Patented May 25, 1943 2,320,236 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 2,320,236 POLISHING COMPOSITION George F. Hogg, Chicago, ill, assignor to Hercules Powder Company, Wilmington, Del, a corpora tion of Delaware No Drawing. Application November 13, 1940, Serial No. 365,464 6 Cairns. (C. 106-230) This invention relates to compositions of mat be less than 10% by weight based on the total ter containing polymerized rosin and more par weight of the composition consisting essentially ticularly to polishing, sealing, protective coating. of a wax or waxes and polymerized rosin and the and depilatory or defeathering compositions con Solvent. taining polymerized rosin and wax. N 5 The compositions, either with or without a mu It is an object of this invention to provide tual solvent may be emulsified in water, or may improved compositions of matter adapted for have water emulsified therein to further modify coating, polishing, finishing, sealing, luting, etc. their physical characteristics or increase their Another object is to devise improved wax-con ease and effectiveness in use. Water-soluble taining compositions of the foregoing type. An soaps of polymerized rosin may advantageously other object is to devise improved wax-contain be used for preparation of oil-in-water type emul ing polishing compositions. Another object is to sions, resulting in emulsions of greater body and devise an improved sealing wax. Another object viscosity, better resistance to oxidation, ageing, is to provide an improved depilatory wax. Still and greater stability. The aqueous phase of oil other objects will appear more fully hereinafter. in-water type emulsion polishes may advantage I have discovered that by the use of poly ously constitute about 75% or more by weight of merized rosin in compositions of the above type the emulsion. The combination of the trieth as a partial replacement for or in addition to anolamine soap of polymerized rosin and an am the more expensive waxes, improved composi monia soap of shellac has been found to be a tions result. The increased melting point and particularly good emulsifying agent for such an decreased unsaturation of polymerized rosin as emulsion. The water-insoluble soaps of poly compared with ordinary rosin, impart advan merized rosin may likewise be used as the emul tageous properties, such as improved resistance sifying agent in water-in-oil type emulsions, with to slipping which is an advantage in polishing corresponding advantages. Paste-like water-in and waxing compositions, and greater resistance 2 5 oil emulsions may advantageously contain in the to oxidation. continuous phase a mutual solvent of the type By modifying the wax components of known referred to above which solvent is water-immisci compositions with polymerized rosin in amounts ble, and preferably contain the aqueous phase in such that the weight ratio of wax to polymerized amount less than about 50% by weight of the rosin lies within the range of from about 100 to 1 : emulsion. to about 1 to 1, wax compositiors of greatly In the paper and cardboard field a large volume improved properties result, of waxes, principally paraffin, is used as a coat The invention is applicable generally to com ing. Frequently, a small percentage of rosin is positions containing wax as an important film mixed with the wax to improve the gloss and forming or binding constituent. Examples of hardness of the coating. Such mixtures are un waxes are carnauba, beeswax, ceresin, montan, satisfactory because of crystallizing tendency, in japan, Chinese insect wax, paraffin, palm, Ozo sufficient gloss or hardness, etc. I have discov kerite, candelilla, synthetic waxes, or mixtures ered that polymerized rosin shows much less thereof. Preferably, the film-forming or bind tendency to crystallize when used in small per ing components consist essentially of a wax or 4) centages with waxes in this field, and gives a mixture of waxes and not more than an equal better gloss and superior hardness because of its weight of the polymerized rosin modifying agent. higher melting point. Paper coated with wax Compositions consisting essentially of the Wax containing from about 1% to about 10% by and the polymerized rosin may be prepared. Al weight of polymerized rosin based on the weight ternatively, such compositions may be blended 5 of wax exhibits markedly superior properties. with a small or a large amount of a volatile or If desired, such mixtures consisting essentially ganic solvent acting as a mutual solvent. Pref of wax and polymerized rosin may be emulsified erably, where a polish for coated surfaces is in water and applied in this form to the surface prepared, the solvent used is one capable of of the paper or cardboard or the like. Waxed slightly softening the surface being polished. The paperS SO prepared as to be heat-sealing display weight ratio of solvent to the combined weights. superior properties and an especially strong bond of wax and polymerized rosin may vary within when heat-sealed. wide limits depending upon the physical proper Suitable amounts of pigments, fillers, dyes, ties desired, for example, from about 100 to 1 to plasticizCrs, and other organic materials such as about 1 to 30. To produce a semi-solid or solid resins, oils, etc. may be incorporated with the polishing composition wherein the principal or modified wax compositions to render them more only vehicle is the solvent, it is preferred to em advantageous in certain uses. ploy a ratio within the range of from about 3 to 1 The wax compositions of the present invention to about 1 to 2. For a sealing or luting wax, the may be used, as, or in, shoe-thread waxes, paper amount of mutual solvent may advantageously coating compositions, hot melt adhesives, fowl 2 2,320,236 - . . . defeathering compositions, dehairing composi dissolved in 10 parts of the water which had been tions, textile finishing, linoleum wax, floor polish, heated to boiling, was added to the resulting automobile polish, shoe polish, furniture polish, mixture and the whole stirred until smooth. and generally in the plastic and coating field 332 parts of the water was then added. A sepa particularly where it is desired to deposit a thin rate solution connposed of 64 parts of the water, film of wax upon a surface. the shellac, and the annonia, Was prepared and Depilatory (dehairing and defeathering) com added to the mixture with vigo Jus stirring. An positions prepared with polymerized rosin show emulsion of the oil-in-water type having excel better congealing properties, greater hardness, lent polishing properties resulted. The product and freedom from crystallization and deteriora O was particularly useful as a floor polish. tion heretofore attendant upon the use of Ordi Eacample 2 nary rosin which crystallizes, separates out of the Parts by weight molten depilatory, and oxidizes. Carnauba wax------9. Sealing waxes may be prepared which con Beeswax------4 prise principally a wax modified with a substan Ceresin------8 tial proportion of polymerized rosin. These com Polymerized rosin.------3 positions are particularly suitable for sealing and Naphtha (high flash).------150 luting. True sealing wax in hard stick form Stearic acid------14 adapted to be melted by heat, to be impressed Triethanolamine ------5.4 with a seal, and to adhere to paper or the like 20 upon solidification may be prepared with poly Bentonite------50 merized rosin. In addition to polymerized rosin, Water------150 it is desirable to include in such true sealing The stearic acid, water, and triethanolamine waxes other ingredients which are commonly were stirred together at 60° C. until a smooth used in sealing wax such as Venice turpentine, soap resulted. Meanwhile the waxes and the shellac, and pigments or fillers, the latter prefer 2 5 resin were melted together and the naphtha ably being used in minor proportion, say less than added to give a homogeneous solution. This hot 25% by weight of the total composition. Phly solution was added slowly, to the hot solution of merized rosin may advantageously replace a part trietihanolamine stearate with vigorous agitation or all of the shellac commonly employed in con whereupon the mixture was allowed to cool. junction with Venice turpentine and pigments to 30 When the temperature was approximately 40 C., produce a true sealing wax. the bentonite was added with stirring. A smooth Methods of polymerizing rosin are well known paste emulsion of the water-in-oil type resulted to the art and need not be described in detail which was an excellent polish for dull painted here. A typical method is that set forth in U. S. 3 5 surfaces. The product was especially suitable for Patent No. 2,017,866. In general, polymerized use as an automobile polish. rosin may be said to be characterized by a melt Eacample 3 ing point increase above ordinary rosin of from Parts by Weight about 5° C. to about 100° C., a considerably in Montan wax------5 creased molecular weight over ordinary rosin, 40 substantial freedom from hardening substances Ceresin ------45 held in combination, an acid number varying Beeswax ------20 from that of the original rosin down to say about Polymerized rosin------20 100, and an iodine value materially lower than Turpentine ------200 ordinary rosin. The rosin may be polymerized by Nigrosin (oil soluble)------8 means of metal halides, mineral acids, etc. and The waxes, the dye, and the polymerized rosin the polymerized rosin, regardless of the method Were melted together with stirring whereupon of polymerization, may be further refined in any the turpentine was added with stirring. A soft '. desired manner as for example by means of selec paste resulted which was an excellent shoe tive solvents such as furfural, etc., selective ad polish. sorbents such as fuller's earth, activated carbon Eacample 4 etc. It is preferred to employ polymerized rosin Parts by weight having a melting point of at least about 95 C. Beeswax ------20 ranging upwardly to about 170° C., the melting Carnauba wax------90 point of the pure dinner. 55 Paraffin (melting point 125 F.).------160 Below are given several specific examples of Polymerized rosin------30 compositions prepared in accordance with the "Warsol' (petroleum hydrocarbon turpen principles of the present invention. The poly tine substitute).------200 merized rosin used in these examples was wood The waxes and the resin were melted together rosin polymerized to a melting point (drop) of GO with stirring whereupon the solvent was added. 98-100° C. and had an acid number of 151-155. Upon cooling, a light tan, waxy solid resulted. Eacample 1 Upon application to a linoleum surface, a high Parts by weight polish resulted. This composition was particu Carnauba wax------39.6 larly suitable for hot factory application to man Polymerized rosin------14. ufactured linoleum. Triethanolamine ------8.8 cample 5 Borax------40 Parts by weight Shellac------8.8 Ceresin ------20 28% ammonia------1.2 Paraffin (melting point 125 F.) ------20 Water------406.0 Japan wax------40 The carnauba wax and the polymerized rosin Beeswax. ------120 were melted together and stirred at liO-120' C. N Woodrosin------20 whereupon the triethanolamine was added with Polymerized losin------20 stirring until a clear solution resulted. The borax 75 Turpentine ------8 2,320,286 3 These ingredients were melted together with stir and that the invention as broadly described and ring and cast into molds. The resulting prod claimed is in rio way limited thereby. uct was a tan hard waxy material having seal What I claim and desire to protect by Letters ing properties. It was particularly adapted to Patent is: be applied hot for sealing joints, cracks and the 1. A polishing composition wherein the film like. forming or binding components consist essen Eacample 6 tially of polymerized rosin and Wax in amounts Parts by weight Such that the ratio of wax to polymerized rosin Shellac ------10 lies within the range of from about 100 to 1 to Polymerized rostin.------14 O about 1 to 1. Venice turpentine------13 2. A polishing composition consisting essen Precipitated calcium carbonate------4 tially of polymerized rosin, wax, and a mutual Vermillion ------4. volatile organic solvent for said polymerized rosin The shellac and polymerized rosin were melted and said wax, the proportions of said ingredients together at 110° C. Whereupon the previously 5 being such that the ratio of wax to polymerized mixed calcium carbonate and vermilion were rosin lies within the range of from about 100 to 1 added with stirring. Thereupon the Venice tur to about 1 to 1 and the ratio of said solvent to pentine was added with stirring and the hot the combined weight of said polymerized rosin mixture was cast into sticks of sealing wax which and said wax lies within the range of from about were particularly adapted to be melted as by 20 3 to to about 1 to 2. the heat of a flame, applied to paper, impressed 3. A polishing composition comprising a dilute with an embossing seal while still hot and when oil-in-Water type emulsion wherein the film solidified to retain the imprint and adhere firmly forming constitutents of the dispersed phase COn to the surface of the paper. The product dis sist essentially of polymerized rosin and wax in played improved characteristics and was con 25 amountS Such that the ratio of Wax to poly siderably less expensive to manufacture than merized rosin lies within the range of from about Conventional Sealing Wax. 100 to 1 to about 1 to 1, and wherein the emulsi fying agent comprises the triethanolamine soap Eacample 7 of polymerized rosin and the ammonia soap of Parts by Weight 30 shellac, the aqueous phase of said emulsion con Paraffin wax (M. P. 125 F.)------95 stituting at least about 75% by weight based on Polymerized rosin------5 the weight of the emulsion. 4. A polishing composition comprising a water These ingredients were melted together with in-oil type emulsion of paste-like consistency stirring and allowed to cool. The resulting com 35 wherein the film-forming components of the con position was melted and employed as a fowl de tinuous phase consist essentially of polymerized feathering composition. rosin and wax in amounts such that the ratio Eacample 8 of Wax to polymerized rosin lies within the range Parts by weight of from about 100 to 1 to about 1 to 1, and a Polymerized rosin------50 40 mutual volatile organic solvent for said film forming constituents, said solvent being water Paraffin wax (M. P. 125 F.).------50 insoluble, the aqueous phase of said emulsion These ingredients were commingled and melted constituting less than about 50% by Weight of to form a homogeneous mixture. The product the emulsion. was an excellent depilatory or defeathering com 45 5. A polishing composition comprising an oil position. in-Water type emulsion comprising a disperse From the foregoing, it will be seen that the phase comprising water and an emulsifying agent use of polymerized rosin in accordance with the and a dispersed phase consisting essentially of principles of the present invention brings about a polymerized rosin and a wax in amounts such improved results in the plastic and coating com 50 that the ratio of wax to polymerized rosin lies position fields. Use of polymerized rosin over within the range of from about 100 to 1 to about comes the objectionable tendency of ordinary 1 to 1. rosin to crystallize...in compositions made there 6. A polishing composition comprising a wa with. In addition, the products manufactured ter-in-oil type emulsion comprising a dispersed in accordance with the present invention are less phase comprising water and an emulsifying expensive by reason of the use of polymerized agent and a disperse phase consisting essentially rosin in place of more expensive ingredients such of a polymerized rosin and a wax in amounts as wax or shellac and display improved proper such that the ratio of wax to polymerized rostin ties. lies within the range of from about 100 to 1 to It will be understood that the details and ex- to about 1 to 1. amples hereinbefore set forth are illustrative only GEORGEF, OCC.