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Water Pollution Control in Indonesia

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Water Pollution Control in Indonesia By: Dr. Budi Kurniawan Head of Division of Infrastructure and Service Deputy For Pollution Control Ministry of Environment of Indonesia OUTLINE PRESENTATION • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY IN INDONESIA • WATER QUALITY AND WATER POLLUTION SOURCES • STATE OF PRIORITY RIVER BASIN AND WATERSHED IN INDONESIA • WATER POLLUTION CONTROL REGULATION, STRATEGY AND PROGRAMME • WHAT DO WE HAVE TO BE DONE IN THE FUTURE MAIN OBJECTIVE –MID‐TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2015‐2019 • Environment : To Improve environmental quality and sustainable development • Main Target of Environmental Protection and Managament: Indicator Baseline 2014 Target 2019 Environmental 63,0‐63,0 66,5‐68,5 Quality Index Green House Gas 15,5% 26% Emission Reduction (POLICY DIRECTION) Food, Energy and Water Security • Water Security 1. To Ensure the fullfilment of need and water quality insurance for people daily life 2. To meet water need for social and productive economic 3. To increase people resilient in lowering the risk of water hazard force including climate change Indicator Baseline 2014 Target 2019 National Capacity 51,44 m3/sec 118,6m3/sec of Drinking water source Irigation availability 11 20 from Dams MID‐TERM DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2015‐2019 Acceleration of Infrastructure Development INDICATOR BASELINE 2014 2019 Access of Appropriate 70 100 Drinking Water Appropriate Sanitation 60 100 Environmental Index Profile in Indonesia per Province (2011‐2013) Environmental Index Classification Poor Moderate Good River water Quality Monitoring Result in Indonesia, 2013 WATER QUALITY MONITORING RESULT IN 2013 (411 Sampling Points) 1,73% 0,49% 22,52% Heavy Polluted Moderate Polluted 75,25% Slighty Polluted Meet The Standard Catagory of Enterprises, (National Statistic 2012) Catagory of Enterprises 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 •Employment= 97,3% 0 •PDB = 37,81% •Water Pollution=2,3 millions ton Number Micro and Small Enterprises 52,723,470 Medium and Large Company 45,810 Water Pollution Control in 5 River Basin Priority in Indonesia (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito) MAP OF MUSI RIVER Budi Kurniawan 10 Existing and The Standard of BOD Concentration in Musi River 6 5 Pollutant Load Reduction 9,09 %, Regency of Banyuasin,55,67% Palembang City 4 3 2 1 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 Konsentrasi BOD (mg/L) Daya Tampung BOD (mg/L) BOD Observasi Budi Kurniawan 11 SEGMENTASION OF CITARUM RIVER WATER QUALITY (BOD and COD) OF CITARUM RIVER 2013 Pollution Load And TMDL in Citarum River, 2012 Percentage of Needed Segment Existing Pollution Needed Reduction Reduction Load TMDL (kg/hari) (kg/hari) (kg/hari) % Segmen 1 267.827,90 11.219,90 256.608,00 95,81 Segmen 2 44.003,52 6.861,72 37.141,80 84,41 Segmen 3 99.495,65 8.177,93 91.317,72 91,78 Segmen 4 5.175,36 1.011,05 4.164,31 80,46 Segmen 5 334.687,68 82.198,54 252.489,14 75,44 Segmen 6 5.184,00 2.695,68 2.488,32 48,00 Segmen 7 67.495,68 9.266,23 58.229,45 86,27 Segmen 8 85.536,00 14.307,84 71.228,16 83,27 Segmen 9 57.075,84 13.169,43 43.906,41 76,93 Total 966.481,63 148.908,33 817.573,31 Avarege :80,26 Water Quality Categories of Current Target Ciliwung River District Water Water Quality Quality DKI Jakarta No Class III DKI No Class II Jakarta Depok IV II Kab. Bogor IV II Kota Bogor IV II Kab. Bogor IV I 15 Existing and The Standard of BOD Concentration in Ciliwung River, 2012 Pollution Load And TMDL in Ciliwung River, 2012 Existing Pollution Needed Segment Load Contribution TMDL Reduction (kg/day) (%) (kg/day) (kg/day) Hulu (Kab.Bogor) 62 0 16 45 Kab.Bogor 1 810 2 378 432 Kota Bogor 65 0 65 0 Kab.Bogor 2 921 2 921 0 Kota Depok 6.193 13 327 5.866 Jakarta 1 21.039 45 3.587 17.453 Jakarta 2 17.280 37 1.728 15.552 Total 46.371 100 7.023 39.348 Pollution Sources in 5 River basin (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito) 1.34% 0.03% Waste Water From 1.56% Household 7.24% 0.27% Livestock Agriculture 15.54% Industry 54.69% 19.33% Hotel Hospital Solid waste Small Scale Industry Estimated Budget of Water Pollution Control Measures for in 5 River basin (Musi, Citarum, Ciliwung, Brantas, Barito) River Basin US Dollar Budget 5 years Budget 10 years Musi 101.548.253 203.096.507 Citarum 503.764.393 1.007.528.785 Ciliwung 1.101.858.982 2.203.717.964 Brantas 717.698.836 1.435.397.672 Barito 105.729.792 211.459.583 Total 2.530.600.256 5.061.200.512 9 Priority Watershed in Java Island Ciliwung Sumber: PPEJ, 2013 Evaluated Components and Method No Components Method 1. Water ‐ River Water Quality Compared to Water Quality Standard Class II ‐ Water availability Ratio demand and supplay 2. Air ‐ Ambient Air Quality Compared to ambent air quality standard ‐ Air Pollution Control Ratio vegetation cover to population 3. Land ‐ Vegetation Coverage Precentage of vegetation coverage to watershed area ‐ Lahan kritis Precentage of ctitical land to watershed area 4. Biodiversity Precentage of vegetation coverage area to protected area Evironmental Quality Index in 9 Priority Watershed in Java Citandu Citarum Ciliwung B Solo Cimanuk Brantas Progo Cisadane Serayu Watershed y 12 3456789 EQI 39.63 42.13 44.59 46.28 46.88 47.44 51.53 58.01 62.43 Catagory poor Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Good CURRENTLY APPLIED RESEARCH FOR POLICY MAKING • Development of water quality • Application of Stream based water standard including setting of quality modeling designated use, classification and • Metode of Pollution Source Inventory numerical criteria Point source • Development of water pollution and Non point source quality index • Development of effluent standard • Development of Total Maximum Daily from various sources Load (TMLD) • Development of WWTP Technology Implementation of TMDL for for domestic source and small scale Effluent Discharge Permit enterprises Implementation of TMDL for • Economic valuation for water spatial management pollution consideration Implementation of TMDL for water pollution control policy REGULATION BACKGROUND: WATER POLLUTION CONTROL Act No. 23 of 1997 on Environmental Management, Act No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, require all parties to involve in water pollution control Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Water Pollution Control establishes the framework for implementation of water pollution control, including aspects of prevention, protection and recovery. Act No. 18 of 2003 on Solid Waste Management The most recent Act No. 32 of 2009 on Environmental Protection and Management was enacted on October 3-th, 2009, Article 54 (2): recovery of environmental function shall be done by: (a) discontinuation of source of pollution and cleaning of pollutant; (b) remediation; (c) rehabilitation; (d) restoration; and/or (e) other measures in accordance with scientific and technological developments. In addressing the global warming and climate change issues in Indonesia, Article 57 (4) of the Act mandate the preservation of atmosphere function shall cover: (a) mitigation and adaptation to climate change; (b) protection of ozone layer; (c) protection against acid rain. MOE Decree for Effluent Standard of various sources: Concentration and Maximum Load Permit System: Effluent Standard Concentration and Maximum Load 26 PROGRAMS: PROPER, PROKASIH, CO-BENEFIT APPROACH, ADIPURA AND OTHER COMPLIANCE AND ENFORCEMEN MECHANISM PROPER (Program for Pollution Evaluation and Performance Rating): Scheme: Disclosure Compliance Improvement Target: Point Source (Corporate), Listed on Stock Exchange, Export Product Oriented, Significant Impact to the Environment Aspect: Water & Air Pollution Control, Hazardous Waste Mgt. INTENSIVE MONITORING & PROKASIH (CLEAN INSPECTION: Scheme: RIVER PROGRAM) Compliance Scheme: Compliance Improvement & PROGRAM FOR Improvement and Emission Load Reduction COMPLIANCE Emission Load Target: Reduction IMPROVEMENT Subject (Institutional Target: Institutional Source) AND EMISSION LOAD Source, Small & not covered by REDUCTION PROPER Medium Scale and PROKASIH Enterprises, Aspect: Water & Air Domestic Waste. Pollution “CO‐BENEFIT APPROACH Emission Load Reduction and GHG Mitigation 27 PROPER ASPECTS RATING APPROACH WATER POLLUTION MARINE & COASTAL POLLUTION BLACK AIR POLLUTION End of Pipe HAZARDOUSE WASTE MGT RED EIA BLUE Env. Mgt System GREEN Eco Efficiency Natural Resources Efficiency (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle & Recovery) Community Development GOLD 28 PROKASIH=CLEAN RIVER PROGRAM AN INTEGRATED WATER POLLUTION CONTROL TO REDUCE EMISSION LOAD EMISSION LOAD REDUCTION FROM VARIOUS SOURCES Strengthening the AN INTEGRATED local government EMISSION LOAD WATER POLLUTION capacities in water REDUCTION PROKASIH CONTROL pollution control OVER PERIOD MECHANISM OF TIME Improvement of stakeholders participation in water pollution control INCENTIVE & DISINCENTIVE29 Policy Tools POLICY TOOLS Command & Control Public Service Facility Guidance / Technical Assistance Effluent Standard Public Toilet & Tecnical Gudelines Sewerage EIA, Economic Instrument Treatment Plant Dissemination Permit SewerageTreatment Technical System Assistance Compliance Supervision, Model Solid waste management Law Enforcement 30 WHAT DO WE HAVE TO BE DONE? 1.FORMULATION OF NATIONAL POLICY AND PROGRAMME IN RIVER RESTORATION 2.DEVELOPMENT OF CRITERIA, STANDARD INFORMATION SYSTEM AND TECHNICAL GUIDANCE IN RIVER RESTORATION Criteria of quick wins : •Measureable progress in short/medium term •“Real effect” according to public perception Proposed quick wins : 1.River clean‐up integrated program 2.River/watershed ecosystem
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