Fifth Progress Report on the Implementation of the Common Set of Proposals Endorsed by EU and NATO Councils on 6 December 2016 and 5 December 2017
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'European Defence Matters' Magazine
2019 I ISSUE #17 EUROPEAN DEFENCE MATTERS years supporting 15 European defence CONTENTS LOOKING BACK AT 15 YEARS > Foreword by Federica Mogherini – Head of the Agency 3 > The Birth of an Agency – How it all began 4 > Flashback by Javier Solana – The first Head of the Agency looks back and ahead 6 > Cooperation pioneers, innovators, facilitators – Joint interview with EDA’s former & current Chief Executives 8 MEMBER STATES’ VIEW > Why EDA is the right intergovernmental platform for joint capability prioritisation, planning & development – by Finnish Defence Minister Antti Kaikkonen 14 EDA’S KEY ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE PAST 15 YEARS > Main architect of EU defence capability priorities 17 > Manager of European Defence Research 20 04 © European Council > The European hub for multinational capability development 23 > The military voice and interface for EU policies 26 > Europe’s training pitch for enhanced interoperability 29 > Guardian of coherence among EU defence cooperation tools 32 INDUSTRY TALK > MBDA’s new CEO Eric Béranger shares his views and analyses 35 NATO VIEW > By former NATO Assistant Secretary General for Defence Policy & Planning, Heinrich Brauss 38 PARTNER MESSAGES > Close partners, strong cooperation – Anniversary reflections by some of EDA’s main partners 40 08 OUTLOOK > Quo Vadis, EDA? – An outlook by Dick Zandee 44 Editor-in-Chief CONTACTS Helmut Brüls Elisabeth Schoeffmann Design Head of Media & Communication Simon Smith Associates Helmut Brüls Printing Media & Communication Officer Drukkerij Hendrix NV European Defence Agency Kiezel Kleine-Brogel 55, B-3990 Peer Rue des Drapiers 17-23 Belgium B-1050 Brussels This document is published by EDA in www.eda.europa.eu the interests of exchange of information Contact: [email protected] Front cover image; ©. -
European Defence and PESCO: Don't Waste the Chance
EU Integration and Differentiation for Effectiveness and Accountability Policy Papers No. 1 5 May 2020 European Defence and PESCO: Don’t Waste the Chance Sven Biscop This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 822622 European Defence and PESCO: Don’t Waste the Chance Sven Biscop Abstract Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) is a major initiative in diffe- rentiated integration within the EU in the field of defence. This paper as- sesses whether the legal framework (the 20 binding commitments), and the way the 25 participating member states have organised to imple- ment it, are sufficient to achieve the purpose of PESCO. Moreover, it asks the question whether there is a clear sense of purpose at all. Analysing the ongoing debates between the member states about the future of the Common Security and Defence Policy as a whole, the paper then pro- poses recommendations to make PESCO work: by focusing on a more concrete objective, by prioritising strategically relevant projects and by enhancing compliance. Sven Biscop, an honorary fellow of the European Security and Defence College (ESDC), is a professor at Ghent University, and the director of the Europe in the World programme at the Egmont – Royal Institute for International Relations in Brussels. The author warmly acknowledges the many officers, diplomats and officials, from various EU member states and EU institutions, with whom he is in permanent informal contact in Brussels; without this ongoing dialogue, this paper could not have been written. Thanks are also due to his partners in the EU IDEA pro- ject – Juha Jokela, Alessandro Marrone and Ester Sabatino – and to his colleague at Egmont, Brigadier-General (Ret.) Jo Coelmont. -
What Is Transformation?
NATO UNCLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED What is Transfor?mation NATO UNCLASSIFIED - PUBLICLY DISCLOSED NATO UNCLASSIFIED – PUBLICLY DISCLOSED Intentionally Blank NATO UNCLASSIFIED – PUBLICLY DISCLOSED NATO UNCLASSIFIED – PUBLICLY DISCLOSED What is Transformation? An Introduction to Allied Command Transformation (January 2015) NATO UNCLASSIFIED – PUBLICLY DISCLOSED NATO UNCLASSIFIED – PUBLICLY DISCLOSED WHAT IS TRANSFORMATION? – AN INTRODUCTION TO ALLIED COMMAND TRANSFORMATION TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword....................................................................................................................... i Preface......................................................................................................................... ii Chapter 1: Transformation – Definition, Strategic Environment and Role of ACT........ 1 Chapter 2: Transformation – Key Enablers & Tools..................................................... 5 Chapter 3: Transformation – Cooperation, Interaction & Engagement...................... 15 Chapter 4: Transformation – The Transatlantic Bond................................................ 25 Conclusion................................................................................................................. 26 Annex A: The ACT Command Structure Annex B: Glossary of Abbreviations NATO UNCLASSIFIED – PUBLICLY DISCLOSED NATO UNCLASSIFIED – PUBLICLY DISCLOSED Foreword (by Lieutenant General Phil Jones, Chief of Staff, Supreme Allied Commander Transformation) When Allied Command Transformation (ACT) -
JAPCC Annual Report 2019
2019 annual REPORT Joint Air Power Competence Centre Joint Air Power www.japcc.org Competence Centre Cover picture: Satellite: © ESA /AOES Medialab; Earth: © 2012 EUMETSAT; Background: © StarLine /shutterstock © This work is copyrighted. All Inquiries should be made to: The Editor, Joint Air Power Competence Centre (JAPCC), [email protected] Disclaimer This publication is a product of the JAPCC. It does not represent the opinions or policies of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and is designed to provide an independent overview, analysis, food for thought and recommendations regarding a possible way ahead on the subject. Release This document is releasable to the Public. Portions of the document may be quoted without permission, provided a standard source credit is included. Published and distributed by The Joint Air Power Competence Centre vonSeydlitzKaserne Römerstraße 140 47546 Kalkar Germany Telephone: +49 (0) 2824 90 2201 Facsimile: +49 (0) 2824 90 2208 EMail: [email protected] Website: www.japcc.org Denotes images digitally manipulated Follow us on Social Media JAPCC | annual REPORT 2019 1 foreword Today, NATO Air Forces stand on the verge of the at the peertopeer level. We must use the lessons most meaningful transformation of technology and learned from this and other exercises to evolve our capability in our history, a transformation which con Alliance into a connected, Joint All Domain fighting tinues to be enabled in part by the independent force that is agile and capable of acting at speed that thought and analysis from the recognized air and future conflicts will require. I have great confidence space power experts in the Joint Air Power Compe that our Nations and our people will work closely with tence Centre. -
Military Mobility
AT A GLANCE Military mobility Military logistics was defined by Baron Henri de Jomini as 'the practical art of moving armies'. In the event of an unpredictable crisis at any border of the European Union (EU), military personnel and equipment must be able to move rapidly across the territory. Currently, training and the movement of military assets across the continent is severely hampered by the lack of appropriate infrastructure and cumbersome customs procedures. This strategic weakness in European defence cooperation is being addressed by means of action on military mobility: an action plan by the European Commission, a project and commitment under permanent structured cooperation, and a key action for EU-NATO cooperation. Military mobility is meant to ensure the seamless movement of military equipment across the EU by reducing physical, legal and regulatory obstacles. Background The debate surrounding the EU as a global player has gathered new political momentum since the release of the EU Global Strategy (EUGS) in 2016. Seeing the world as being more connected, contested and complex, the EUGS 'starts at home'. In 2016 and 2017, given the increasingly unpredictable threat environment, EU Member States took major steps to cooperate more on defence issues. Such steps include formally activating the permanent structured cooperation (PESCO) mechanism with 25 participating Member States, establishing the European Defence Fund, creating a Coordinated annual review on defence and setting up an EU command for non-executive military common security and defence policy (CSDP) missions, the Military Planning and Conduct Capability. EU-NATO cooperation has also been formalised in 2016 and 2018 through two joint declarations. -
The New Eu Foreign Policy Architecture
THE NEW EU FOREIGN POLICY ARCHITECTURE REVIEWING THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF THE EEAS NIKLAS HELWIG PAUL IVAN HRANT KOSTANYAN CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES (CEPS) BRUSSELS The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is an independent policy research institute in Brussels. Its mission is to produce sound policy research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges facing Europe. The views expressed in this book are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed to CEPS or any other institution with which they are associated or to the European Union. Niklas Helwig is a Marie Curie Researcher of the EXACT network at the University of Edinburgh and Cologne and focuses on the institutional development of EU foreign policy. He worked for the Centre for European Policy Studies and the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. Paul Ivan is a Romanian diplomat. Previously, he worked as a researcher for the Centre for European Policy Studies, where he focused on EU political and institutional issues and the European External Action Service. Hrant Kostanyan is an associate research fellow at CEPS and a PhD candidate at the Centre for EU Studies at Ghent University. He worked as an external expert for International Alert, based in London, in the Eastern Europe and South Caucasus research project. He also worked as an expert on a European Commission-funded project on the EU’s relations with Russia and the Eastern Partnership at the EU Neighbourhood Info Centre. The authors thank Piotr Maciej Kaczyński for his comments on an earlier draft. ISBN 978-94-6138-262-7 © Copyright 2013, Centre for European Policy Studies and the authors. -
The Evolution of a Common EU Foreign, Security and Defence Policy
Chronology: The Evolution of a Common EU Foreign, Security and Defence Policy March 1948: Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the UK sign the Brussels Treaty of mutual defence. April 1949: The US, Canada and ten West European countries sign the North Atlantic Treaty . May 1952: The European Defence Community treaty is agreed by the six ECSC member states. It would have created a common European army, and permitted West Germany’s rearmament. In August 1954, the French National Assembly rejects the treaty. October 1954: The Western European Union (WEU) is created on the basis of the Brussels Treaty, and expanded to include Italy and West Germany. West Germany joins NATO. December 1969: At their summit in The Hague , the EC heads of state or government ask the foreign ministers to study ways to achieve progress in political unification. October 1970: The foreign ministers approve the Luxembourg Report , setting up European Political Cooperation. They will meet every six months, to coordinate their positions on international problems and agree common actions. They will be aided by a committee of the directors of political affairs (the Political Committee ). July 1973: The foreign ministers agree to improve EPC procedures in the Copenhagen Report . They will meet at least four times a year; the Political Committee can meet as often as necessary. European Correspondents and working groups will help prepare the Political Committee’s work. The Commission can contribute its views to proceedings. October 1981: Measures approved in the London Report include the crisis consultation mechanism: any three foreign ministers can convene an emergency EPC meeting within 48 hours. -
Speaker Biographies
2021 High-level Meeting of the Development Cooperation Forum Development cooperation for the Decade of Action: Reduce risk. Enable recovery. Build resilience. (6-7 May 2021, virtual) Speaker biographies . Opening of the 2021 DCF From old debates to a new Decade of Action: the future of development cooperation H.E. Mr. Munir Akram is currently the President of ECOSOC, Ambassador and Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations. Ambassador Akram previously served as Pakistan’s Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in New York for six years between 2002 and 2008, after serving as Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations in Geneva for seven years from 1995 to 2002. During his term at the United Nations, Ambassador Munir Akram served twice as President of the Security Council; President of the Economic and Social Council; Chairman of the Group of 77 and China (developing countries), and Facilitator on UN Administrative Reform. Ambassador Akram joined the Foreign Service of Pakistan in 1967, holding various positions in the Foreign Ministry as Additional Foreign Secretary and Director-General dealing with the United Nations. He obtained a Bachelor’s degree in Law and a Master’s degree in Political Science from the University of Karachi. Mr. Liu Zhenmin is the Under Secretary-General for the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Prior to his appointment, Mr. Liu was Vice-Minister for Foreign Affairs of China. Among his various diplomatic assignments, he served as Ambassador and Permanent Representative, Permanent Mission of the People’s Republic of China to the United Nations Office at Geneva and Other International Organizations in Switzerland. -
Outcome of the Council Meeting
Council of the EN European Union 6117/20 (OR. en) PROVISIONAL VERSION PRESSE 8 PR CO 8 OUTCOME OF THE COUNCIL MEETING 3747th Council meeting Foreign Affairs Brussels, 17 February 2020 President Josep Borrell High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy PRESS Rue de la Loi/Wetstraat 175 B – 1048 BRUSSELS Tel.: +32 (0)2 281 6319 Fax: +32 (0)2 281 8026 [email protected] http://www.consilium.europa.eu/press 6117/20 1 EN PROVISIONAL VERSION 17 February 2020 CONTENTS1 ITEMS DEBATED Current affairs ...................................................................................................................................... 4 EU-African Union relations ................................................................................................................. 4 Libya .................................................................................................................................................... 5 Working lunch on EU-India relations .................................................................................................. 5 OTHER ITEMS APPROVED FOREIGN AFFAIRS – Common Military List of the European Union ........................................................................................................ 6 – South Sudan restrictive measures: review ............................................................................................................... 6 – Solomon Islands to the EU-Pacific Interim Partnership Agreement ...................................................................... -
On the Path to 'Strategic Autonomy'
On the path to 'strategic autonomy' The EU in an evolving geopolitical environment STUDY EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Authors: Suzana Anghel, Beatrix Immenkamp, Elena Lazarou, Jerôme Leon Saulnier, Alex Benjamin Wilson PE 652.096 – September 2020 On the path to 'strategic autonomy' The EU in an evolving geopolitical environment In confronting the EU with an unprecedented crisis, the coronavirus outbreak is testing the bloc's unity, but may also accelerate the construction of EU strategic autonomy, as the roadmap for recovery is implemented. Political will, still in the making, and the capacity to act are key prerequisites for achieving effective European strategic autonomy. The EU is increasingly at risk of becoming a 'playground' for global powers in a world dominated by geopolitics. Building European strategic autonomy on a horizontal – cross-policy – basis would strengthen the EU's multilateral action and reduce dependence on external actors, to make the EU less vulnerable to external threats; while promoting a level playing field that benefits everyone. The EU could thus reap the full dividend of its integration and possibly benefit from greater economic gains. To build European strategic autonomy, the EU may choose to use the still 'under-used' or 'unused' potential of the Lisbon Treaty, with the European Council having a key role to play in triggering some of the Treaty provisions, particularly in foreign and security policy. European strategic autonomy may also result from a deepening of the EU integration process. Nevertheless, it remains to be seen whether the Member States will wish to grasp the opportunity offered by the Conference on the Future of Europe to deepen the European project. -
Brussels Summit Key Decisions 11 – 12 July 2018
North Atlantic Treaty Organization www.nato.int/factsheets Factsheet November 2018 Brussels Summit Key Decisions 11 – 12 July 2018 “NATO embodies the vital bond between Europe and North America. Our Alliance guarantees our security, our freedom, and the values we share, including our commitment to defend each other. Our decisions at the Brussels Summit show that, as the world changes, Europe and North America stand together and act together in NATO.” - NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg, 12 July 2018 1. REDOUBLED EFFORTS FOR FAIRER BURDEN SHARING: After years of decline, Allies have reversed the negative trend on defence spending. Over the past two years, European Allies and Canada have added an additional 41 billion dollars to their defence spending. At the Brussels Summit, all Allies agreed to redouble their efforts to share the burden of our security more fairly, with more cash, capabilities, and contributions to missions and operations. This will make NATO stronger and our people safer. 2. NATO COMMAND STRUCTURE REFORM: NATO’s Command Structure is the backbone of our Alliance. At the Brussels Summit, NATO leaders agreed a major update of the NATO Command Structure, with more than 1,200 additional personnel and two new commands to ensure our forces can move quickly across the Atlantic and within Europe. Our new Joint Force Command for the Atlantic will be based in Norfolk, Virginia (United States), ensuring that sea lines of communication between Europe and North America remain free and secure. Our new Enabling Command will be based in Ulm (Germany), helping to improve the movement of troops and equipment within Europe. -
THIRD COUNTRY PARTICIPATION in EU DEFENCE INTEGRATION INITIATIVES: How It Works and How It Is Viewed by EU Member States
THIRD COUNTRY PARTICIPATION IN EU DEFENCE INTEGRATION INITIATIVES: How it works and how it is viewed by EU member states 1 AUTORS Kinga Brudzińska, PhD, Head of Future of Europe Programme, GLOBSEC Policy Institute Marcin Zaborowski, PhD, Lecturer in International Relations at Lazarski University in Warsaw, Poland and a Senior Associate at Visegrad Insight Alena Kudzko, Director, GLOBSEC Policy Institute DATE October 2020 PROJECT This report is part of the project Enhanced European Opportunity Partners in the EU’s Defence and Security Initia- tives: Study case of Norway, funded by the Royal Norwegian Ministry of Defence. PROJECT DESCRIPTION Since 2014 European defence cooperation has made unprecedented and unexpected progress. The European Union (EU) has become more active in leveraging its tools to strengthen European defence cooperation. For example, through new EU defence initiatives such as Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), the European Defence Fund (EDF), Capability Development Plan (CDP) and Coordinated Annual Review of Defence (CARD). However, not all EU Member States have made up their mind, and their views in such areas as the third-party ac- cess of NATO-allies, defence industrial interests, etc. and still being shaped and negotiated. Therefore, if Norway wants to avoid being left out from the EU‘s defence integration dimension (for example from industrial arrange- ments, financial support mechanisms or intellectual property rights), it has to act now to secure itself a meaning- ful third-party access in the European Defence initiatives. The goal of this project to understand the potential risks and opportunities in the area of defence for Europe and the its implications for Norwegian security and defence policy.