WATER SUPPLY OF JAKARTA Prof.Dr. Djoko M. Hartono Environmental Engineering Study Program. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia SMART ENGINEERING TOKYO 2018 UNITED NATION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION OFFICE, TOKYO 1 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Raw Water Resources 3. Regulation 4. Water Availability Condition 5. SDGs Target 6. Conclusion 2 Raw Water Resources ● Raw water supply for drinking water in Jakarta mostly come from surface water. ● 80 % of it comes from the Citarum River, located in the East of Jakarta. ● 15 % of raw water come from Cisadane River, West Java ● Another 5 % come from smaller rivers flowing from West Java Province to the Jakarta area such as Ciliwung, Krukut and Pesanggarahan 3 Raw Water Resources ●The water comes from Citarum river is used and managed through several dams, ie. Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam and Jatiluhur Dam. ●With total catchment area for Jatiluhur Dam is 4500 ● Those dams are also used for electric power generation, river flow management, irrigation, tourism and industrial purposes. (Jatiluhur Dam) 4 West Tarum Canal and Main Rivers in Jakarta ● The average water capacity of the Citarum River distributed in the Jakarta, Bekasi and Karawang that conveys through West Tarum Canal. ●The multifunction West Tarum Canal is 70 km long and flows through several industrial and settlement areas 5 WATER Increasing Protecting Economic Public Health Development NATIONAL Poor management of the water resources has contributed ISSUES to the suffering on poor society 6 Raw Water • The growth rate of population and urbanization have highly increased • Jakarta’s development increase the needs of clean water to fulfil Jakarta’s public’s needs (domestic, industry and agriculture) • Water supply was initiated with deep well Integrated installations in some areas of Jakarta, but now also combined from surface Water water Resource • Water quality degradation because of Management contamination • Little rain in dry season • Location of raw water comes from different province 7 Table 1. The utilization of Jatiluhur Dam Capacity Utilities Percentage (%) (million m³) Water Supply 450 6 Industry 151 2 Others 25 0,3 Irrigation 6.500 86,7 Not yet use 374 5 8 Turbidity of Buaran River 9 Water Treatment Plants are located in: ● Buaran Water Treatment Plan I and II up to 5.3 m³/second ● Pulogadung Water Treatment Plant up to 4 m³/second and ● Pejompongan Water Treatment Plant I and II up to 5,7 m³/second 10 11 Table 2. Quality of Buaran River (2006-2016) Amonia Iron Manganese Year (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) 2006 0.48 0.13 0.13 2007 0.46 0.12 0.11 2008 0.47 0.18 0.09 2009 0.45 0.18 0.12 2010 0.50 0.15 0.13 2011 0.57 0.15 0.08 2012 0.69 0.15 0.13 2013 0.51 0.13 0.11 2014 0.61 0.14 0.13 2015 0.58 0.12 0.15 2016 0.37 0.11 0.04 Source: PT. Aetra, 2016 12 Regulation ● The new Government Regulation as well as Local Government Regulation to protect and maintain water resource management has already been set up with the purpose of water supply sustainability . ● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 82/2001 (Reference [14]), concerning with government policy on using surface water as raw water for water supply including protecting as well as maintaining. ● Government Indonesia Regulation Number 122/2015, concerning with Water Supply System, to serve water supply system to the citizen as their right. ● Ministry of Health Regulation Number 497/2010. 13 Extreme Turbidity Condition in 2008 NTU 15550 Turbidity 2008 16000 14243 14000 12300 11422 12000 10086 10000 7533 8000 6000 3994 4352 4000 1653 158 2000 211 34 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Months 14 Coordination ● Water resource is managing based on sustainability, balancing, integrated, equity, transparency and accountable. ● The aim is on water resource utilization sustainable and for citizen prosperous ● There are 18 Ministry and sector involved in water resources management 15 Utilization ● Utilization water by agriculture and irrigation sector(the biggest), industry, water supply, others. ● Surface water the most available raw water resources among others (ground water, rainfall) ● Increasing of pollution due to the high turbidity, solid waste and waste water accumulation, increasing of sediment, and others. ● Example of DKI Jakarta, almost 90% raw water for water supply from Citarum/Kali Malang River 16 Strategy WRM ● WR: surface water, rainfall, recycling water, desalination ● Protecting more in raw water especially surface water ● Minimization on shallow ground water and deep ground water ● Increasing community participation ● Non structure approach in WR conservation 17 Obstacles WRM ● System Information and data WRM ● Low Community awareness in water saving ● Community attitudes in discharge water waste (solid and liquid) in water body ● Low coordination among sector ● Weak commitment in water infrastructure 18 Problems ● Exchange land use function in top, middle and down area ● Decreasing quality and quantity raw water due to the pollution ● Water demand versus water supply ● Excessive of extraction on ground water ● Housing and waste water along the river 19 Challenges in the future ● Population increases need more space, more infrastructure, water supply and sanitation, food, electricity ● Enhancement human resources, technology adaptation, organization and coordination ● Decentralization caused management inefficient ● Protecting and conservation on water resources 20 SDGs Target Achievement Target Percentage of with decentHouseholds drinking water access Proportion of households have an access to safe drinking water 70,0 60,0 Per 50,0 Province 40,0 30,0 20,0 Target of Target 10,0 Status SDG’s 2015 : 68.87% : 2015 SDG’s 28,7 41,7 37,1 37,4 44,3 45,2 26,9 37,8 29,3 20,9 24,3 33,7 57,3 62,7 53,2 22,1 50,4 43,2 50,1 51,2 34,2 49,9 34,4 38,2 40,7 42,3 53,7 40,5 30,2 50,5 46,2 40,4 26,3 42,8 0,0 until Bali Riau Aceh Jambi Papua Banten Maluku 2011 Lampung Bengkulu Kep. Riau Kep. Indonesia Gorontalo Jawa BaratJawa DKI Jakarta DKI Jawa Timur Jawa Papua Barat Papua Jawa Tengah Jawa DI Yogyakarta DI Maluku Utara Maluku Sulawesi Barat Sulawesi Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi Sumatera BaratSumatera Sumatera Utara Sumatera Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi Sulawesi Selatan Sulawesi Kalimantan BaratKalimantan Sumatera Selatan Sumatera Kalimantan TimurKalimantan Sulawesi Tenggara Sulawesi 21 Kalimantan Tengah Kalimantan Kalimantan SelatanKalimantan Nusa TenggaraBarat Nusa Kep. BangkaBelitung Kep. Nusa TenggaraTimur Nusa Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs Proportion of households with decent drinking water sources access 80.00 Perkotaan, 2015, 75.3 Rural + Urban 70.00 Indonesia, 2000, 37.51 68.9% Indonesia, 2005, 47.62 Perdesaan, 2015, 65.8 60.00 y = 0,6147x + 38,31 50.00 R² = 0,5787 Perdesaan; 2010; 45.85 40.00 Perkotaan, 2010, 30.00 44.19 42.51 , Target Target SDGs 20.00 2010 , 10.00 Indonesia 0.00 Indonesia Perkotaan Perdesaan 線形Trend(Indonesia) from 1993 s.d. 2010 The government should immediately accelerate the development of raw water supply infrastructure to MDG’s target Source: BPS, SUSENAS various years 22 Water Provision : Need Acceleration for SDGs Households Source of Water Air Air Kemasan/Lain Sungai/Hujan, nya, 3.0% 6.0% Ledeng, 18% Air Tanah, 74% Source: ICCSR BAPPENAS, 2010 74% of households Source of Water is from groundwater 23 Thank You 24.