Indonesian Journal of Geography Vol. 5151 No.No. 2,3, August December 2019 2019 (199-206) (385 - 392) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.44914http://dx.doi.org/ 10.22146/ijg.43923 RESEARCH ARTICLE Thee Eect Spreading of Baseline of Vernacular Component Architecture Correlation at the on theRiverways Design of of South GNSS Sumatra, IndonesiaNetwork Conguration for Sermo Reservoir Deformation Monitoring Yulaikhah1,3, Subagyo Pramumijoyo2, Nurrohmat Widjajanti3 Maya Fitri Oktarini 1Ph.D. Student, Doctoral Study Program of Geomatics Engineering, Department of Geodetic Engineering, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Indonesia Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia 2Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia 3Department of Geodetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Received: 2019-03-13 Abstract: The development of past settlements was supported by riverways connecting many Accepted: 2019-12-09 regions with ethnic diversities. Inter-ethnic dissemination and contact created new cultural Received: 2019-05-18 Abstract e condition of the geological structure in the surrounding Sermo reservoir shows combinations. In the southern part of Sumatra, there are two types of stilt houses: highland Accepted: 2019-07-29 that there is a fault crossing the reservoir. Deformation monitoring of that fault has been carried architecture and lowland architecture. Both architectures are developed by different ethnic out by conducting GNSS campaigns at 15 monitoring stations simultaneously. However, those Keywords: groups spread along different riverways. This study focuses on identifying and analyzing the Vernacular Architecture, campaigns were not well designed. With such a design, it took many instruments and spent influence of the riverway in the typology of the vernacular stilt house. The architectural typology Riverway, much money. For the next GNSS campaign, it should be designed so that the optimal network andKeywords: Ethnic Culture data was confirmed by field observations and interviews. The analysis was carried out through baseline correlation, conguration is obtained and the cost can be reduced. In the design of deformation monitoring the Geographic Information System to correlate the influence of the riverway and the ethnic sensitivity, network, sensitivity criteria become very important for detecting the deformations. In GNSS GNSS network, culture on the distribution of the architecture and its transformations. The results show that the relative positioning, the baseline components are correlated, but this correlation is oen ignored. Correspondentdeformation Email: river as a transportation route takes up a more dominant role in the spread of architecture than [email protected] is research examined the eect of baseline component correlations on the design results of the theGNSS boundary conguration of the ethnic of the culture. Sermo TheFault culturalnetwork significance based on sensitivity shows that criterion. the highland In this architecture case, the inwestern the upstream side of the area fault has was a more taken original as a reference, and simpler while characterthe other thanside asthe an lowland object moving architecture rela- Corespondent Email: intively the againstdownstream the western area. side.The isriverway study exposesfound that diverse the baseline cultures component to blend into correlation more complex aects [email protected] architecture.the results of GNSS network conguration. Considering the correlation could result a sensitive network conguration with a fewer baseline; therefore, the cost and time of eld surveys can be reduced. It can be said that the baseline component correlation needs to be taken into account in © 2019 by the authors. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commonsthe conguration Attribution(CC BYdesign NC) licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 of deformation monitoring network. © 2019 by the authors. is article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative 1. Introduction Commons Attribution(CC BY NC) licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0found and used in many lowland settlements which are Sumatra is one of the largest islands in Indonesia called the lowland architecture. Both architectures have different geographical and socio-cultural conditions, so with1. Introduction hundreds of rivers connecting almost all regions. People travel from one side of the watershed to the other it differs on almost every architectural aspect especially Sermo reservoir is located in the western part theon lastshape, three size, years, structure, deformation and monitoringmaterial (Angkasa, has been followingof Yogyakarta, the rivers Indonesia. flow reaching It was builtthe lowland by damming plains. The rivers have formed natural channels that influence carried2017). out by conducting GNSS campaigns. However, Ngrancah river and ocially operated in 1997. It can those Thecampaigns development were not wellstages designed. of the Observations vernacular thehold patterns 25 million of transportation cubic meters andof watercommunication and serves in a the in-land of Sumatra. The principal trade exchanges werearchitecture carried are out through simultaneously a long process at 15 inmonitoring -terms of vital role as a water reservoir from which water is then stationstime scale distributed and space. around Vernacular the fault. architecture With such isa design,a term aredistributed from the by highlands the Water and Utilities the lowlands (PDAM) whichserving have the different local resources and specific access to maritime itof took architecture many instruments created through and spent planning much money.and design For needs for clean water, irrigation, and ood prevention. thethat next develops GNSS campaign,according itto should tradition be designed in the sonative that routese (Miksic, condition 1985). of theSettlements geological evolve structure along in with the certain landscapes of rivers, such as estuary, bay, and thelocal optimal communities network and conguration adapts to isthe obtained local culturaland the Sermo reservoir and surrounding have an interesting costgeographic can be reduced.(Rapoport, 1969). The civilization in the headlands,phenomenon. and Overlaying settlements geological crossed by map many and rivers Landsat will grow faster. Therefore, determining settlement locations highlandsIn general, of South network Sumatra, optimization characterized design by small- can imagery show that there are reverse and thrust faults bescale classied geographical into severalmobility, orders, is much namely older zero, than rst, the shouldwhich crossalways the consider reservoir proximity (Figure 1).to theis river condition (Strang, is 2014) (Fitri, 2019). second,civilization and in thethird lowland orders civilization, (Halicioglu indicated & Ozener, by the conrmed by (Widagdo, Pramumijoyo, Harijoko, & 2008;settlements Kuang, that 1996; began Mehrabi in the bronze & Voosoghi, age (Kusumawati 2014). A Setiawan,Southern 2016) Sumatrain their researchincludes about the theprovinces geological of geodetic& Sukenda, network 2000). Itneeds is located to be at designedan elevation to averagingmeet the Bengkulu,structure of Jambi, rock distribution Lampung, inand the South area ofSumatra. Kulonprogo. The criteriafrom 500 of accuracy,to 1,000 reliability,meters asl and stands low oncost. the However, soil of Southey found Sumatra that province the secondary comprises structure of many which ethnicities. controls alargely deformation volcanic monitoring origin that network protects mustthe areameet from one Thethe rock similarity distribution in linguistic in Kulonprogo and cultures mountain distinguishes is in the the ethnicities into four groups: Malay, Rejang, morelooting criterion, and attack. that It is,also sensitivity provides tofertile the landsoccurring with form of Northwest-Southeast normal fault, Southwest- many water resources for settlements. At first glance, Besemah,Northeast andreverse Komering fault, and(Voorhoeve North-Northwest & Jaspan, 1980).lateral deformation (Benzao & Shaorong, 1995; Even-Tzur, The settlements of the ethnic groups evolved along 2002).the architectures Several study look hassimilar, been but done the groupto design split theup fault. e similar description is also found in the main has brought transformation to the architecture. The fourreport major of Sermo riverways: Reservoir Musi, ProjectLematang, Details Ogan, Design and optimum geodetic and deformation monitoring Komering. These groups created two types of vernacular network,transformation wherein was accuracy a long andprocess reliability of adapting have been to (Departemen Pekerjaan Umum, 1985). the geographical circumstances of the new land and architecture: Uluan and Iliran. The Uluan is widely the most used criteria. Mehrabi and Voosoghi (2014) e fault, henceforth referred to as the Sermo fault, cultural contact with other groups. Meanwhile, the builtpotentially and used aects in many the Sermohighland Dam settlements deformation. referred In used the precision criteria with analytical methods to as the highland architecture; whereas the Iliran is lowland was not civilized until the ninth century. Its THE SPREADING OF VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE Maya Fitri Oktarini ethnic groups migrated in a short period of time but on (Manguin, Mani,