WATER SUPPLY OF JAKARTA
Prof.Dr. Djoko M. Hartono
Environmental Engineering Study Program. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia SMART ENGINEERING TOKYO 2018
UNITED NATION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION OFFICE, TOKYO
1 Outline
1. Introduction 2. Raw Water Resources 3. Regulation 4. Water Availability Condition 5. SDGs Target 6. Conclusion
2 Raw Water Resources
● Raw water supply for drinking water in Jakarta mostly come from surface water. ● 80 % of it comes from the Citarum River, located in the East of Jakarta. ● 15 % of raw water come from Cisadane River, West Java ● Another 5 % come from smaller rivers flowing from West Java Province to the Jakarta area such as Ciliwung, Krukut and Pesanggarahan 3 Raw Water Resources
●The water comes from Citarum river is used and managed through several dams, ie. Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam and Jatiluhur Dam.
●With total catchment area for Jatiluhur Dam is 4500
● Those dams are also used for electric power generation, river flow management, irrigation, tourism and industrial purposes. (Jatiluhur Dam)
4 West Tarum Canal and Main Rivers in Jakarta ● The average water capacity of the Citarum River distributed in the Jakarta, Bekasi and Karawang that conveys through West Tarum Canal.
●The multifunction West Tarum Canal is 70 km long and flows through several industrial and settlement areas
5 WATER
Increasing Protecting Economic Public Health Development
NATIONAL Poor management of the water resources has contributed ISSUES to the suffering on poor society
6 Raw Water
• The growth rate of population and urbanization have highly increased • Jakarta’s development increase the needs of clean water to fulfil Jakarta’s public’s needs (domestic, industry and agriculture) • Water supply was initiated with deep well Integrated installations in some areas of Jakarta, but now also combined from surface Water water Resource • Water quality degradation because of Management contamination • Little rain in dry season • Location of raw water comes from different province
7 Table 1. The utilization of Jatiluhur Dam
Capacity Utilities Percentage (%) (million m³)
Water Supply 450 6
Industry 151 2
Others 25 0,3
Irrigation 6.500 86,7
Not yet use 374 5
8 Turbidity of Buaran River
9 Water Treatment Plants are located in: ● Buaran Water Treatment Plan I and II up to 5.3 m³/second ● Pulogadung Water Treatment Plant up to 4 m³/second and ● Pejompongan Water Treatment Plant I and II up to 5,7 m³/second
10 11 Table 2. Quality of Buaran River (2006-2016) Amonia Iron Manganese Year (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) 2006 0.48 0.13 0.13 2007 0.46 0.12 0.11 2008 0.47 0.18 0.09 2009 0.45 0.18 0.12 2010 0.50 0.15 0.13 2011 0.57 0.15 0.08 2012 0.69 0.15 0.13 2013 0.51 0.13 0.11 2014 0.61 0.14 0.13 2015 0.58 0.12 0.15 2016 0.37 0.11 0.04
Source: PT. Aetra, 2016 12 Regulation
● The new Government Regulation as well as Local Government Regulation to protect and maintain water resource management has already been set up with the purpose of water supply sustainability . ● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 82/2001 (Reference [14]), concerning with government policy on using surface water as raw water for water supply including protecting as well as maintaining. ● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 122/2015, concerning with Water Supply System, to serve water supply system to the citizen as their right. ● Ministry of Health Regulation Number 497/2010.
13 Extreme Turbidity Condition in 2008
NTU 15550 Turbidity 2008 16000 14243
14000 12300 11422 12000 10086
10000 7533 8000
6000 3994 4352
4000 1653 158 2000 211 34 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Months 14 Coordination
● Water resource is managing based on sustainability, balancing, integrated, equity, transparency and accountable. ● The aim is on water resource utilization sustainable and for citizen prosperous ● There are 18 Ministry and sector involved in water resources management
15 Utilization
● Utilization water by agriculture and irrigation sector(the biggest), industry, water supply, others. ● Surface water the most available raw water resources among others (ground water, rainfall) ● Increasing of pollution due to the high turbidity, solid waste and waste water accumulation, increasing of sediment, and others. ● Example of DKI Jakarta, almost 90% raw water for water supply from Citarum/Kali Malang River
16 Strategy WRM
● WR: surface water, rainfall, recycling water, desalination ● Protecting more in raw water especially surface water ● Minimization on shallow ground water and deep ground water ● Increasing community participation ● Non structure approach in WR conservation
17 Obstacles WRM
● System Information and data WRM ● Low Community awareness in water saving ● Community attitudes in discharge water waste (solid and liquid) in water body ● Low coordination among sector ● Weak commitment in water infrastructure
18 Problems
● Exchange land use function in top, middle and down area ● Decreasing quality and quantity raw water due to the pollution ● Water demand versus water supply ● Excessive of extraction on ground water ● Housing and waste water along the river
19 Challenges in the future
● Population increases need more space, more infrastructure, water supply and sanitation, food, electricity ● Enhancement human resources, technology adaptation, organization and coordination ● Decentralization caused management inefficient ● Protecting and conservation on water resources
20 SDGs Target Achievement Per Province Status until 2011
ProportionPercentage of of households Households have with an decent access drinking to safe drinking water access water 70,0 Target of SDG’s 2015 : 68.87% 60,0
50,0
40,0
30,0
20,0
10,0
28,7 41,7 37,1 37,4 44,3 45,2 26,9 37,8 29,3 20,9 24,3 33,7 57,3 62,7 53,2 22,1 50,4 43,2 50,1 51,2 34,2 49,9 34,4 38,2 40,7 42,3 53,7 40,5 30,2 50,5 46,2 40,4 26,3 42,8
0,0
Bali
Riau
Aceh
Jambi
Papua
Banten
Maluku
Lampung
Bengkulu
Kep. Riau Kep.
Indonesia
Gorontalo
Jawa BaratJawa
DKI Jakarta DKI
Jawa Timur Jawa
Papua Barat Papua
Jawa Tengah Jawa
DI Yogyakarta DI
Maluku Utara Maluku
Sulawesi Barat Sulawesi
Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi
Sumatera BaratSumatera
Sumatera Utara Sumatera
Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi
Sulawesi Selatan Sulawesi
Kalimantan BaratKalimantan
Sumatera Selatan Sumatera
Kalimantan TimurKalimantan
Sulawesi Tenggara Sulawesi
Kalimantan Tengah Kalimantan
Kalimantan SelatanKalimantan
Nusa TenggaraBarat Nusa Kep. Bangka Belitung Bangka Kep. Nusa TenggaraTimur Nusa 21 Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs Proportion of households with decent drinking water sources access
80.00 Perkotaan, 2015, 75.3 Rural + Urban 70.00 Indonesia, 2000, 37.51 68.9% Indonesia, 2005, 47.62 Perdesaan, 2015, 65.8 60.00 y = 0,6147x + 38,31 50.00 R² = 0,5787 Perdesaan; 2010; 45.85 40.00 Perkotaan, 2010, 30.00
44.19 42.51
, , Target Target SDGs
20.00 2010 , ,
10.00 Indonesia 0.00
Indonesia Perkotaan Perdesaan 線形Trend(Indonesia) from 1993 s.d. 2010
The government should immediately accelerate the development of raw water supply infrastructure to MDG’s target Source: BPS, SUSENAS various years 22 Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs
Households Source of Water
Air Air Kemasan/Lain Sungai/Hujan, nya, 3.0% 6.0%
Ledeng, 18% Air Tanah, 74%
Source: ICCSR BAPPENAS, 2010
74% of households Source of Water is from groundwater 23 Thank You
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