DOCSLIB.ORG

Clans, Tribes and Their Locality in Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Clans, Tribes and Their Locality in Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq Appendix Clans, Tribes and Their Locality in Chechnya, Albania, Afghanistan and Iraq While compiling the lists with clans the author found that in some cases lists do not (completely) overlap. Since the sources are trustworthy, they are indicated here. This shows the importance of correct knowledge of clans and their influence in the areas they are inhabiting. 1 Clans in Chechnya1 Confederation Clans Localisation A’kkhiï Bartchakhoï, J’evoï, Ziogoï, In the east of Chechnya, Pkhiartchoï, Pkhiartchakhoï, near Daghestan; North of Nokkhoï, Va’ppiï Daghestan Malkhiï Amkhoï, Bia’stiï, Bienastkhoï, In the south west of Italtchkhoï, Kamalkhoï, Chechnya, along the frontier Kkhoratkhoï, Kiegankhoï, with Ingushetia and Georgia Mechiï, Sakankhoï, Teratkhoï, Tchiarkhoï, Erkhoï, Yamkhoï Nokhtchmakhkoï Aïtkhaloï, Belguiatoï, Benoï, East, Southeast and part of Biltoï, Guandarguenoï, central Chechnya Guiordaloï, Gouonoï, Zandak’oï, Ikhiiroï, Ichkhoï, Kourchaloï, Sessankhoï, Tchermoï, Tsientaroï, Tchartoï, Eguiachbatoï, Enakkhaloï, Enganoï, Chouonoï, Yalkhoï, Yaliroï Terloï Nik’aroï, O’chniï, Cho’ndiï, Along the Tchanty-Argun Eltpkh’arkhoï 1 M.A. Mamakaev. Le taipe (lignee) tchétchène dans la période de sa désintégration (Grozny: Maison d’édition tchétchéno-ingouche, 1973), 18–19 in Viacheslav Avioutskii, 54. © koninklijke brill nv, leiden, ���� | doi:10.1163/9789004415485_013 Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> �36 APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY Confederation Clans Localisation Tchianti Borzoï, Bouguiaroï, Along the river Khildekh’aroï, Do’rakhoï, Tchanty-Argun Khouokkhadoï, Kh’atcharoï, Toumsoï Tchebarloï Diaï, Makajoï, Sadoï, Sandak- Southeast of Chechnya, the hoï, Sikkhoï, Sirkhoï northern part of the valley of the Charo-Argun Charoï Kinkhoï, Rigakhoï, Khikhoï, Central Chechnya, along the Khoï, Kh’akmadoï, Chik’aroï river Tchanty-Argun Chouotoï Varandoï, Vachandaroï, Valley of low Martan Guiattoï, Keloï, Marchoï, (Fortanga) Nijaloï, Nikhaloï, Pkh’amtoï, Sa’toï, Kh’akkoï Erchtkhoï Galoï, Guiandaloï, Guiartchoï, Merjoï, Moujakhoï, Tsietchoï 2 Clans in Albania2 Region Clans Malësia e Madhe Kelmendi Gruda Hoti Kastrati Shkreli Triesh Pulat Plani Xhani Kiri Suma Drishti Dukagjin Shala Shoshi Shllaku Mazreku 2 Robert Elsie, The Tribes of Albania, History, Society and Culture (London, IB Taurus, 2015). Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY �37 Region Clans Dushmani Toplana Other sources: Kiri Xhani Plani Gjakova highlands Nikaj Mërturi Krasniqi Gashi Bytyçi Puka Qerreti Puka Kabashi Berisha Thaçi Mali i Zi Mirdita Skana Dibrri Fani Kushneni Oroshi Spaqi Kthella Selita Lezha Highlands Bulgëri Kryezezi Manatia Vela Kruja Highlands Kurbini Ranza Benda Mat region Bushkashi Mati Upper Drin basin Hasi Luma Lura Arrëni Dibra Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> �38 APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY 3 Tribes in Iraq3 Confederation Tribe Region Shammar Toqa Central Iraq Jarba North-northwest Dulaym (connected to Jannabiyin, Ubayd, Western province of Anbar, being of Zubaydi origin) around Ramadi Jibur In the north along the rivers as far as Mosul and Khabur Al-Tikriti Albu Nasir Khaza’il-al Al Shallal Baghdad area Al Salaman Anizah Near the border between Iraq and Syria to the east bank of the Euphrates Hushaim (of Shammar origin) Along the Euphrates Al Aqrah (of Shammar origin) Along the Shatt al Dagharah Zubaydi (Dulaymi, Jibur, Ubayd albu Amir Originally from Yemen, they are of the Zubaydi stock) live scattered throughout Iraq Ubayd Between Mosul and Baghdad, on the river banks of the Tigris Another Division of Tribes in Iraq4: Al Glall Al Hassan Unizzah Albuh Mohammed Al Ozairij Bano Bayat Al Zobayd Al Rabi’h Albu Timin Al Montifig 3 Hussein D. Hassan, Iraq: Tribal Structure, Social, and Political Activities, crs Report for Con- gress, March 15, 2007. 4 “Tribes in Afghanistan”, UN Assistance Mission for Iraq (unami), August 3, 2003, https:// www.refworld.org/docid/4693430d0.html, (accessed June 20 2019). Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY �39 Al Dufeer Al Motairat Al Asdy Al Kindy Bano Malik Al Khazraj Al Ribad Al Sawae’id Bano Lam Al Agr’a Albu Yaser Al Khaz’il Al Fatla Al Jubour Al Laith Al Hawashim Al Janaby Al Qaraghoul Dulaim Al Ssalhi Al Dduri ‘Ateeghi Al Qarah Somaida’ Al Nifeesah Al Takaretah Al Samarray Tkrity Sinjar Shammar Kurdish Tribes5 Confederacy Tribe Location Delo Gash, Jamrezi, Karez, Khush mountains to Sarkala Panjankushti, Salim Waysi, and Khanaqin [Diyala] Taskawand 5 Mehrad R Izady, Kurds: A Concise Handbook (Washington, Taylor and Francis, 1992), in Foreign Office, Country Policy and Information Note, Iraq: Blood Feuds, August 2017, 9–12, Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> �40 APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY Confederacy Tribe Location Dizai/Dizay Gondola (Gontola), Erbil to Trigris river Maman, Piran Hamawand Begzada, Chingini, Chamchamal [Sulamaniyah] Kafrushi, Mamand, Piriyai, to Sirwan river and Bazayn Ramawand, Rashwand, region Safarwand, Shitabisar, Sofiawand Jaf Amala, Badghi, Baseri, Sulaymaniyah to Klar and Bashki, Haruni, Isai, Ismail Halabja Uzhayri, Jalali (Galala), Jawanrudi, Kamali, Mikaeli, Muradi, Nawroli, Pisht- male, Rashubari, Rogai, Sadani, Safiwand, Shatri, Shaykh Ismaili, Tarkhari, Tawgozi, Yazbanbakuk, Yarwaysi, Yusifjani Keza/Kaza Sandula Begi, Kokha Shi Kifir to Chinchaldan Bahram, Sarkala Pahla/Fayli Bapirvand, Braspi, In pockets from Baquba, Chaydarvand, Dustalivand, northeast of Baghdad to Guran, Haywari, Jabirvand, Khuzistan [Iran] Jugi, Kalkuh, Khizirvand, Kowkirvand, Mamasivand, Nowruzrand, Osivand, Papi, Shakarbegi, Sharaka, Sulamankahni, Zargush Sharan/Shiwan Bazayni, Khasa North of Kirkuk, between Khasa and Zeh rivers Zand Alyan (Elyan), Gheni Kifri to Sirwin river (Qini), Mamsalih, Tayer Around Raniya [Sulamaniyah] Khani Ako Baban (Babani) North of Kirkuk and in Khanaqin https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/641597/Iraq_-_Blood_feuds_-_CPIN_-_version_1_0.pdf, (accessed July 30 2019). Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY �41 Confederacy Tribe Location Belikan (Balik, Balikiyan) Between Rawanduz [Erbil] and Rayat in Balik Heights [Erbil] Barzanji (Berzinji) Barzanji (Berzinji) Bayati Tuz Khurmatu [Salah al-Din] to Kifiri Bazanyni (Shaykh Bazayni) Erbil to Kirkuk Boli South of Bilek Chigini North of Sulamaniyah Dumbuli (Dunbeli) Shaykhan [Ninewah] Daudi (Dawde) Tawq, Kifri to Tuz Khurmatu Gakhar (Qara Tapa) Girdi North of Erbil and Koy Sanjaq Homermil Sarkala to Kocha Sanjaq Jabbari (Jebzari) Kirkuk to Chamchamal and Laylan [Kirkuk] Kakai Kirkuk to Tuz Khurmatu Khalkan (Khalkani) Northern Balik Mountains and north-east of Erbil Khoshnaw Around Shaqlawa Kura Erbil to Shaqlawa Laylani Laylan Palhani Zanabad to Qara Tapa Pizhdar Peshdar. Around Qala Diza Salhi Between Kirkuk and Qara Hasan. Also in Damascus, Syria Sherwan North of Rawanduz [Erbil] Siyan North of Kirkuk Surchi Middle course of the Greater Zab river to Rawanduz Talabani (Telshani) In pockets south-east of Kirkuk, northeast of Klar Talshani Ski Kifri to Zardawa Zangana Kifri to Klar Zarari North of Basturicha Zudi Rawanduz region Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> �4� APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY Assyrian Tribes6 Tribe Location Area Albaq Barwar Northern Iraq Baz Konak (Hakkari) Botan Sirnak province and Darwodiya Chal Chal region Diz Bash-Kalak Gawar northern Iraq Halim Jilu Kasran Nochiya Baghdad, Iraqi Kurdistan Region Qodchanis Konak (Hakkari) Taimar Tkhuna Gunduktha Mazra Tyari (lower) Ashitha Hakkari and northern Iraq Bnematha Biraul Lizen Minianish Muelgipa Sulbag Zawita Nouhara Tyari (upper) Banimatu Hakkari and Dohuk province Byalta Kelaita Lakina Romta Geramon 6 The Assyrian tribes are situated in the border region between Iraq, Turkey, Iran and Syr- ia. Though the author has tried to make a list of Iraqi tribes, there are tribes that do live across the border with neighbouring states. “List of Assyrian Tribes”, https://ipfs.io/ipfs/ QmXoypizjW3WknFiJnKLwHCnL72vedxjQkDDP1mXWo6uco/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_tribes .html, (accessed July 11 2019). Charlotte Hille - 9789004415485 Downloaded from Brill.com09/25/2021 09:42:10PM via free access <UN> APPENDIX: CLANS, TRIBES AND THEIR LOCALITY �43 Tribe Location Area Urmia Baradost Margawar Salamas Somai Tergawar Ushnuk Walto Walto river, upper Zab 4 Clans in Afghanistan Pashtun Tribes7 Confederacy Tribe Clans Durrani super Barakzai Clan Angizai, Ghaibizai, Hutmanzai, tribe (Zirak) Khirzai, Khunsezai, Muhamadzai/ Muhammadzai, Nasratzai, Suliman- zai, Umarkhanzai, Bakilzai, Guru- jizai, Khanchazai, Malikdinzai, Nasinzai, Sherzai, Sundarzai Khugiani Clan Gulbaz, Khabast, Kharbun/Khair- (Panjpai) bun, Khyrbun/Karbun, Sherzad, Wazir/Vaziri/Laili Nurzai Clan Adinzai, Adozai, Alizai, Badizai/ (Panjpai) Badizae, Chalakzai/Chalakzae, Ghorizai, Gurgan, Jamalzai, Jiji, Kurezai, Mirgian, Pataz, Samizai, Umarzai Daulatzai super Khadi and Barat Ali Shah Khel, Angurai, Jinigar and tribe Hassan Khel, Qalandar Khel, Sultan Khel, Tsapparai
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Instituti Albanologjik I Prishtinës
    Begzad BALIU Onomastikë dhe identitet Prof.asc.dr. Begzad BALIU Onomastikë dhe identitet Recensues Prof. dr. Bahtijar Kryeziu Shtëpia botuese Era, Prishtinë, 2012 Botimin e këtij libri e ka përkrahur Drejtoria për Kulturë e Komunës së Prishtinës 2 Begzad BALIU ONOMASTIKË DHE IDENTITET Era Prishtinë, 2012 3 4 Bardhës, Erës, Enit, fëmijëve të mi! 5 6 PËRMBAJTJA PARATHËNIE E RECENSUESIT. ..............................11 HYRJE ..... .....................................................................15 I ONOMASTIKA E KOSOVËS - NDËRMJET MITEVE DHE IDENTITEVE ......................................................... 19 I. 1. Onomastika si fat ...................................................... 19 I. 2. Onomastika dhe origjina e shqiptarëve ..................... 21 I. 3. Onomastika dhe politika ........................................... 24 II. 1. Etnonimi kosovar..................................................... 27 II. 2. Ruajtja e homogjenitetit .......................................... 29 II. 3. Toponimi Kosovë dhe etnonimi kosovar ................ 30 III. 1. Konteksti shqiptaro-sllav i toponimisë................... 35 III. 2. Ndeshja: struktura e toponimisë ............................. 36 III. 3. Struktura shumështresore e toponimisë së Kosovës .......................................................................................... 39 III. 4. Konteksti ................................................................ 40 III. 5. Standardizimi i toponimisë dhe gjuha .................... 43 III. 6. Standardizimi i toponimisë - goditja
    [Show full text]
  • Judicial Officers Interested for 1 Kanal Plots-Jalozai
    JUDICIAL OFFICERS INTERESTED FOR 1 KANAL PLOTS‐JALOZAI S.No Emp_name Designation Working District 1 Mr. Anwar Ali District & Sessions Judge, Peshawar 2 Mr. Sharif Ahmad Member Inspection Team, Peshawar High Court, Peshawar 3 Mr. Ishtiaq Ahmad Administrative Judge, Accountability Courts, Peshawar 4 Syed Kamal Hussain Shah Judge, Anti‐Corruption (Central), Peshawar 5 Mr. Khawaja Wajih‐ud‐Din OSD, Peshawar High Court, Peshawar 6 Mr. Fazal Subhan Judge, Anti‐Terrorism Court, Abbottabad 7 Mr. Shahid Khan Administrative Judge, ATC Courts, Malakand Division, Dir Lower (Timergara) 8 Dr. Khurshid Iqbal Director General, KP Judicial Academy, Peshawar 9 Mr. Muhammad Younas Khan Judge, Anti‐Terrorism Court, Mardan 10 Mrs. Farah Jamshed Judge on Special Task, Peshawar 11 Mr. Inamullah Khan District & Sessions Judge, D.I.Khan 12 Mr. Muhammad Younis Judge on Special Task, Peshawar 13 Mr. Muhammad Adil Khan District & Sessions Judge, Swabi 14 Mr. Muhammad Hamid Mughal Member, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Service Tribunal, Peshawar 15 Mr. Shafiq Ahmad Tanoli OSD, Peshawar High Court, Peshawar 16 Mr. Babar Ali Khan Judge, Anti‐Terrorism Court, Bannu 17 Mr. Abdul Ghafoor Qureshi Judge, Special Ehtesab Court, Peshawar 18 Mr. Muhammad Tariq Chairman, Drug Court, Peshawar 19 Mr. Muhammad Asif Khan District & Sessions Judge, Hangu 20 Mr. Muhammad Iqbal Khan Judge on Special Task, Peshawar 21 Mr. Nasrullah Khan Gandapur District & Sessions Judge, Karak 22 Mr. Ikhtiar Khan District & Sessions Judge, Buner Relieved to join his new assingment as Judge, 23 Mr. Naveed Ahmad Khan Accountability Court‐IV, Peshawar 24 Mr. Ahmad Sultan Tareen District & Sessions Judge, Kohat 25 Mr. Gohar Rehman District & Sessions Judge, Dir Lower (Timergara) Additional Member Inspection Team, Secretariat for 26 Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • CB Meeting PAK/AFG
    Polio Eradication Initiative Afghanistan Current Situation of Polio Eradication in Afghanistan Independent Monitoring Board Meeting 29-30 April 2015,Abu Dhabi AFP cases Classification, Afghanistan Year 2013 2014 2015 Reported AFP 1897 2,421 867 cases Confirmed 14 28 1 Compatible 4 6 0 VDPV2 3 0 0 Discarded 1876 2,387 717 Pending 0 0 *149 Total of 2,421 AFP cases reported in 2014 and 28 among them were confirmed Polio while 6 labelled* 123as Adequatecompatible AFP cases Poliopending lab results 26 Inadequate AFP cases pending ERC 21There Apr 2015 is one Polio case reported in 2015 as of 21 April 2015. Region wise Wild Poliovirus Cases 2013-2014-2015, Afghanistan Confirmed cases Region 2013 2014 2015 Central 1 0 0 East 12 6 0 2013 South east 0 4 0 Districts= 10 WPV=14 South 1 17 1 North 0 0 0 Northeast 0 0 0 West 0 1 0 Polio cases increased by 100% in 2014 Country 14 28 1 compared to 2013. Infected districts increased 2014 District= 19 from 10 to 19 in 2014. WPV=28 28 There30 is a case surge in Southern Region while the 25Eastern Region halved the number of cases20 in comparison14 to 2013 Most15 of the infected districts were in South, East10 and South East region in 2014. No of AFP cases AFP of No 1 2015 5 Helmand province reported a case in 2015 District= 01 WPV=01 after0 a period of almost two months indicates 13 14 15 Year 21continuation Apr 2015 of low level circulation. Non Infected Districts Infected Districts Characteristics of polio cases 2014, Afghanistan • All the cases are of WPV1 type, 17/28 (60%) cases are reported from Southern region( Kandahar-13, Helmand-02, and 1 each from Uruzgan and Zabul Province).
    [Show full text]
  • POLITIČKA UPOTREBA TRADICIJE CRNOJEVIĆA U XVIII I XIX VIJEKU Živko M
    POLITIČKA UPOTREBA TRADICIJE CRNOJEVIĆA U XVIII I XIX VIJEKU Živko M. Andrijašević Nacionalni i državotvorni pokreti balkanskih naroda, tokom XVIII i XIX vijeka, često su u srednjovjekovnoj državnoj tradi - ciji tražili ideološka uporišta za svoje političke ciljeve ili izvorišta svog političkog legitimiteta. Činjeno je to zbog toga što je svaka politička ideja XVIII i XIX vijeka, za koju se mogla pronaći istorijska osnova u srednjovjekovnoj državnoj tradiciji, doživljavana utemeljenom i opravdanom, dok je njeno prih - vatanje i slijeđenje, dobijalo ponekad značenje nacionalne oba - veze. Jedan primjer takvog korišćenja srednjovjekovne državne tradicije, odnosi se na upotrebu tradicije dinastije Crnojević u Crnoj Gori tokom XVIII i XIX vijeka. Dinastija Crnojević vladala je Zetom (Crnom Gorom) u dru - goj polovini XV vijeka. Prvi od tri vladara iz te dinastije, Stefan (Stefanica), došao je na čelo zetske države 1451. godine, a vla - dao je do 1464/65. godine. Naslijedio ga je sin Ivan, koji je vla - dao do 1490. godine. Ivan Crnojević se na početku vladavine su - kobio s Mletačkom Republikom, od koje je bezuspješno po ku - šavao da uzme pośede oko Kotora. Kad je njegovoj državi zapri - jetila opasnost od Osmanskoga carstva, izmirio se s Repu bli - kom. Ipak, Osmansko carstvo primoralo ga je na vazalni po ložaj i plaćanje godišnjega danka (1471). U vrijeme mletačko-osman - www. maticacrnogorska.me MATICA, zima 2010. 563 Živko M. Andrijašević skoga sukoba oko Skadra (1474), prešao je na stranu Mletačke Republike. Da bi osnažio odbranu svoje države, podigao je tvr - đavu Obod (1475). Kao mletačkoga saveznika osmanske snage su ga napale 1479. godine, pa je morao da pobjegne iz zemlje.
    [Show full text]
  • CROSS BORDER COOPERATION in SHKODRA Prospective Euro-Region Or a Pending Effort?
    ALBANIAN INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDIES CROSS BORDER COOPERATION IN SHKODRA Prospective Euro-Region or a Pending Effort? Tirana, 2006 1 Principal Researcher Gjergji Vurmo Editor Eno Trimçev ©Copyright 2006 Albanian Institute for International Studies (AIIS) Albanian Institute for International Studies (AIIS) Rr. “Deshmoret e 4 Shkurtit”, Nr. 7/1, Tirana, Albania Tel: + 355 42 488 53 Fax: +355 42 703 37 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.aiis-albania.org 2 Acknowledgements ________________________________________________________________________ The Albanian Institute for International Studies (AIIS) is grateful to the US Embassy in Tirana for the financial support granted for the implementation of this project. We would like to thank in particular a large number of experts and local stakeholders in Shkodra whose input was crucial for the preparation of this study. AIIS takes this opportunity to express its gratitude to the Municipality of Shkodra, “Luigj Gurakuqi” University, Regional Environment Center (Shkodra Office), ACIT (Tirana), Chamber of Commerce (Shkodra), Shkodra Prefecture, GTZ (Tirana Office), as well as other institutions for their generously provided assistance during the field work and the round table consultations. We would also like to thank Ms. Zemaida Kastrati – Mozali, Mrs. Djana Bejko, Mr. Anton Leka, Mr. Ilir Ciko, Mr. Bledar Striniqi, Mr. Ismail Beka, Mr. Daniele Pedretti for contributing their fresh points of view and valuable suggestions and valuable expertise to this work. 3 Table of Contents
    [Show full text]
  • The Haqqani Network in Kurram the Regional Implications of a Growing Insurgency
    May 2011 The haQQani NetworK in KURR AM THE REGIONAL IMPLICATIONS OF A GROWING INSURGENCY Jeffrey Dressler & Reza Jan All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. ©2011 by the Institute for the Study of War and AEI’s Critical Threats Project Cover image courtesy of Dr. Mohammad Taqi. the haqqani network in kurram The Regional Implications of a Growing Insurgency Jeffrey Dressler & Reza Jan A Report by the Institute for the Study of War and AEI’s Critical Threats Project ACKNOWLEDGEMENts This report would not have been possible without the help and hard work of numerous individuals. The authors would like to thank Alex Della Rocchetta and David Witter for their diligent research and critical support in the production of the report, Maggie Rackl for her patience and technical skill with graphics and design, and Marisa Sullivan and Maseh Zarif for their keen insight and editorial assistance. The authors would also like to thank Kim and Fred Kagan for their necessary inspiration and guidance. As always, credit belongs to many, but the contents of this report represent the views of the authors alone. taBLE OF CONTENts Introduction.....................................................................................1 Brief History of Kurram Agency............................................................1 The Mujahideen Years & Operation Enduring Freedom .............................. 2 Surge of Sectarianism in Kurram ...........................................................4 North Waziristan & The Search for New Sanctuary.....................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Of Time, Honor, and Memory: Oral Law in Albania
    Oral Tradition, 23/1 (2008): 3-14 Of Time, Honor, and Memory: Oral Law in Albania Fatos Tarifa This essay provides a historical account of the role of oral tradition in passing on from generation to generation an ancient code of customary law that has shaped and dominated the lives of northern Albanians until well into the mid-twentieth century. This traditional body of customary law is known as the Kode of Lekë Dukagjini. It represents a series of norms, mores, and injunctions that were passed down by word of mouth for generations and reputedly originally formulated by Lekë Dukagjini, an Albanian prince and companion-in-arms to Albania’s national hero, George Kastriot Skanderbeg (1405-68). Lekë Dukagjini ruled the territories of Pulati, Puka, Mirdita, Lura, and Luma in northern Albania—known today as the region of Dukagjini—until the Ottoman armies seized Albania’s northernmost city of Shkodër in 1479. Throughout the past five to six centuries this corpus of customary law has been referred to as Kanuni i Lekë Dukagjinit, Kanuni i Malsisë (the Code of the Highlands), or Kanuni i maleve (the Code of the Mountains). The “Code” is an inexact term, since Kanun, deriving from the Greek kanon, simultaneously signifies “norm,” “rule,” and “measure.” The Kanun, but most particularly the norm of vengeance, or blood taking, as its standard punitive apparatus, continue to this day to be a subject of historical, sociological, anthropological, and juridical interest involving various theoretical frames of reference from the dominant trends of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to today. The Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini was not the only customary law in Albania.
    [Show full text]
  • UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order Online
    UNDER ORDERS: War Crimes in Kosovo Order online Table of Contents Acknowledgments Introduction Glossary 1. Executive Summary The 1999 Offensive The Chain of Command The War Crimes Tribunal Abuses by the KLA Role of the International Community 2. Background Introduction Brief History of the Kosovo Conflict Kosovo in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Kosovo in the 1990s The 1998 Armed Conflict Conclusion 3. Forces of the Conflict Forces of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslav Army Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs Paramilitaries Chain of Command and Superior Responsibility Stucture and Strategy of the KLA Appendix: Post-War Promotions of Serbian Police and Yugoslav Army Members 4. march–june 1999: An Overview The Geography of Abuses The Killings Death Toll,the Missing and Body Removal Targeted Killings Rape and Sexual Assault Forced Expulsions Arbitrary Arrests and Detentions Destruction of Civilian Property and Mosques Contamination of Water Wells Robbery and Extortion Detentions and Compulsory Labor 1 Human Shields Landmines 5. Drenica Region Izbica Rezala Poklek Staro Cikatovo The April 30 Offensive Vrbovac Stutica Baks The Cirez Mosque The Shavarina Mine Detention and Interrogation in Glogovac Detention and Compusory Labor Glogovac Town Killing of Civilians Detention and Abuse Forced Expulsion 6. Djakovica Municipality Djakovica City Phase One—March 24 to April 2 Phase Two—March 7 to March 13 The Withdrawal Meja Motives: Five Policeman Killed Perpetrators Korenica 7. Istok Municipality Dubrava Prison The Prison The NATO Bombing The Massacre The Exhumations Perpetrators 8. Lipljan Municipality Slovinje Perpetrators 9. Orahovac Municipality Pusto Selo 10. Pec Municipality Pec City The “Cleansing” Looting and Burning A Final Killing Rape Cuska Background The Killings The Attacks in Pavljan and Zahac The Perpetrators Ljubenic 11.
    [Show full text]
  • AFGHANISTAN - Base Map KYRGYZSTAN
    AFGHANISTAN - Base map KYRGYZSTAN CHINA ± UZBEKISTAN Darwaz !( !( Darwaz-e-balla Shaki !( Kof Ab !( Khwahan TAJIKISTAN !( Yangi Shighnan Khamyab Yawan!( !( !( Shor Khwaja Qala !( TURKMENISTAN Qarqin !( Chah Ab !( Kohestan !( Tepa Bahwddin!( !( !( Emam !( Shahr-e-buzorg Hayratan Darqad Yaftal-e-sufla!( !( !( !( Saheb Mingajik Mardyan Dawlat !( Dasht-e-archi!( Faiz Abad Andkhoy Kaldar !( !( Argo !( Qaram (1) (1) Abad Qala-e-zal Khwaja Ghar !( Rostaq !( Khash Aryan!( (1) (2)!( !( !( Fayz !( (1) !( !( !( Wakhan !( Khan-e-char Char !( Baharak (1) !( LEGEND Qol!( !( !( Jorm !( Bagh Khanaqa !( Abad Bulak Char Baharak Kishim!( !( Teer Qorghan !( Aqcha!( !( Taloqan !( Khwaja Balkh!( !( Mazar-e-sharif Darah !( BADAKHSHAN Garan Eshkashem )"" !( Kunduz!( !( Capital Do Koh Deh !(Dadi !( !( Baba Yadgar Khulm !( !( Kalafgan !( Shiberghan KUNDUZ Ali Khan Bangi Chal!( Zebak Marmol !( !( Farkhar Yamgan !( Admin 1 capital BALKH Hazrat-e-!( Abad (2) !( Abad (2) !( !( Shirin !( !( Dowlatabad !( Sholgareh!( Char Sultan !( !( TAKHAR Mir Kan Admin 2 capital Tagab !( Sar-e-pul Kent Samangan (aybak) Burka Khwaja!( Dahi Warsaj Tawakuli Keshendeh (1) Baghlan-e-jadid !( !( !( Koran Wa International boundary Sabzposh !( Sozma !( Yahya Mussa !( Sayad !( !( Nahrin !( Monjan !( !( Awlad Darah Khuram Wa Sarbagh !( !( Jammu Kashmir Almar Maymana Qala Zari !( Pul-e- Khumri !( Murad Shahr !( !( (darz !( Sang(san)charak!( !( !( Suf-e- (2) !( Dahana-e-ghory Khowst Wa Fereng !( !( Ab) Gosfandi Way Payin Deh Line of control Ghormach Bil Kohestanat BAGHLAN Bala !( Qaysar !( Balaq
    [Show full text]
  • Custodians of Culture and Biodiversity
    Custodians of culture and biodiversity Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen for IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland The opinions expressed in this manual are those of the authors and do not nec - essarily represent those of IFAD. The designations employed and the presenta - tion of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IFAD concerning the legal status of any country, terri - tory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The designations “developed” and “developing” countries are in - tended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached in the development process by a particular country or area. This manual contains draft material that has not been subject to formal re - view. It is circulated for review and to stimulate discussion and critical comment. The text has not been edited. On the cover, a detail from a Chinese painting from collections of Anita Kelles-Viitanen CUSTODIANS OF CULTURE AND BIODIVERSITY Indigenous peoples take charge of their challenges and opportunities Anita Kelles-Viitanen For IFAD Funded by the IFAD Innovation Mainstreaming Initiative and the Government of Finland Table of Contents Executive summary 1 I Objective of the study 2 II Results with recommendations 2 1. Introduction 2 2. Poverty 3 3. Livelihoods 3 4. Global warming 4 5. Land 5 6. Biodiversity and natural resource management 6 7. Indigenous Culture 7 8. Gender 8 9.
    [Show full text]
  • Afganistan'in Yeniden Inşasinda Türkiye'nin Rolü
    T.C SAKARYA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ AFGANİSTAN’IN YENİDEN İNŞASINDA TÜRKİYE’NİN ROLÜ (2001-2011) DOKTORA TEZİ Mehmet YILDIZ Enstitü Anabilim Dalı: Uluslararası İlişkiler Enstitü Bilim Dalı : Uluslararası İlişkiler Tez Danışmanı: Doç. Dr. G. Saynur DERMAN OCAK - 2014 ÖNSÖZ Bu tezin yazılması aşamasında, çalışmamı sahiplenerek titizlikle takip eden danışmanım Doç. Dr. G. Saynur Derman’a değerli katkı ve emekleri için içten teşekkürlerimi ve saygılarımı sunarım. Prof. Dr. Mehmet Alpargu ve Yrd. Doç. Dr. Filiz Cicioğlu bütün süreç boyunca her anlamda yanımda olmuş, desteğini ve katkılarını esirgememiştir. Savunma sınavı sırasında jüri üyeleri Prof. Dr. Esra Hatipoğlu ve Doç. Dr. Zeynel Abidin Kılınç da çalışmamın son haline gelmesine değerli katkılar yapmışlardır. Bu vesileyle tüm hocalarıma ve tezimin son okumasında yardımlarını esirgemeyen arkadaşlarıma teşekkürlerimi borç bilirim. Son olarak bu günlere ulaşmamda emeklerini hiçbir zaman ödeyemeyeceğim eşime, anneme ve aileme şükranlarımı sunarım. Mehmet YILDIZ 15.01.2014 İÇİNDEKİLER KISALTMALAR ............................................................................................................ v TABLO LİSTESİ ......................................................................................................... viii ŞEKİL LİSTESİ ............................................................................................................. ix ÖZET ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sectarian Violence in Pakistan's Kurram Agency
    Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) Brief Number 40 Sectarian Violence in Pakistan’s Kurram Agency Suba Chandran 22nd September 2008 About the Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) The Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) was established in the Department of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford, UK, in March 2007. It serves as an independent portal and neutral platform for interdisciplinary research on all aspects of Pakistani security, dealing with Pakistan's impact on regional and global security, internal security issues within Pakistan, and the interplay of the two. PSRU provides information about, and critical analysis of, Pakistani security with particular emphasis on extremism/terrorism, nuclear weapons issues, and the internal stability and cohesion of the state. PSRU is intended as a resource for anyone interested in the security of Pakistan and provides: • Briefing papers; • Reports; • Datasets; • Consultancy; • Academic, institutional and media links; • An open space for those working for positive change in Pakistan and for those currently without a voice. PSRU welcomes collaboration from individuals, groups and organisations, which share our broad objectives. Please contact us at [email protected] We welcome you to look at the website available through: http://spaces.brad.ac.uk:8080/display/ssispsru/Home Other PSRU Publications The following papers are freely available through the Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) • Report Number 1. The Jihadi Terrain in Pakistan: An Introduction to the Sunni Jihadi Groups in Pakistan and Kashmir • Brief number 32: The Political Economy of Sectarianism: Jhang • Brief number 33. Conflict Transformation and Development in Pakistan’s North • Western Territories • Brief number 34.
    [Show full text]