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Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt. -
Pakistan: Arrival and Departure
01-2180-2 CH 01:0545-1 10/13/11 10:47 AM Page 1 stephen p. cohen 1 Pakistan: Arrival and Departure How did Pakistan arrive at its present juncture? Pakistan was originally intended by its great leader, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, to transform the lives of British Indian Muslims by providing them a homeland sheltered from Hindu oppression. It did so for some, although they amounted to less than half of the Indian subcontinent’s total number of Muslims. The north Indian Muslim middle class that spearheaded the Pakistan movement found itself united with many Muslims who had been less than enthusiastic about forming Pak- istan, and some were hostile to the idea of an explicitly Islamic state. Pakistan was created on August 14, 1947, but in a decade self-styled field marshal Ayub Khan had replaced its shaky democratic political order with military-guided democracy, a market-oriented economy, and little effective investment in welfare or education. The Ayub experiment faltered, in part because of an unsuccessful war with India in 1965, and Ayub was replaced by another general, Yahya Khan, who could not manage the growing chaos. East Pakistan went into revolt, and with India’s assistance, the old Pakistan was bro- ken up with the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. The second attempt to transform Pakistan was short-lived. It was led by the charismatic Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who simultaneously tried to gain control over the military, diversify Pakistan’s foreign and security policy, build a nuclear weapon, and introduce an economic order based on both Islam and socialism. -
Book Pakistanonedge.Pdf
Pakistan Project Report April 2013 Pakistan on the Edge Copyright © Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses, 2013 Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses No.1, Development Enclave, Rao Tula Ram Marg, Delhi Cantt., New Delhi - 110 010 Tel. (91-11) 2671-7983 Fax.(91-11) 2615 4191 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.idsa.in ISBN: 978-93-82512-02-8 First Published: April 2013 Cover shows Data Ganj Baksh, popularly known as Data Durbar, a Sufi shrine in Lahore. It is the tomb of Syed Abul Hassan Bin Usman Bin Ali Al-Hajweri. The shrine was attacked by radical elements in July 2010. The photograph was taken in August 2010. Courtesy: Smruti S Pattanaik. Disclaimer: The views expressed in this Report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Institute or the Government of India. Published by: Magnum Books Pvt Ltd Registered Office: C-27-B, Gangotri Enclave Alaknanda, New Delhi-110 019 Tel.: +91-11-42143062, +91-9811097054 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.magnumbooks.org All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, sorted in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo-copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses (IDSA). Contents Preface 5 Abbreviations 7 Introduction 9 Chapter 1 Political Scenario: The Emerging Trends Amit Julka, Ashok K. Behuria and Sushant Sareen 13 Chapter 2 Provinces: A Strained Federation Sushant Sareen and Ashok K. Behuria 29 Chapter 3 Militant Groups in Pakistan: New Coalition, Old Politics Amit Julka and Shamshad Ahmad Khan 41 Chapter 4 Continuing Religious Radicalism and Ever Widening Sectarian Divide P. -
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol. 58, No 2 (April-June 2021) Ulfat Zahra Javed Iqbal Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the Beginning of Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan 1971-1977 Abstract: This paper mainly explores the genesis of power politics in Pakistan during 1971-1977. The era witnessed political disorders that the country had experienced after the tragic event of the separation of East Pakistan. Bhutto’s desire for absolute power and his efforts to introduce a system that would make him the main force in power alienated both, the opposition and his colleagues and supporters. Instead of a democratic stance on competitive policies, he adopted an authoritarian style and confronted the National People's Party, leading to an era characterized by power politics and personality clashes between the stalwarts of the time. This mutual distrust between Bhutto and the opposition - led to a coalition of diverse political groups in the opposition, forming alliances such as the United Democratic Front and the Pakistan National Alliance to counter Bhutto's attempts of establishing a sort of civilian dictatorship. This study attempts to highlight the main theoretical and political implications of power politics between the ruling PPP and the opposition parties which left behind deep imprints on the history of Pakistan leading to the imposition of martial law in 1977. If the political parties tackle the situation with harmony, a firm democracy can establish in Pakistan. Keywords: Pakhtun Students Federation, Dehi Mohafiz, Shahbaz (Newspaper), Federal Security Force. Introduction The loss of East Pakistan had caused great demoralization in the country. -
Pakistan's 2008 Elections
Pakistan’s 2008 Elections: Results and Implications for U.S. Policy name redacted Specialist in South Asian Affairs April 9, 2008 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL34449 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Pakistan’s 2008 Elections: Results and Implications for U.S. Policy Summary A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. Pakistan is a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. The history of democracy in Pakistan is a troubled one marked by ongoing tripartite power struggles among presidents, prime ministers, and army chiefs. Military regimes have ruled Pakistan directly for 34 of the country’s 60 years in existence, and most observers agree that Pakistan has no sustained history of effective constitutionalism or parliamentary democracy. In 1999, the democratically elected government of then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was ousted in a bloodless coup led by then-Army Chief Gen. Pervez Musharraf, who later assumed the title of president. In 2002, Supreme Court-ordered parliamentary elections—identified as flawed by opposition parties and international observers—seated a new civilian government, but it remained weak, and Musharraf retained the position as army chief until his November 2007 retirement. In October 2007, Pakistan’s Electoral College reelected Musharraf to a new five-year term in a controversial vote that many called unconstitutional. The Bush Administration urged restoration of full civilian rule in Islamabad and called for the February 2008 national polls to be free, fair, and transparent. U.S. criticism sharpened after President Musharraf’s November 2007 suspension of the Constitution and imposition of emergency rule (nominally lifted six weeks later), and the December 2007 assassination of former Prime Minister and leading opposition figure Benazir Bhutto. -
Kyber Pakhtoon Khawa
Implementation Status of the Prime Minister Directive Under People's Works Program-II Executing Agency Pakistan Public Works Department 2012-13 Approved Directive/Schemes Funds Approve Date of d in Name of MNA Dirctive Cost % age of S.No Directive DDWP Amount Funds Funds Month Issued Schemes Date Directives In Million Released Utilized Implemted Schemes Implemented Consity No Distt:/ Implemented Directive Serial No. Concerned Division No of Directive Schemes partially No.Of Schemes Schemes Under Process 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2012-13 Kyber Pakhtoon Khawa Peopel's Works Programme-II C:\Users\Ibrahim\Downloads\Detail for Beneficiaries.xls 1 ﻦﻣﺤﺭﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ 2012-13 Approved Directive/Schemes Funds Approve Date of d in Name of MNA Dirctive Cost % age of S.No Directive DDWP Amount Funds Funds Month Issued Schemes Date Directives In Million Released Utilized Implemted Schemes Implemented Consity No Distt:/ Implemented Directive Serial No. Concerned Division No of Directive No.Of Schemes Schemes partially Schemes Under Process Sep 11.09.12 26.11.12 363 Dr.Arbab Alamgir Khan NA- 2 1 50.000 1 17 50.000 9 8 53 % 50.000 44.869 Nov 27.11.12 4.1.13 741 Noor Alam Khan NA- 3 1 50.000 1 10 50.000 7 3 - 50.000 Oct 17.10.12 12.11.12 NA- 45 CCD-III, 1 50.000 1 5 50.000 5 - 590 Muhammad Noor Ul Haq Peshawar Total (CCD-III, Peshawar) 3 150.000 3 32 150.000 9 15 8 100.000 44.869 Peopel's Works Programme-II C:\Users\Ibrahim\Downloads\Detail for Beneficiaries.xls 2 ﻦﻣﺤﺭﻟﺍﺪﺒﻋ 2012-13 Approved Directive/Schemes Funds Approve Date of d in Name of MNA Dirctive Cost % age of S.No Directive DDWP Amount Funds Funds Month Issued Schemes Date Directives In Million Released Utilized Implemted Schemes Implemented Consity No Distt:/ Implemented Directive Serial No. -
Understanding External Policy Influences in Pakistani Higher Education
Understanding External Policy Influences in Pakistani Higher Education by Aamir Taiyeb A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Leadership, Higher and Adult Education (LHAE) Ontario Institute for Studies in Education (OISE) University of Toronto © Copyright by Aamir Taiyeb 2019 Understanding External Policy Influences in Pakistani Higher Education Aamir Taiyeb Doctor of Philosophy Leadership, Higher and Adult Education University of Toronto 2019 Abstract Pakistan, the sixth most populous nation in the world, faces complex and multifaceted challenges as it seeks to achieve middle-income country status in the 21st century. To achieve this objective, Pakistan must address the quality, access and governance issues facing its higher education (HE) sector. With barely 1 in 10 Pakistanis being able to access tertiary-level studies, external agencies have stepped in to assist the Pakistani HE sector meets its development needs. Despite several decades of involvement, and hundreds of millions of dollars spent by international donors and aid agencies, little has been achieved. This dissertation examines the nature and extent of participation by international actors in Pakistan’s HE sector. The study explores the underlying dynamics between the external and the internal in the context of the sector, and seeks to identify points of convergence and divergence in terms of a preferred future. The central research question motivating the study is: How have external actors influenced Pakistan’s HE system, and in particular, its governance? To answer this question, 43 qualitative research interviews were conducted over 5 months in 3 large urban centres in Pakistan (Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad) with senior governors active in the Pakistani HE sector including representatives of Pakistani government agencies, international organizations and HE institutional leaders. -
Election Commission of Pakistan
ELECTION COMMISSION OF PAKISTAN NOTIFICATION Islamabad the 5th June, 2013 No.F.2(41)/2013-Cord.- In pursuance of the provisions of sub-section (3A) and sub-section (4) of Section 42 of the Representation of the People Act, 1976 (Act No. LXXXV of 1976), the Election Commission of Pakistan hereby publishes the names of candidates returned to the Provincial Assembly of the Punjab from the constituencies mentioned below against the name of each candidate: Sl. Names of the No. of Total No. Total votes Name of the No Contesting valid votes of rejected polled in the candidate Candidates secured by the votes constituency declared Constesting elected with candidates Party Affiliation 1 2 3 4 5 6 PP-1 RAWALPINDI-I 1 Shakeel Ahmed Papa 6900 2 Raja Khurram Zaman 347 3 Sardar Muhammad Saleem Khan 23364 4 Nazeer Ahmed Abbasi 516 5 Raja Ashfaq Sarwar 50982 Raja Ashfaq Sarwar (Pakistan Muslim League (N)) 6 Raja Shehzad Nemat Satti 7926 7 Javed Iqbal Satti 21435 8 Engineer Muhammad Zakir 125 9 Muhammad Ishtiaq Abbasi 13579 10 Nasir Abbasi 30 11 Sajjad Ahmed Abbasi 6201 12 Muhammad Mubarik Abbasi 89 13 Muhammad Muneeb Satti 55 14 Muhammad Ilyas 124 15 Arslan Ayaz 204 Total 131877 4739 136616 PP-2 RAWALPINDI-II 1 Lieutenant Col.(R) Muhmmad 15868 Shabbir Awan 2 Raja Sagheer Ahmed 38706 3 Raja Tariq Mehmood 1047 4 Raja Muhammad Ali 43335 Raja Muhammad Ali (Pakistan Muslim League (N)) 5 Ibrar Hussain Abbasi 1760 6 Shoaib Sadiq Kayani 38 7 Tariq Mehmood Murtaza 13233 8 Shakeel Hussain Satti 106 9 Tanveer Hussain Shah Advocate 57 10 Waseem Akthar Raja 78 11 Raja Moeed Shehzad 149 Total 114377 3911 118288 PP-3 RAWALPINDI-III 1 Ameer Qabal Hussain 928 2 Muhammad Ikraam 271 3 Mirza Muhammad Bashir 755 4 Raja Muhammad Zameer 490 5 Iftikhar Ahmed 58916 Iftikhar Ahmed (Pakistan Muslim League (N)) 6 Imran Qamar 97 7 Raja Muhammad Tariq Kayani 22700 8 Raja Altaf Hussain 2590 9 Zafar Mehmood Chaudry 329 10 Ch. -
Nascent Democracy of Pakistan (1988-1990)
Nascent Democracy of Pakistan (1988-1990) Syed Tahir Hussain Bukhari Abdul Basit Mujahid Syed Akmal Hussain Shah Muhammad Azeem Pakistan was going through a very crucial period in the context of the August 17, 1988 incident in which President General Zia ul Haq along with American Ambassador and top brass military officers like General Akhtar Abdul Rahman and Brigadier Sidiq Salik were blown to ashes. The nation was in turmoil and the role of Acting President Ghulam Ishaq Khan new COAS General Aslam Baig Mirza was vital. In that context the leadership in power decided to announce Party based elections. The Elections 1988 were held under uncertain conditions. They had certain unique features also. The assurances from President Ghulam Ishaq Khan and Gen. Aslam Beg about holding elections in time and pledge of caretaker governments for impartial and just elections were praiseworthy. Different political parties, political alliances and independent candidates were participating in elections. The Army, judiciary, and caretaker governments remained impartial which enhanced the level of political maturity and public interest. The elections of 1988 were contested under the politics of electoral alliances. The formation of electoral alliances at the time of elections is a routine matter in the culture of multi party system. The political organizations at different levels become active to prove their utility. Different political parties cooperate with each other; the small parties get benefit from alliances. They easily get support for their candidates and their interests are safeguarded. Many electoral alliances were established at the eve of October 1988 election.1 i.e Islami Jamhoori Ittehad (IJI), Pakistan Awami Ittehad, (PAI) Democratic Front, NPP (Khar group) with Jamiat Ahli-i-Sunnat adjustment, confidential seat adjustment between PPP and JUI(F), Awami National Party, Sindhi Baloch Pakhtoon Front, Balochistan National Alliance, Punjabi Pakhtoon Ittehad. -
December 16-31, 2019 October 01-15, 2020
December 16-31, 2019 October 01-15, 2020 SeSe 1 Table of Contents 1: October 01, 2020………………………………….……………………….…03 2: October 02, 2020………………………………….……………………….....06 3: October 03, 2020…………………………………………………………......10 4: October 04, 2020………………………………………………...…................13 5: October 05, 2020………………………………………………..…..........….. 14 6: October 06, 2020………………………………………………………….…..22 7: October 07, 2020………………………………………………………………25 8: October 08, 2020……………………………………….………………….......31 9: October 09, 2020……………………………………………...……………….35 10: October 10, 2020…………………………………………………….............39 11: October 11, 2020………………………………………………………….….42 12: October 12, 2020……………………………………………………………. 44 13: October 13, 2020…………………………………………………………..…47 14: October 14, 2020………………………………………………………..….....51 15: October 15, 2020……………………………………………….………..…... 57 Data collected and compiled by Rabeeha Safdar, Mahnoor Raza, Anosh and Muqaddas Sanaullah Disclaimer: PICS reproduce the original text, facts and figures as appear in the newspapers and is not responsible for its accuracy. 2 October 01, 2020 Daily Times China-Pakistan journey of friendship 1951 The two countries establish diplomatic relations 1955 Visit of Vice President Madam Song Ching Ling to Pakistan 1956 Visit of Prime Minister HS Suhrawardy to China 1963 Visit of Foreign Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto to China 1963 Pakistan and China concludes boundary agreement 1964 PIA starts flights to Beijing, becoming the first non-communist country airline to fly from Beijing 1965 Agreement on Cultural Cooperation signed 1970 Pakistan -
PRINT CULTURE and LEFT-WING RADICALISM in LAHORE, PAKISTAN, C.1947-1971
PRINT CULTURE AND LEFT-WING RADICALISM IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN, c.1947-1971 Irfan Waheed Usmani (M.Phil, History, University of Punjab, Lahore) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY SOUTH ASIAN STUDIES PROGRAMME NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is my original work and it has been written by me in its entirety. I have duly acknowledged all the sources of information which have been used in the thesis. This thesis has also not been submitted for any degree in any university previously. _________________________________ Irfan Waheed Usmani 21 August 2015 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First I would like to thank God Almighty for enabling me to pursue my higher education and enabling me to finish this project. At the very outset I would like to express deepest gratitude and thanks to my supervisor, Dr. Gyanesh Kudaisya, who provided constant support and guidance to this doctoral project. His depth of knowledge on history and related concepts guided me in appropriate direction. His interventions were both timely and meaningful, contributing towards my own understanding of interrelated issues and the subject on one hand, and on the other hand, injecting my doctoral journey with immense vigour and spirit. Without his valuable guidance, support, understanding approach, wisdom and encouragement this thesis would not have been possible. His role as a guide has brought real improvements in my approach as researcher and I cannot measure his contributions in words. I must acknowledge that I owe all the responsibility of gaps and mistakes in my work. I am thankful to his wife Prof. -
NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECRETARIAT ———— “QUESTIONS for ORAL ANSWERS and THEIR REPLIES” to Be Asked A
1 (35th Session) NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SECRETARIAT ———— “QUESTIONS FOR ORAL ANSWERS AND THEIR REPLIES” to be asked at a sitting of the National Assembly to be held on Friday, the 9th September, 2016 157. *Ms. Suraiya Jatoi: (Deferred during 30th Session) Will the Minister In-charge of the Capital Administrations and Development Division be pleased to state the steps taken by the Government to improve health facilities in Islamabad? Minister Incharge of the Capital Administrations and Development Division: FGPC It is stated that:— Presently Government has taken initiatives with the name of Health Reforms in Islamabad Capital Territory to up-grade the health care services in Islamabad. The following steps are under process as the decisions made in a meeting held at Prime Minister office for Health reforms: (a) To make effective and ensure the availability of doctors in BHU’s keeping in view of shortage of Doctors in ICT Health Department, FGPC is advised to depute doctors in the 13 BHU’s of ICT Health Department till the time ICT recruits its own medical officers. Now the Doctors have been provided by the FGPC. (b) The PGs attached with BHUs and MCHs will be given a special diploma/ certificate of training on completion of their terms. 2 (c) No hospital building will be built by PWD; all new health facilities will be built on a turnkey basis; payments will be made to contractors on the basis of time-lined physical performance indicators built into the contract; third party consultants will be purpose; penalties will be imposed on the timelines; criteria for prequalification will be submitted by PIMS and Polyclinic for Prime Minister’s approval.