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Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Pertanian http://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/agriekonomika Agriekonomika Volume 7, Nomor 1, 2018 Lebak Swamp Typology and Rice Production Potency in Jakabaring South Sumatra Elisa Wildayana and M. Edi Armanto Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University South Sumatra Indonesia Received: Desember 2016; Accepted: Maret 2018; Published: April 2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v7i1.2513 ABSTRACT The economic and regional development of Palembang has caused land conversion, which was originally as agricultural land and has been converted into non-agricultural activities. The research aimed to compare the typology of lebak swamps and potential rice production before and after the landfilling. Spatial data were obtained using Landsat imagery interpretation in 1987 and 2016. Attribute data was collected using questionnaires and sampling technique was done using disproportionate random sampling method. Typologies of lebak swamps consisted of lebak lebung, deep lebak, middle lebak, levee lebak, shallow lebak and dry land. After landfilling, dry land covers an area of 1,964 ha (72.73%), while the lebak swamp was decreased by approximately 736 ha (27.27%). Before landfilling, soil orders were found based on its dominance, namely Histosols, Entisols, Inceptisols and Gelisols. After landfilling, composition of soil order was dominated by Entisol, Inceptisol, Gelisols and Histosols. Before landfilling rice yields were produced about 3,240 tons of milled dry rice (MDR)/year, and rice production potency is now only about 506.25 tons of MDR/year. Keywords: Lebak swamp, Typology, Rice, Potency, South Sumatra INTRODUCTION is less than 30% and is distributed along Lebak swamp (freshwater swamp or back the Musi River and Ogan River. In achiev- swamp or inland swamp) is defined as a ing food self-sufficiency, lebak swamp is region or a plain located along left and right able to provide the highest rice produc- positions of the rivers and characterized by tions (30%) compared to technically irrigat- a poor drainage system (Sjarkowi et al., ed rice fields (27%), tidal rice fields (25%), 2007; Zahri et al., 2018). It is mentioned and other rice fields (18%) of the total rice as back swamp because the plain extends production in South Sumatra (Armanto et away from the sea or the rivers. In wet al., 2013). Lebak swamp for agriculture seasons, lebak swamp becomes flooded can still be improved, not only for rice pro- plains as it gets water overflow of major duction, but also for fisheries and planta- rivers and rainfall as well as its normally tions as well as other uses (Adriani et al., stagnant water is very difficult to drain. In 2018; Wildayana, 2018a; 2018b). dry seasons, the stagnant water shrinks Jakabaring is an adjoining area because most of the water flows back into directly and located in the southern part the river and the plains become dry. At dry of Palembang and is mostly occupied by seasons, lebak swamp will be planted by lebak swamp. Thus Jakabaring is a sup- farmers to grow usually rice and cereals. porting area and at the same time experi- Besides rice, lebak swamp is utilized for encing direct pressure due to the popula- fishing activities, livestock and others (Ar- tion increase and economic development manto, 2014). of Palembang and its surroundings. Thus Lebak swamp in South Sumatra land conversion in Jakabaring is very dif- province cultivated as the agricultural area ficult to be avoided, and the government Corresponding author : © 2018 Universitas Trunojoyo Madura Address : Komplek Kenten Permai Blok A No 10 RT p-ISSN 2301-9948 | e-ISSN 2407-6260 20/004 Palembang (30114), SUMSEL. Email : [email protected] Phone : 08127338950 Agriekonomika, 7(1) 2018: 30-36 | 31 has developed some public facilities in tained using Landsat imagery interpre- this area, among other international sport tation in 1987 and 2016. The interpreta- center, super and hyper markets, shopping tion of the research area was supported centers, residential centers and others by thematic maps, topographic maps of (Wildayana, 2017; Junedi et al., 2017). 1:50,000 scale, landuse maps with scale In the beginning Jakabaring be- of 1: 250,000, swamp maps with scale of longs to lebak swamp area for agricultural 1:500,000 and followed by calculation of purposes (Wildayana, 2014). In line with the area and distribution of natural phenom- economic development, Jakabaring has been ena by planimetric method (Figure 1). allocated not only for agriculture, but also The soil classification is based on for non-agricultural areas. In order to utilize the Soil Survey Staff (2014) manual book it optimally, it has been reclaimed by land- and the measurement of the rice produc- filling. The landfilling materials come origi- tion was done by plots of squares (size 10- nally from the Musi river, which consist of 10m) and multiplied by the whole planting small rock, sand and mud soil. area. The research method for attribute We need to take some lesson- data was using field survey. Determina- learnt from this case especially in terms of tion of sampling technique was done by agriculture (Sarno et al., 2017; Ningsih et using disproportionate random sampling. al., 2017). The lessons-learnt will help us The total number of respondents (mostly to analyze and to examine with care when farmers) was 120 respondents. Recording lebak swamp will be converted to other of respondent data was done by interview non-agricultural purposes (Wildayana, using questionnaire. Data attribute was 2015). Therefore, this research aimed to processed and analyzed by using SPSS compare lebak swamp typology and rice program and displayed in the form of nar- production potency before and after land- ration, description and tables. filling in Jakabaring South Sumatra. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION METHODOLOGY Research results and discussion focuses The research approach is done in two on the aspect of knowing how the lebak ways, namely for spatial data collection typology and compare between the condi- and data attribute. Spatial data were ob- tion of lebak before the landfilling (1988) Source: Google Map, 2017 Figure 1 Research Site in Jakabaring Palembang (Google web) 32 | Elisa Wildayana and M. Edi Armanto, Lebak Swamp Typology and Rice Production with existing condition (2017). Knowing the in district of MUBA and OKI, their revenue lebak typology and comparing the impact earned from the lebak lebung auction of landfilling is important to evaluate the around Rp 2.5 billion/year. Results of lebak extent of changes in occurring to the lebak lebung is obtained various types of fish, in- swamp. cluding fish for consumption and ornamen- tal fish, for examplebelida fish (Notopterus Lebak Swamp Typology sp.), arowana or tangkeleso fish (Scle- The lebak swamp can be divided into six ropages formasus), sumpit fish (Taxotes typologies, namely lebak lebung; deep sp.), botia fish (Botia sp.), serandang fish lebak; middle lebak; levee lebak; shallow (Ophiocephalus pleurophthalmus) and any lebak and dry land (Table 1). Typology of others. Types of consumption fishes, such the lebak ecosystem is an important part in as catfish, sepat fish, betok fish, patin fish, the formation of socio-economic and cul- tembakang fish,toman fish,baung fish and tural local communities who live and settle others. in the lebak ecosystem. Functions of lebak Deep lebak is a part of swampy swamp are not only as business and resi- area that is much lower than middle lebak. dential areas, but also as water resources, It is flooded 6-9 months/year, water level washing, domestic need of water as well 100-150 cm, and peaty < 50 cm and culti- as social and cultural interactions. vated only in the middle of the dry season Lebak lebung is a depression in when the ground water level has shrunk. swampy areas and is always flooded, wa- In the wet season deep lebak is dominated ter level > 150 cm, and peaty 50-100 cm. by plants of natural waters, such as the lo- In general, lebak lebung often accumulate tus or teratai (the fruit is useful as a snack freshwater fish, especially at low tide dur- food), eceng gondok (usually used for ing the dry season. Lebak lebung is formed handicrafts materials), water grass, keman in two ways, namely naturally, especially in (a type of putri malu that lives in water and the depression area, and man-made with is used as an ingredient side dish or veg- the purpose for collecting freshwater fish etables at meals), and other wild plants. in the dry season. Lebak lebung is utilized Middle lebak is a part swampy as a major business area for the commu- area located lower than levee lebak and nity and as government revenue (PAD) by usually planted at the beginning of the dry lebak lebung auction. PAD varies accord- season in order to make the surface of the ing to the potential of each region, the cir- water had receded for rice. It is flooded 3-6 cumstances of each district, for example months/year, and water level 50-100 cm. Table 1 Lebak Swamp Typology di Jakabaring Before landfilling*/ Types Status Utilized by farmers Locations Lebak lebung Relatively Fishery, freshwater In a deep depressions (valley) static resource Deep lebak Less Freshwater resource Located next to the flood plains and dynamic depressions Middle lebak Very Rice fields In flood plains and river valleys dynamic Levee lebak Dynamic Rice fields On the river levee, valley and flat topography Shallow lebak Very Rice fields and Along the natural river levee, dynamic settlement alluvial plains and flat topography Dry land Relatively Agricultural and Away from river levee and static settlement topography > 1.5 m above sea level Source: */ It was measured in the fields and supported by land use map (1:250,000 scale), Landsat, 2016., Google map, 2017., as well as field survey, (2017) Agriekonomika, 7(1) 2018: 30-36 | 33 Levee lebak is defined as similar shrubs and no trees.
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