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JAPCC Journal Ed. 31 Edition 31, Winter / Spring 2021 PAGE 6 PAGE 32 PAGE 80 The Need for Speed Cybersecurity Challenges Italian Bio-transport More and Better Military Leverage New Technologies in During COVID-19 Tools are Not Enough Modern Battle fields Blueprint for the Alliance UNBEATABLE. F LY European air sovereignty will prevail thanks to the Future Combat Air System. At its heart is the Air Combat Cloud. By combining platform capabilities, it makes any military operation more powerful than the sum of its parts. Developed by Airbus and its European industrial partners, it means a stronger Europe ready to face any threat independently. Connectivity. We make it fly. airbus.com Editorial As I near the end of my five years in Kalkar it is my NATO Space Education’ and ‘Exploring Synergistic privilege to introduce the 31st edition of Trans- Potential of the Portuguese Space Strategy’. The forming Joint Air and Space Power – The Journal of Journal moves on to a View Point on ‘Electromag- the JAPCC. Throughout my time here as the Chief netic Operations in “Grey Zone” Conflicts’ inspiring of Staff, I have worked with a tremendous team thoughts on a new undeclared form of warfare; from our 16 sponsoring nations as well as more and last but not least, ‘Italian Bio-transport during than 100 contributing authors from around the COVID-19’ examines a number of relevant con- world who have provided timely and thought- siderations during this challenging time and the provoking contributions to inform the Air and importance of such a critical capability. Space Power Community of Interest on challenges facing the NATO Alliance and our partners. The JAPCC has been at the forefront of Joint Air and Space transformation since its founding in 2005, Issue 31 addresses some hot topics in the Alliance which prompted us to develop a historical volume today including 4th and 5th Generation systems documenting the first 15 years of JAPCC work. In- integration, emerging hypersonic technologies, cluded with this issue of the Journal is an 8-page AI support to Battlespace Management, and the Gatefold flyer to provide a preview of the book, evolution of the Cyberspace and Space domains which will detail the substantial return on invest- in NATO. ment NATO has received from the JAPCC thus far. Our Assistant Director Brigadier General Giuseppe Thank you for taking the time to read this edition Sgamba opens this Journal reflecting on a chal- of our Journal, I sincerely hope that it stimulates lenging 2020 and the ‘The Need for Speed’ to your thinking about important Air and Space Power remain the most advanced military in the world. issues facing our Alliance and our Nations. If it ‘Employment Considerations for 5th Generation prompts you to share your own thoughts as either Systems’ and ‘The Italian Air Force’s International a comment on a particular article, or by submitting Flight Training School’ address developments in an article you yourself have developed as an Air the Air domain. ‘Crossroads of Technologies and and Space Power practitioner, I encourage you to Authorities’ and ‘Future Battlespace Management’ reach out to us via our website: www.japcc.org, or highlight different aspects of C2 challenges com- via email: [email protected]. If you do not already ing along with modernization and new technology do so, you can also follow which goes in hand with ‘Cybersecurity Challenges us on Facebook, LinkedIn or with Emerging Technologies’. Twitter to keep abreast of the latest issues in our COI. The next two articles ‘Hypersonic Threats’ and ‘Distance no Longer Equals Protection’ take a criti- cal look into emerging hypersonic technologies. A selection of different challenges regarding emerging technologies in Space and the Space Brad A. Bredenkamp domain itself are covered in ‘NATO Space’, ‘Re- Colonel, US AF sponsive Space for NATO Operations’, ‘Shortfalls in Chief of Staff, JAPCC The Journal of the JAPCC welcomes unsolicited manuscripts. Please e-mail submissions to: [email protected] We encourage comments on the articles in order to promote discussion concerning Air and Space Power. Current and past JAPCC Journal issues can be downloaded from www.japcc.org/journals The Journal of the JAPCC Römerstraße 140 | D - 47546 Kalkar | Germany 08/12/2020 15:43 6 32 26 Table of Contents Leadership Perspective Hypersonic Threats 39 Hype or Game Changer for The Need for Speed NATO’s Deterrence? 6 More and Better Military Tools are Not Enough Distance No Longer Equals Protection Transformation & Capabilities 47 Development and Testing of Authorities and Planning Concepts for Hypersonic Employment Considerations for Strike Weapons 10 5th Generation Systems Incorporating F-35 Capabilities into NATO Space NATO-led Operations 53 Recognition versus Current Reality The Italian Air Force’s Responsive Space 17 International Flight Training School 58 for NATO Operations The Next Level of Training – Excellence for Military Pilots Shortfalls in NATO’s Space Education 64 JAPCC’s View on Crossroads of Potential Mitigation Methods 21 Technologies and Authorities Exploring Synergistic Potential Future Battlespace Management 68 of the Portuguese Space Strategy 26 Fighting and Winning in the Increasingly Complex Air Operations Environment of the Future Viewpoints Cybersecurity Challenges with Electromagnetic Operations in 32 Emerging Technologies 74 ‘Grey Zone’ Conflicts How to Leverage New Technologies The Tool of Revisionist Countries to in Modern Battlefields Confront the International Order 4 JAPCC | Journal Edition 31 | 2021 | Table of Contents Imprint: Transforming Joint Air & Space Power: The Journal of the JAPCC Director Joint Air Power Competence Centre Gen Jeffrey L. Harrigian Executive Director Joint Air Power Competence Centre 64 Lt Gen Klaus Habersetzer Editor Brig Gen Giuseppe Sgamba Assistant Editor Lt Col Daniel Wagner Production Manager / Advertising Manager Mr Simon J. Ingram Editorial Review Team Col Brad Bredenkamp Lt Col Henry Heren Lt Col Paul MacKenzie 53 Mr Adam T. Jux Purpose The JAPCC Journal aims to serve as a forum for the presentation and Copyrights stimulation of innovative thinking about Front F-35: © Torbjørn Kjosvold / Forsvaret; Landscape: Torbjørn Kjosvold / Forsvaret; Cover: Sky: Morten Hanche /Forsvaret; Waves of Communication: StarLine /Shutterstock.com strategic, operational and tactical aspects Ad 6: © Aeronautica Militare of Joint Air and Space Power. These Ad 26: Zumwalt: © US Navy; Tanks on the Mountain: © 2018 NATO JFCBS; X-47B: © US Navy, Erik Hildebrandt; include capability development, concept A-10C Thunderbolt: © US Air Force, Tech. Sgt Katie Justen; Joint Terminal Attack Controller: © US Army, Maj Kurt Rauschenberg; Typhoon: © Crown Copyright; PzH 2000: © NATO; Network Structure: and doctrine, techniques and procedures, © TheDigitalArtist /Pixabay.com; Landscape: © Pexels / Pixabay.com in teroperability, exercise and training, Ad 32: Soldiers: © Getmilitaryphotos / Shutterstock.com; Technological Background: force structure and readiness, etc. © Timofeev Vladimir / Shutterstock.com; Artwork Data Protection: © Rawpixel Ltd. / stock.adobe.com Ad 53: © FrameStockFootages /Shutterstock.com Disclaimer Ad 64: © OHB The views and opinions expressed or implied in the JAPCC Journal are those Out of the Box of the authors concerned and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of NATO. Italian Bio-transport During COVID-19 80 Blueprint for the Alliance – Terms of Use How the Italian Air Force Managed Unless particularly stated otherwise, all Bio-transport During the Pandemic content produced by JAPCC Journal authors is not subject to copyright and may be reproduced in whole or in part Inside the JAPCC without further permission. If any article or parts thereof are being reproduced, NATO Joint All-Domain Operations the JAPCC requests a courtesy line. In case of doubt, please contact us. 86 Countering Unmanned Aircraft Systems The JAPCC Journal made use of other The JAPCC Hosts 7th Annual JASPN parties’ intellectual property in compli- Meeting in a Virtual Environment ance with their terms of use, taking Collaborating During the Pandemic reasonable care to include originator source and copyright information in the appropriate credit line. The re-use of Book Reviews such material is guided by the originator’s terms of use. To obtain permission for st ‘Conflict in the 21 Century’ the reproduction of such material, please 90 ‘T-Minus AI’ contact the copyright owner of such material rather than the JAPCC. Denotes images digitally manipulated Follow us on Social Media JAPCC | Journal Edition 31 | 2021 | Table of Contents The Need for Speed More and Better Military Tools are Not Enough By Brigadier General Giuseppe Sgamba, IT AF, Assistant Director JAPCC Introduction very little warning. In order to counter and defend against these threats or better yet deter the actors 2020 was a challenging year, as we continued to pro- who pose them, we must be able to collectively vide deterrence and security for our Alliance in the lever age emerging technologies, network them to- face of the CoVID-19 Pandemic. I was impressed by gether, make decisions and apply power across all the way all of us continually found innovative ways to domains at the ‘Speed of Relevance’. Simply having work effectively together while remaining socially dis- more and better military tools is not enough, if those tanced. This is not the way we have traditionally func- tools and forces can be disrupted, degraded, de- tioned, neither within our militaries nor in the Alliance, ceived or delayed and cannot be employed in time to but we were able to leverage emerging technologies deliver decisive effects. and continue to advance NATO’s Air and Space Power to remain the strongest combined force in the world. Speed is a core tenet of Air Power. It allows us to cover great distances in a short period of time to mass forces With the continuing separation we face while our at the most effective point, or to react to incoming nations pursue the medical answers to this pandemic, threats quickly to deter or neutralize them. This also it is difficult to coordinate and make decisions rapidly enables us to provide an umbrella of Air Superiority without the face-to-face coordination we are used to.
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