U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR AFGHANISTAN MINISTRY OF MINES USGS OPEN-FILE REPORT 2013–1210–B U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AFGHANISTAN GEOLOGICAL SURVEY AGS OPEN-FILE REPORT (515/516) 2013–1210–B Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey under the auspices of the USGS Afghanistan Project Product No. 240 U.S. Department of Defense Task Force for Business and Stability Operations

4 4 5 5 68°00' 1 2 4 4 0000 m 5 0000 m 5 57 8 9 70°00' 15' 4 5 E 30' 46 47 45' 48 49 69°00' 51 52 15' 53 54 30' 5 E 6 45' 34°00' 34°00' EXPLANATION OF MATERIAL CLASSES Saydabad 2327 Puli Alam 2677 Khushi [Materials are listed based on quality of match with reference spectra; class may contain one or more minerals 376 376 or material types with the most likely option listed first. Number in parentheses indicates pixel count. Material 3675 Baraki classes that have small areal extent may not be visible at the publication scale of this map] Ali Khel PAKISTAN 3587 Hematite, nanocrystalline (83,897) Fe2+Fe3+ type 1 (1,754,195)

Hematite, fine-grained (0) Fe2+Fe3+ type 2 (6,146,898) 3901 4019 3727 Dand Hematite, medium-grained (0) Fe2+Fe3+ type 3 (28,802) (Dara Darang) 37 0000 m 37 0000 m 5 N 5 N Hematite, coarse-grained (1) Epidote (1,040,965) 3382 Iron hydroxide (323,111) Chlorite (104)

Goethite, fine-grained (575,353) Maghemite (166)

3046 3523 3046 2693 Goethite, medium-grained (597,660) Ferrihydrite (0)

3400 Chamkani 3694 3461 Goethite, coarse-grained (105,083) Green vegetation (1,596,337) 374 374 3110 Goethite and jarosite (18) Dry vegetation (102,282) Lija Mangal Jarosite (75) Snow and ice (19)

45' 3340 45' 3340 2688 Fe2+ type 1 (0) Cloud or cloud shadow (0) 3203 Fe2+ type 2 (1,941,457) Water (32,910)

373 373 Fe3+ type 1 (1,814,688) Wet soils (433) 3504 3239 Fe3+ type 2 (1) 3720 2517 Dado (Zana Khan) Sayid Karam 3304 OTHER SYMBOLS 3447 Jani Khel [Not all symbols shown may be present on this map]

Charkh Not classified (8,630,606) 3725 Peak; elevation in meters 3172 37 372 2 No data City, town, or village 2570 3181 3626 3469 3322 2760 2764 Road, improved or unimproved International boundary Jaghatu Gardez Zambar DATA SUMMARY Jaghatuyi Ghazni 3210 3105 (Bahrami Shahid) 1567 This map shows the spatial distribution of selected iron-bearing minerals and other materials derived from analysis of airborne HyMap™ imaging spectrometer (hyperspectral) data of Afghanistan collected in late 2007 Ghazni (Kokaly and others, 2008). This map is one in a series of U.S. Geological Survey/Afghanistan Geological Survey Musa Khel quadrangle maps covering Afghanistan and is a subset of the version 2 map of the entire country showing 371 371 iron-bearing minerals and other materials (Kokaly and others, 2013). This version 2 map improved mineral 3369 Ramak 2689 mapping from the previously published version (King and others, 2011) by refining the classification procedures, especially in areas having wet soils. The version 2 map more accurately represents the mineral distributions and 1968 2+ 3+ 30' 3492 30' contains an additional mineral classification (Fe Fe type 3). Flown at an altitude of 50,000 feet (15,240 meters (m)), the HyMap™ imaging spectrometer measured reflected 2597 Khost Mela sunlight in 128 channels, covering wavelengths between 0.4 and 2.5 µm. The data were georeferenced, atmospheri- cally corrected and converted to apparent surface reflectance, empirically adjusted using ground-based reflectance measurements, and combined into a mosaic with 23-m pixel spacing. Variations in water vapor and dust content of 3577 the atmosphere, in solar angle, and in surface elevation complicated correction; therefore, some classification differences may be present between adjacent flight lines. 2720 The reflectance spectrum of each pixel of HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data was compared to the reference 370 370 materials in a spectral library of minerals, vegetation, water, and other materials (Clark and others, 2007). Minerals 2799 1677 Zurmat 3815 Shwak occurring abundantly at the surface and those having unique spectral features were easily detected and discrimi- 3135 nated. Minerals having slightly different compositions but similar spectral features were less easily discriminated; thus, some map classes consist of several minerals having similar spectra, such as “Goethite and jarosite.” A 2570 2570 2641 designation of “Not classified” was assigned to the pixel when there was no match with reference spectra. Further information regarding the processing procedures is presented in King and others (2011) and Kokaly and others (2013).

REFERENCES CITED Jadran Khost Clark, R.N., Swayze, G.A., Wise, R.A., Livo, K.E., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R.F., and Sutley, S.J., 2007, USGS 369 369 digital spectral library splib06a: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 231. Miri (Andar) 3155 (Matun) King, T.V.V., Kokaly, R.F., Hoefen, T.M., Dudek, K.B., and Livo, K.E., 2011, Surface materials map of Afghanistan; iron-bearing minerals and other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Kaparay Map 3152–B, one sheet, scale 1:1,100,000. Shamal Dadwal Kokaly, R.F., King, T.V.V., and Hoefen, T.M., 2013, Surface mineral maps of Afghanistan derived from HyMap™ imaging spectrometer data, version 2: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 787. Kokaly, R.F., King, T.V.V., and Livo, K.E., 2008, Airborne hyperspectral survey of Afghanistan 2007; flight 3232 3061 line planning and HyMap™ data collection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–1235, 14 p. Shekhamir

2360 Kalay 68°00' 30' 69°00' 30' 70°00' 15' 15' 34°00' 2526 Saydabad Puli Alam Khushi Ali Khel Tani Baraki Dand (Dara Darang) 3638 WARDAK LOGAR PAKISTAN Mata Chamkani Lija Mangal Qarabagh Khan 3448 2961 Spera Sayid Karam Jani Khel Charkh Dado Nika 3005 Jaghatu (Zana Khan) Gardez Zambar Ghazni Jaghatuyi Ghazni PAKTYA Musa Khel Sharan 30' (Bahrami Shahid) Ramak Khost Mela 367 367 Zurmat Shwak GHAZNI KHOST Khost Jadran (Matun) Miri (Andar) Dadwal 2459 Ziruk Shamal 1662 Mata Khan Kaparay Qarabagh Nika Spera Tani Sar Hawza 2705 Ziruk Shekhamir Kalay 2911 Sharan 3369 Pana PAKTIKA Sar Hawza Pana PAKISTAN 3079 33°00' 3001 366 366 Figure 1.—Provinces and selected cities, towns, and villages in the map area. Topography is shown as shaded relief. 3110 70° 72° 2629 39°

64° 66° 68° 74° 76° 2451 PAKISTAN 38°

62° 37°

33°00' 33°00' 60° 4 4 5 5 36° 68°00' 1 2 4 4 0000 m 4 4 4 5 5 5 0000 m 5 8 9 70°00' 15' 4 5 E 30' 6 7 45' 8 49 69°00' 51 52 15' 3 4 30' 5 E 6 45'

35° Cultural data from digital files from Afghanistan Information Any use of firm, trade, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Management Service (http://www.aims.org.af) Suggested citation: King, T.V.V., Hoefen, T.M., Kokaly, R.F., Livo, K.E., Giles, S.A., and Johnson, M.R., 2013, Hyperspectral surface SCALE 1:250 000 34° materials map of quadrangle 3368, Ghazni (515) and Gardez (516) quadrangles, Afghanistan, showing iron-bearing minerals and 515 516 Projection: Universal Transverse Mercator, Zone 42, 5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 KILOMETERS other materials: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2013–1210–B, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000, 3368 WGS 1984 Datum http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131210B. 33° 5 0 5 10 15 20 MILES ISSN 2331-1258 (online) http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20131210B 32° LOCATION MAP Afghanistan 1:250,000-scale topographic 31° series quadrangles shown in blue USGS/AGS 1:250,000-scale quadrangle

30° shown in red HyMapTM imaging spectrometer data-coverage area shown in gray HYPERSPECTRAL SURFACE MATERIALS MAP OF QUADRANGLE 3368, GHAZNI (515) AND GARDEZ (516) QUADRANGLES, AFGHANISTAN, 29° SHOWING IRON-BEARING MINERALS AND OTHER MATERIALS By Trude V.V. King, Todd M. Hoefen, Raymond F. Kokaly, Keith E. Livo, Stuart A. Giles, and Michaela R. Johnson 2013