. He pointed out that the poor organization of emergency medical aid in the USSR is the main factor behind the increased fatality rate among heart patients.

12. The Emigration. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Nekrasov, P 5) talked about Russian-language emigre journal Mir (Peace) published in Philadelphia under the editorship of Yosif Vinokurov. The program was pegged to the 10th anniversary of the foundation of the journal which was first published in Israel under the title Shalom and then moved to the US where it continued to appear under its present Russian name.

13. Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Aksenov, W 13) presented the first program in a new series by emigre Russian writer Vasily Aksenov entitled "Reflections on the State of Modern Literature: in the Vanguard Without Back-Up." The author tried in this first program to define what vanguard means, and in so doing disagreed with the views of Russian poet Naum Korzhavin's views on this question. 5

14. Military. SIGNAL (Palanov, M 8) read excerpts from an article by Palanov in the Frankfurt-based, Russian-language journal Possev devoted to military- patriotic training at schools in the Soviet Union, _whose major expression is the preparation and conducting of various all -union military and sporting competitions for school -children. The program discussed the competitions and pointed to the danger of militarization of the Soviet educational system which is going to be an element of the Soviet military buildup and its aggressive policy stances. The program also quoted an anti-war poem from the 11 December 1982 issue of Uchitelskaya Gazeta and its criticism in the 13 February 1983 issue of Krasnaya Zvezda. The Service was pegged to a Komsomolskaya Pravda report of February 26, according to whicha Soviet teacher was killed when a hand-grenade used in a classroom exercise exploded. SIGNAL (Pmdtxchevsky, M 1), based on a dispatch in the Japanese daily Sankey of March 1, reported a Soviet bomber crash. The Soviet bomber which belonged to the Soviet navy crashed 500 kilometers southeast of the Soviet naval and air base at CantRahn bay.

15. A Soviet-West German Conference on History, which took place in Leningrad in 1975 was recalled by'SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 2). The program discussed a letter by the Association of West German Historians which said that the Soviet Union did not keep its promise to publish the West German lectures which were delivered at the conference. The subjects were: the Soviet-German treaty of Rapallo; cooperation between the Reichswehr and the Red Army; Soviet policy toward German social -democrats on the eve of the seizure of power by Hitler; and, the partition of Poland between :the Soviet Union and Germany in 1939.

16. A Reading from Svetlana Alliluyeva's Book "Only One Year" was featured in FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30), a RERUN from 16 and 18 December 1969.

17. Religion. SUNDAY MASS (Rahr and Kholodnaya, M and NY 54:30) presented a Russian Orthodox religious service. 6

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Poland. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Milevski, Belotserkovsky, M 8) carried an interview with Milevski, Director of the Brussels -based Solidarity TKK abroad. Milevski answered questions about the cost of living in Poland after the food price hikes, the government's order , to implement the price changes gradually, the cancellation of a 15 -minute nationwide strike to protest the government's decision, plans to lengthen the workday, the workers' resistance, and the fund for private farmers. Milevski outlined his concept of victory: the restoration of the Gdansk agreements and Solidarity's legal statute, the recognition of the right to strike, as well as self -management. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Belotserkovsky, M 4:30) read excerpts from an article by the Mazowsze region Solidarity's underground committee, the Russian translation of which was published in the Paris -based Russian -language newspaper Russkaya Mysl of February -28 commenting, in detail, on government plans to lengthen the work week in stark contrast with an earlier decision of the government and the Polish constitution which stipulates an eight-hour workday.

2. Protests Against Military Training in the GDR and Yugoslavia. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 4) reported on the young generation's protest against military training in East Germany and Yugoslavia. Several hundred East German youth sent an open letter to Honecker asking for more political rights and liberties, including the right to refuse military service. In Yugoslavia the Slovenian young communist organization published a protest against government plans for a military parade in Belgrade to celebrate the 40th anniversary of Victory Day. The program also discussed the Soviet-East German annual military brotherhood week and noted that East German soldiers, and officers are reluctant to adopt Soviet military weapons and military strategy and tactics. 7

3. Ethiopia and Communism's Use of Hunger as a Political Weapon. SPECIAL BROADCAST (Kushev, M 24) discussed _the famine in Ethiopia against the background of the Mengistu Marxist government's mismanagement of the country's agricultural economy aryl its use of the international relief effort as a political weapon in the civil war raging in the country. The program gave historical facts about the Bolshevik's use of hunger as a political weapon, especially in Siberia and the Volga regions in 1921 and in the Ukraine in 1932-34. The program cited a recent report by the international association offood industry workers which described the famine in Ethiopia as a "political crime" and accused the USSR of sending guns instead of food to Ethiopia thereby ordering its client state to beg for food from Western countries. The report , noted that while the US pledged to supply 312,000 tons of food this year to eliminate the hunger in Ethiopia, the USSR supplied only 4,000 tons of food products to the entire African continent last year.

4. Cambodia. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 2) reported on the Vietnamese artillery, attack against the military headquarters of Cambodian resistance and coalition government leader Prince Sihanouk last week. Current and possible tactics of the Vietnamese occupation army and Cambodian resistance forces were discussed. Vietnamese superior firepower cannot solve the military and political problems Vietnam faces in Cambodia, the program concluded.

8

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

None

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON- COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Artificial Heart Implant. WORLD HEALTH AND MEDICINE (Gleizer, NY 7) discussed the physical condition of William Schroeder and Murray Hayden, the world's only living artificial heart recipients. 2. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5), a RERUN from 22 July 1984, was devoted to the topic of man's spiritual weakness.

NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Rahr, M 12) read and commented on a passage from St. Mark's Gospel.

The Sunday Talk in NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Benigsen, NY 10) was on St. Gregor Palamas.

NOT BY BREAD ALONE (Aksenov-Meyerson, NY 7) continued the series "Through the Bible Step-by -Step" with a program on the Fall.

sm/scn/lv/DL

NEWS COVERAGE OF ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS 9 MARCH 1985:

SOLIDARITY'S UNDERGROUND LEADERSHIP ISSUED ASTATEMENT TODAY CALLING FOR NATIONAL PROTESTS UNLESS WAGES ARE INCREASED TO COMPENSATE FOR NEW PRICE HIKES.

PRESIDENT RONALD REAGAN HAS AGAIN URGED AMERICANS TO PRESS CONGRESS FOR APPROVAL OF FUNDS FOR THE M-X NUCLEAR MISSILE PROGRAM. . BEILIN, TODAY DENIED THE SPEAKER OF THE ISRAELI PARLIAMENT, YOSSI THAT ISRAEL WAS INVOLVED IN THE CAR BOMBING IN BEIRUT YESTERDAY THAT KILLED AT LEAST 75 PEOPLE. , WESTERN REPORTS SAY MEMBERS OF AN UNOFFICIAL SOVIET PEACE GROUP WERE DETAINED TODAY WHEN THEY TRIED TODEMONSTRATE IN MOSCOW.. MOST OF THE INTERIOR OF WARSAW'S HISTORIC NATIONAL THEATER WAS DESTROYED BY FIRE. US VICE PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH SAID TODAY THE UNITED STATES COULD NOT IGNORE FAMINE CONDITIONS IN AFRICA, BUT OTHER COUNTRIES MUST HELP ALSO. . IRANIAN LEADER AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI CALLED TODAY FOR CONTINUATION OF HIS COUNTRY'S WAR WITH IRAQ.. . 411 VIETNAMESE AND THAI FORCES CLASHED AGAIN TODAY INSIDE THAILAND AS THE VIETNAMESE CONTINUED AN ASSAULT ON THE LAST MAJOR RESISTANCE BASE ON THE THAI -CAMBODIAN BORDER. GREEK PRESIDENT CONSTANTINE KARAMANLIS, ANNOUNCED TODAY HE WILL NOT RUN. FOR RE-ELECTION AS HEAD OF STATE IN NEXT WEEK'S PRESIDENTIAL ' VOTE. EGYPTIAN PRESIDENT HOSNI MUBARAK ARRIVED IN WASHINGTON TODAY TO PROMOTE A NEW; MIDEAST PEACE PLAN. , FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER ROLAND DUMAS IS DUE TO ARRIVE IN MOSCOW TOMORROW FOR TALKS WITH SOVIET FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREI 6ROMYKO.

-E ba"sisipnz L 1 -

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for 10 March 1985 J.Riollot, E. Romano. and L. Mardirossian

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Chernenko. On Monday, March 11, at 12:03 CET, RL presented An OBITUARY (Tolz, M 39:30) providing a lengthy biography of Konstantin Chernenko.

At 12:43 CET, SPECIAL PROGRAM (Roitman and Paramonov, M and NY 20) examined the question of Chernenko's succession, noting that Gorbachev is the most likely contender for the post. The program featured an abridged translation of Serge schnenannis article in The New York Times which gave a profile of Gorbachev, describing him as personifying the new breed of Soviet leadership, and examined the question of whether he will prove ready and capable of introducing the badly needed economic and social reforms in Soviet society.

At 13:04 CET SPECIAL PROGRAM (Roitman and Bensi,' M 17) noted that Moscow Radio announced Chernenko's death after an 18 hour and 40 minutes delay and that speculation in the Western press about Chernenko's death became stronger when visiting Supreme Soviet delegations in the US and the FRG cut short their visits for unexplained reasons; The program

2:

presented a talk with RL correspondent Giovanni Bensi who just returned from Washington and noted that when Chernenko's already frail health started to deteriorate after his public appearance two weeks ago, there was a general concensus among US analysts that Gorbachev will replace Chernenko. US newspapers were full of speculation about the fate of the Geneva arms control talks and the possible changes in Soviet policies after Chernenko's departure from the political scene. Bensi pointed out that given the nature of the Soviet system, , he did not foresee any immediate radical changes in Soviet foreign policy in the event of Gorbachev's succession. He also expressed skepticism over the views conveyed to him by The Washington Post correspondent Gayelin that a new young leader like Gorbachev could put an end to the senseless war in Afghanistan.

At 13:21 CET, SPECIAL PROGRAM II (Roitman and Matusevich, M and L 11:30) presented a talk with RL's London correspondent who commented on the public relations impact of Gorbachev's recent visit in Britain and Stressed that although his relative youth and dynamism have generated a certain excitement, on foreign policy issues Gorbachev has not diverged one inch from standard Kremlin lines. The RL commentator expressed skepticism that Gorbachev could immediately succeed in breaking the colossal opposition to reforms of the privileged ruling class. He noted that although Prime Minister Thatcher expressed a liking for Gorbachev and is in the process of establishing a dialogue with the USSR and East Europe, the British leadership harbors no illusions about the very nature of the Soviet regime, the Soviet state, and its foreign policy aspirations and is convinced that the detente policy is fully and hopelessly. compromised.

At 14:10 CET, SPECIAL PROGRAM III (Roitman and Kroncher, M 20) was a discussion of Soviet economic problems facing the new General Secretary. The point was made that Soviet leadership is well aware of the situation (disastrous but not desperate), but also knows that its options are limited politically, committed as it is to maintaining the system. This leaves room for only piecemeal improvement but not for far-reaching reforms.

3

At 15:10 CET, SPECIAL PROGRAM IV (Roitman, Bensi, Matusevich, and Salkazanova, M, L, and P 29) was a partial RERUN of above-mentioned SPECIAL PROGRAMS I and II, plus a talk with RL's Paris correspondent Salkazanova who reported on the French reaction to Chernenko's death and on who may succeed him. The program mentioned the Soviet delay in announcing Chernenko's death and said that, according to a tradition going back to Khrushchev, Gorbachev is likely to succeed him after having been appointed chairman of the funeral commission.

SPECIAL PROGRAM (Roitman and Predtechevskv, M and Geneva 20) at 15:39 CET was an interview with RL's special correspondent at the Soviet-US arms talks in Geneva who was asked about the possible impact of Chernenko's death on the talks. The answer was that Chernenko was a transitional figure with little influence on the talks, the architect of which was Gromyko, and that the negotiations will go on independently of who succeeds Chernenko. The positions of the US and the Soviet Union at the talks were recalled. The program mentioned the Soviet delay in announcing Chernenko's death and sail that, according to a tradition going back to Khrushchev, Gorbachev is likely to succeed him after being appointment chairman of the funeral commission.

2. Soviet-US Relations. In the "Washington this Week" section of EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Vainshtein, W 2) discussed the results of Politburo member Shcherbitsky's talks with US leaders in Washington, noting that the.delegation used the visit to improve the USSR's image on the eve of the Geneva arms control talks and that the Soviet side avoided as much as possible answering questions on human rights violations in the USSR. A brief comment was given on delegation member Stukhalin's assertions that "there are no human rights violations in the USSR." 4

The "Washington this Week" section of EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Vainshtein, W 2) cited President Reagan's statements at a White House ceremony for the US negotiating team to the Geneva arms control talks, in which he stressed that the American people and government hope the Geneva talks will lead to the complete destruction of nuclear weapons.

The "Washington this Week" section of EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Vainshtein, W 2) reported on Senator Patrick Moynihan's and Congressman Jack Kemp's press conference announcing that a letter, signed by 58 senators and 192 congressmen was sent to President Reagan urging him to discuss with Soviet leaders the freer emigration issue, in keeping with the provisions' of the Helsinki Agreement. It was noted that Congressman Kemp refused to participate in the talks with Politburo member Shcherbitsky in protest against the repressions of Jews in the USSR.

SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 6) noted that the Soviet Union intends to firmly oppose President Reagan's SDI program at the US-Soviet arms control talks in Geneva, but remains silent about its own similar program. The, program was a RERUN from March 9.

3. Afghanistan. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, 'M 2) cited a recent article in the Chinese English-language journal Peking Review rebuking Soviet progaganda assertions that China and the United States are whipping up war in Afghanistan. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

4. Soviet-Imperialism. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET Union (Avtorkhanov, M 8) began a new series by Prof. Avtorkhanov entitled "From the Prelude to the Epilogue of World War II." 'The first program in the series showed how Soviet imperialism entered a new 'phase of expansion from 1939 on, after concluding a pact with Hitler. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

5

5. The System. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Salkazanova, P 5) featured an excerpt from emigre historian Mikhail Geller's interview in L'Express about his latest book The Machine and the Screws, describing the Soviet-bred "Homo-Sovieticus" as an "individual which has been made to be a chain in the collective, a screw in a machine, or an ant-man."

The System. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Maximov, P 10;30) Included a feature on Arthur Kostler, whose works exposed the mechanism of the totalitarian Soviet system and its inhumane ideology.

6. Dissidents and Human Rights. RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Silnitskaya, NY 3) gave the gist of an article in The Christian Science Monitor about the samizdat periodical The Chronicle of the Catholic Church in the Ukraine. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

7. Military. SIGNAL (Palanov, M 8) read excerpts from an article by Palanov in the Russian-language journal Posey devoted to military-patriotic training at schools IE the Soviet Union. The program also quoted an anti-war poem from the 11 December 1982 issue of Uchitelskaya Gazeta and its criticism in the 13 February 1983 issue of Krasnaya Zvezda. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 1), based on a dispatch in the Japanese daily Sankey of March 1, reported a Soviet bomber crash. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

8. Women. In connection with International Women's Day in the USSR on March 8, MODERN WOMAN (Gordin, M 8; Shapiro, M 7; and Voznesenskaya, M 6) discussed the hard lot of Soviet women and pointed to some inaccuracies in the Calendar of Significant Dates regarding the history of International Women's Day, child mortality in the Soviet Union, femal employment around the world, and the situation of women in the Soviet Union and capitalist countries. This was followed by a iecollection by a former Soviet citizen of labor conditions on the BAN and a conversation he had with a young girl, a full-time Komsomol secretary there. In conclusion emigre,Soviet feminist Yulia Voznesenskaya read a passage from her book The Ladies' Decameron. 9. Housing. An item in RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Freydkin, M 4:30) was about the catastrophic housing shortage in the Belorussian city of Vitebsk. The program was a RERUN from March. 9.. 10. Literature. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, MI and Panich, M 19:30) featured Part 4 of a reading from M. Bolkhovsky's samizdat article entitled "Katayev and the Revolution" (AS-4412). The program commented on a number of aspects of Soviet writer Valentin Katayev's literary works. The program was a RERUN from February 5. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Churakov, NY 7) featured a programon Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov pegged to the 45th anniversary of his death. 11. A Reading from ,Alliluyeva's Book FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29) read an excerpt from Svetlana Alliluyeva's book Only One Year. 12. A Soviet -West German Conference on History, which took place in Leningrad in 1975, was recalled by SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 2). The program discussed a letter by the Association of West German Historians which said that the Soviet Union did not keep its promise to publish the West German lectures which were delivered at the conference. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

13. Soviet-Finnish Peace Treaty. SIGNAL (Churakov, NY 6) pegged to the 45th anniversary of the signing of the Soviet -Finnish peace treaty, recalled how the Soviet Union invaded Finland on the last.day of November 1939. The program was a RERUN from March 9. 14. The World Chess Championship. WORLD OF SPORT (Borovsky, M 8) gave the gist of articles in The Journal of Commerce and The Washington Post, both of March 1, viewing the cancellation of the Karpov - Kasparov match as Soviet interference with the World Chess Championship. Cr 7

B. CROSS-REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS:

1. Protests Against Military Training in the GDR and Yugoslavia. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 4) reported on the young generation's protest against military training in East Germany and Yugoslavia. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

2. Cambodia. SIGNAL (Predtechevsky, M 2) reported on the Vietnamese artillery attack against the military headquarters of Prince Sihanouk last week. The program was a RERUN from March 9.

411/ C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. A UN Debate on Minority Rights. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Silnitskaya, M 4:30) reported on the special UN commission session which reviewed reports submitted by various countries on their compliance with the provisions of the International Convention Against Racial Discrimination. The program noted sharp criticism leveled by Western and nonaligned delegates against Hungary, the USSR, and the Ukraine charging them with discrimination against Gypsies, Jews, Crimean Tatars, and other national minorities in their respective countries. Also noted were the sharp clashes over the Ukrainian SSR's report asserting that religious services are propaganda. In conclusion, it was pointed out that Perez de Cuellar delivered a speech at a Quebec -based conference on minority rights. 2. The US. An item in US TODAY (Paramonov, NY 7), pegged to the 10th anniversary of racial unrest in Alabama, listed improvements which have taken place since in the situation of US ethnic minorities in the field of human rights.

US TODAY (Borovsky, NY 7) drew attention to an article in the Soviet journal Ukraina describing new secret weapons being produced in the US. The program noted that the sources cited in the article were Newsweek and The Washington Post, and that, in this case, one cannot talk of secrecy, since information on the new weapons can be found in the press. The program also remarked that an article in the Soviet press about new secret Soviet weapons is unthinkable. US TODAY (Dovlatov, NY 7) commented on the publication in The Washington Post recently of a Pravda editorial in an English translation criticizing US arms policy. The price paid for the publication as an advertisement was 13,500 dollars. The Program remarked that the publication in Pravda of an article by an American journalist criticizing Soviet foreign policy, even for the' same price, is out of the question.

US TODAY (Rubin, NY 7) showed understanding for the case of a Soviet diplomat's wife in New York who was caught in a department store exchanging the price tags of two pairs of boots, putting a cheaper price on those she wanted to buy. The program took the view that the offense is minor and that it must be very difficult for Soviet visitors in the US to resist the temptation to steal when they can compare their empty shops with US department stores bursting with goods.

3. The Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Nudelman, Isr. 4) reported on the Mubarak-Hussein meeting on the Egyptian President's peace initiative, noting Isreal's reservations about PLO representation in the Jordanian-Palestinian delegation and Shultz's assurances to Israel that the US will not enter into a dialogue with the PLO until the PLO rejects terrorism and recognizes Israel. Israel's problems with the Shiite population in southern Lebanon were also briefly discussed.

4. India. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (Shilayeff, NY 4) reported on the parliamentary election results in India, noting that the ruling Congress Party's poor showing in several major states will create obstacles for the party's efforts to, implement political programs in parliament.

5. Britain. EVENTS AND PEOPLE THIS WEEK (tatusevich, L.4:30) discussed the end of the British coalminers' strike, commenting on the ideological overtones in this labor dispute and stressing that Marxist union leader Arthur Scargill failed in his publicly declared aim of toppling the democratically elected government. Comment the The Financial Times, The Economist, and Izvestia was discussed.

9

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. The Olympics. WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 8) reported on the session of the IOC's Executive board in Calgary on February 28 which agreed to permit professional hockey, soccer, and tennis players under the age of 23 to compete in the Olympics, starting with the 1988 games. This decision requires ratification by the IOC Congress. The program noted that Soviet professional players have taken part in the Olympics since 1956. Also cited was a Soviet protest against the ICO's decision which appeared in Sovetsky Sport.

2. Sport. WORLD OF SPORT (Rubin, NY 8), dealt with an article in Sovetsky Sport which criticized Chancellor Kohl on charges that he supported the West German Soccer Federation's decision to include West Berlin among the cities hosting the 1988 European Soccer Champtionship, should it take place in West Germany.

3. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5) was about the meaning of the Cross in our life.

hpf/SL NEWS COVERAGE

ALL RFE' SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 10 MARCH 1985:

IN WEST GERMAN REGIONAL ELECTIONS, SOCIAL DEMOCRATS HAVE OUSTED THE RULING CENTER-RIGHT COALITION IN THE STATE OF SAARLAND. . REPORTS FROM WARSAW SAY POLICE HAVE ARRESTED AT LEAST NINE MEMBERS OF THE BANNED' CONFEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT POLANDAKPN). AFTER RAIDING A MEETING Or THE GROUP. A BOMB-LADEN CAR DROVE INTO AN ISRAELI TROOP CONVOY IN SOUTHERN LEBANON TODAY, KILLING 12 SOLDIERS AND WOUNDING 14. PRESIDENT CONSTANTINE KARAMANLIS RESIGNED TODAY AS GREECE'S HEAD 0F STATE AFTER THE SOCIALIST GOVERNMENT'S REFUSAL TO BACK HIM FOR RE-ELECTION. THAI FORCES TODAY FOUGHT VIETNAMESE TROOPS TRYING TO SEIZE TWO STRATEGIC HILLS IN THAI TERRITORY. THE SOVIET ARMS CONTROL DELEGATION HAS ARRIVED IN GENEVA FOR TALKS. WITH THE UNITED STATES, -DUE TO BEGIN ON TUESDAY. FRENCH'FOREIGN. MINISTER ROLAND DUMAS ARRIVED IN MOSCOW TODAY FOR A TWO-DAY 'VISIT IN WHICH. HE' IS EXPECTED TO DISCUSS NUCLEAR AND SPACE WEAPONS, AND BILATERAL TRADE, WITH SOVIET LEADERS. US VICE. PRESIDENT GEORGE BUSH ARRIVED IN GENEVA THIS AFTERNOON TO ATTEND AAN.EMERGENCY. CONFERENCE ON FAMINE IN AFRICA.. IRAQ SAYS ITS WARPLANES ATTACKED A NAVAL TARGET IN. THE (4e.

F''SI gal isr.

RADIO LIBERTY DAILY BROADCAST ANALYSIS

(A summary of the news coverage by the Russian-language programming appears at the end of the DBA)

(An * next to a program indicates designated for translation)

Russian Daily Broadcast Analysis for Monday, 11 March 1985 D. Felton

A. SOVIET TOPICS -- POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND CULTURAL:

1. Chernenko and Gorbachev. WORLD TODAY (Roitman and Voslensky, M 16) featured a talk on the rapid transition from Chernenko to Gorbachev with Prof. Mikhail Voslensky, the author of the book Nomenklatura which deals with the Soviet power structure. Among other things Voslensky noted as positive the fact that Gorbachev's politically formative years came in the relatively more liberal post-Stalin period. On the other hand, everything depends primarily on the opinions, ideas, and wishes of the nomenklatura as a whole. Gorbachev also lacks the political experience of other Politburo members. Concerning the problems inherited by Gorbachev from his predecessors, Voslensky spoke of the serious economic situation, but, in view of resistance from the apparatchiki, said he would be pleasantly surprised if Gorbachev managed to carry out far-reaching economic reforms. As regards foreign policy problems Voslensky singled out the strategic missile issue and the SDI. 2

RADIO JOURNAL ON THE SOVIET UNION (Paramonov, NY 20), a RERUN from March 10, gave the abridged text of an :article on Gorbachev by The New York Times -Moscow correspondent Serge Shmemann, published ohe week before Gorbachev's assumption of the party leadership. Shmemann traces Gorbachev's meteoric career and speaks of the possibility of his carrying out a radical reform of the Soviet economic system. Least likely, he says, are changes in Soviet foreign policy.

EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Matusevich, L 3) reviewed reactions in Britain to Chernenko's death, citing, in particular, a commentary in The Standard and Labour Party leader Neil Kinnock's view that Chernenko genuinely wanted to reduce East-West tension and that his principal achievement was the renewal of the US -Soviet arms talks.

PANORAMA (Salkazanova, P 3) reported the initial reaction in France to Chernenko's death based on articles in Le Monde.

2., Soviet-US Relations. BMENTS AND PEOPLE (Predtechevsky, M 8:30) reported on the arrival of the US and Soviet delegations for the arms talks in Geneva and cited statements made by Kampelman and Karpov. US National Security Adviser McFarlane was quoted on the instructions given by President Reagan to the US negotiating team and the US and Soviet positions were outlined. President Reagan'S March 9 radio and TV address was also cited.

PANORAMA (Predtechevsky, M 5) said that the death of Chernenko will have no long-term effect on the Soviet position at the Geneva arms talks. Only in the short term, while Gorbachev consolidates his position, may a certain Soviet immobility be expected. The program also outlined the US position at the talks.

PANORAMA (Matusevich, L 4:30) cited an editorial in The Times (London) on the US -Soviet arms talks in Geneva which expresses skepticism on the grounds that the USSR is not really Interested in international stability and aims to drive a wedge between the US and Western Europe. 3

3. The Soviet Occupation of Afghanistan. PANORAMA and EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Smirnova, M 5) reported on the latest intense fighting in Afghanistan and the savage Soviet reprisals against the civilian population. The program also mentioned the Karmal regime's propaganda campaign aimed at winning public support.

4. USSR-Finland. PANORAMA (Churakov, NY 4) recalled the 1939-194C "winter war" in which the uspR carried out an unprovoked invasion of Finland. Pegged to the 45th anniversary of the peace treaty finally concluded between the two countries, the program recalled the huge Soviet lossew, Western support, including in leftist circles, for the Finns; and Churchill's remark that the incompetence shown by the Red Army encouraged Hitler to start his offensive against the USSR at an earlier date. The program concluded by suggesting that the USSR's subsequent expulsion from the League of Nations may have induced the USSR to later demand a guaranteed seat in the UN.

5. Dissidents and Human Rights. WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Vishnevskaya, M 4:30) backgrounded the case of truck driver Boris Mityashin in connection with his recent sentencing by a Leningrad court to five years in a strict-regime prison camp followed by three years internal exile on account of his human rights activities. An RLR Research Report was used. FROM THE OTHER SHORE (Schlippe, M 29:30) gave the abridged text of an account by Soviet emigre Viktor Davydov of his two years confinement in a special psychiatric hospital in Blagoveshchensk which was published recently in the Munich-based Strana i Mir, No. 1/2 (1985).

6. Society. In WORKERS' MOVEMENT (Dovlatov, NY 7) Soviet emigre writer SergerDovlatov expressed the view that the Soviet term "khaltura" (which has two meanings: side work which poorly paid workers do to supplement their meager wages, and the sloppy work which people do in their official employment) has no real equivalent in English. 7. The Nationalities. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 3) highlighted the reports submitted by the USSR, 7 the Ukraine and Belorussia to a special UN commission on the rights of national minorities. The program noted the sharp debates, following these reports, which claimed thai in the USSR the nationality problem has been finally resolved. In particular, experts pointed to the discrimination against Soviet Jews and the status of the Crimean Tatars.

8. Literature. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Yurenen, P 9:30) spoke of a certain trend toward a revival in the USSR of Russia's cultural legacy as exemplified by the changing attitude toward Mikhail Bulgakov. DOCUMENTS AND PEOPLE (Fedoseyeva, M 0:30 and Panich, M 20), a RERUN from February 12, continued to discuss a samizdat article (AS -4412) by "M. Bolkhovskoy" entitled ,"Katayev and the Revolution" which cricially examines Soviet writer Valentin Katayev's.view of the Revolution and the Soviet regime.

9. Architecture. CULTURE, FATES, TIME (Nekrasov, P 7:30) marked the centenmmdes of the births of architects Lev Rudnev and Vladimir Gelfreykh, whose names are associated with the so-called "Stalin architecture."

10. Religion. SPIRITUAL TALK (Artemov, M 5) gave an excerpt from Petr Lopukhin's recollection of Archbishop Gavrill of Chelyabinsk and Troitsk.

RELIGION ANDSCIENCE (Rahr, M 16:30), a RERUN from 8 October 1984, gave the text of an article on the scientific views of Saint Basil the Great (330-379) written a few years ago by the present Archbishop Nathaniel of Vienna and Austria of the Russian Orthodox Church Abroad for the journal Pravoslavnoye Delo.

B. CROSS -REPORTING AND OTHER TOPICS OF COMMUNIST AFFAIRS: None 5

C. INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC TOPICS:

1. The Middle East. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Tarasenkov, W 6) backgrounded Mubarak's visit to the US by outlining the issue of Palestinian participation in Middle East peace talks.

2. Britain. WORKERS MOVEMENT (Deya and Belotserkovsky, M 9 and 9:30) backgrOunded and commented on the just-ended miners' strike in Britain, giving the reasons for its failure and noting the damage it has done to the trade unions and the Labour Party. The program described the strike as a good example of what democracy is all about. The miners' strike, said the program, has contributed to the national experience and will probably make both trade unions and government more cautious in future. The program placed the miners' demand for a deciding voice in the question of pit closures in the context of the movement in developed countries for worker participation in management. In this connection, the program referred to the movement for workers self -management in the socialist camp, particularly Poland, and quoted the pope's statements during his 1983 visit to Poland to the effect that the worker must be the master at his place of work.

3. HumanrRights. EVENTS AND PEOPLE (Silnitskaya, NY 1) briefly mentioned Perez de Cuellar's speech on the UN's role in the human rights field at the annual international conference on the rights of national minorities held in Quebec.

D. CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS OF NON-COMMUNIST COUNTRIES:

1. Religion. RELIGION AND SCIENCE (Rahr and Fotiyev, M 1 and 7:30) described the objectives and a*ivities of the Papal Academy of Sciences located in the Vatican, saying that it demonstrates the fallacy of the atheist propaganda claim that science and religion are incompatible. 6

WORLD TODAY (Gordin, M 59:30) featured programming on the following topics: the death of Chernenko (V1. Tolz, M 9); the US -Soviet arms talks in Geneva (Predtechevsky, M 5); reaction in France to Chernenko's death (Salkazanova, P 3); the Chernenko-Gorbachev transition (Roitman and Voglensky, M 16); and Gorbachev's rise to power (Paramonov, NY 16:30).

EVENTS AND PEOPLE featured programming on the following topics: the US-Soviet arms talks in Geneva (Predtechevsky, M 8:30); reaction in Britain to the death of Chernenko (Matusevich, L 3); the Afghan situation (Smirnova, M 5); Mubarak's visit to the US (Tarasenkov, W 6); and the UN and the rights of national minorities (Silnitskaya, NY 4).

sm/jcw/SL COVERAGE NEWS= == ALL RFE SERVICES AND RL/NS CARRIED THESE ITEMS IN THEIR NEWSCASTS OF 11 MARCH 1985: NEW CPSU GENERAL SECRETARY AND OTHER POLITBURO 411 MEMBERS HAVE PAID THEIR LAST RESPECTS TO KONSTANTIN CHERNENKO. US PRESIDENT REAGAN-COMMENTING ON THE CHERNENKO'S DEATH, SAID THE US WILL KEEP AN OPEN MIND IN ITS DEALINGS WITH GORBACHEV. , REASAN SAYS THE US IS READY TO PUT FORWARD CONSTRUCTIVE PROPOSALS AT THE ARMS TALKS STARTING IN GENEVA TUESDAY. FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER DUMAS HAS MET WITH SOVIET PRIME MINISTER TIKHONOV AND FOREIGN MINISTER GROMYKO. ISRAELI TROOPS HAVE STORMED A SOpTH LEBANON VILLAGE, KILLING 32 PEOPLE AND DETAINING 20 LEBANESE SOLDIERS. IRAN SAYS IT WILL STOP ATTACKING IRAQI CIVILIAN TARGETS FROM EARLY TUESDAY MORNING BUT ONLY IF IRAQ ALSO REFRAINS. FIVE MEMBERS OF THE CONFEDERATION OF INDEPENDENT POLAND HAVE BEEN CHARGED WITH LEADERSHIP OF AN ILLEGAL ORGANIZATION. WEST GERMAN BORDER POLICE REPORT THE ESCAPE OF 20 CZECHOSLOVAKS TO BAVARIA OVER THE WEEKEND. VIETNAMESE FORCES IN CAMBODIA HAVE GAINED CONTROL OF THE HEADQUARTERS OF FORCES LOYAL TO PRINCE NORODOM SIHANOUK. US VICE-PRESIDENT BUSH HAS CALLED ON GOVERNMENTS TO PUT, ASIDE IDEOLOGY AND GET TO THE ROOT OF THE FAMINE CRISIS IN AFRICA.