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Cascade Reservoirs Optimization in Citarum River Indonesia

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Cascade Reservoirs Optimization in Citarum River Indonesia Hydropower15 Stravanger, Norway 15 – 16 June 2015 Cascade Reservoirs Optimization in Citarum River Indonesia Reni Mayasari & Budy Gunady Jasa Tirta II Public Corporation, Indonesia ABSTRACT Hydropower’s located in the three cascade reservoirs are all situated on the Citarum River in West Java, the upper two reservoirs Saguling and Cirata are single purpose dam that operated for hydro- power production, while the downstream reservoir, Ir. H. Djuanda has to meet the water supply requirements as a multipurpose dam, therefore optimize operation of these three reservoirs is necessary for maximizes dependable water to meet several needs with existing limitation. Reservoirs operated by means of rule curve that relates storage and time. Several curves can be applied at the same time depending on the position of the next periods of the release that are taken. The dynamic programming method as a famous and classic method to optimize a reservoir system was chosen to applied. This method is possible to decide under uncertainty with in the most optimal “path” of reservoir level. The rule curves produced had been optimized with respect to power production in the system. At the same time monthly target storage was derived with respect to flood protection and water supply for all purposes. Different purposes and various operators on managing reservoir operation induce conflict of interests. Optimization method cannot always be applied considering the complexity of constraints that must be adopted. To overcome of these limitations the policies are brought about in the form of coordination forum, and optimization is conducted by simulation and sometimes without optimizing the hydropower production. Keywords : Reservoir optimization, hydropower production and simulation INTRODUCTION The three reservoirs are all situated on the Citarum, West Java. The Ir. H. Djuanda reservoir, which already exists since 1967 is the most downstream one. The next upstream reservoir is Cirata which is expected to become operational by 1987. The Saguling reservoir is the most upstream one and will start its operation in the most upstream one and will start its operation in the course of 1985. Downstream of Ir. H. Djuanda reservoir two weirs across the Citarum divert water into three main canals; the west tarum canal, the East tarum canal and the north tarum canal. The Citarum River Basin covers an area of about 11,000 km2. It includes the river basins of the Citarum (area 6,600 km2) and a number of independent basin such as Cilamaya/Ciherang, Cijnegkol, Cigadung, Ciasem, Cipunegara and Cilalanang and a number odf small sub-basins. It extends from the Cibeet in the west to the Cilalangan in the east and is bounded on the north by the Java sea and in the south by the Tangkuban Perahu mountain and the mountain ranges south of Bandung. More than 20 million people are depend on Citarum with three reservoirs for irrigation (240,000 ha), water supply for domestic, municipal and industry (800 million m3/year), Electricity (3,200 MW), flood control and environment water, therefore optimize operation three reservoirs is necessary for maximizes dependable water to meet several needs with existing limitation. Reservoirs can be operated by means of rule curves. These curves relate storage and time, several curves can be applied at the same time. Depending on the position of the release for the next periods are taken. The linier or dynamic programming method is a famous and classic method to optimize a reservoir system, and it was therefore chosen for application here. With this method it is possible to decide under uncertainly with in the most optimal “path” of reservoir level. For the integrated hydro- power optimization from the three reservoirs cannot be special for the power production, caused by the multipurpose dam in downstream which fulfill water requirements and the system as a whole has to be operated such that flood control is maximal. Ad hoc adjustments are made during emergency situations on daily or even shorter basis. The rule curves produced had been optimized with respect to power production in the system. At the same time monthly target storage was derived with respect to flood protection and water supply for all purposes. Different purposes and various operators on managing reservoir operation induce conflict of interests. Optimization method cannot always be applied considering the complexity of constraints that must be adopted. To overcome the limitation of the method, the policies are brought about in the form of coordination forum. Optimization is conducted by simulation and sometimes without optimizing the hydropower production. 1. EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE DAM IN CITARUM The Jatiluhur project conceived in 1957 to supplement the run-of-river technical irrigation systems on the basin was completed in 1981. It is the largest contiguous irrigation system in Indonesia and is major rice production area. It comprises of the main Ir. H. Djuanda reservoir (estimated net capacity 1,860 M m3 in 1997), the associated Jatiluhur dam, hydro-electric power station (150 MW) and a conveyance system that provides irrigation to about 240,000 ha in West Java through the West Tarum Canal (WTC) system, East Tarum Canal (ETC) system and the North Tarum Canal (NTC) system. In addition, the project provides domestic, municipal and industrial (DMI) raw water supply to DKI Jakarta metropolitan area, to a number of urban center such as Bekasi, Karawang etc., and to industries along the corridor from Jakarta to Cirebon, including the region around Purwakarta. The Project also provides flushing water to Cirebon, including the region around Purwakarta. The project also provides flushing water flush rivers in DKI Jakarta metropolitan area during the dry season. During the 1980’s the State electric Corporation (PLN) constructed two hydro-power projects upstream of the Djuanda reservoir. These are the Saguling Dam (750 MW) completed in 1985 and the Cirata Dam (500 MW) completed in 1988. The capacity of the Ciarata hydro-power station is currently being increased by 500 MW. The Saguling (estimated net capacity 620 M m3) and Cirata (estimated net capacity 800 M m3) reservoirs further regulate the flow in the Citarum and thus enable an increase in the utilization of the water resources of the basin. These reservoirs are operated by the State Electricity Company (PLN) instead of the Jasa Tirta II Public Corporation (PJT-II) with the generation of firm peak power as their main objective. The salient data of the Citarum cascade dams and hydropower plants is shown is Table 1, 2 and 3. Table 1 Data of Citarum Cascade Reservoirs Saguling Cirata Jatiluhur Operational 1985 1988 1967 Dam Data Type Rockfill dam Rockfill dam with Rockfill dam with with clay core concrete face inclined clay core Height 99 m 125 m 105 Crest length 301 m 453.5 m 1220 m Crest elevation 650.20 m 225.0 m 114.5 m Table 2 Data of Citarum Hydropower Plants Saguling Cirata Jatiluhur Tail level (m) 252 103 27.0 Head loss (m) 28.4 4.0 1.0 Spillway characteristics Gated spillway Gated spillway Ungated (ogee) spillway Installed capacity (max. power, MW) 750 1000 187.5 Number of turbines 4 units 8 units 6 units Type of turbines Francis Francis Francis Table 3 Data of Specific Citarum Reservoir Saguling Cirata Jatiluhur Full supply level 643 m 220 m 107 m Dead storage level 623 m 205 m 56 m*) Minimum power level - - 75 m Maximum storage 880 x 106 m3 1,973 x 106 m3 2,970 x 106 m3 Minimum storage 271 x 106 m3 1,177 x 106 m3 599 x 106 m3 **) Surface area at max operating level 49 km2 62 km2 83 km2***) In order to operate the whole cascade reservoir consistently, a special working group committee consisting of representatives from Jasa Tirta II Public Corporation, Jasa Tirta II Public Corporation, Electrical State Company, Research Institute of Water Resources keeps monthly meetings. 2. CITARUM WATER POTENTIAL AND DEMAND The Citarum river originates from mountainous area of Bandung region and flows northward to Java Sea through central portion of West Java Province. Bandung City, the capital of the West Java Province with inhabitants of 6,578,829 is located in the mouth of Saguling Reservoir. Topographically, the Citarum catchment upstream of Jatiluhur is characterized by a ring of high mountain ridges around a slightly undulating plain. Saguling dam is located in the upstream ridge while Cirata and Jatiluhur are in the downstream ridge. The seasonal variation in river runoff closely follows the rainfall distribution, marked by a distinct dry and wet season. The dry season fall in April – September and rainy season fall in October – March. The season not always like this, but depended from condition of season every year. Rainfall in the basin varies from about 4,000 mm/year in the mountainous areas in the upper catchment to about 1,500 mm/year along the coast. Citarum River basin is covering an area of about 12,000 km2 with the average annual flow of 12.95 billion m3, out of which 6.0 billion m3 flows in Citarum River and 6.95 billion m3 flows in the other rivers in the basin. By employing water resources infrastructures in basin the water that could be regulated is about 7.65 billion m3 per annum and the rest is wasted flows to the sea. The utilization of water by far is goes to irrigation of 6.0 billion m3 equal to 88%, and to domestics, municipalities, and industries of 800 million m3 equal to 12%. Downstream of Jatiluhur reservoir two weirs across the Citarum divert water into the three main canals: the West Tarum Canal (WTC), the East Tarum Canal (ETC), and the North Tarum Canal (NTC). The WTC and ETC tap the Citarum at Curug weir, while the NTC gets its water at Walahar weir (Figure 1).
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