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Table 1 Oral, periodontal & dental drug review in ayurveda

Sl. Sanskrit names and Indications3 Parts used6,7 Phyto constitutents6,7 Actions6 No botanical name,3–5 1. Madhucchista (Bee wax)8 Vataja Oshtaroga (Diseases of Lips), Vataja wax Consists of of fatty acids and As a component of sealing Sarvasara Mukharoga (Stomatitis) various long-chain .6 2. Lavana (Salts). Vataja Oshtaroga (Diseases of Lips), Danta Sodium chloride Agnideepana Types of salts are pupputa (apical abscess), pachana, Panchalavana Upakusha(Chronic Ginigivitis), (improves digestion) ruchya, Saindhava, sauvarchala, Bida, Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri (Enhances taste) vranahara samudra, audbhida lavana (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma (wound healing) Bida (Potassium chloride)9 (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic swelling on palate), kanta Shalooka (Adenoids),Kaphaja Oshtakopa(Diseases of Lips), Kaphaja Jihva Kantaka(Glossitis) 3. Sarala, Shriveshtaka (Pinus Vatajaoshtaroga (Diseases of Lips), Kashta Vitamin C, , and alkaloids. Shleshma roxburghii)10 Galashundika (Pharyngitis), Tundikeri Niryaasa, Doshahara (Reduces vitiated (Tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma ( and ) Kapha), (Adenoma of palate), MamsaSanghata putihara (reduces halitosis) (Fibroma of palate), Talupupputa(Cystic swelling on palate ), Kantashalooka (Adenoids)

4. Sarja rasa (Vateria indica Vatajaoshtaroga (Diseases of Lips), Stem bark, Carbohydrate, , phenols, Kaphavata Linn.)11 Adhimamsa (Impacted wisdom tooth), Gum flavonoid and phytosterols. doshahara (Reduces vitiated Vataja Sarvasaramukharoga Vata and Kapha), shoolahara (Stomatitis) (analgesic), vranahara (antiseptic), krimihara (antibacterial) 5. Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) Vataja oshta roga (Diseases of Lips), Vataja Resin Guggulu contains terpenoids, Lekhana (scraping), Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) , aliphatic esters, ferulates, dourgandhyahara (removes lignans, foul smell), vranaropaka carbohydrates, and a variety of (wound healing), shothahara inorganic ions. (anti-inflammatory), rasayana (anti-oxidant) 6. Devadaru (Cedrus deodara) Vatajaoshtaroga (Diseases of Lips), , Taxifolin, cedeodarin, Kaphavatadoshahara Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Heartwood, dihydromyricetin, cedrin, (Reduces vitiated Vata and (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma and Oil cedrinoside, deodarin, α-terpineol, Kapha), shophahara (anti- (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata linalool, limonene and eugenol. inflammatory), (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic vranashodhaka (antiseptic), swelling on palate), kanta Shalooka krimihara (antibacterial), (Adenoids), Kaphaja Sarvasaramukharoga dushtavranashodhaka (Stomatitis), Vataja Sarvasara (wound healing) mukharoga(Stomatitis) 7. Yashtimadhu 12 Vatajaoshtaroga (Diseases of Lips), Glycyrrhizine, glucoside, Sothanashaka (cures (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn) Sheetada (Gingivitis), quercitine, liqcourmarin, biflavones, inflammation), Vata pittajit VatajaSarvasaramukharoga (Stomatitis), glycyrrhic acid. (Reduces vitiated Vata and Danta veshtaka (Pyorrhoea alveolaris), Pitta) Vrana ropana (wound Paridara (Chronic Periodontitis), Danta healing) Nadi (Sinuses of gums), Krimidanta (Dental caries), Pittaja Jihvakantaka (Glossitis)

8. Trayushana 13 1. Kaphaja Oshtakopa (Diseases of Lips), Fruit, Alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, Kaphavatadoshahara i. Pippali (Piper Kaphaja Jihva kantaka (Glossitis), Rhizome phenolic compounds tannins, and (Reduces vitiated Vata and longum Linn.) Adhimamsa, Chala danta phytosterols. Kapha), deepana (appetiser), ii. Maricha (Piper 2. Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri shoolahara (analgesic), nigrum Linn.) (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma krimihara (antibacterial) iii. Shunti (Zingiber (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata officinale Rosc.) (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic swelling on palate), Kanta Shalooka (Adenoids) 3. Sheetada (gingivitis), Upakusha (Chronic Ginigivitis), Kaphaja Jihvakantaka(Glossitis) 9. Sarshapa (Brassica campestris Sheetada (Gingivitis), Upakusha (Chronic Seed, seed oil Leaves and dry seeds contains Kaphavatahara (Reduces Linn.)6 Ginigivitis), Kaphaja Jihva Kantaka calcium, magnesium, Phosporus, vitiated Vata and Kapha), (Glossitis) iron, vitamin A & B, folate and shophahara (anti- ascorbic acid. The seeds and leaves inflammatory), krimihara contain glucosinolate sinigrin, (antibacterial) . 10. Yava Kshara (Kshara of Kaphaja Oshtakopa (Diseases of Lips), ash Yava Kshara is an alkali preparation Kaphavatadoshahara (Hordeum vulgare Linn.) KaphajaJihvakantaka (Glossitis), of Yava or barley (plant ash) of (Reduces vitiated Vata and Dantapupputa (Apical abscess), Upajihva Hordeum vulgare Linn., containing Kapha) (Ranula), Adhijihva (Epiglossitis), Potassium bicarbonate DantaVaidarba (Traumatic injury to gums), Adhimamsa (Impacted wisdom tooth)

11. Madhu ()14 Kaphaja Oshta kopa (Diseases of Lips), A mixture of sugars and other PittaKaphadoshahara, vrana Medoja Oshta kopa Danta pupputa, Danta Carbohydrates, contains mainly ropaka, vrana sandhana and veshta, Upakusha (Chronic Gingivitis), fructose and glucose, with vrana shodhaka (wound Galashundika (Pharyngitis), Tundikeri remaining sugars including maltose, healing), krimihara (Tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma sucrose, and other complex (antibacterial), roukshya (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata carbohydrates. (scraping) (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (Cystic swelling on palate), kanta Shalooka (Adenoids), Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) 12. Priyangu (Callicarpa Medoja Oshta kopa (Diseases of Lips), Flower, bark, Two tetracyclic diterpenes, Ursolic Vatapittahara (Reduces macrophylla)15 Sheetada (Gingivitis) root acid, β-sitosterol, flavones, vitiated Vata and Pitta), glycosides, flavonoid, tannins, Raktashodhaka (blood carbohydrates and steroids. The purifier), and fruit are rich in selinene dahashamaka (reduces derivatives. burning sensation), roukshya (scraping), dourgandhyahara (removes foul smell) 13. Triphala 16 Medoja Oshtakopa (Diseases of Lips), Fruit rind, Carbohydrates, tannins, steroids, Tridoshahara (Reduces Amalaki Sheetada (Gingivitis), Adhimamsa seed, seed cardiac glycosides, coumarins, vitiated Vata Pitta and (Emblica officinalis), (Impacted wisdom tooth), Chala danta kernel flavonoids, proteins, alkaloids and Kapha), rasayana (anti- Bibhitaki (Mobile tooth) phenolic compounds. oxidant), ropaka & shodhaka (Terminalia bellirica), (wound healing) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) 14. Lodhra (Symplocos racemosa Medoja Oshtakopa (Diseases of Lips), Stembark, Bark contains flavanol glucosides Kaphapittashamaka Roxb)17 Paridara (Chronic Periodontitis), Danta flower ellagic acid, flavonol glycoside, (Reduces vitiated Kapha and veshta (Pyorrhoea alveolaris), Soushira triterpenoids Pitta), vranaropaka (wound (Periodontitis), Danta nadi (Sinuses of healing), shothahara (anti- gums), Chala danta (Mobile tooth) inflammatory) 15. Musta (Cyperus rotundus)18 Sheetada (Gingivitis), Soushira Tuber Alkaloids, terpenoids, chemical kapha-pittahara (mitigates (Periodontitis), markers like atisine, hetisine, kapha and pitta dosha) KaphajaSarvasaramukharoga (Stomatitis) heteratisine.

16. Utpala (Nymphaea stellata Sheetada (Gingivitis), Paridara (Chronic Rhizome, Contains sterols alkaloids, saponins, Pitta kapha, rakta doshahara Willd)19 Periodontitis) flower, seeds, tannins, and flavonoids. gallic acid, (Reduces vitiated Kapha, whole plant gallic acid methyl . Rakta and Pitta), daha prashamaka (reduces burning sensation) 17. Padmaka (Prunus cerasoides Sheetada (Gingivitis) Stem bark, Kaempferol, quercetin, taxifolin, Kaphapitta shamaka D. Don)20 seeds flavanone-Carasinone & Carasin, β- (Reduces vitiated Kapha and sitosterol, Pitta), dahaprashamana glucosides, flavanone acid, (reduces burning sensation), stigmasterol. vedana sthapaka (analgesic), raktasthambaka (styptic) 18. Patanga (Caesalpinia sappan Dantaveshta (Pyorrhoea alveolaris), Chala Heart The is reported to contain a Kaphapittarakta dosha hara L.)21 danta (Mobile tooth) wood-(Sara) glycoside, glucose and the free (Reduces vitiated Kapha, amino acids; free sugars, contains Rakta and Pitta), vrana several aromatic compounds, ropaka (wound healing) ß-sitosterol and presence of mono hydroxyl brazilin and benzyl dihydrobenzofuran derivatives is also reported in the lignum. 19. Laksha (Laccifer lacca)with Dantaveshta (Pyorrhoea alveolaris), Danta Resin Stick lac contains resin, sugars, Kaphapittahara (Reduces honey22 Sharkara (Dental calculus) proteins, colouring matter, wax, vitiated Kapha and Pitta), extraneous matter and volatile oil in krimihara (antibacterial) traces. The colouring matter contains laccaic acid which is water soluble. 20. Panchaksheeri Group of five Paridara(Chronic Periodontitis) Stem Bark, Nyagrodha: Leuco anthocynin, Kaphapittarakta shamaka Barks of Lactiferous Trees tender leaf, flavonoid compounds, B-sitosterol (Reduces vitiated Kapha and 1. Nyagrodha (Ficus and meso-inositol Udumbara: Pitta), vranaropaka (wound bengalensis ) Tetracyclic triterpene, glycoside. healing), sthambana 2.Udumbara (Ficus Ashwattha: (styptic), vedanasthapana glomerata), B-sitosterol, Vitamin K, (analgesic), shothahara (anti- 3.Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa), stigmasterol, tannin protein and inflammatory) 4.Plaksha (Ficus lecor), amino acid, 5.Parisha (Thespesia Plaksha: Stem bark – , populnea) Sugar, Tannin, Alkaloid and Saponin, Parisha: Quercetin and its glycosides, kaempferol, and gossypetin, fatty oil;, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, gums, mucilage, saponins 21. Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus Paridara (Chronic Periodontitis), Root Steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, Tridoshashamaka (Reduces L.)23 VatajaSarvasaramukharoga (Stomatitis) coumarins, , pregnane vitiated Vata Pitta & glycosides and others. Kapha), shothahara (anti- inflammatory), vishagna (antimicrobial), rasayana (anti-oxidant), rakshodhaka (blood purifier) 22. Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha)24 Paridara (Chronic Periodontitis) Resinous Leaf and Bark of Agaru contains Kaphavatahara (Reduces wood, oil Alkaloid, Anthroquinone, Fixed oil, vitiated Vata and Kapha), , glycoside, Tannin & Triterpenoids 23. Chandana (Santalum album Paridara (Chronic Periodontitis) Kanda sara, The chief constituent of the oil is Kaphapittadosha hara Linn.)25 oil santalol, along with tannins, (Reduces vitiated Kapha and terpenes, and waxes. Pitta), raktaprasadana (blood purifier), dahapaha (reduces burning sensation), krimighna (antibacterial) 24. Kakodumbara (Ficus hispida Upakusha (Chronic gingivitis) Root bark, Fruit and bark contains α-amyrin Pitta shamaka (Reduces Linn.)26 fruit latex acetate, lupeol acetate, lupeol and α- vitiated Pitta), sthambana, amyrin, β–Sitosteryl capriate. dahaprashamana (reduces burning sensation), vranapaha (wound healing) 25. Nichula phala (Barringtonia Upakusha (Chronic gingivitis) , leaves, Saponins, ellagic Vatahara (Reduces vitiated acutangula (L.) GAERTN.)27 fruits and acid, dihydromyticetin, gallic acid, Vata), vishaghna seeds, stem bartogenic acid, tannin and (antimicrobial) bark Stigmasterol.

26. Vacha (Acorus calamus Adhimamsa (Impacted wisdom tooth), Rhizome Glycosides, B-sitosterol, flavanoids, Vatakapha doshahara Linn.)28 Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri saponins, tannins, polyphenolic (Reduces vitiated Vata and (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma compounds, mucilage, volatile oil Kapha), shoolahara (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata and bitter principle. (analgesic) (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic swelling on palate), Kanta Shalooka (Adenoids) 27. Tejovati (Zanthoxylum Adhimamsa (Impacted wisdom tooth) Bark, Fruit, A bitter crystalline principle Kapha vata doshahara armatum DC.) Root identical with Berberine, a Volatile (Reduces vitiated Vata and Oil and Resin. Kapha), shoolahara (analgesic), krimighna (antibacterial) 28. Patha (Cissampelos pareira)29 Adhimamsa, Galashundika (pharyngitis), Root, Stem Triterpenes, alkaloids, tannins, Shoolaghni (analgesic), Tundikeri (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), aminoacids, proteins and vishaghna (antimicrobial), Koorma (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa carbohydrates. krimihara (antibacterial), Sanghata (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa vranaropaka (wound (cystic swelling on palate), Kanta Shalooka healing) (Adenoids), KaphajaSarvasaramukharoga (Stomatitis) 29. Patola (Trichosanthes dioica Adhimamsa (Impacted wisdom tooth), Leaves, Fruit, The toxic bitter principles Kapha pittadoshahara Roxb.)30 Kaphaja Jihva Kantaka(Glossitis) Root cucurbitacins, vitamin A & vitamin (Reduces vitiated Kapha and C and Mg, Na, K, Cu, and S& Pitta), deepana (appetiser), tannins, saponin, alkaloids, dahashamaka (reduces glycosides, flavonoids. burning sensation) 30. Nimba (Azadirachta indica A. Adhimamsa (Impacted wisdom tooth), All parts It includes isomeldenin, nimbin, Kaphapitta doshahara Juss.)31 Kaphaja Jihva Kantaka (Glossitis), nimbinene, nimbandiol, nimocinol, (Reduces vitiated Kapha and Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri quercetin, and beta-sitosterol, Pitta), krimihara (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma triterpenoids- azadirachtin H3 and (antibacterial), vranahara (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata azadirachtin I4 and also contain (wound healing) (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic tannins and oil. swelling on palate), kanta Shalooka (Adenoids) 31. Jati (Jasminum officinale) Danta nadi (Sinuses of gums) Leaf, Root, Benzylacetate, Linalol, Linalylaceta Kapha pitta doshahara Flower te, Indole, Jasmone, Methyl (Reduces vitiated Kapha and anthranilate, Pitta), vrana ropaka (wound Geraniol healing) 32. Madana (Randia dumetorum Danta nadi (Sinuses of gums) Bark, Leaf, Root bark contains tri-terpene, Bark Pittakapha hara (Reduces lam.)32 Fruit contains mannitols, saponins and vitiated Kapha and Pitta), coumarin glycosides. Fruit contains vrana ropaka (wound glycosides, randioside, triterpenoid healing) and randianine. 33. Svadukantaka (Tribulus Danta nadi (Sinuses of gums) Fruits, leaves Fruits contains steroidal Furostanol Tridoshahara (Reduces terrestris L.)33 saponins, glycosides, alkaloids, vitiated Vata Pitta & Flavonoids like Kaempferol, Kapha), Shoolaghna rutinoside, tribuloside. (analgesic), sheetala (cooling) 34. Khadira (Acacia catechu)34 Danta nadi (Sinuses of gums) Heart Flavonoids like catechin, epi- Kapha pitta doshahara wood, leaves catechin, quercetin, quercitrin; (Reduces vitiated Kapha and & Bark alkaloids like Kaempferol, taxifolin, Pitta), krimighna gum; glycosides, tannins. (antibacterial), shothahara (anti-inflammatory) 35. Manjishta (Rubia cordifolia)35 Danta nadi (Sinuses of gums) Root Anthraquinones and their Vranaropaka (wound glycosides healing), vishaghna (antimicrobial) 36. Trivrit (Operculina Danta harsha (Dental hypersensitivity) Bark, root Saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, Kaphapitta doshahara turpethum)36 phenolics, phytosterols, essential (Reduces vitiated Kapha and oil, glucose and fructose. The bark Pitta), shothahara (anti- contains a glycosidic resin. inflammatory), vranahara (wound healing) 37. Vidari (Pueraria tuberosa)37 Krimidanta (Dental caries) Tuber Monosaccharides,Polysacch Vatapitta shamaka (Reduces arides, Carbohydrates steroids, vitiated Vata and Pitta), alkaloids, glucosides and Sheetala (cooling) flavonides. 38. Shringataka (Trapa natans) Krimidanta (Dental caries) Fruit pulp, It is rich in proteins and minerals & Pittahara (Reduces vitiated Dried seed contains phosphorus, sulphur, Pitta), daha prashamaka calcium, magnesium, sodium and (reduces burning sensation) potassium, iron and manganese. 39. Kasheruka (Scirpus grossus) Krimidanta (Dental caries) Rhizome The tubers gave progesterone, Pitta shamaka (Reduces sugars, tannins, saponins and starch. vitiated Pitta), dahashamaka The fruit also contains amylase. (reduces burning sensation) 40. Vartaku (Solanum melongena Kaphaja Jihva Kantaka(Glossitis) Seeds, leaves, Steroidal saponins, melongosides Vrana ropaka (wound L.) Fruits were isolated from seeds; healing) Quercetin, 3-O-rhamnoside 41. Ativisha (Aconitum Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Tuberous root Alkaloids, terpenoids, glycoside, kapha-pittahara (Reduces heterophyllum Wall.).38 (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma phenolics and flavonoids, keto- vitiated Kapha and Pitta), (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata , tannins and coumarins, shotahara (anti (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic steroids. inflammatory, swelling on palate), kanta Shalooka krimihara (antibacterial) (Adenoids), Kaphaja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) 42. Kushta (Saussurea Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Root The fresh roots contains Vatakaphahara (Reduces lappaDecne.)39 (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma costunolide, dehydrocostus vitiated Kapha and Vata), (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata lactone,cynaropicrin, (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic lappadilactone, germacrenes and a swelling on palate), Kanta Shalooka lignin glycoside, betulinic acid. (Adenoids), Danta vidradi (Alveolar abscess), Danta shoola (acute dental pain) 43. Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata)40 Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Leaf, It contain majority of metabolites Kaphapittadoshahara (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma Rhizome except saponins, viz. alkaloids, (Reduces vitiated Kapha and (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, Pitta), shophahara (anti- (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic steroids, phenols, terpenoids, inflammatory), shoolahara swelling on palate), Kanta Shalooka carbohydrates and proteins. (analgesic), vishagna (Adenoids) (antimicrobial) 44. Katuka rohini (Picrorhiza Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Root, The roots yield a glycosidal bitter Kapha pittadoshahara kurrooa) (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma Rhizome principle, kutkin; D-mannitol, (Reduces vitiated Kapha and (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata kutkiol, kutkisterol. Pitta), dahashamaka (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic (reduces burning sensation), swelling on palate), kanta Shalooka krimihara (antibacterial), (Adenoids), Kaphaja Sarvasara mukharoga shothahara (anti- (Stomatitis), Danta vidradi (Alveolar inflammatory), shoolahara abscess) (analgesic), raktashodhaka (blood purifier) 45. Hingu (Asafoetida) (Ferula Danta shoola (acute dental pain) Gum resin The plant gave coumarin derivatives Kapha vatadoshahara narthex Boiss) including umbelliferone and (Reduces vitiated Kapha and scopoletin. Vata, pachana (digestive) shoolaghna (analgesic), krimihara (antibacterial) 46. Ingudi majja (Balanites Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Seed, oil, The plant is reported to be a Kapha vatadoshahara aegyptiaca Del.) (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma fruit, Bark potential source of diosgenin, fruit (Reduces vitiated Kapha and (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata pulp contains steroidal saponins.38 Vata), Vranaropaka (wound (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic healing), vishaghna swelling on palate), kanta Shalooka (antimicrobial), krimihara (Adenoids), VatajaSarvasara mukharoga (antibacterial), rasayana (Stomatitis) (anti-oxidant), shoolahara (analgesic) 47. Apamarga (Achyranthes Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Whole plant, The presence of Betaine, Kapha nashaka (Reduces aspera) (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma root, seed, Achyranthine, Hentriacontane, vitiated Kapha), Kandughna, (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata ash ecdysterone and oleanolic acid, raktagrahi (styptic), (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic tannins and glycosides are reported shoolahara (analgesic) swelling on palate), Kanta Shalooka in the root. The seeds yield saponins (Adenoids) and oleanolic acid and its ester.38 48. Danti (Baliospermum Galashundika (pharyngitis), Tundikeri Seed, Root, Root contains Baliospermin, Krimihara (antibacterial), montanum) (tonsillitis), Adhrusha (Palatitis), Koorma Leaves, Latex montanin and phorbol derivatives; dahashamaka (reduces (Adenoma of palate), Mamsa Sanghata Seeds contains Axillarenic acid. burning sensation), pachani (Fibroma of palate), Talu pupputa (cystic The presence of steroids, terpenoids (digestive), shothahara (anti- swelling on palate), Kanta Shalooka and flavonoids is reported in the inflammatory) (Adenoids) leaves.38 49. Tuntuka patra (Oroxylum Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) Fruit, seed, The leaves contains flavones and Kapha vatashamaka indicum Vent.) root bark, their glycosides. Bark of the root (Reduces vitiated Kapha and bark gave chrysin, Vata), sheetala (cooling), baicaleinandoroxylina. Heartwood pachana (digestive) yielded beta-sitosterol and an iso- flavone, prunetin38 50. Shala sara (Shorea robusta) Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) Bark, Tannins with a trans/non-trans. The Vranashodhaka and ropaka wood tannins are of pyrogallol type. (wound healing), sthambana Oleanolic acid has also been (styptic), vishaghna isolated from thebark.38 (antimicrobial) 51. Priyala (Buchnania lanzan Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) Bark, seed Neutral , triacylglycerol, Vata pitta doshahara Spreng.) kernel sterols, tannins. The presence of (Reduces vitiated Pitta and triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids Vata), dahashamaka and reducing sugars are also (reduces burning sensation),, reported. The bark contains shoolanashana (analgesic) tannins.38 52. Eranda sara (Ricinus Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) Root, leaf, Castor seed contains toxic Vata kaphadoshahara communis) seed, oil components on whole seed like (Reduces vitiated Kapha and albumin, ricin, and a feebly toxic Vata), shoolaghna alkaloid ricinine is also present. (analgesic), krimihara consists principally of (antibacterial), shophahara ricinoleic acid. Stearic, oleic, (anti-inflammatory) linoleic and dihydroxystearic acids are present in small amounts.38 53. Jatamansi (Nardostachys Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) Rhizome, oil The rhizome is rich in Pitta kapha doshahara jatamansi) sesquiterpenoids. (Reduces vitiated Kapha and The crude drug gave an oil, which Pitta), vedana sthapaka contains nardostachone, valeranone (analgesic), sheetala and jatamansone.38 (cooling), daha prashamaka (reduces burning sensation) 54. Shri (Lavanga) (Syzygium Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) oil, Eugenin, triterpene acids, Kaphapittahara(Reduces aromaticum)41 buds crategolicacid and vitiated Kapha and Pitta), glucosides. Eugenol, a major Kledahara (reduces excess component of the oil. secretion), dourgandhyahara (removes foul smel), shoolahara (analgesic), deepana, pachana (digestive) 55. Shaileya (Parmelia perlata) Vataja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) Whole plant The lichen contains lecanoric acid sheetala (cooling), and atranorin. Several lichen dahashamaka (reduces species contain abundant quantities burning sensation), of usnic acid. vranaropaka (wound healing), sugandhi (aromatic) 56. Kutaja seeds (Holarrheana Kaphaja Sarvasara mukharoga (Stomatitis) Bark, leaves, Beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, Deepana (appetiser), antidysenterica) seeds, flower oleanolic acid terpene, seeds sheetala (cooling), contains glucoside. shoolahara (analgesic)