DOCSLIB.ORG

Inter-Linkage Case Study of Citarum River Basin in Indonesia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Inter-Linkage Case Study of Citarum River Basin in Indonesia Inter-linkage Case Study of Citarum River Basin in Indonesia Kazuo Oki (The University of Tokyo) Background Keyword＜Food production＞ Food demand will increase by increment of population. World Population Population in South-East Asia （2010-2050） （2010-2050） 90.0 79.5 80.0 1.4 times 70.0 9.0 1.3times 56.7 60.0 8.0 7.7 50.0 20102010年 ） 7.0 (100 million) 40.0 2050年 5.9 30.0 2050 6.0 20.0 12.4 12.8 5.0 10.0 1.2times 100,million 4.0 0.0 （ 2.9 3.0 2.3 developed先進国 developing途上国 countries countries 2.0 ・ 1.0 World’s population in 2050 will become 9.1 0.0 年 年 年 年 billion, mainly due to increase in developing 2010 2050 20102010 2050 2050 2010 2050 countries South East Indonesia ・70% increment of agricultural production is Asia needed to meet future food demand. Increment of food production may give negative impacts to environment. Background Keyword＜Water・Food・Environment＞ Prediction of Global Warming Impact in Southeast Asia（IPCC） Global Warming leads significant decrease of crop production, water pollution in the downstream, inequality of water utilization, and increase of our health crisis. How peoples adapt to these problems Big social problems!! 3 Ｗe will need to propose the new river basin model in Asia (Indonesia ) that takes into consideration the balance of water, food and health in response to climate change. Objectives To discuss the new inter-linkage of Citarum river basin in Indonesia with various fields players. Field site : Citarum River Basin Indonesia Landuse Classify (%) Paddy 35 Plantation 25 Forest 23 Urban, bilt-up 12 Water 5 The Citarum River is the largest river in West Java. It is 350 km long and has a catchment area of 6000 km2 . 4 Objectives Let’s discuss together !! Speakers (1)Dr.Koki Homma (Kyoto Univ.): Crop Ｓcience (2)Dr.Keigo Noda (UTokyo): Agricultural Hydorology (3)Dr.M. Syahril Badri K (ITB): Water Ｍanagement (4)Dr.Chiho Watanabe(UTokyo): Ｈｕｍａｎ Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｙ Key Words in Citarum river basin Agriculture-Remote sensing –Water Land use, Urbanization, Sediments, Nutrients Floods, Drought, Water allocation, Lack of data, Education, Community, Climate Change, Eco Village, Health, Impact of Changing lifestyle, Chemicals, Stress, Participation Summary Ｗe will need to propose the new river basin model in Asia (Indonesia ) that takes into consideration the balance of water, food and health with various field players. Characteristics of Citarum river basin: The Citarum River is the largest river in West Java. It is 350 km long and has a catchment area of 6000 km2 . The annual mean precipitation varies from 1800 to 2800 mm/year. In this basin, 70％ of the annual precipitation falls in the rainy season, from November to March. Bandung city is located on the upper part of the river, and there are three large dams on the river (Saguling dam upstream, Cirata dam in the middle of the river and Jatiluhur dam downstream). The Citarum River is the most important river in West Java, supplying water for Bandung and Jakarta. Approximately 80% of the domestic water in Jakarta is withdrawn from the Citarum River downstream of Jatiluhur dam . In the future, climate change may have an undesirable impact on water availability in this basin. Therefore, evaluation of available water resources is quite necessary to manage water resources effectively. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • (Pb) Pollution in the River Estuaries of Jakarta Bay
    The Sustainable City IX, Vol. 2 1555 Analysis of lead (Pb) pollution in the river estuaries of Jakarta Bay M. Rumanta Universitas Terbuka, Indonesia Abstract The purpose of this study is to obtain information about the level of Pb in the sediment of the estuaries surrounding Jakarta Bay and to compare them. Samples were taken from 9 estuaries by using a grab sampler at three different location points – the left, right and the middle sides of the river. Then, samples were collected in one bottle sample and received drops of concentrated HNO3. The taking of samples was repeated three times. In addition, an in situ measurement of pH and temperature of samples was taken as proponent data. The Pb concentration of the river sediment was measured using an AAS flame in the laboratory of Balai Penelitian Tanah Bogor. Data was analyzed statistically (one way ANOVA and t-test student) by using SPSS-11.5 software. The results show that Pb concentration in the sediment of the estuaries surrounding Jakarta was quite high (20–336 µg/g). The sediment of Ciliwung River in the rainy season was the highest (336 µg/g). Pb concentration of sediment in the dry season was higher than that in the rainy season, except in Ciliwung River. It was concluded that all rivers flowing into Jakarta Bay make a significant contribution to the Pb pollution in Jakarta Bay, and the one with the largest contribution was Ciliwung River. Keywords: Pb, sediment, estuaries, dry season, rainy season, AAS flame. 1 Introduction Jakarta Bay (89 km of length) is formed as a result of the extension of Karawang Cape in the eastern region and Kait Cape in the western region into the Java Sea (Rositasari [1]).
    [Show full text]
  • Aquaculture Development for Resettlement in Indonesia
    Wat e r she d a9r0- e co logy pr og ra ms Il1tegrated tropical reservo.ir fisheries management DraY/down -Feed agri-aquaculture t -Equipment industries II :"'Ptocessing 'Rice-fish integrated farming ~......I"'f"~.~~- -- .- I-~ Wservoir Fisheries and Aquaculture Development /' for Resettlement in Indonesia Edited by Barry A. $osta-Pierce Otto Soernarwoto PERUSAHAAN UMUM LlSTRlK NEGARA JAKARTA, INDONESIA INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY, PADJADJARAN UNIVERSITY BANDUNG, INDONESIA INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR LIVING AQUATIC RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MANILA, PHILIPPINES Reservoir Fisheries and APP, ! t 1991 Aquaculture Development for Resettlement in Indonesia Edited by B.A. COSTA-PIERCE 0.SOEMARWOTO 1990 Printed in Manila, Philippines Published by Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara, Jakarta, Indonesia; Institute of Ecology, Padjadjaran University, JI. Sekeloa Selatan 1, Bandung, Indonesia; and the International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management, MC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines Costa-Pierce, B.A. and 0. Soemanvoto, Editors. 1990. Reservoir fisheries and aquaculture development for resettlement in Indonesia. ICLARM Tech. Rep. 23, 378 p. Cover: Idealized view of component fisheries, agriculture, conservation and cornmunitv industrial systems integrated to accomplish reservoir restoration and social rehabilitation of displaced persons. Artwork by Ovidio F. Espiritu, Jr. ICLARM Contribution No. 612. We dedicate all qf tfk hard work collectivefg put into thk praject, th human, natural; andspiritdenergj evenried, to th mnwry qf Dr. Ian % Smith, Director Geverd ICLWM, 1985 to 1989. We wfw have shred and been touched 6y your vision have been hrwred 6y the chrtce to meet a Brother in tfie StnggIk for D@iq ... om so dedicated to the triumph qf tfu human spirit over immense udversity.
    [Show full text]
  • Using Nemerow's Pollution Index Method for Water Quality
    Using Nemerow’s Pollution Index Method for Water Quality Assessment of Cimanuk River in West Java Ihya Sulthonuddin1, Djoko Mulyo Hartono2, Chairil Abdini Abidin Said1 {[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]} 1Environmental Science Study Program, School of Environmental Science, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia, 10340 2Environmental Engineering Study Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia, 16424 Abstract. The river water is one of the water resources that important in managing environmental sustainability, increasing economic growth, and realizing the social welfare of communities. This study aims to assess and analyze water quality of the Cimanuk river. The analyze of water quality in the Cimanuk river based on the Regulation of Governor of West Java (GWJ) Class 1, United Kingdom Technical Advisory Group (UKTAG), United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Ministry of Environmental Government Japan (MOEG), and Departement of Environmental Malaysia (DOE). Nemerow’s pollution index (NPI) method used to assess the water in the Cimanuk river from the years 2013 to 2018. River water sampling stations of the Cimanuk river are Boyongbong, Sukaregang, Tomo, and Jatibarang. Base on seven physicochemical parameters, this research found that the Cimanuk river is not meet the water quality standards with the value of TSS (81.57132.69 mg/L), BOD (8.416.53 mg/L), COD (33.9226.51 mg/L), DO (5.541.67 mg/L), and Ammonia (0.210.31 mg/L). The degradation of river water quality in the Cimanuk river indicated by increasing NPI value. NPI value of the Cimanuk river ranging from 1.04 to 7.51.
    [Show full text]
  • Minimizing the Social Impacts of Dam Construction by Otto Soemarwoto (1960S)
    Minimizing the social impacts of dam construction by Otto Soemarwoto (1960s). The main purpose of the Dams often have serious ecological and social Jatiluhur dam is to provide irriga- impacts: in the Saguling case they were indeed tion water for the lower northern very large. But the people adapted and developed plains of West Java, but it also produces electricity, provides water fisheries and were able to benefit significantly to Jakarta, and controls floods. from the project. Saguling and Cirata were built al- most exclusively for the generation of electricity. Since the dams were funded INDONESIA DEPENDS very ning process, then the environ- partly by the World Bank, an much on exporting oil for its foreign mental and social costs may well Environmental Impact Assessment currency earnings. When oil prices exceed the benefits of the dam. (EIA) was required for each dam. dropped dramatically in 1986 the The Institute of Ecology (IOE) of country suffered heavily, and so is Padjadjaran University was com- now diversifying its energy produc- The Saguling dam missioned to carry out these EIAs. tion to coal and particularly to The Saguling dam was built across Five options for the resettlement of hydro. It is clear, however, that the Citarum River, creating a reser- the people of Saguling were sug- dams can have very serious negative voir of about 6000 hectares. It is gested, one of which was fisheries social, health, and environmental located in West Java, about 30km development. impacts, and if these impacts are west of Bandung, the capital of the not identified when dams are being West Java Province.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality in Three Reservoirs on the Citarum River, Indonesia
    WATER QUALITY IN THREE RESERVOIRS ON THE CITARUM RIVER, INDONESIA Simon Sembiring * *Reseacher, Research Institute for Water Resources Development Jl. Ir. H. Juanda No. 193 Bandung – 40135, Indonesia Fax : + 62-22-2500163 ABSTRACT Three large reservoirs have been built on the Citarum River in West Java over the last two decades. Saguling (completed 1985), Cirata (1988) and Jatiluhur (1967) are the first, second and third reservoirs respectively downstream from Bandung city. Saguling and Cirata were built primarily for hydroelectric power and Jatiluhur primarily for rice irrigation. Subsequently all three are used for industrial, domestic, fisheries, recreation and transportation purposes. Jakarta city, about 130km from Jatiluhur, plans to use the water from this reservoir as its main water supply. It has been known for more than a decade that the water of all three reservoirs is polluted by inflows of domestic sewage, industrial and agricultural wastes. In addition, considerable organic pollution comes from fish farming in the reservoirs. In year 1998 Saguling had 2500 floating cage nets, Cirata 2700, Jatiluhur 720 . A number of pollutants exceed the limits of the official water quality regulation standards of the government of Indonesia, particularly dissolved oxygen, zinc and iron. This paper give some updated information about the level of pollution. Unless the sources of pollution are controlled the effects of it presently seen in macrophyte plant infestation, algal blooms, fish kills and degradation of potable and industrial water will increase. KEYWORDS: Citarum , reservoir ,Cirata, Jatiluhur,Saguling, pollution, water quality. INTRODUCTION The Citarum is one of the main rivers in Indonesia, with a length of about 315km.
    [Show full text]
  • Citarum River, Indonesia
    Citarum River, Indonesia Pollutant: Numerous chemicals including lead, cadmium, chromium, and pesticides Population Affected: 500,000+ people directly, up to 5 million people indirectly The Citarum River Basin in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia covers an area of approximately 13,000 square kilometers, coming into contact with a population of 9 million people.1 The river provides as much as 80% of surface water to Jakarta’s water supply authority, irrigates farms that supply 5% of Indonesia’s rice, and is a source of water for upwards of 2,000 factories.2 A range of contaminants are present in the river, from both industrial and domestic sources. Field investigations conducted by Blacksmith Institute, for instance found levels of lead at more than 1,000 times the USEPA standard in drinking water. A 2013 APN Science bulletin found that aluminum, manganese, and iron concentrations in the river were 97 ppb, 195 ppb, and 194 ppb, respectively. These are all significantly higher than the world averages, which are 32 ppb, 34 ppb, and 66 ppb, respectively.3 The concentrations are also well above the recommended level’s of heavy metals in drinking water set by the EPA. Manganese in drinking water, for example, has a standard of 50 ppb to minimize adverse health effects.4 Water in the Citarum River has concentrations of manganese that are nearly four times those recommended levels. Importantly the Indonesian Government is taking considerable action on the issue. As an illustration the government has negotiated a 500 million dollar multi- tranche loan package with the Asian Development Bank to support efforts to rehabilitate Citarum.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Pollution Control in Indonesia Outline
    WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN INDONESIA Conference on Watershed Management for Controling Municipal Wastewater in South East Asia 28 – 29 th of July 2016 Nagoya, Japan By: Dr. BUDI KURNIAWAN Head of Sub Directorate of Inventory and Pollution Load Allocation Directorate of Water Pollution Control, Directorate Genderal of Environmental Pollution and Degradation Control Ministry of Environment and Forestry of Indonesia OUTLINE PRESENTATION • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY IN INDONESIA • WATER QUALITY AND WATER POLLUTION SOURCES • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY AND PROGRAMME • CASE STUDY OF WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IN CITARUM WATERSHED 2 REGULATION BACKGROUND: WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Act No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Act No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, require all parties to involve in water pollution control Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control establishes the framework for implementation of water pollution control, including aspects of prevention, protection and recovery. Act No. 18 of 2003 on Solid Waste Management The most recent Act No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management was enacted on October 3-th, 2009, Article 54 (2): recovery of environmental function shall be done by: (a) discontinuation of source of pollution and cleaning of pollutant; (b) remediation; (c) rehabilitation; (d) restoration; and/or (e) other measures in accordance with scientific and technological developments. In addressing the global warming and climate change issues in
    [Show full text]
  • Water Environment Issues in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities
    1 Water Environment Issues in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities Prof. Tjandra Setiadi Centre for Environmental Studies Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) Bandung, Indonesia [email protected] 2 Presentation Outline Water Challenges and Examples of Opportunities Colalboration in Indonesia Case Studies Water Environment In Indonesia 3 Water Environment in Indonesia 4 Introduction Indonesia water resource: . 6 % of world water resource . 21% of asia pasific water resource 5 6 7 Four Water Classes (Quality) (Government Regulation No 82 Year 2001 • Class I : Best Quality designated for raw water for water supply; and include Class II till IV (BOD < 2 mg/L) • Class II : designated for water sport activities (not a direct contact) and include Class III and IV (BOD < 3 mg/L) • Class III: designated for fishery (aquaculture) and include Class IV (BOD < 6 mg/L) • Class IV : designated for irrigation (BOD < 12 mg/L) • For most of the rivers in Indonesia: intended to be Class II. 8 River Quality Monitoring 2009 (based on class II designated, MoE lab. data) Province River Name Province River Name Province River Name NAD Krueng Aceh Sulut Tondano Province River Name Province River Name Batu Gajah Deli Gorontalo Bone Banten Kali Angke Kalbar Kapuas Maluku Sumut Batu Merah Percut Sulteng Palu Jakarta Ciliwung Kalteng Kahayan Mal-Utara Tabobo Riau Kampar Tallo Jabar Citarum Kalsel Martapura Sulsel Papua Anafre Sumbar Batang Agam Kaltim Mahakam Jeneberang Jateng Progo Province River Name Jambi Batang Hari Sultra Konaweha DIY Progo Bali T. Badung Bengkulu A. Bengkulu Jatim Brantas NTT Dendeng Sumsel Musi NTB Jangkok Lampung W.Sekampung Babel Rangkui Light pollution Medium pollution Heavy pollution Light to medium pollution Medium to heavy pollution Light to heavy pollution 9 River Quality Monitoring 2009 (based on class II designated, MoE lab.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Extreme Rainfall and Flood Tendencies in Pemali-Comal River Basin, North Central Java
    The Relationship Between Extreme Rainfall and Flood Tendencies in Pemali-Comal River Basin, North Central Java By Fransisca Mulyantari and R. W. Triweko International Symposium on Ecohydrology Kuta, Bali Indonesia, 21-26 November 2005 International Symposium On Ecohydrology Kuta, Bali Indonesia 21-26 November 2005 P OCEEDINGS P.E. Hehanussa, G.S. Haryani, H. Pawitan and B. Soedjatmiko International Uydrological. Programme •' ' International Symposium On Ecohydrology Kuta, Bali Indonesia 21-26 November 2005 Proceedings P.E. Hehanussa, G.S. Haryani, H. Pawitan and B. Soedjatmiko IHP Technical Documents in Hydrology No. 4 Regional Steering Committee for Southeast Asia and the Pacific UNESCO office, Jakarta 2005 LIPI Press, Jakarta, Indonesia ©Asia Pacific Center for Ecohydrology-Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI) All rights reserved. Published 2005 ISBN: 979-3673-70-2 Cataloging-in-Publication Data International Symposium on Ecohydrology: proceeding I [edited by] P.E. Hehanussa, G.S. Haryani, H. Pawitan, B. Soedjatmiko. (Assitant Editor] Hadiid Agita Rustini vii +313 pp.; 21x29.7cm ISBN ... 979-3673-70-2 1. Hydrology-ecology 551.48 Technical editing by Ari Irawan, Agusto W.M, Sarwintyas Prahastuti. Assistant editing by Siti Kania Kushadiani and Prapti Sasiwi. Published by LI.PI .Press, member of IKAPI Jl. Gondangdia Lama 39, Menteng, Jakarta 10350 Telp. (021) 314 0228, 314 6942. Fax. (021) 314 4591 e-mail: [email protected] LIPI [email protected] [email protected]. id bmrlipi @uninet.net.id PREFACE This volume contains 46 papers presented at the International Symposium on Ecohydrology held in Bali, Indonesia, 21 - 22 November 2005. This event is organized in conjunction with four other adjoining events, the Regional Steering Committee Meeting of the IHP-UNESCO National Committees for the Asia Pacific Region, the 3rd Asia Pacific Training Workshop on Ecohydrology, AP-Friend chapter-2, and the rumual meeting of the Scientific Advisol)' Committee on Ecohydrology, all are held as parallel sessions in Bali, Indonesia, during 23-26 November 2005.
    [Show full text]
  • JICA Data Collection Survey on Water Environment Improvement Through Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment System in Jakarta
    City of Jakarta (DKI JAKARTA) Ministry of Public Works (PU) Wastewater Management Enterprize (PD PAL JAYA) JICA Data Collection Survey on Water Environment Improvement through Low-Cost Wastewater Treatment System in Jakarta Final Report October 2010 Japan International Cooperation Agency Hiroshima University Currency rate (monthly from 2006 to present) Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar 2006 USD1＝JPY 116.47 114.58 112.17 116.32 114.66 116.94 117.63 117.45 116.07 118.8 121.77 119.78 IDR1＝JPY 0.01235 0.01307 0.01219 0.01247 0.01272 0.01289 0.01279 0.0129 0.01265 0.01314 0.01338 0.01324 2007 USD1＝JPY 117.38 119.03 121.59 123 118.53 115.73 115.55 114.67 109.98 114.21 106.98 106.18 IDR1＝JPY 0.01286 0.01312 0.01381 0.01357 0.01299 0.0123 0.01266 0.01261 0.01172 0.01213 0.01159 0.01174 2008 USD1＝JPY 99.29 104.05 105.1 106.17 108.05 109.33 105.9 98.23 95.37 90.44 90.02 97.95 IDR1＝JPY 0.01079 0.01119 0.01126 0.01157 0.01185 0.01196 0.01116 0.00923 0.0076 0.00812 0.00789 0.00819 2009 USD1＝JPY 97.29 96.87 96.47 95.55 95.25 93.13 89.98 90.87 86.66 91.45 90.14 89.25 IDR1＝JPY 0.00842 0.00905 0.00914 0.0093 0.00959 0.00928 0.00925 0.00946 0.00922 0.00969 0.00969 0.00952 2010 USD1＝JPY 92.7 94.06 91.1 88.66 87.05 IDR1＝JPY 0.01022 0.01044 0.00986 0.00975 0.00969 (Source: JICA rate table) Jakarta Bay Area : 661.52 km2 32 km Located at Low lying area Crossed by 13 rivers Population 12 million South China Sea Jabodetabek Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean Jakarta Bay Jakarta Ciliwung river Cisadane river Depok Jatilihur dam Bogor Cirata dam Bandung Saguling
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia Report
    MIDCOURSE MANOEUVRES: Community strategies and remedies for natural resource conflicts in Indonesia 1 Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Land Governance in Indonesia ................................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Land Use Change ..........................................................................................................................................................................15 4. Impacts of Land Use Change ...................................................................................................................................................21 5. Land Conflicts .................................................................................................................................................................................28 6. Strategies for Seeking Remedies ...........................................................................................................................................31
    [Show full text]
  • Water Supply of Jakarta
    WATER SUPPLY OF JAKARTA Prof.Dr. Djoko M. Hartono Environmental Engineering Study Program. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia SMART ENGINEERING TOKYO 2018 UNITED NATION INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION INVESTMENT AND TECHNOLOGY PROMOTION OFFICE, TOKYO 1 Outline 1. Introduction 2. Raw Water Resources 3. Regulation 4. Water Availability Condition 5. SDGs Target 6. Conclusion 2 Raw Water Resources ● Raw water supply for drinking water in Jakarta mostly come from surface water. ● 80 % of it comes from the Citarum River, located in the East of Jakarta. ● 15 % of raw water come from Cisadane River, West Java ● Another 5 % come from smaller rivers flowing from West Java Province to the Jakarta area such as Ciliwung, Krukut and Pesanggarahan 3 Raw Water Resources ●The water comes from Citarum river is used and managed through several dams, ie. Saguling Dam, Cirata Dam and Jatiluhur Dam. ●With total catchment area for Jatiluhur Dam is 4500 ● Those dams are also used for electric power generation, river flow management, irrigation, tourism and industrial purposes. (Jatiluhur Dam) 4 West Tarum Canal and Main Rivers in Jakarta ● The average water capacity of the Citarum River distributed in the Jakarta, Bekasi and Karawang that conveys through West Tarum Canal. ●The multifunction West Tarum Canal is 70 km long and flows through several industrial and settlement areas 5 WATER Increasing Protecting Economic Public Health Development NATIONAL Poor management of the water resources has contributed ISSUES to
    [Show full text]