SENATE of PAKISTAN DAILY JOURNAL (272 Session) Date And
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Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt. -
Pakistan: Arrival and Departure
01-2180-2 CH 01:0545-1 10/13/11 10:47 AM Page 1 stephen p. cohen 1 Pakistan: Arrival and Departure How did Pakistan arrive at its present juncture? Pakistan was originally intended by its great leader, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, to transform the lives of British Indian Muslims by providing them a homeland sheltered from Hindu oppression. It did so for some, although they amounted to less than half of the Indian subcontinent’s total number of Muslims. The north Indian Muslim middle class that spearheaded the Pakistan movement found itself united with many Muslims who had been less than enthusiastic about forming Pak- istan, and some were hostile to the idea of an explicitly Islamic state. Pakistan was created on August 14, 1947, but in a decade self-styled field marshal Ayub Khan had replaced its shaky democratic political order with military-guided democracy, a market-oriented economy, and little effective investment in welfare or education. The Ayub experiment faltered, in part because of an unsuccessful war with India in 1965, and Ayub was replaced by another general, Yahya Khan, who could not manage the growing chaos. East Pakistan went into revolt, and with India’s assistance, the old Pakistan was bro- ken up with the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. The second attempt to transform Pakistan was short-lived. It was led by the charismatic Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who simultaneously tried to gain control over the military, diversify Pakistan’s foreign and security policy, build a nuclear weapon, and introduce an economic order based on both Islam and socialism. -
Pakistan's 2008 Elections
Pakistan’s 2008 Elections: Results and Implications for U.S. Policy name redacted Specialist in South Asian Affairs April 9, 2008 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL34449 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Pakistan’s 2008 Elections: Results and Implications for U.S. Policy Summary A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. Pakistan is a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. The history of democracy in Pakistan is a troubled one marked by ongoing tripartite power struggles among presidents, prime ministers, and army chiefs. Military regimes have ruled Pakistan directly for 34 of the country’s 60 years in existence, and most observers agree that Pakistan has no sustained history of effective constitutionalism or parliamentary democracy. In 1999, the democratically elected government of then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was ousted in a bloodless coup led by then-Army Chief Gen. Pervez Musharraf, who later assumed the title of president. In 2002, Supreme Court-ordered parliamentary elections—identified as flawed by opposition parties and international observers—seated a new civilian government, but it remained weak, and Musharraf retained the position as army chief until his November 2007 retirement. In October 2007, Pakistan’s Electoral College reelected Musharraf to a new five-year term in a controversial vote that many called unconstitutional. The Bush Administration urged restoration of full civilian rule in Islamabad and called for the February 2008 national polls to be free, fair, and transparent. U.S. criticism sharpened after President Musharraf’s November 2007 suspension of the Constitution and imposition of emergency rule (nominally lifted six weeks later), and the December 2007 assassination of former Prime Minister and leading opposition figure Benazir Bhutto. -
Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts
Honour Killing in Sindh Men's and Women's Divergent Accounts Shahnaz Begum Laghari PhD University of York Women’s Studies March 2016 Abstract The aim of this project is to investigate the phenomenon of honour-related violence, the most extreme form of which is honour killing. The research was conducted in Sindh (one of the four provinces of Pakistan). The main research question is, ‘Are these killings for honour?’ This study was inspired by a need to investigate whether the practice of honour killing in Sindh is still guided by the norm of honour or whether other elements have come to the fore. It is comprised of the experiences of those involved in honour killings through informal, semi- structured, open-ended, in-depth interviews, conducted under the framework of the qualitative method. The aim of my thesis is to apply a feminist perspective in interpreting the data to explore the tradition of honour killing and to let the versions of the affected people be heard. In my research, the women who are accused as karis, having very little redress, are uncertain about their lives; they speak and reveal the motives behind the allegations and killings in the name of honour. The male killers, whom I met inside and outside the jails, justify their act of killing in the name of honour, culture, tradition and religion. Drawing upon interviews with thirteen women and thirteen men, I explore and interpret the data to reveal their childhood, educational, financial and social conditions and the impacts of these on their lives, thoughts and actions. -
Pakistan Is a Divided Nation Those Who Wish to Help Pakistan Survive and Emerge As a Modern Today And, As Democratic Muslim State
© 2009 Institute for Social Policy and Understanding All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding. The Institute for Social Policy and Understanding normally does not take institutional positions on public policy issues. The views presented here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute, its staff, or trustees. ABOUT THE AUTHOR H A SS A N A BB A S , ISPU F ELLOW Dr. Hassan Abbas is a Fellow at the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding (ISPU). He is also a Research Fellow at the Belfer Center’s Project on Managing the Atom and International Security Program at Harvard University. His research interests are Pakistan’s nuclear program and the Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan controversy; religious extremism in South and Central Asia, and “Islam and the West.” He received his Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. He has an LL.M. in International Law from Nottingham University, UK, where he was a Britannia Chevening Scholar (1999). He also remained a visiting fellow at the Islamic Legal Studies Program at Harvard Law School (2002–2003) and later continued at the Program on Negotiation at HLS as a visiting scholar (2003–2004). He is a former Pakistani government official who served in the administrations of Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto (1995–1996) and President Pervez Musharraf (1999– 2000). His latest book, Pakistan’s Drift into Extremism: Allah, the Army and America’s War on Terror (M.E. -
The Pakistani Lawyers' Movement and the Popular
NOTES THE PAKISTANI LAWYERS’ MOVEMENT AND THE POPULAR CURRENCY OF JUDICIAL POWER “I support the lawyers,” said the Pakistani farmer on the train from Lahore, “because if Musharraf can do whatever he wants to this man, the Chief Justice of Pakistan, then none of us is safe.”1 It was the summer of 2008, and for several months Pakistani lawyers had been leading protests seeking the restoration to office of sixty-plus superior court judges,2 including Chief Justice Iftikhar Mohammad Chaudhry, who had been suspended by President Pervez Musharraf.3 The farm- er’s response to questions about his thoughts on the protests was typi- cal of Pakistanis at the time in its clear-headed articulation of the symbolic importance of the lawyers’ struggle and in its implicit under- standing of the central function of an independent judiciary. Indeed, the Chief Justice was the closest to a personal embodiment of “the law” that one could find in Pakistan. If even he served at the pleasure of a dictator — so the story went —the capacity of the law to constrain this dictator and protect ordinary Pakistanis was perilously weak. In March 2007, Chaudhry refused the urging of five generals to re- sign and was removed by Musharraf. Two years later, with Musharraf in exile and a civilian government in power, nationwide protests re- turned Chaudhry to his position atop the nation’s highest court.4 Af- ter twenty-four months of struggle, the lawyers’ movement thus ended with an improbable victory. Moreover, in a nation where the courts historically have followed the dictates of the military and allowed for the repeated subversion of the country’s constitutions,5 the restoration ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– 1 Interview with Pakistani farmer, on train from Lahore, Pak. -
OSAMA SIDDIQUE E-Mail: [email protected] Phone: 92-300-4022815 Weblink: Mia.Edu/Drosamasiddique
DR. OSAMA SIDDIQUE E-Mail: [email protected] Phone: 92-300-4022815 Weblink: https://independent.acade mia.edu/DrOsamaSiddique Education Harvard Law School – S.J.D (Doctor of Juridical Science) (2008 - 2011) Awards & Distinctions: Distinction – Orals Examination – 2009 Full Study Grant from the Graduate Program and the Islamic Legal Studies Program – 2008 - 2011 Study Grant for Field Work from the South Asia Institute at Harvard University – 2009 Harvard Law School – LL.M (Master of Law) (1997) Awards & Distinctions: Admitted to the S.J.D Program – 1998 (Did not take up the offer) Travel Grant for Field Work from the Islamic Legal Studies Program – 1997 - 1998 University of Oxford – B.A (Hons) Jurisprudence (1996), M.A (1998) Awards & Distinctions: Full Bursary by the Cambridge Common Wealth Trust to study at Peterhouse College, University of Cambridge. (1996) President – Oxford University Law Faculty Joint Consultative Committee (OULFJCC) – 1995 Rhodes Internship Award to intern at Center for Socio-Legal Studies, Durban, South Africa – 1993 Rhodes Scholar for Pakistan - 1992 Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) – M.B.A (1993) Awards & Distinctions: Graduated in top 1/3rd of the Class Government College, Lahore – B.A (1990) Awards & Distinctions: Graduated among the top three candidates in the Punjab province Joint Editor of the College Magazine ‘The Ravi’ – 1988-1990 President of the College Debating Team - 1990 Member of the College Tennis Team – 1988 -1990 1 Silver Pen Award for winning Seven All-Pakistan Inter-Collegiate -
Rulings of the Chair (1999-2017)
1037(18)NA. On PC-9 By Shoaib.M NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF PAKISTAN RULINGS OF THE CHAIR 1999-2017 i Copyright: © 2017 by National Assembly Secretariat, Islamabad. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any mean, or stored in data base or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher. Title: Rulings of the Chair Compiled, emended Muhammad Saleem Khan & edited by: Deputy Secretary (Legislation) Abdul Majeed Senior Official Reporter (English) Composing & Designing Layout Javed Ahamad Data Processing Assistant Copies: 500 Printed: Pakistan Printing ii PREFACE Rulings, decisions and observations made by the Chair from time to time on different issues play important role in the parliamentary history. They set precedent which gives guidance to subsequent Speakers, members and officers. The instant publication “Rulings of the Chair” consists of decisions taken by the Chair extracted and compiled from the printed debates of the National Assembly for the years 1999-2017.These decisions either involve an interpretation of rule or conduct or any new situation, seeking clarification or ruling of the Chair. Previous compilation “Decisions of the Chair” covers decisions/rulings of the Chair from 1947-1999. For the facility of the reader and to locate the Rulings subject-wise and for ready reference a table of contents and an exhaustive index has been added to the said publication. We are deeply indebted to honourable Sardar Ayaz Sadiq, Speaker, National Assembly, Secretary, Ministry of Law and Justice, Mr. Karamat Hussain Niazi, Special Secretary, Mr. Qamar Sohail Lodhi and Mr. Muhammad Mushtaq Additional Secretary(Legislation) National Assembly Secretariat, who took personal interest in the accomplishment of this difficult task. -
The Future of Pakistan
FOREIGN POLICY at Brookings The Future of Pakistan Stephen P. Cohen South Asia Initiative THE FUTURE OF PAKISTAN Stephen P. Cohen The Brookings Institution Washington, D.C. January 2011 1 ABOUT THE AUTHOR Stephen P. Cohen is a senior fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings. He came to Brookings in 1998 after a long career as professor of political science and history at the University of Illinois. Dr. Cohen previously served as scholar-in-residence at the Ford Foundation in New Delhi and as a member of the Policy Planning Staff of the U.S. State Department. He has also taught at universities in India, Japan and Singapore. He is currently a member of the National Academy of Science’s Committee on International Security and Arms Control. Dr. Cohen is the author or editor of more than eleven books, focusing primarily on South Asian security issues. His most recent book, Arming without Aiming: India modernizes its Military (co- authored with Sunil Das Gupta, 2010), focuses on India’s military expansion. Dr. Cohen received Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees at the University of Chicago, and a PhD from the University of Wisconsin. EDITOR’S NOTE This essay and accompanying papers are also available at http://www.brookings.edu/papers/2010/09_bellagio_conference_papers.aspx 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE………………………………………………………………………….. 1 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………….3 PAKISTAN TO 2011………………………………………………………………. 5 FOUR CLUSTERS I: Demography, Education, Class, and Economics………………………….. 16 II: Pakistan’s Identity……………………………………………………….. 23 III: State Coherence………………………………………………………… 27 IV: External and Global Factors…………………………………………...... 34 SCENARIOS AND OUTCOMES…………………………………………………. 43 CONCLUSIONS…………………………………………………………………… 50 SIX WARNING SIGNS……………………………………………………………. 51 POLICY: BETWEEN HOPE AND DESPAIR……………………………………. -
Waiting for Allah Pakistan's Struggle for Democracy Christina Lamb
WAITING FOR ALLAH PAKISTAN’S STRUGGLE FOR DEMOCRACY CHRISTINA LAMB Reproduced By Sani H. Panhwar Member Sindh Council, PPP CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 MAPS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 CHRONOLOGY .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 INTRODUCTION .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 1. INVENTING A COUNTRY .. .. .. .. .. 18 2. GANGSTERS IN BANGLES’ COME TO ISLAMABAD .. 33 Benazir Bhutto’s inheritance 3. TICKETS TO THE MASKED BALL .. .. .. .. 44 Democracy — Pakistan style 4. THE SUPERPATRONAGE ROADSHOW .. .. .. 56 Feudal politics 5. A SUBCONTINENTAL DYNASTY .. .. .. .. 69 The White Queen and the Evil Dictator 6. ‘BUT MINISTER ...’ .. .. .. .. .. .. 85 Who rules Pakistan? 7. SINDH - LAND OF ROBIN HOODS AND WARRIOR SAINTS 103 8. DIAL-A-KALASIINIKOV .. .. .. .. .. 120 Of ethnic violence and identity problems in Karachi and Hyderabad 9. PROPHETS AND LOSSES .. .. .. .. .. 144 The immoral economy 10. THE GREAT GAME REVISITED .. .. .. .. .. 163 Of blood feuds and tribal wars 11. ‘RESISTANCE TOURS LTD’ .. .. .. .. .. 179 Afghanistan — the war on the borders 12. SQUANDERING VICTORY .. .. .. .. .. 199 Fighting to the last Afghan for a dead man’s dream 13. IN THE NAME OF THE CRESCENT .. .. .. .. 223 India — the dragon on the doorstep 14. THE EMPIRE STRIKES BACK .. .. .. .. .. 238 GLOSSARY .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 256 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY .. .. .. .. .. .. 258 An Elusive Dawn This trembling light, this nightbitten dawn This is not the Dawn we waited for so long This is not the Dawn whose birth was sired By so many lives, so much blood Generations ago we started our confident march, Our hopes were young, our goal within reach After all there must be some limit To the confusing constellation of stars In the vast forest of the sky Even the lazy languid waves Must reach at last their appointed shore And so we wistfully prayed For a consummate end to our painful search. -
Genesis and Evolution of Public Interest Litigation in the Supreme Court of Pakistan: Toward a Dynamic Theory of Judicialization
_28.2_KHAN_ARTICLE 4 (DO NOT DELETE) 3/3/2015 11:48 AM GENESIS AND EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC INTEREST LITIGATION IN THE SUPREME COURT OF PAKISTAN: TOWARD A DYNAMIC THEORY OF JUDICIALIZATION Maryam S. Khan* I. INTRODUCTION Judicial activism in South Asia, as well as the unique form of pro-poor litigation known as ―public interest litigation‖ (PIL) on which much of it rests, has received considerable attention in recent years from both South Asian and foreign scholars. The concept of public interest law or PIL is not novel and is often instinctively traced back to the PIL phenomenon of the 1960s in the United States. In recent decades, the American practice has been a notional counterpart of public interest in courts in other constitutional systems. However, the South Asian incarnation of PIL is, in many ways, distinguishable from the Anglo-American experience. Upendra Baxi‘s early critique of the Indian Supreme Court‘s activism in the mid-1980s is the classic statement of the distinctiveness of the Indian genre of PIL. Baxi uses the term ―social action litigation‖ (SAL) to emphasize the very different historical triggers, institutional settings, and conceptual groundings of PIL in the Indian context. The * Oscar R. Ruebhausen South Asia Yale Fellow (Yale Law School), 2010. An earlier draft of this article was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS), 2014, and at the Harvard Institute for Global Law and Policy (IGLP) Workshop in Doha, Qatar, 2014. My deep appreciation to Sudha Setty and Anil Kalhan for their fervent interest in my research and for providing me the opportunity to present through proxy at the AALS due to my inability to personally attend the Annual Meeting. -
Benazir Bhutto : Her Political Struggle in Pakistan
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1992 Benazir Bhutto : her political struggle in Pakistan. Kimie Sekine University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Sekine, Kimie, "Benazir Bhutto : her political struggle in Pakistan." (1992). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 2457. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/2457 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 312066 0309 2762 FIVE COLLEGE DEPOSITORY BENAZIR BHUTTO: HER POLITICAL STRUGGLE IN PAKISTAN A Thesis Presented by KIMIE SEKINE Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts May 1992 Department of Political Science BENAZIR BHUTTO: HER POLITICAL STRUGGLE IN PAKISTAN A Thesis Presented by KIMIE SEKINE Approved as to style and content by: L,( Anwar Syed, Chair Karl Ryavec, Member l^rr- l<h- Peter Haas, Member Department of Political Science ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my thesis committee, Professor Karl Ryavec and Professor Peter Haas, for their interest in and assistance to my thesis. I am deeply indebted to my advisor and chairman of the committee, Professor Anwar Syed, for his invaluable advice and thorough review of this thesis. I would also like to take this opportunity to thank Efthymios Delis. Without his support and encouragement this work would never have been possible.