The Schwarz Report Dr. Fred Schwarz Volume 53, Number 4 Dr. David Noebel April 2013 Honoring Vladimir Bukovsky by Vladimir Kara-Murza On Sunday, December 30, Vladimir Bukovsky—writer, scientist, human rights campaigner, and one of the founders of the dissident movement in the USSR—celebrated his 70th birthday. IMR Senior Policy Advisor Vladimir Kara-Murza recalls the milestones in Bukovsky’s life—and urges the present-day Russian opposition to heed his advice. Vladimir Bukovsky does not like to be called a politician, preferring to be known as a neurophysiologist, writer, or, at the very least, civic activist. In truth, he never engaged in politics: he merely realized, at an early age, that he could not reconcile himself to live quietly with a criminal and mendacious regime that sought to make millions of people its silent accomplices. Bukovsky’s protest was a moral one. “We did not play politics, we did not draft programs for the ‘people’s liberation,’” he recalls in his memoirs, To Build a Castle (a must-read for anyone interested in Russian history). “Our only weapon was glasnost (openness). Not propaganda, but glasnost, so that no one could say ‘I did not know.’ The rest is a matter for each person’s conscience.” “I did not know” was a popular answer among members of the older generation when asked by the youngsters of the 1950s about Stalin’s times. The public condemnation of Stalinist crimes at the 1956 Communist Party congress and (almost immediately) the brutal suppression of the Hungarian revolution, which showed that the nature of the regime has not changed, were formative events for Bukovsky. His protest activity began literally during his school days: he joined a clandestine anti-Soviet group and published an underground satirical journal. In response, he was expelled from school, summoned to a dressing-down by the Moscow City Communist Party Committee, and barred from studying at university (he nevertheless won admission to Moscow State University, only to be discovered and expelled a year later). Vladimir Bukovsky is one of the founders of the Soviet dissident movement, which was born in the fall of 1960 on Moscow’s Mayakovsky Square. There, a group of yet-unknown young activists, poets, and actors (including Yuri Ga- lanskov, Eduard Kuznetsov, Vladimir Osipov, Ilya Bokshtein, and Vsevolod Abdulov) held public readings of banned poetry—Akhmatova, Pasternak, Mandelshtam, Tsvetaeva. They also read from their own works and the works of their contemporaries, which would soon be disseminated as samizdat (literally “self-publications,” the clandestine reproduc- tion and distribution of banned literature). Samizdat, too, was born on Mayakovsky Square. The authorities responded in their usual manner: with dispersals of the meetings by bulldozers and snow ploughs; provocations by Komsomol (Young Communist League) operatives; beatings and arrests. Yet the “seditious” meetings continued in the heart of the Soviet capital for almost two years: That amazing community, which would later be called a ‘movement’, was being born. It had no leaders or followers. Each of us, like a nerve cell, participated in this amazing orchestra without a conductor, com- pelled only by his or her sense of self-respect and personal responsibility for what was happening.” (Vladimir Bukovsky, To Build a Castle) Vladimir Bukovsky was one of the organizers of the unofficial poetry readings on Moscow’s Mayakovsky Square, the birthplace of the Soviet dissident movement. The Mayakovsky readings were only the beginning: one can study the history of dissent in the Soviet Union by reading Bukovsky’s biography. He was involved in organizing the December 1965 “Glasnost Rally” on Pushkin Square (Moscow’s first opposition demonstration in four decades); the January 1967 rally against political arrests (also on Pushkin Square); and, probably his most important endeavor, the public campaign against “punitive psychiatry” used by the KGB against THE SCHWARZ REPORT / APRIL 2013 dissenters. After his first arrest in 1963 for “possession making them public, by handing them over to an objec- of anti-Soviet literature,” Bukovsky (then 20 years old) tive international commission, will we be able to cleanse was brought to the office of Lieutenant-General Mikhail ourselves from this filth.” Unfortunately, Bukovsky’s call Svetlichny, the head of the Moscow KGB. “Svetlichny was not heeded. The new Russian authorities, unwilling to said a very simple thing,” Bukovsky recalls in the docu- “rock the boat,” refrained from fully opening the archives, mentary They Chose Freedom. “‘Here is the arrest warrant. from officially condemning the Communist Party and the If you honestly tell us everything—where you got this KGB for their crimes, and from introducing lustrations book, who gave it to you, to whom you gave it [to read], for those who had participated in the crimes. A genuine I will not sign it, and you will go home. If you refuse, I moral renewal of society never took place. Russia’s young will sign it, and you will go to jail.’ . I found such a democracy was not protected from a comeback by the formulation insulting, and cursed at him. He did not say ideological successors of Yuri Andropov and Vladimir anything, just shook his head, signed the warrant, and said Kryuchkov. This comeback came just eight years after ‘Take him away.’” the democratic victory of August 1991. As Bukovsky had Vladimir Bukovsky paid for his refusal to go along warned, “it is like dealing with a wounded beast—if you with the regime’s lies with 12 years in prisons, labor do not finish it off, it will attack you.” camps, and “special psychiatric hospitals.” Not once did Today, Bukovsky is not retiring or leaving public he admit his guilt, ask for clemency, disown his words, life—and his upcoming 70th birthday will do nothing to or betray his friends. “We fought desperately against this change that. His experience in fighting the KGB system is regime of scoundrels. We were a handful of unarmed too relevant; his advice too valuable; his standing among people in the face of a mighty state with the world’s most the leaders and supporters of the present-day Russian monstrous machine of repression. And we won. The re- opposition too high. During the frozen (in all senses of gime had to retreat. And even in prisons we proved too the word) winter of 2007, at the height of Putin’s power, dangerous for them.” (Vladimir Bukovsky, To Build a Bukovsky was nominated for president by the democratic Castle) On December 18, 1976, a handcuffed Bukovsky opposition as a symbol of moral protest. The line of people was driven to Chkalovsky military airfield and, accom- wishing to sign his nomination papers extended for seven panied by a convoy from the KGB’s elite Alpha unit (that hours; the Sakharov Center could not accommodate every- was its first operation), was flown to Zurich’s international one, and people had to wait outside in Moscow’s freezing airport. Communist Party Central Committee documents temperatures. referred to this as “measures relating to the liberation of In December 2007, Vladimir Bukovsky was officially Comrade L. Corvalan.” nominated for president of Russia by an assembly of voters In the end, the regime was unable to defeat its enemy in Moscow. The Central Electoral Commission headed by inside the country. In the early 1990s, Vladimir Bukovsky Vladimir Churov denied him access to the ballot. and Member of Parliament Galina Starovoitova tried to “The opposition needs a candidate for president— convince the Russian leadership to conduct a trial of the strong, uncompromising, decisive, with irreproachable Communist regime and the KGB in order to help the political and, more importantly, moral authority,” read country comprehend its past and avoid repeating it. the statement of the Initiative Group that nominated Bu- The next time Vladimir Bukovsky came to Russia kovsky, “Russia needs its own Vaclav Havel, not a new was at the invitation of Boris Yeltsin in 1991, before successor from [the KGB].” the attempted August coup d’état—and again just after Vladimir Bukovsky was exchanged for Chilean Com- the coup, when barricades were still being dismantled munist Party leader Luis Corvalan, who had been jailed near the Moscow White House, and when the empty by General Augusto Pinochet. pedestal from the toppled statue of KGB founder Felix There are few people like Vladimir Bukovsky in Dzerzhinsky was still hand-painted with a swastika and any society—let alone Russian society, which has been hammer-and-sickle—with an equal sign between them. wrecked by decades of Soviet dictatorship, and by 13 “Let us not flatter ourselves—the dragon is not yet dead. years of Putin’s cynical authoritarianism. It is likely that He is mortally wounded, his spine is broken, but he still the coming years will bring significant changes to Russia. holds human souls in his clinging paws,” Bukovsky said During this critical period, Bukovsky’s words will be very at a rally on Mayakovsky Square in September 1991. important. This time, they must be heard. “The Lubyanka [KGB] archives, seized by the Russian —FrontPage Magazine, December 31, 2012 government, contain secrets of dreadful crimes. Only by 2 THE SCHWARZ REPORT / APRIL 2013 One option considered is to sell only the commercial Giving the Chinese technology to Wanxiang and sell its US defense contracts Communists the Store to a US firm, Navitas Systems. But pretending that A123’s by Phyllis Schlafly advanced technology can be sold to China only for busi- ness purposes is a pipe dream. The China problem is not just that China is raking in A123 employs more than 100 scientists and engineers trillions of dollars because of Obama’s spending and bor- working on sensitive materials that are part of what is rowing binges, and it’s not just that government policies scheduled to be sold to Wanxiang.