DOCSLIB.ORG

World Bank Document

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
World Bank Document Document of "-W l l The World Bank HX cA)U FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 3185-IND Public Disclosure Authorized STAFF APPRAISAL REPORT INDONESIA PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA TENTH POWER PROJECT Public Disclosure Authorized January 16, 1981 Public Disclosure Authorized Projects Department East Asia and Pacific Regional Office This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Currency Unit - Indonesian Rupiah US$1 = Rp 625 Rp 100 = US$0.16 Rp 1 million = US$1,600 WEIGHITSAND MEASURES 1 metric ton = 1,000 kilograms (kg) 1 liter (1) = 0.0063 barrels 1 kilometer (km) = 0.6215 miles (mi) 1 kilovolt (kV) = 1,000 volts (V) 1 megavolt-ampere = 1,000 kilovolt-amperes (kVA) 1 kilovolt-ampere = 1,000 volt-ampere (VA) 1 megawatt (MWl7) = 1,000 kilowatts (kW) 1 gigawatt hour (GWh) = 1 million kilowatt hours (kWh) ABBREVIATIONS BAPPENAS - National Planning Agency BATUBARA - National Coal Entity DGEP - Directorate-General Electric Power, Ministry of Mines and Energy DPMIA - Institute of Hydraulic Engineering, Bandung COI - Government of Indonesia LE UNPAD - Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung LNG - Liquified natural gas NINE - M.linistryof Nines and Energy Newjec - New Japan Engineering Consultants, Japan NI.RA-ENEL- Italian Nuclear and Electricity Agencies OECF - Overseas Economic Cooperation Fund (Japan) PCR - Preece, Cardew and Rider, UK PERTANINA - National Oil Company PLN - National Power Authority REPELITA - Five-Year Development Plan SBC - Special Board of Consultants GOVERNMENT OF INDONESIA FISCAL YEAR April 1 - March 31 FOR OFFICIALUSE ONLY INDONESIA PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK-NEGARA TENTH POWER PROJECT Table of Contents Page No. 1. THE-ENERGY SECTOR . 1 Energy Resources and Status of Development . .. 1 Petroleum .... .. 1 Natural Gas .... .. 2 Coal .............. 2 'Hydroelectric Resources ... .. 3 Geothermal Resources ... .. 4 Nuclear Power .... 4 Non-Commercial Sources ... .. 4 Growth of Energy Consumption ... .. 5 Organization of the Energy Sector . .. 5 Problems in the Energy Sector, Policy and Pricing . .. 6 The Electricity Subsector ... .. 6 DGEP .............. 7 PLN ........................... 7 Captive Plants .... .. 7 Rural Electrification ... .. 8 2. THE POWER MARKET AND THE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM . 8 Status of Surveys .... 8 Demand Projections . 9 Access to Service . 10 Connection Programs . 10 Development Program . 11 Overview of the Program . 12 3. THEBENEFICIARY ....................... 13 Legal Status and ResponsibilitiesP.. .. .... 13 Organization and Management ... ..... 14 Present Facilities . ... 16 Manpower and Training . ...... ..... 17 Research .... ...... 17 Accounting and Audit . ... ..... 18 Insurance .... ...... 18 Peformance Under Earlier Bank Operations . 18 This document has a restricteddistribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. -2 Page No. 4. THE PROJECT ......................... 19 Objectives of the Project ... 19 Project Description ... 20 Investigations and Suitability of the Saguling Site . 21 Dam Site and Other Features ... 22 Optimization of Project Features . 22 Geology .... ...... 23 Seismology .... ...... 23 Allied Structures .... ...... 23 Reservoir Area .... ..... 23 Siesmology .... ...... 24 Hydrology .... ..... 24 Sedimentation .... ...... 25 Construction Materials . 25 Engineering and Design ... ..... 26 Environmental Aspects ... ... 26 Construction Equipment for PLN Task Force . 29 Engineering of Cirata Hydroelectric Project . 29 Project Cost Estimate ... ...... 30 Contingencies .... ...... 31 Consulting Services ... ..... 31 Financing .... ..... 32 Construction . 32 Implementation Program ... ..... 33 Procurement .... ...... 33 Disbursement .... ...... 33 Maintenance for Dam Safety ... .... 34 5. FINANCIAL ANALYSIS . 34 Past Results .... ...... 34 Present Financial Position ... .... 35 Future Financial Performance . 36 6. JUSTIFICATION .... 37 Demand .... ..... 37 Least Cost Solution ... ..... 38 Internal Economic Rate of Return . 38 Risks .39 7. AGREEMENTS TO BE REACHED AND RECOMMENDATIONS . 39 ANNEXES 1. Organization Chart of the Ministry of Mines and Energy 2. Forecast of Future Generation Requirements 3. Growth of Generating Capacity, Sales and Peak Demand in Java 4. PLN-s Organization Chart 5. Principal Features of Saguling Hydroelectric Project 6. Citarum River Development Plan 7. Salient Features of Cirata Hydroelectric Project 8. Project Cost Estimate 9. Summary of Financing for the Saguling Project 10. Implementation Schedule of the Saguling Project 11. Milestone Schedule for Main Civil Works and Penstocks 12. Estimated Schedule of Disbursements 13. PLN Past Financial Results 14. PLN Financial Forecasts 15. Assumptions for the Financial Forecast 16. Cost and Benefit Streams for IERR Calculations 17. Information Available in the Project Files MAPS Public Generating Facilities by Areas Java Power System Saguling Power Project General Site Arrangement This report was prepared by Messrs. C.K. Chandran and B. Keith Thomas, who appraised the project in August/September1980. 1. THE ENERGY AND ELECTRICITY SECTORS Energy Resources and Status of Development 1.01 Data on energy resources in Indonesia are incomplete and the coverage is uneven, varying from fairly good documentation on oil reserves to very little on geothermal resources or nuclear fuels; data on existing and potential energy consumption patterns is similarly incomplete. Energy policy formulation is thus rendered difficult and is presently limited to broad generalities. In the past the Bank has agreed to finance a number of studies designed specifically to rectify statistical deficiencies (e.g., hydropower surveys - Power VI Loan 1365). Recently, however, the Minister of Mines and Energy has asked the Bank to undertake a more comprehensive survey of the energy sector with a view to systematizing the data currently avail- able, identifying the major deficiencies and assisting the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to determine the best method of proceeding with sector documentation and policy formulation. A Bank mission to initiate this work visited Indonesia in November 1980. Available information on the energy sector and the main issues are summarized in the following paragraphs. 1.02 Indonesia is endowed with abundant energy resources and has large as yet underdeveloped natural gas, coal, hydroelectric power and geothermal sources. Petroleum reserves have been exploited for some time. The availability of indigenous oil caused Indonesia to develop a petroleum-based energy sector rather than exploiting other available energy resources. Prior to independence, the country relied on coal and hydroelectric energy to a large extent for its commercial energy but now petroleum accounts for 90% of total commercial energy consumption. Steps are being taken by the Government to increase the shares of coal, hydroelectric power and geo- thermal energy as rapidly as possible. Petroleum 1.03 Petroleum reserves are estimated at about 50 billion barrels, but proven resources are between 10-15 billion barrels. The figure has not in- creased significantly since 1970. Present production is about 1.6 million barrels per day, and it is expected to increase to 1.8 million barrels per day by 1984. The government assessment is that with virtually static reserves and constant production, and the rapid increases in domestic demand (about 14% per year), surpluses available for export would steadily decline, seriously undermining the economy. GOI has therefore adopted a policy of developing other indigenous energy sources such as coal, hydroelectricity, natural gas and geothermal for internal consumption. As a result of these policies and due to expected increases in oil prices the annual growth of domestic consumption of oil is expected to decrease to about 8.5% in 1983. Liquified natural gas (LNG) and condensate exports are expected to increase - 2 - rapidly and will compensate partially for the slowdown in oil exports. In the above context, it is imperative that detailed plans be drawn up urgently for well-coordinated development of the energy sector and its various subsector_. Natural Gas 1.04 The estimated natural gas reserve is about 34 trillion cu ft, of which 5 trillion cu ft represents gas associated with oil production. The present production level is about 80 billion cu ft per year. Pipelines have recently been laid to steel and fertilizer factories and consumption is expected to increase at the rate of 15% per year during the next five years. Following agreement reached with Japan a few years ago, export of natural gas in the liquid form (LNG) has commenced and is expected to grow rapidly. A study of natural gas pricing and utilization has been agreed under Credit 451-IND to determine the potential usage of gas in Indonesia and the resources available. GOI policy is to use surpluses, where available, for electricity production. In Java, where some thermal stations have been designed for dual firing (oil and gas), no surpluses are now available. Natural gas is being used however in Java and Sumatra. Coal 1.05 Indonesia-s coal reserves are conservatively estimated at 1.2 billion tons, 86% of which are in Sumatra and the balance in Kalimantan. Some estimates place the total reserves at 15.0 billion tons.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Aquaculture Development for Resettlement in Indonesia
    Wat e r she d a9r0- e co logy pr og ra ms Il1tegrated tropical reservo.ir fisheries management DraY/down -Feed agri-aquaculture t -Equipment industries II :"'Ptocessing 'Rice-fish integrated farming ~......I"'f"~.~~- -- .- I-~ Wservoir Fisheries and Aquaculture Development /' for Resettlement in Indonesia Edited by Barry A. $osta-Pierce Otto Soernarwoto PERUSAHAAN UMUM LlSTRlK NEGARA JAKARTA, INDONESIA INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY, PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY BANDUNG, INDONESIA INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES Reservoir Fisheries and APP, ! t 1991 Aquaculture Development for Resettlement in Indonesia Edited by B.A. COSTA-PIERCE 0.SOEMARWOTO 1990 Printed in Manila, Philippines Published by Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara, Jakarta, Indonesia; Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, JI. Sekeloa Selatan 1, Bandung, Indonesia; and the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines Costa-Pierce, B.A. and 0. Soemanvoto, Editors. 1990. Reservoir fisheries and aquaculture development for resettlement in Indonesia. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 23, 378 p. Cover: Idealized view of component fisheries, agriculture, conservation and cornmunitv industrial systems integrated to accomplish reservoir restoration and social rehabilitation of displaced persons. Artwork by Ovidio F. Espiritu, Jr. ICLARM Contribution No. 612. We dedicate all qf tfk hard work collectivefg put into thk praject, th human, natural; andspiritdenergj evenried, to th mnwry qf Dr. Ian % Smith, Director Geverd ICLWM, 1985 to 1989. We wfw have shred and been touched 6y your vision have been hrwred 6y the chrtce to meet a Brother in tfie StnggIk for D@iq ... om so dedicated to the triumph qf tfu human spirit over immense udversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimizing the Social Impacts of Dam Construction by Otto Soemarwoto (1960S)
    Minimizing the social impacts of dam construction by Otto Soemarwoto (1960s). The main purpose of the Dams often have serious ecological and social Jatiluhur dam is to provide irriga- impacts: in the Saguling case they were indeed tion water for the lower northern very large. But the people adapted and developed plains of West Java, but it also produces electricity, provides water fisheries and were able to benefit significantly to Jakarta, and controls floods. from the project. Saguling and Cirata were built al- most exclusively for the generation of electricity. Since the dams were funded INDONESIA DEPENDS very ning process, then the environ- partly by the World Bank, an much on exporting oil for its foreign mental and social costs may well Environmental Impact Assessment currency earnings. When oil prices exceed the benefits of the dam. (EIA) was required for each dam. dropped dramatically in 1986 the The Institute of Ecology (IOE) of country suffered heavily, and so is Padjadjaran University was com- now diversifying its energy produc- The Saguling dam missioned to carry out these EIAs. tion to coal and particularly to The Saguling dam was built across Five options for the resettlement of hydro. It is clear, however, that the Citarum River, creating a reser- the people of Saguling were sug- dams can have very serious negative voir of about 6000 hectares. It is gested, one of which was fisheries social, health, and environmental located in West Java, about 30km development. impacts, and if these impacts are west of Bandung, the capital of the not identified when dams are being West Java Province.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply of Jakarta
    WATER SUPPLY OF JAKARTA Prof.Dr. Djoko M. Hartono Environmental Engineering Study Program. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia SMART ENGINEERING TOKYO 2018 UNITED NATION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION OFFICE, TOKYO 1 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Raw Water Resources 3. Regulation 4. Water Availability Condition 5. SDGs Target 6. Conclusion 2 Raw Water Resources ● Raw water supply for drinking water in Jakarta mostly come from surface water. ● 80 % of it comes from the Citarum River, located in the East of Jakarta. ● 15 % of raw water come from Cisadane River, West Java ● Another 5 % come from smaller rivers flowing from West Java Province to the Jakarta area such as Ciliwung, Krukut and Pesanggarahan 3 Raw Water Resources ●The water comes from Citarum river is used and managed through several dams, ie. Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam and Jatiluhur Dam. ●With total catchment area for Jatiluhur Dam is 4500 ● Those dams are also used for electric power generation, river flow management, irrigation, tourism and industrial purposes. (Jatiluhur Dam) 4 West Tarum Canal and Main Rivers in Jakarta ● The average water capacity of the Citarum River distributed in the Jakarta, Bekasi and Karawang that conveys through West Tarum Canal. ●The multifunction West Tarum Canal is 70 km long and flows through several industrial and settlement areas 5 WATER Increasing Protecting Economic Public Health Development NATIONAL Poor management of the water resources has contributed ISSUES to
    [Show full text]
  • Directors: Ir. Widagdo, Dipl.HE Hisaya SAWANO Authors
    Directors: Ir. Widagdo, Dipl.HE Hisaya SAWANO Authors: Ir. Sarwono Sukardi, Dipl.HE Ir. Bambang Warsito, Dipl.HE Ir. Hananto Kisworo, Dipl.HE Sukiyoto, ME Publisher: Directorate General of Water Resources Yayasan Air Adhi Eka i Japan International Cooperation Agency ii River Management in Indonesia English Edition English edition of this book is a translation from the book : “Pengelolaan Sungai di Indonesia” January 2013 ISBN 978-979-25-64-62-4 Director General of Water Resources Foreword Water, as a renewable resource, is a gift from God for all mankind. Water is a necessity of life for creatures in this world. No water, no life. The existence of water, other than according to the hydrological cycle, at a particular place, at a particular time, and in particular quality as well as quantity is greatly influenced by a variety of natural phenomena and also by human behavior. Properly managed water and its resources will provide sustainable benefits for life. However, on the other hand, water can also lead to disasters, when it is not managed wisely. Therefore, it is highly necessary to conduct comprehensive and integrated water resources management efforts, or widely known as “Integrated Water Resources Management”. In the same way, river management efforts as part of the river basin integrated water resources management, include efforts on river utilization, development, protection, conservation and control, in an integrated river basin with cross-jurisdiction, cross-regional and cross- sectoral approach. This book outlines how water resources development and management in several river basins are carried out from time to time according to the existing situations and conditions, Besides, it covers various challenges and obstacles faced by the policy makers and the implementers in the field, The existing sets of laws and regulations and the various uses and benefits are also discused.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Water Quality Index System in the Assessment of Water Pollution Control
    Evaluation of the suitability of Citarum river water for different uses Mohamad Ali Fulazzaky1, 2, ∗; Mochammad Basuki Hadimuljono2 1Department of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 2Ministry of Public Works Jalan Pattimura No. 20, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta 12110, Indonesia Abstract The Citarum river water is the most important water sources in Indonesia. The river that supports a population of 28 million people, delivers 20% of Indonesia's gross domestic product, and provides 80% of surface water to carry through the West Tarum Canal to the Jakarta’s water supply authority, is one of the most polluted rivers in the world. Water quality degradation of this river increases from the year to year due to the increasing pollutant loads when released particularly from Bandung region of the upstream areas into river without treatment. This will be facing the chronic problems of water pollution for supporting the suitability of water for different uses. This study used the Water Quality Evaluation System to asses the suitability of water in term of the Water Quality Aptitude (WQA) for five different uses and its aquatic ecosystem. The assessment of ten selected stations was found that the WQA ranges from the suitable quality for agriculture and livestock watering uses to unsuitable for biological potential function, drinking water production, and leisure activities and sports upstream the Saguling reservoir, generally. The role of Citarum river water in providing the demands of multipurpose uses particularly for Jakarta’s water supply will still be present in question for the years to come.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparedness Effort Toward Climate Change Adaptation in Upper Citarum River Basin, West Java, Indonesia
    Preparedness Effort toward Climate Change Adaptation in Upper Citarum River Basin, West Java, Indonesia M.Syahril Badri KUSUMA* Arno Adi KUNTORO*, Rasmiaditya SILASARI* Bandung Institute of Technology* ABSTRACT: Citarum River Basin is one of the strategic Basins in West Java. Citarum River flows from the mountainous area in Bandung, through the three cascade dams: Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur, before finally flows to Java Sea. Surface water from Upper Citarum River Basin is a plateau area surrounded by mountain range which forms a basin which flows into Saguling Dam. This geographical condition causes the rainfall runoff on the mountain range tend to flow into the basin area, resulting in high discharge surface flow during wet season. The high discharge unfortunately is not accommodated with adequate channel capacity, which in this case is the Citarum River of Upstream Citarum River Basin. Consequently, during the rainy season, flood disaster often occurs around the Citarum River which flows through Bandung Regency. Heavy flood disaster in particular occurred in Dayeuh Kolot Subdistrict which brought great damages, due to the area is located adjacent to the Bandung City, the capital city where many important activities occur. As the main catchment area of Saguling Dam, this basin also holds an important role for water supply in the downstream area. Lack of water supply from Upper Citarum River Basin during dry season might disturb water supply for irrigation area in Karawang and Indramayu. Climate Change Mitigation which in Indonesia mainly associated with flood in wet season and drought in dry season has to deals with common problems, for example: 1) lack of hydrological data; 2) high discrepancy in hydrology/drainage computation result using the common computation method; 3) unreliable design of drainage facilities, etc., and his study emphasizes the importance of solving those kinds of problems for Climate Change Mitigation in the future, especially in Citarum River Basin KEYWORDS: climate change adaptation, Citarum River Basin 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Quantitative Evaluation of Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Loading in the Citarum River Basin, Indonesia
    Full Paper Journal of Agricultural Meteorology 73 (1): 31-44, 2017 Quantitative Evaluation of Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Loading in the Citarum River Basin, Indonesia Koshi YOSHIDA a , † , Kenji TANAKA a , Keigo NODA b , Koki HOMMA c Masayasu MAKI d, Chiharu HONGO e, Hiroaki SHIRAKAWA f and Kazuo OKI b a Faculty of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan b Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan c Faculty of Agriculture, Tohoku University, 1-1 Amimiya, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan d Faculty of Engineering, Tohoku Institute of Technology, 35-1 Kasumi, Yagiyama, Sendai, Miyagi, 982-8577, Japan e Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan f Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, JAPAN Abstract Human population growth has led to increases in energy and food production, use of fertilizers, and wastewater flows. Enhanced availability of nitrogen is a cause of eutrophication of rivers, lakes, and estuaries worldwide. In this study, Cita- rum River Basin, West Java, Indonesia was selected as a target area, supplying 80% of domestic water to Jakarta Metrop- olis. Meteorological and hydrological data from 1996 to 2009, and spatial data such as topography, land use, soil proper- ties were collected for model simulation. Conceptual nitrogen balance model, which has three nitrogen pools, was devel- oped and combined with rainfall runoff model. Proposed model was applied to the Citarum River Basin and simulated river discharge and nitrogen load in 1 km×1 km resolution to check the model applicability.
    [Show full text]
  • Cascade Reservoirs Optimization in Citarum River Indonesia
    Hydropower15 Stravanger, Norway 15 – 16 June 2015 Cascade Reservoirs Optimization in Citarum River Indonesia Reni Mayasari & Budy Gunady Jasa Tirta II Public Corporation, Indonesia ABSTRACT Hydropower’s located in the three cascade reservoirs are all situated on the Citarum River in West Java, the upper two reservoirs Saguling and Cirata are single purpose dam that operated for hydro- power production, while the downstream reservoir, Ir. H. Djuanda has to meet the water supply requirements as a multipurpose dam, therefore optimize operation of these three reservoirs is necessary for maximizes dependable water to meet several needs with existing limitation. Reservoirs operated by means of rule curve that relates storage and time. Several curves can be applied at the same time depending on the position of the next periods of the release that are taken. The dynamic programming method as a famous and classic method to optimize a reservoir system was chosen to applied. This method is possible to decide under uncertainty with in the most optimal “path” of reservoir level. The rule curves produced had been optimized with respect to power production in the system. At the same time monthly target storage was derived with respect to flood protection and water supply for all purposes. Different purposes and various operators on managing reservoir operation induce conflict of interests. Optimization method cannot always be applied considering the complexity of constraints that must be adopted. To overcome of these limitations the policies are brought about in the form of coordination forum, and optimization is conducted by simulation and sometimes without optimizing the hydropower production.
    [Show full text]
  • Emp) for Jatiluhur Irrigation Management and Improvement (Jimi
    ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) FOR JATILUHUR IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT (JIMI) Public Disclosure Authorized FOR THE REHABILITATION OF SUB- SYSTEMS OF BARUGBUG Cs, PAWELUTAN Cs AND SALAMDARMA KIRI Cs. - Content - 1. Background. ................................................................................................................................ 1 2. Location. ...................................................................................................................................... 2 3. Scope of Works for 3 Sub-Systems in the 1st year Program...................................................... 2 Public Disclosure Authorized 4. Construction Equipment. ............................................................................................................. 2 5. Environmental Assessment. ........................................................................................................ 3 6. Environmental Condition Summary ............................................................................................. 3 6.1. Climate ..................................................................................................................................... 3 6.2. Air Quality and Noise ............................................................................................................... 4 6.3. Topographic Characteristics and Regional Geology ............................................................... 5 6.4. Hydrology and Water Quality ..................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Inter-Linkage Case Study of Citarum River Basin in Indonesia
    Inter-linkage Case Study of Citarum River Basin in Indonesia Kazuo Oki (The University of Tokyo) Background Keyword＜Food production＞ Food demand will increase by increment of population. World Population Population in South-East Asia （2010-2050） （2010-2050） 90.0 79.5 80.0 1.4 times 70.0 9.0 1.3times 56.7 60.0 8.0 7.7 50.0 20102010年 ） 7.0 (100 million) 40.0 2050年 5.9 30.0 2050 6.0 20.0 12.4 12.8 5.0 10.0 1.2times 100,million 4.0 0.0 （ 2.9 3.0 2.3 developed先進国 developing途上国 countries countries 2.0 ・ 1.0 World’s population in 2050 will become 9.1 0.0 年 年 年 年 billion, mainly due to increase in developing 2010 2050 20102010 2050 2050 2010 2050 countries South East Indonesia ・70% increment of agricultural production is Asia needed to meet future food demand. Increment of food production may give negative impacts to environment. Background Keyword＜Water・Food・Environment＞ Prediction of Global Warming Impact in Southeast Asia（IPCC） Global Warming leads significant decrease of crop production, water pollution in the downstream, inequality of water utilization, and increase of our health crisis. How peoples adapt to these problems Big social problems!! 3 Ｗe will need to propose the new river basin model in Asia (Indonesia ) that takes into consideration the balance of water, food and health in response to climate change. Objectives To discuss the new inter-linkage of Citarum river basin in Indonesia with various fields players.
    [Show full text]
  • Kochi University of Technology Academic Resource Repository Kochi University of Technology Academic Resource Repository
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Kochi University of Technology Academic Resource Repository Kochi University of Technology Academic Resource Repository � Preparedness Effort toward Climate Change Adapti Title on in Upper Citarum River Basin, West Java, Indo nesia KUSUMA, M.Syahril Badri, KUNTORO, Arno Adi, SILA Author(s) SARI, Rasmiaditya Society for Social Management Systems Internet J Citation ournal Date of issue 2011-09 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10173/855 Rights Text version publisher � � Kochi, JAPAN http://kutarr.lib.kochi-tech.ac.jp/dspace/ Preparedness Effort toward Climate Change Adaptation in Upper Citarum River Basin, West Java, Indonesia M.Syahril Badri KUSUMA* Arno Adi KUNTORO*, Rasmiaditya SILASARI* Bandung Institute of Technology* ABSTRACT: Citarum River Basin is one of the strategic Basins in West Java. Citarum River flows from the mountainous area in Bandung, through the three cascade dams: Saguling, Cirata, and Jatiluhur, before finally flows to Java Sea. Surface water from Upper Citarum River Basin is a plateau area surrounded by mountain range which forms a basin which flows into Saguling Dam. This geographical condition causes the rainfall runoff on the mountain range tend to flow into the basin area, resulting in high discharge surface flow during wet season. The high discharge unfortunately is not accommodated with adequate channel capacity, which in this case is the Citarum River of Upstream Citarum River Basin. Consequently, during the rainy season, flood disaster often occurs around the Citarum River which flows through Bandung Regency. Heavy flood disaster in particular occurred in Dayeuh Kolot Subdistrict which brought great damages, due to the area is located adjacent to the Bandung City, the capital city where many important activities occur.
    [Show full text]
  • Fisherie- Management ' ' Tree Forest .Bam O , Farm ''
    Integrated tropical reservoir Watershed agro ecology..- .. programs fisherie- management ' ' Tree forest .Bam o , farm ''.. " l stabiliZatio n!' gran Hatchery development Cage culture .. , - .Fish Fish ranchinranchingFloatingg--.. net culture e - .F ishe r ie s ay " "erienhancement Aquatic weed control , e nc e/ Ba y -- ' culture '-Dam '-D - Intensive aquaculture s-t M Drawdown d mills .... agri-aq uacultu re dustries cessing " _ Rice-fish W, )Il ,4 . integrated farming Reservoir Fisheries and Aquaculture Deveiopment for Resettlement in Indonesia Edited by Barry A.Costa-Pierce Otto Soemarwoto 1990 PERUSAHAAN UMUM LISTRIK NEGARA JAKARTA, INVONESIA INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY, PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY BANDUNG, INDONESIA INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES Reservoir Fisheries and Aquaculture Development for Resettlement in Indonesia Edited by B.A. COSTA-PIERCE 0. SOEMARWOTO 1990 Printed inManila, Philippines Published by Pei~jsahaan Umum Listrik Negara, Jakarta, Indonesia; Institute of Eco; jy, Padjadjaran University, JI. Sekeloa Selatan 1,Bandung, Indonesia; and the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines Costa-Pierce, B.A. and 0 Soemarwoto, Editors. 1990. Resprvoir fisheries and aquaculture development for resrtement in Indonesia. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 23, 378 p. ISN 0115-5547 ISBN 971-1022-50-8 Cover: Idealized view of component fisheries, agriculture, conservation and community industrial systems integrated to accomplish reservoir restoration and social rehabilitation of displaced persons. Artwork by Ovidio F. Espiritu, Jr. ICLARM Contribution No. 612. DEDICATION We dedicate adl of the hardwork coffectivefy put into this project, the human, natural,andspiritualenergyecpended,to the ,emon of Dr.fan R Smith, DirectorGenera, ICLARM, 1985 to 1989.
    [Show full text]