The Power of Protest
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Washington Committee for Soviet Jewry,1968
Ambassador Richard Schifter December, 2013 As you know, I have not lived a life in which I have blown my horn. However, before I depart the scene, let me make a record of my contribution to the emigration campaign, for historical purposes and for my descendants. Some of this is covered in my book, Human Rights, Perestroika, and the End of the Cold War. Significant numbers of Soviet Jews became interested in emigrating from the Soviet Union after the 1967 War. At the beginning of the War, Soviet media had gotten the message out that Israel was about to be defeated and destroyed. When it turned out that Israel had succeeded in the War, Russian Jews had once again become aware of the existence of Israel. Zionism in that part of the world was reborn. Jews also increasingly felt discrimination, both in the job market and in higher education. So the emigration campaign started and the Soviet government soon clamped down on it, allowing only a few exit permits. In 1966 the number of exit permits for Jews was about 2000. In 1970 it was about 1000. But the Soviet Jewry movement had gotten started, calling for free emigration from the Soviet Union. Even though Kissinger, and thus the Nixon and Ford Administrations, did not have emigration on its détente agenda, the movement had gotten many members of Congress interested and the Soviet Union began to hear from members of the movement. By 1972 the number of exit permits for Jews was past 13,000. In 1974 came the Jackson-Vanik amendment, encouraging the Soviet Jewry movement to keep going. -
The Case for Democracy: the Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny A
The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny a... http://www.carnegiecouncil.org/resources/transcripts/5066.html/:pf_print... The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror Natan Sharansky , Joanne J. Myers November 9, 2004 Introduction Remarks Questions and Answers Introduction The Case for JOANNE MYERS: Good morning. I'm Joanne Myers, Director of Merrill House Programs, and Democracy: The Power of Freedom on behalf of the Carnegie Council I would like to say how extremely honored we are to have to Overcome with us this morning Natan Sharansky on the occasion of his recently published book, The Case Tyranny and Terror for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror. In reflecting on the challenges facing democracy in the 21st century, Margaret Thatcher once wrote, "It is always true that the world that is can best be understood by those conversant with the world that was. None are more conversant with the realities of the Cold War, or more adept at drawing out its lessons for today, than those who saw it—not just lived through it, but actually saw it for what it was—from the inside." It is with this in mind that we extend a very special welcome to our speaker this morning, Natan Sharansky. From Gulag to guru, Mr. Sharansky's life has personified the struggle for human rights and the ongoing pursuit of dignity for all mankind. Our guest today is a former Soviet dissident and political prisoner who has spent his life championing democracy. -
After Stalin: the Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union (Weeks 1-12) | University of Kent
10/01/21 After Stalin: The Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union (Weeks 1-12) | University of Kent After Stalin: The Decline and Fall of the View Online Soviet Union (Weeks 1-12) 435 items Operation Typhoon: Hitler's march on Moscow, October 1941 - Stahel, David, 2013 Book Introductory Bibliography (12 items) Conscience, dissent and reform in Soviet Russia - Boobbyer, Philip, 2005 Book Soviet communism from reform to collapse - Daniels, Robert V., 1995 Book The rise of Russia and the fall of the Soviet empire - Dunlop, John B., 1995 Book Russia and the idea of the West: Gorbachev, intellectuals, and the end of the Cold War - English, Robert D., 2000 Book Last of the empires: a history of the Soviet Union, 1945-1991 - Keep, John L. H., 1996 Book The Soviet tragedy: a history of socialism in Russia, 1917-1991 - Malia, Martin E., 1994 Book Russia's Cold War: from the October Revolution to the fall of the wall - Haslam, Jonathan, c2011 Book Rulers and victims: the Russians in the Soviet Union - Hosking, Geoffrey A., 2006 Book The shadow of war: Russia and the USSR, 1941 to the present - Lovell, Stephen, 2010 Book Lenin's tomb: the last days of the Soviet Empire - Remnick, David, 1994 Book Twentieth century Russia - Treadgold, Donald W., 1995 Book Zhivago's children: the last Russian intelligentsia - Zubok, V. M., 2009 1/34 10/01/21 After Stalin: The Decline and Fall of the Soviet Union (Weeks 1-12) | University of Kent Book Collections of documents (9 items) The Soviet political poster, 1917-1980: From the USSR Lenin Library Collection - Baburina, Nina, 1986 Book The Soviet system: from crisis to collapse - Dallin, Alexander, Lapidus, Gail Warshofsky, 1995 Book A documentary history of communism - Daniels, Robert Vincent, 1985 Book The great patriotic war of the Soviet Union, 1941-45: a documentary reader - Hill, Alexander, 2009 Book Revelations from the Russian archives: documents in English translation - Koenker, Diane, Bachman, Ronald D., Library of Congress, 1997 Book Sedition: everyday resistance in the Soviet Union under Khrushchev and Brezhnev - Kozlov, V. -
The Suppression of Jewish Culture by the Soviet Union's Emigration
\\server05\productn\B\BIN\23-1\BIN104.txt unknown Seq: 1 18-JUL-05 11:26 A STRUGGLE TO PRESERVE ETHNIC IDENTITY: THE SUPPRESSION OF JEWISH CULTURE BY THE SOVIET UNION’S EMIGRATION POLICY BETWEEN 1945-1985 I. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STATUS OF JEWS IN THE SOVIET SOCIETY BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR .................. 159 R II. BEFORE THE BORDERS WERE CLOSED: SOVIET EMIGRATION POLICY UNDER STALIN (1945-1947) ......... 163 R III. CLOSING OF THE BORDER: CESSATION OF JEWISH EMIGRATION UNDER STALIN’S REGIME .................... 166 R IV. THE STRUGGLE CONTINUES: SOVIET EMIGRATION POLICY UNDER KHRUSHCHEV AND BREZHNEV .................... 168 R V. CONCLUSION .............................................. 174 R I. SOCIAL AND CULTURAL STATUS OF JEWS IN THE SOVIET SOCIETY BEFORE AND AFTER THE WAR Despite undergoing numerous revisions, neither the Soviet Constitu- tion nor the Soviet Criminal Code ever adopted any laws or regulations that openly or implicitly permitted persecution of or discrimination against members of any minority group.1 On the surface, the laws were always structured to promote and protect equality of rights and status for more than one hundred different ethnic groups. Since November 15, 1917, a resolution issued by the Second All-Russia Congress of the Sovi- ets called for the “revoking of all and every national and national-relig- ious privilege and restriction.”2 The Congress also expressly recognized “the right of the peoples of Russia to free self-determination up to seces- sion and the formation of an independent state.” Identical resolutions were later adopted by each of the 15 Soviet Republics. Furthermore, Article 124 of the 1936 (Stalin-revised) Constitution stated that “[f]reedom of religious worship and freedom of anti-religious propaganda is recognized for all citizens.” 3 1 See generally W.E. -
Israeli Reactions in a Soviet Moment: Reflections on the 1970 Leningrad Affair
No. 58 l September 2020 KENNAN CABLE Mark Dymshits, Sylva Zalmanson, Edward Kuznetsov & 250,000 of their supporters in New York Ciry, 1979. (Photo:Courtesy of Ilya Levkov; CC-BY-SA) Israeli Reactions in a Soviet Moment: Reflections on the 1970 Leningrad Affair By Jonathan Dekel-Chen The Kennan Institute convened a virtual meeting and public demonstrators pushed the Kremlin to retry in June 2020 marking the 50th anniversary of the the conspirators, commute death sentences for their attempted hijacking of a Soviet commercial flight from leaders, and reduce the prison terms for the rest. Leningrad.1 The 16 Jewish hijackers hoped to draw international attention to their struggle for emigration to A showing of the 2016 documentary filmOperation Israel, although many of them did not believe that they Wedding (the code name for the hijacking) produced by would arrive at their destination. Some were veterans Anat Zalmanson-Kuznetsov, daughter of two conspirators, of the Zionist movement who had already endured preceded the Kennan panel and served as a backdrop punishment for so-called “nationalist, anti-Soviet for its conversations. The film describes the events from crimes,” whereas others were newcomers to activism.2 the vantage point of her parents. As it shows, the plight Their arrest on the Leningrad airport tarmac in June of the hijackers—in particular Edward Kuznetsov and 1970, followed by a show trial later that year, brought Sylva Zalmanson—became a rallying point for Jewish the hijackers the international attention they sought. and human rights activists in the West. Both eventually Predictably, the trial resulted in harsh prison terms. -
Helsinki Watch Committees in the Soviet Republics: Implications For
FINAL REPORT T O NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE : HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTIO N AUTHORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky Tönu Parming CONTRACTOR : University of Delawar e PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS : Yaroslav Bilinsky, Project Director an d Co-Principal Investigato r Tönu Parming, Co-Principal Investigato r COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 621- 9 The work leading to this report was supported in whole or in part fro m funds provided by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research . NOTICE OF INTENTION TO APPLY FOR COPYRIGH T This work has been requested for manuscrip t review for publication . It is not to be quote d without express written permission by the authors , who hereby reserve all the rights herein . Th e contractual exception to this is as follows : The [US] Government will have th e right to publish or release Fina l Reports, but only in same forma t in which such Final Reports ar e delivered to it by the Council . Th e Government will not have the righ t to authorize others to publish suc h Final Reports without the consent o f the authors, and the individua l researchers will have the right t o apply for and obtain copyright o n any work products which may b e derived from work funded by th e Council under this Contract . ii EXEC 1 Overall Executive Summary HELSINKI WATCH COMMITTEES IN THE SOVIET REPUBLICS : IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOVIET NATIONALITY QUESTION by Yaroslav Bilinsky, University of Delawar e d Tönu Parming, University of Marylan August 1, 1975, after more than two years of intensive negotiations, 35 Head s of Governments--President Ford of the United States, Prime Minister Trudeau of Canada , Secretary-General Brezhnev of the USSR, and the Chief Executives of 32 othe r European States--signed the Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperatio n in Europe (CSCE) . -
BEYOND JEWISH IDENTITY Rethinking Concepts and Imagining Alternatives
This book is subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ BEYOND JEWISH IDENTITY Rethinking Concepts and Imagining Alternatives This book is subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This book is subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ BEYOND JEWISH IDENTITY rethinking concepts and imagining alternatives Edited by JON A. LEVISOHN and ARI Y. KELMAN BOSTON 2019 This book is subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Library of Congress Control Number:2019943604 The research for this book and its publication were made possible by the generous support of the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Center for Studies in Jewish Education, a partnership between Brandeis University and the Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel Foundation of Cleveland, Ohio. © Academic Studies Press, 2019 ISBN 978-1-644691-16-8 (Hardcover) ISBN 978-1-644691-29-8 (Paperback) ISBN 978-1-644691-17-5 (Open Access PDF) Book design by Kryon Publishing Services (P) Ltd. www.kryonpublishing.com Cover design by Ivan Grave Published by Academic Studies Press 1577 Beacon Street Brookline, MA 02446, USA [email protected] www.academicstudiespress.com Effective May 26th 2020, this book is subject to a CC-BY-NC license. To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/4.0/. -
Reading and Writing Against Destruction
Transcultural Studies, 4 (2008), 107-117. EKATERINA NEKLYUDOVA READING AND WRITING AGAINST DESTRUCTION This article deals with the tactics of survival that the inmates of Gulag (the penitentiary system of prisons and labor camps in the Soviet Union)1 practiced while imprisoned. In particular, I focus on the theme of reading and writing in the conditions of the Soviet prisons and labor camps, where writing was mostly prohibited, and reading was limited and highly regulated and censored. However, the inmates of Soviet prisons managed to create, read, write and even publish their notes while incarcerated. I show how three survivors of the Soviet camps – Varlam Shalamov, Evgenia Ginzburg, and Eduard Kuznetsov used the acts of reading and writing to preserve their identities from complete corruption and disintegration. I argue that word as a grammatical unit of text initiates the process of the recovery and deliverance of prisoners’ morale. Varlam Shalamov (1907-1982), a writer and a journalist, was born in Rus- sian city of Vologda. He spent seventeen years in total in prisons and labor camps of Kolyma (1929-1931, 1937-1943, 1943-1951). When Shalamov was released and returned from the camps to the Western part of Russia (Kalinin- grad), he started recording his camp experience in the form of the semi- fictional, semi-documentary Kolymskie rasskazy [Kolyma Tales].2 Even though his camp prose was never published in the Soviet Union in his lifetime, it received worldwide publicity: Kolyma Tales was distributed by the under- ground movement of Samizdat and published abroad. The impact of these short stories was immense: they were considered as the most authentic and merciless descriptions of prisoners’ sufferings in the Soviet camps of the Sta- linist regime. -
Soviet Jewry (8) Box: 24
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Green, Max: Files Folder Title: Soviet Jewry (8) Box: 24 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ Page 3 PmBOMBR.S OP CONSCIBNCB J YLADDllll UPSIDTZ ARRESTED: January 8, 1986 CHARGE: Anti-Soviet Slander DATE OF TRIAL: March 19, 1986 SENTENCE: 3 Years Labor Camp PRISON: ALBXBI KAGAllIIC ARRESTED: March 14, 1986 CHARGE: Illegal Possession of Drugs DATE OF TRIAL: SENTENCE: PRISON: UCHR P. O. 123/1 Tbltsi Georgian, SSR, USSR ALEXEI llUR.ZHBNICO (RE)ARRBSTBD: June 1, 1985 (Imprisoned 1970-1984) CHARGE: Parole Violations DA TB OF TRIAL: SENTENCE: PRISON: URP 10 4, 45/183 Ulitza Parkomienko 13 Kiev 50, USSR KAR.IC NBPOllNIASHCHY .ARRESTED: October 12, 1984 CHARGE: Defaming the Soviet State DA TB OF TRIAL: January 31, 1985 SENTENCE: 3 Years Labor Camp PRISON: 04-8578 2/22, Simferopol 333000, Krimskaya Oblast, USSR BETZALBL SHALOLASHVILLI ARRESTED: March 14, 1986 CHARGE: Evading Mllltary Service DA TE OF TRIAL: SENTENCE: PRISON: L ~ f UNION OF COUNCILS FOR SOVIET JEWS 1'411 K STREET, NW • SUITE '402 • WASHINGTON, DC 2<XX>5 • (202)393-44117 Page 4 PIUSONB'R.S OP CONSCIBNCB LBV SHBPBR ARRESTED: -
Human Rights and History a Challenge for Education
edited by Rainer Huhle HUMAN RIGHTS AND HISTORY A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION edited by Rainer Huhle H UMAN The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Genocide Convention of 1948 were promulgated as an unequivocal R response to the crimes committed under National Socialism. Human rights thus served as a universal response to concrete IGHTS historical experiences of injustice, which remains valid to the present day. As such, the Universal Declaration and the Genocide Convention serve as a key link between human rights education and historical learning. AND This volume elucidates the debates surrounding the historical development of human rights after 1945. The authors exam- H ine a number of specific human rights, including the prohibition of discrimination, freedom of opinion, the right to asylum ISTORY and the prohibition of slavery and forced labor, to consider how different historical experiences and legal traditions shaped their formulation. Through the examples of Latin America and the former Soviet Union, they explore the connections · A CHALLENGE FOR EDUCATION between human rights movements and human rights education. Finally, they address current challenges in human rights education to elucidate the role of historical experience in education. ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 © Foundation “Remembrance, Responsibility and Future” Stiftung “Erinnerung, Verantwortung und Zukunft” Lindenstraße 20–25 10969 Berlin Germany Tel +49 (0) 30 25 92 97- 0 Fax +49 (0) 30 25 92 -11 [email protected] www.stiftung-evz.de Editor: Rainer Huhle Translation and Revision: Patricia Szobar Coordination: Christa Meyer Proofreading: Julia Brooks and Steffi Arendsee Typesetting and Design: dakato…design. David Sernau Printing: FATA Morgana Verlag ISBN-13: 978-3-9810631-9-6 Berlin, February 2010 Photo Credits: Cover page, left: Stèphane Hessel at the conference “Rights, that make us Human Beings” in Nuremberg, November 2008. -
Professor Adam S. Ferziger, Ph.D. S.R. Hirsch Chair For
Professor Adam S. Ferziger, Ph.D. S.R. Hirsch Chair for Research of the Torah with Derekh Erez Movement Department of Jewish History and Contemporary Jewry Bar-Ilan University [email protected] Curriculum Vitae Academic Education 2001 Ph. D. [Summa Cum Laude], Modern Jewish History, Bar-Ilan University Dissertation Advisor: Professor Gershon C. Bacon 1990 M.A., Modern Jewish History, Bernard Revel Graduate School, Yeshiva University Thesis Advisor: Professor Jacob Katz z”l 1990 B.A. [Cum Laude] - Political Science/Jewish History, Yeshiva College, Yeshiva University Advanced Religious Education 1990 Rabbinical Ordination, Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, Yeshiva University 1987-90 Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, Yeshiva University (New York and Gruss Insitute, Jerusalem) 1984-6 Yeshiva Program, Yeshiva University 1983-4 Yeshivat Har-Etzion (Gush), Alon Shevut 1982-3 Beit Medrash le-Torah (BMT), Jerusalem Academic Appointments 2017 Arnold/Yaschik Distinguished Visiting Professor, College of Charleston 2015-present S.R. Hirsch Chair for Research of the Torah with Derekh Erez Movement, Faculty of Jewish Studies, Bar-Ilan University 2015-present Senior Associate, Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, University of Oxford 1 2013-present Professor Haver, Department of Jewish History and Contemporary Jewry, Bar- Ilan University 2008-13 Senior Lecturer with tenure - Graduate Program in Contemporary Jewry, Bar- Ilan University 2003-08 Lecturer and Gwendolyn & Joseph Straus Teaching Fellow in Jewish Studies, Graduate Program -
0042-84261707057L.Pdf
L OBAVEŠTAJNO BEZBEDNOSNE INSTITUCIJE I NACIONALNA BEZBEDNOST IZRAELA delo1707057 j Boriša Lečić Akademija za nacionalnu bezbednost, Beograd DOI: 10.5937/vo redmet analize rada je istraživanje obaveštajno bezbednosnog si- Pstema Izraela u kontekstu istorijskog razvoja i geopolitičkog položa- ja ove države i složene političko bezbednosne situacije u regionu Bliskog istoka. Aktuelna bezbednosna situacija u regionu a posebno u neposred- nom okruženju, diktirala je odgovarajuću organizaciono funkcionalnu struk- turu obaveštajno bezbednosnog sistema Izraela koja se dijalektički modifi- kovala prema novonastalim političko bezbednosnim izazovima i rizicima. Istorija jevrejskog naroda pokazala je da formiranje nacionalne i neza- visne države Izrael do danas prate brojni, otvoreni problemi, ugrožavajući faktori, koji se manifestuju kroz različite oblike organizovanog nasilja, rato- ve, terorizam i dr. U okolnostima kontinuirane borbe za opstanak izraelske države i nacije, značajno a možda i ključno mesto zauzimaju obaveštajne aktivnosti, koje su ugaoni kamen u procesu obezbeđivanja obaveštajnih informacija kojim se definiše strategija nacionalne bezbednosti Izraela, na- cionalni interesi i spoljnopolitički prioriteti. Akcenat u radu je na strukturi i funkciji obaveštajno bezbednosnog si- stema Izraela u korelaciji sa unutrašnjom i spoljnom bezbednošću ove dr- žave. Ključne reči: Izrael, obaveštajno bezbednosni sistem, obaveštajne službe, nacionalna bezbednost Nastanak i razvoj države Izrael rvi počeci nastanka jevrejske države, (hebrejski Medinat Yisra’el), vezuju se za P kraj 19. veka kada je razmatrano pitanje na kojim teritorijama, koje su već bile na- seljene „sinovima izrailjevim“,1 sprovesti plan ostvarivanja vekovnog sna Jevreja za sop- stvenom, nacionalnom i nezavisnom državom. Razmatrane su dve opcije, i to kroz even- tualno stvaranje jevrejske države i naseljavanje Jevreja u Argentini ili formiranje jevrejske države u Palestini.