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Report of the FAO/SEAFDEC WORKSHOP on PRINCIPLES of IMPROVED FISH PASSAGE at CROSS-RIVER OBSTACLES, with RELEVANCE to SOUTHEAST ASIA

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Report of the FAO/SEAFDEC WORKSHOP on PRINCIPLES of IMPROVED FISH PASSAGE at CROSS-RIVER OBSTACLES, with RELEVANCE to SOUTHEAST ASIA FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1054 FIRF/R1054 (En) ISSN 2070-6987 Report of the FAO/SEAFDEC WORKSHOP ON PRINCIPLES OF IMPROVED FISH PASSAGE AT CROSS-RIVER OBSTACLES, WITH RELEVANCE TO SOUTHEAST ASIA Khon Kaen, Thailand, 17ï20 March 2013 Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: Sales and Marketing Group FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00153 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: +39 06 57053360 Web site: www.fao.org/icatalog/inter-e.htm FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1054 FIRF/R1054 (En) Report of the FAO/SEAFDEC WORKSHOP ON PRINCIPLES OF IMPROVED FISH PASSAGE AT CROSS-RIVER OBSTACLES, WITH RELEVANCE TO SOUTHEAST ASIA Khon Kaen, Thailand, 17–20 March 2013 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2013 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO. ISBN 978-92-5-108028-3 (print) E-ISBN 978-92-5-108029-0 (PDF) © FAO, 2013 FAO encourages the use, reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Except where otherwise indicated, material may be copied, downloaded and printed for private study, research and teaching purposes, or for use in non-commercial products or services, provided that appropriate acknowledgement of FAO as the source and copyright holder is given and that FAO’s endorsement of users’ views, products or services is not implied in any way. All requests for translation and adaptation rights, and for resale and other commercial use rights should be made via www.fao.org/contact-us/licence- request or addressed to [email protected]. FAO information products are available on the FAO website (www.fao.org/ publications) and can be purchased through [email protected]. iii PREPARATION OF THIS DOCUMENT The report of the FAO/SEAFDEC Workshop on Principles of Improved Fish Passage at Cross-river Obstacles, with Relevance to Southeast Asia, held in Khon Kaen, Thailand, in March 2013, was drafted by the Staff of the SEAFDEC Secretariat and the SEAFDEC Training Department under the supervision of the SEAFDEC Secretary-General, Mr Chumnarn Pongsri, and finalized in a joint effort by the resource persons of the Workshop, Mr Rolf-Jürgen Gebler and Mr Andreas Zitek, Mr Gerd Marmulla, Fishery Resources Officer of the FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department in Rome, and Mr Chumnarn Pongsri. The country reports have been reproduced as submitted. FAO. 2013. Report of the FAO/SEAFDEC Workshop on Principles of Improved Fish Passage at Cross-river Obstacles, with Relevance to Southeast Asia. Khon Kaen, Thailand, 17–20 March 2013. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Report No. 1054. Rome. 90 pp. ABSTRACT The FAO/SEAFDEC Workshop on Principles of Improved Fish Passage at Cross-river Obstacles, with Relevance to Southeast Asia was held in Khon Kaen, Thailand, in March 2013. In this workshop participated representatives from agencies responsible for fisheries and/or construction/operation of cross-river obstacles from Cambodia, Indonesia, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand and Viet Nam, as well as the SEAFDEC Secretary-General and officers of the SEAFDEC Secretariat and Training Department, and representatives from the Mekong River Commission (MRC). Country reports on fish passage issues in the participating countries were presented by the participants. Knowledge on fish passage from both the biological and the engineering perspectives, including basic aspect on fish biology and behaviour relevant to fish migration, different types of fish passage facilities, ecological and hydrological requirements for enhancing the effectiveness of fish passages, as well as the monitoring, evaluation and maintenance of fish passages, was presented. Although the known facts are mainly derived from studies in North America and Europe, basic aspects can serve as “food for thought” also in other regions, including Southeast Asia. Information provided and designs presented should, however, under no circumstances just be copied but have to be adapted to local conditions (taking into due consideration the species present) while respecting the important basic design criteria which are valid for all passes of the same type at all locations, whether in Europe, North America or Asia. Importantly, this workshop must not be seen as an encouragement to construct new dams because the principles of the design and construction of fish passage facilities are known. v CONTENTS Page I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. OPENING OF THE WORKSHOP 1 III. IMPORTANCE OF THE FISH PASSAGE 1 IV. COUNTRY REPORTS 2 4.1 Kingdom of Cambodia 2 4.2 Republic of Indonesia 2 4.3 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 3 4.4 Malaysia 3 4.5 The Republic of the Union of Myanmar 3 4.6 The Republic of the Philippines 4 4.7 The Kingdom of Thailand 4 4.8 The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam 4 V. GENERAL ECOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR BUILDING FISH PASSES 4 VI. SWIMMING AND ORIENTATION BEHAVIOUR OF FISHES IN UPSTREAM DIRECTION 5 VII. LOCATION OF FISH PASSAGE FACILITIES AND ATTRACTION 5 VIII. FISH SPECIES AND BEHAVIOR OF DIFFERENT SPECIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA 6 IX. COMMON TYPES OF FISHWAYS 7 X. FUNCTIONALITY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF FISH PASSES 8 XI. MORE DETAILED INFORMATION ABOUT RELEVANT TYPES FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA 8 XII. ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF FISH PASSES 9 XIII. HYDRAULIC DESIGN OF A FISHWAY 10 XIV. TECHNICAL DETAILS 11 XV. OVERVIEW OF RIVER TYPES AND RELEVANT FISH FAUNA 12 XVI. SUSTAINABLE IRRIGATION AND MINI HYDROPOWER 13 DEVELOPMENT IN THE ASIA-PACIFIC XVII. VERTICAL SLOT PASS AT THE POWER STATION 13 XVIII. MONITORING UPSTREAM MIGRATION 14 XIX. MAINTENANCE OF FISHWAYS 15 XX. ECOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION 15 XXI. DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION FACILITIES 16 XXII. FEEDBACK FROM PARTICIPANTS 16 XXIII. CLOSING OF THE WORKSHOP 17 vi APPENDIXES Page A. Agenda 19 B. List of participants 22 C. Opening remarks 27 D. Fish passage in the Kingdom of Cambodia 31 E. Fish passage in the Republic of Indonesia 34 F. Fish passage in the Lao People’s Democratic Republic 44 G. Fish passage in Malaysia 56 H. Fish passage in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar 61 I. Fish passage in the Republic of the Philippines 65 J. Fish passage in Thailand 73 K. Fish passage in the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam 83 L. Summary of the Workshop evaluation 89 vii ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ACIAR Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research ADB Asian Development Bank APFIC Asia Pacific Fisheries Commission BFAR Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (the Philippines) CBD International Convention on Biodiversity CNMC Cambodia National Mekong Committee DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DESIA Division of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment DEPP Department of Energy Policy and Planning DEQP Department of Environmental Quality Promotion DLF Department of Livestock and Fisheries DOI Department of Irrigation DWR Department of Water Resources EDL Electricity Authority of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic EGAT Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand EIA Environment Impact Assessment EDL Electricity Authority of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic EU European Union (Member Organization) EVN Viet Nam Electricity FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations FWAEs Fresh Whole Animal Equivalent Weights FRI Fisheries Research Institut (Malaysia) GDP Gross Domestic Product GOL Government of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic IFReDI Inland Fisheries Research and Development Institute LARReC Living Aquatic Resources Research Center (the LAO People’s Democratic Republic) LECS3 Lao Expenditure and Consumption Survey 3 LMB Lower Mekong Basin LNMC Lao National Mekong Committee LNMCS Lao National Mekong Committee Secretariat MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (the LAO People’s Democratic Republic) MARIS Magat River Irrigation System MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (Viet Nam) MEM Ministry of Energy and Mines (the LAO People’s Democratic Republic) MIME Ministry of Industry, Mining and Energy (Cambodia) MIT Ministry of Industry & Trade (Viet Nam) MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (the LAO People’s Democratic Republic) MOWRAN Ministry of Water Resources and Meteorology (Cambodia) MRMP Magat River Multipurpose Project MRC Mekong River Commission MWSS Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (the Philippines) NAFRI National Agriculture and Forestry Institute (the LAO People’s Democratic Republic) NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan NESDB National Economic and Social Development Board (Thailand) NFFTC Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources National Freshwater Fisheries Technology Center (the Philippines) NPC/NIA National Power Corporation, NIA (the Philippines) PBCP Philippine Biodiversity Conservation Priorities PNPCA Prior Notification, Prior Consultation and Agreement PIT Passive
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