2,320,236 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,320,236 POLISHING COMPOSITION George F

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

2,320,236 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,320,236 POLISHING COMPOSITION George F Patented May 25, 1943 2,320,236 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,320,236 POLISHING COMPOSITION George F. Hogg, Chicago, ill, assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del, a corpora tion of Delaware No Drawing. Application November 13, 1940, Serial No. 365,464 6 Cairns. (C. 106-230) This invention relates to compositions of mat be less than 10% by weight based on the total ter containing polymerized rosin and more par weight of the composition consisting essentially ticularly to polishing, sealing, protective coating. of a wax or waxes and polymerized rosin and the and depilatory or defeathering compositions con Solvent. taining polymerized rosin and wax. N 5 The compositions, either with or without a mu It is an object of this invention to provide tual solvent may be emulsified in water, or may improved compositions of matter adapted for have water emulsified therein to further modify coating, polishing, finishing, sealing, luting, etc. their physical characteristics or increase their Another object is to devise improved wax-con ease and effectiveness in use. Water-soluble taining compositions of the foregoing type. An soaps of polymerized rosin may advantageously other object is to devise improved wax-contain be used for preparation of oil-in-water type emul ing polishing compositions. Another object is to sions, resulting in emulsions of greater body and devise an improved sealing wax. Another object viscosity, better resistance to oxidation, ageing, is to provide an improved depilatory wax. Still and greater stability. The aqueous phase of oil other objects will appear more fully hereinafter. in-water type emulsion polishes may advantage I have discovered that by the use of poly ously constitute about 75% or more by weight of merized rosin in compositions of the above type the emulsion. The combination of the trieth as a partial replacement for or in addition to anolamine soap of polymerized rosin and an am the more expensive waxes, improved composi monia soap of shellac has been found to be a tions result. The increased melting point and particularly good emulsifying agent for such an decreased unsaturation of polymerized rosin as emulsion. The water-insoluble soaps of poly compared with ordinary rosin, impart advan merized rosin may likewise be used as the emul tageous properties, such as improved resistance sifying agent in water-in-oil type emulsions, with to slipping which is an advantage in polishing corresponding advantages. Paste-like water-in and waxing compositions, and greater resistance 2 5 oil emulsions may advantageously contain in the to oxidation. continuous phase a mutual solvent of the type By modifying the wax components of known referred to above which solvent is water-immisci compositions with polymerized rosin in amounts ble, and preferably contain the aqueous phase in such that the weight ratio of wax to polymerized amount less than about 50% by weight of the rosin lies within the range of from about 100 to 1 : emulsion. to about 1 to 1, wax compositiors of greatly In the paper and cardboard field a large volume improved properties result, of waxes, principally paraffin, is used as a coat The invention is applicable generally to com ing. Frequently, a small percentage of rosin is positions containing wax as an important film mixed with the wax to improve the gloss and forming or binding constituent. Examples of hardness of the coating. Such mixtures are un waxes are carnauba, beeswax, ceresin, montan, satisfactory because of crystallizing tendency, in japan, Chinese insect wax, paraffin, palm, Ozo sufficient gloss or hardness, etc. I have discov kerite, candelilla, synthetic waxes, or mixtures ered that polymerized rosin shows much less thereof. Preferably, the film-forming or bind tendency to crystallize when used in small per ing components consist essentially of a wax or 4) centages with waxes in this field, and gives a mixture of waxes and not more than an equal better gloss and superior hardness because of its weight of the polymerized rosin modifying agent. higher melting point. Paper coated with wax Compositions consisting essentially of the Wax containing from about 1% to about 10% by and the polymerized rosin may be prepared. Al weight of polymerized rosin based on the weight ternatively, such compositions may be blended 5 of wax exhibits markedly superior properties. with a small or a large amount of a volatile or If desired, such mixtures consisting essentially ganic solvent acting as a mutual solvent. Pref of wax and polymerized rosin may be emulsified erably, where a polish for coated surfaces is in water and applied in this form to the surface prepared, the solvent used is one capable of of the paper or cardboard or the like. Waxed slightly softening the surface being polished. The paperS SO prepared as to be heat-sealing display weight ratio of solvent to the combined weights. superior properties and an especially strong bond of wax and polymerized rosin may vary within when heat-sealed. wide limits depending upon the physical proper Suitable amounts of pigments, fillers, dyes, ties desired, for example, from about 100 to 1 to plasticizCrs, and other organic materials such as about 1 to 30. To produce a semi-solid or solid resins, oils, etc. may be incorporated with the polishing composition wherein the principal or modified wax compositions to render them more only vehicle is the solvent, it is preferred to em advantageous in certain uses. ploy a ratio within the range of from about 3 to 1 The wax compositions of the present invention to about 1 to 2. For a sealing or luting wax, the may be used, as, or in, shoe-thread waxes, paper amount of mutual solvent may advantageously coating compositions, hot melt adhesives, fowl 2 2,320,236 - . defeathering compositions, dehairing composi dissolved in 10 parts of the water which had been tions, textile finishing, linoleum wax, floor polish, heated to boiling, was added to the resulting automobile polish, shoe polish, furniture polish, mixture and the whole stirred until smooth. and generally in the plastic and coating field 332 parts of the water was then added. A sepa particularly where it is desired to deposit a thin rate solution connposed of 64 parts of the water, film of wax upon a surface. the shellac, and the annonia, Was prepared and Depilatory (dehairing and defeathering) com added to the mixture with vigo Jus stirring. An positions prepared with polymerized rosin show emulsion of the oil-in-water type having excel better congealing properties, greater hardness, lent polishing properties resulted. The product and freedom from crystallization and deteriora O was particularly useful as a floor polish. tion heretofore attendant upon the use of Ordi Eacample 2 nary rosin which crystallizes, separates out of the Parts by weight molten depilatory, and oxidizes. Carnauba wax-------------------------- 9. Sealing waxes may be prepared which con Beeswax-------------------------------- 4 prise principally a wax modified with a substan Ceresin--------------------------------- 8 tial proportion of polymerized rosin. These com Polymerized rosin.----------------------- 3 positions are particularly suitable for sealing and Naphtha (high flash).------------------- 150 luting. True sealing wax in hard stick form Stearic acid----------------------------- 14 adapted to be melted by heat, to be impressed Triethanolamine ------------------------ 5.4 with a seal, and to adhere to paper or the like 20 upon solidification may be prepared with poly Bentonite------------------------------- 50 merized rosin. In addition to polymerized rosin, Water---------------------------------- 150 it is desirable to include in such true sealing The stearic acid, water, and triethanolamine waxes other ingredients which are commonly were stirred together at 60° C. until a smooth used in sealing wax such as Venice turpentine, soap resulted. Meanwhile the waxes and the shellac, and pigments or fillers, the latter prefer 2 5 resin were melted together and the naphtha ably being used in minor proportion, say less than added to give a homogeneous solution. This hot 25% by weight of the total composition. Phly solution was added slowly, to the hot solution of merized rosin may advantageously replace a part trietihanolamine stearate with vigorous agitation or all of the shellac commonly employed in con whereupon the mixture was allowed to cool. junction with Venice turpentine and pigments to 30 When the temperature was approximately 40 C., produce a true sealing wax. the bentonite was added with stirring. A smooth Methods of polymerizing rosin are well known paste emulsion of the water-in-oil type resulted to the art and need not be described in detail which was an excellent polish for dull painted here. A typical method is that set forth in U. S. 3 5 surfaces. The product was especially suitable for Patent No. 2,017,866. In general, polymerized use as an automobile polish. rosin may be said to be characterized by a melt Eacample 3 ing point increase above ordinary rosin of from Parts by Weight about 5° C. to about 100° C., a considerably in Montan wax----------------------------- 5 creased molecular weight over ordinary rosin, 40 substantial freedom from hardening substances Ceresin ---------------------------------- 45 held in combination, an acid number varying Beeswax --------------------------------- 20 from that of the original rosin down to say about Polymerized rosin------------------------- 20 100, and an iodine value materially lower than Turpentine ------------------------------ 200 ordinary rosin. The rosin may be polymerized by Nigrosin (oil soluble)--------------------- 8 means of metal halides, mineral acids, etc. and The waxes, the dye, and the polymerized rosin the polymerized rosin, regardless of the method Were melted together with stirring whereupon of polymerization, may be further refined in any the turpentine was added with stirring. A soft '. desired manner as for example by means of selec paste resulted which was an excellent shoe tive solvents such as furfural, etc., selective ad polish. sorbents such as fuller's earth, activated carbon Eacample 4 etc.
Recommended publications
  • PROPAGATION and CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES of BENTARA DURIAN (Durio Zibethinus Murr)
    ITTO PD 477/07 Rev. 4 (F) Improving Forest Functions in Bengkulu Province Through Community Participation in Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest by Using Local Prospective Commodities JAKARTA, DECEMBER 2018 Improving Forest Functions in Bengkulu Province Through Community Participation in Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest by Using Local Prospective Commodities By: Herry Gusmara, Gunggung Senoaji, Yansen, Rustama Saepudin, Kamboya THE DIRECTORATE OF FOREST TREE SEED JAKARTA, DECEMBER 2018 ITTO PD 477/07 Rev. 4 (F) Improving Forest Functions in Bengkulu Province Through Community Participation in Rehabilitation of Degraded Forest by Using Local Prospective Commodities. PROPAGATION AND CULTIVATION TECHNIQUES OF BENTARA DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr) By: Herry Gusmara, Gunggung Senoaji, Yansen, Rustama Saepudin, Kamboya Translated by: Herry Gusmara Proofreading by : Diah Rany, P.S Collaboration between: The Directorate of Forest Tree Seed, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Government of Indonesia. Manggala Wanabakti Building, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Block I Floor 13rd, Central Jakarta. Telp. : 021-5730332 Facs. : 021-5730175 e-mail : [email protected] The Environment and Forestry Service of Bengkulu Province Jl. Pembangunan, Padang Harapan, Kota Bengkulu Telp : (0736) 20091, 22856 Facs : (0736) 22856 Second Edition, December 2018 Published by: The Directorate of Forest Tree Seed ITTO Project of PD 477/07 Rev. 4 (F) Manggala Wanabakti Building, Jl. Gatot Subroto, Block I Floor 13rd, Central Jakarta. Telp. : 021-5730332 Facs. : 021-5730175 e-mail : [email protected] ii | P a g e PREFACE The involvement of the community and the types of species that are used, usually determine the success of forest and land rehabilitation activities. In Bengkulu Province, one of the popular local prospectives species is Bentara Durian.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,755,550 Shuman Et Al
    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,755,550 Shuman et al. (45) Date of Patent: Jul. 5, 1988 (54 READHERING AND REMOVABLE 56 References Cited ADHESIVE U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,644,026 2/1987 Shuman et al. .. ... 524/270 (75) Inventors: Ralph J. Shuman, Needham; Barbara 4,657,960 4/1987 Shuman et al. .. ... 524/270 Burns, Auburn, both of Mass. 4,684,685 8/1987 Shuman et al. ..................... 524/270 73) Assignee: Dennison Manufacturing Company, Primary Examiner-Ronald W. Griffin Framingham, Mass. Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Barry D. Josephs 57 ABSTRACT *) Notice: The portion of the term of this patent Agelled solid adhesive for coating substrates, typically subsequent to Feb. 17, 2004 has been paper. The adhesive can be made available in stick form disclaimed. and is easily applied in even coats to any surface area of the substrate. The adhesive has sufficient tack enabling the coated substrate to instantly adhere to essentially (21) Appl. No.: 29,031 any free contact surface upon gently pressing the sub strate to the free surface. The adhesive coated substrate (22 Filed: Mar. 23, 1987 is easily removable from the contact surface by manu ally lifting it thereform. The adhesive permits readher ence of the adhesive coated substrate to the same or Related U.S. Application Data different free contact surfaces. An adhesive coated 63 Continuation of Ser. No. 900, 112, Aug. 25, 1986, Pat. paper substrate will readhere many times to free paper No. 4,684,685, which is a continuation-in-part of Ser. contact surface. The preferred gelled adhesive product No.
    [Show full text]
  • Extracts and Tinctures of Cannabis
    WHO Expert Committee on Drug Dependence Critical Review …………….. Extracts and tinctures of cannabis This report contains the views of an international group of experts, and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the World Health Organization © World Health Organization 2018 All rights reserved. This is an advance copy distributed to the participants of the 41st Expert Committee on Drug Dependence, before it has been formally published by the World Health Organization. The document may not be reviewed, abstracted, quoted, reproduced, transmitted, distributed, translated or adapted, in part or in whole, in any form or by any means without the permission of the World Health Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use.
    [Show full text]
  • Rosin-Modified Phenolic Resin Compositions and Their Production
    Europaisches Patentamt 0 041 838 ® ê European Patent Office ® Publication number: Office européen des brevets B1 EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION ® Date of publication of patent spécification: 05.02.86 © Intel.4: C 08 G 8/34, C 08 L 61/14, C 09 D 11/10 (§) Application number: 81302492.4 (S) Date offiling: 04.06.81 (54) Rosin-modified phenolic resin compositions and their production. (§) Priority: 05.06.80 JP 74920/80 (§) Proprietor: DAINIPPON INK AND CHEMICALS, 30.09.80 JP 135184/80 INC. 30.09.80 JP 135185/80 35-58, Sakashita 3-chome 30.09.80 JP 135186/80 Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174 (JP) (43) Dateof publication of application: (72) Inventor: Homma, Minoru 16.12.81 Bulletin 81/50 3-9-7 Kurosunadai Chiba-shi Chiba-ken (JP) Inventor: Kudo, Kin-ichi (§) Publication of the grant of the patent: c/o Mr. Muramatsu 2-21-8 Matsunami-cho 05.02.86 Bulletin 86/06 Chiba-shi Chiba-ken (JP) Inventor: Okoshi, Noboru 5-3-2-305 Masago (H) Designated Contracting States: Chiba-shi Chiba-ken (JP) DEFRGB Inventor: Shimoyama, Shoichi 3-6-14 Tsubakimori-cho Chiba-shi Chiba-ken (JP) (§) References cited.: . Inventor: Tashiro, Nansei DE-A-2 549 902 2848-100 Kubota 0Q DE-C- 831 323 Sodegaura-machi Kimitsu-gun Chiba-ken (JP) FR-A- 693 899 00 GB-A-486341 C0 @ Representative: Myerscough, Philip Boyd et al 00 J.A. Kemp & Co. 14, South Square Gray's Inn London, WC1R5EU (GB) The file contains technical information submitted after the application was filed and o not included in this specification o Note: Within nine monthsfrom the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted.
    [Show full text]
  • JMSCR Vol||05||Issue||09||Page 27502-27510||September 2017
    JMSCR Vol||05||Issue||09||Page 27502-27510||September 2017 www.jmscr.igmpublication.org Impact Factor 5.84 Index Copernicus Value: 71.58 ISSN (e)-2347-176x ISSN (p) 2455-0450 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i9.24 Sal (shorea robusta) in vrana ropana (wound healing)- A Clinical Study Authors Dr Santosh Kumar Gupta1, Dr Mahendra Pd. Singh2, Dr D.S.Verma3 1MD (Ay), AMO, Dist. Ayu. Hosp. Raigarh. 9584338909 2Asso. Prof. , Dravyaguna Dept., Govt. Ayurveda College Patna 3Prof., Shalya Dept., Govt. Ayurveda College Patna Abstract During this fast life every person fell into some or the other injuries due to trauma; either it may occur on roads with some weapons, in office or even in kitchen while doing household work. Acharya Sushruta has described six types of wounds which occur accidentally by sharp or blunt instruments called sadyo vrana or agantuja vrana (Su.Chi. 2/9). So, after going through different texts it has been found that resin of shorea robusta has been described to have good healing property. It is a good disinfectant, antiseptic and fumigant. 30 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria of wound were randomly selected from OPD/IPD, Deptt. Of shalya, G.A.C.H., Patna. Dressing of the wound with the above drug was done to the subjects. The results were assessed in pre and post treatment designed proforma. In this group bleeding was completely relieved whereas more than 90% relief was obtained in pain, tenderness, size. Symptoms like itching sensation, color, surface, smell, discharge were relieved upto 50 to 75 % respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Existing Food Additives
    The Japan Food Chemical Research Foundation List of Existing Food Additives This list of food additives from natural origin is complied and published by the Ministry of Health and Welfare on April 16, 1996. These additives are listed here in alphabetic order. The number preceding the name of each additive is the sequence number given to the corresponding additive in the original Japanese list. Effective from January 30, 2014 236 Absinth extract A substance composed mainly of sesquiterpenes obtained from the whole absinth grass. 10 α-Acetolactate decarboxylase - 146 Acid clay - 147 Acid phosphatase - 3 Actinidine - 56 Activated acid clay - 55 Active carbon A substance obtained by carbonizing and activating carbon-containing substances. 5 Acylase - 11 5'-Adenylic acid - 2 Agarase - 4 Agrobacterium succinoglycan A substance composed mainly of succinoglycan obtained from the cultured solution of bacteria belonging to Agrobacteriurn. 17 L-Alanine - 23 Alginate lyase - 22 Alginic acid - 24 Aluminium - 196 Amino acid-sugar reaction product A substance obtained by heating the mixture of amino acids and monosaccharides. 14 Aminopeptidase - 15 alpha-Amylase - 16 beta-Amylase - 12 Annatto extract A substance composed mainly of norbixin and bixin obtained from the seed coats of annatto. 25 Anthocyanase - 19 Arabino galactan - 20 L-Arabinose - 21 L-Arginine - 145 Artemisia sphaerocephala seed A substance composed mainly of polysaccharides obtained from the seed gum coats of SABAKU-YOMOGI (Artemisia sphaerocephala KRASCH). 6 Ascorbate oxidase - 7 L-Asparagine - 8 L-Aspartic acid - 9 Aspergillus terreus glycoprotein A substance composed mainly of glycoprotein obtained from the cultured solution of mould belonging to Aspergillus terreus . 1 Aureobasidium cultured solution A substance composed mainly of beta-1, 3-1, 6-glucan obtained from the cultured solution of yeast belonging to Aureobasidium .
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical and Technical Assessment 65Th JECFA
    Chemical and Technical Assessment 65th JECFA BEESWAX Chemical and Technical Assessment (CTA) First draft prepared by Paul M. Kuznesof, Ph.D.∗ Reviewed by D. Brian Whitehouse, Ph.D. 1 Summary Beeswax (INS No. 901) consists primarily of a mixture of esters of fatty acids and fatty alcohols, paraffinic hydrocarbons, and free fatty acids; minor amounts of free fatty alcohols are also present. Two types of beeswax are marketed: yellow beeswax (C.A.S No. 8006-40-4) and white beeswax (C.A.S. No. 8012-89-3). Yellow beeswax is a yellow or light-brown solid that is somewhat brittle when cold and presents a characteristic odour of honey. White beeswax is a white or yellowish white solid (thin layers are translucent) having a characteristic, but faint, odour of honey. Beeswax is obtained from the honeycombs of bees (Apis mellifera L., Fam. Apidae) after removal of the honey. The combs are melted with hot water, steam, or solar heat. After removing the insoluble impurities, the liquid wax is cast into cakes for further purification to obtain food-grade yellow beeswax. Bleaching the latter with e.g. hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid or sunlight, yields white beeswax. Beeswax consists primarily of five main groups of components, namely: 1. Free fatty acids (typically 12-14%), most of which are saturated (ca. 85%) and have a chain length of C24-C32. 2. Free primary fatty alcohols (ca. 1%) with a chain length of C28-C35. 3. Linear wax monoesters and hydroxymonoesters (35-45%) with chain lengths generally of C40- C48. The esters are derived almost exclusively from palmitic acid, 15-hydroxypalmitic acid, and oleic acid.
    [Show full text]
  • Sales Brochure Rev M 01A-8-15 FINAL BLU
    Waxes Source Grades Colors Forms Uses & Special Features BEESWAX Honeycomb of the Crude, bleached, re- Cream-white to Cakes, slabs, pas- Color Cosmetics, Lip Care, Bee fined yellow, white, dark brown tilles, granular. Mascara, Eye Makeup, Hair cosmetic Wax, Creams, Lotions, Pharma- ceuticals, Ointments, Tablet Coatings, Confectionary Glazes, Candles. CANDELILLA Scales covering reed Crude, Refined, Light brown to Crude lumps, Color Cosmetics, Lip Care, like plants in Texas Bleached light yellow. refined lumps, Mascara, Eye Makeup, Hair and Mexico flakes, granular, & Wax, Pharmaceuticals, Tablet powder Coatings, Polishes, Precision Casting, Adhesives, Chewing Gum Base. CARNAUBA Exuded by the leaves No. 1 Yellow (Type 1) Yellow to Lumps, flakes, Color Cosmetics, Lip Care, of Brazilian "Tree of NC #3 Light (Type 3) brownish green. granular, & pow- Mascara, Eye Makeup, Pharma- Life" NC#3 Dark (Type 4- der ceuticals, Ointments, Tablet Filtered) Coatings, Confectionary Glazes, NC#3 Centrifuged Investment Casting, Polishes, , (Type 4) Inks and Thermal Transfer Rib- bon Coating, Fruit Wax Emul- sion. CERESINE & Formulated hydrocar- Specific to melting White Slabs, pastilles, & Color Cosmetics, Lip Care, OZOKERITE bons point, penetration, and granular. Mascara, Eye Makeup, Hair gel strength. Wax, Creams, Lotions, Pharma- ceuticals, Ointments, Coatings, Lubricants, Waterproofing, Adhesives. PARAFFIN & Petroleum Waxes Refined to Melt point White to Yellow Slabs, & pastilles. Cosmetics, Color Cosmetics, MICROCRYSTAL- & Color Lip Care, Mascara, Eye
    [Show full text]
  • Particleboards from Durian Peel and Coconut Coir
    The First Thai-Biomass Utilization Symposium __ _______________________________________________________ Effective Utilization of Forest Biomass for Regional People in Thailand Particleboards from Durian Peel and Coconut Coir Sarocha Charoenvai*, Jongjit Hirunlabh*, and Joseph Khedari* Abstract Manufacturing particleboards from tropical fruit peel particle; durian (Durio zibethinus ) peels and coconut coir ( Cocos nucifera ); with low thermal conductivity is the main purpose of this study. Two main parameters were investigated namely binder types, (UF 12%, PF 6% and IC 3%) and board density. In general, the effect of adhesive type on the properties of boards was not obvious whereas that of the density was more significant on most properties of boards. Experimental investigation indicated that the mechanical properties of all boards increased with increasing board density, but this decrease the dimension stability, expressed by the thickness swelling and the thermal conductivity as well. Keywords: Synthetic Binder; Thermal Conductivity; Modulus of Rupture; Modulus of Elasticity; Agriculture waste ______________________________________________________________ *Building Scientific Research Center, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangmod Rasburana, 91 Pracha U-thit Rd., Thungkru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand Email address: [email protected] www.kmutt.ac.th/organization/bsrc The First Thai-Biomass Utilization Symposium __ _______________________________________________________ Effective Utilization of Forest Biomass for Regional People in Thailand Introduction Nowadays, due to forest production and environment awareness the use of natural wood is steadily decreasing. Technology is used to manufacture materials from agricultural waste which is considered to substitute natural wood. The productivity of Thai fruit [1] is anticipated to increase in the future and the associated produced waste will lead to social and environmental problems, if we are unable to dispose them.
    [Show full text]
  • Letter Circular 1030: Polishes
    July U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Letter 1958 NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Circular WASHINGTON 25, D.C. LC1030 POLISHES Contents 1 . Introduction . 9 9 • 2 . Precaution . 2 3. Furniture and automobile polish. 2 4. Metal polish .......... 3 5. Floor polish .......... 5 6 . Glass polish and cleaner . 6 7. Stove polish . 7 8 . Shoe polish. 7 9. Polishing cloth. 8 10 . Dust cloth, oiled. ....... 9 11 . Specifications ......... 9 12 . References ........... 0-9 9 11 lo Introduction In response to numerous requests from the public for in- formation on various polishes and waxes, the following data have been collected. Many” patents have been granted covering such preparations; abstracts of some will be found in Chemical Ab- stracts, published by the American Chemical Society and available in public libraries . The National Bureau of Standards has not developed standard or recommended formulas for manufacturing polishes o 2 0 Precaution Gasoline, turpentine, mineral spirits, and many other vola- tile organic solvents or"“pre para^ib^^bhB^jnj'ng t £K^T^5e~^sure^oTlve"^ooci ventil^tron, and to avoTdHniecTrTo'IsVa^ in the^rooms o r othe r ip ac e sT~' ‘ OTIy'imd^gri^ me diate ly^^er' 118'e^^orTep'Bi^^loied ' me ^taT^coniiainers^'^^nimal " " Bust! on.’ 3 o Furniture and Automobile Polish Furniture and automobile polishes are similar except that the automobile polish may contain an abrasive. Varnish, enamel, lacquer, baked enamel, and synthetic resin are the finishes that are generally encountered. They differ in hardness, fastness of colors, and resistance to solvents and abrasives. Furniture and automobile polishes should remove dirt and grease readily from the surfaces, restore their luster, have no objectionable odor, and yield a film that does not hold or attract dust.
    [Show full text]
  • NATURAL SPIRIT VARNISH RESINS SHELLAC Production
    CHAPTER 5 NATURAL SPIRIT VARNISH RESINS SHELLAC ALTHOUGH shellac is not used in the varnish trade in such large quantities as other natural and synthetic resins it has attracted a considerable amount of interest. Much research and development work has been done. Source.—Lac is the secretion of an insect, Laccifer lacca, which swarms on the twigs of special trees. A comprehensive list of host trees is given by Parry.1 The insects extract sap from the twigs but its constitution and the nature of the process involved for the production of lac are not com- pletely understood. Gibson 2 suggests that if the food for the lac insect could be produced synthetically, the insect could be cultivated under ideal conditions. The greater part of the world's shellac supply comes from India. Assam, Burma, Indo-China and Siam supply smaller quantities. Attempts have been made to produce lac in Abyssinia. Two crops of lac are produced yearly. Climatic influences seem to alter the properties of the lac produced. In the areas west of Calcutta lac has a yellow or orange colour ; in Assam it is pale red, and dark red in Siam.3 Other variations in properties may be due to the type of host tree, the time of the crop and the district, species of lac insect and method of cultivation. Shellac as used by the varnish trade may vary in properties for various reasons, including method of production and time of storage. Production Sticklac.—The incrusted twigs are scraped to remove the lac and this crude product is known as sticklac.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Wood Biomass-Based Fatty Acidsand Rosin Acids Use In
    polymers Review A Review of Wood Biomass-Based Fatty Acids and Rosin Acids Use in Polymeric Materials Laima Vevere *, Anda Fridrihsone , Mikelis Kirpluks and Ugis Cabulis Polymer Department, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes Str., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (U.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +371-28869638 Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 14 November 2020; Published: 16 November 2020 Abstract: In recent decades, vegetable oils as a potential replacement for petrochemical materials have been extensively studied. Tall oil (crude tall oil, distilled tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, and rosin acids) is a good source to be turned into polymeric materials. Unlike vegetable oils, tall oil is considered as lignocellulosic plant biomass waste and is considered to be the second-generation raw material, thus it is not competing with the food and feed chain. The main purpose of this review article is to identify in what kind of polymeric materials wood biomass-based fatty acids and rosin acids have been applied and their impact on the properties. Keywords: crude tall oil; tall oil; fatty acids; rosin acids; polymer materials 1. Introduction The success of plastics as a commodity has been significant and polymer materials are a part of everyday life. The advantages of polymers over other materials can be attributed to their adjustable properties, low cost and ease of processing. Worldwide, the manufacturing of polymers grows every year, reaching almost 360 million tonnes in 2018 [1]. In the light of environmental challenges of the 21st century, the development of novel low-cost and scalable monomers from renewable resources is essential.
    [Show full text]