DOCSLIB.ORG

Zulfikar Ali Bhutto

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Politics of Charisma A Collection of Articles of Shaheed Z. A. Bhutto Reproduced by: Sani Hussain Panhwar Member Sindh Council, PPP Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 1 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Politics of Charisma Edited by Syed Abdul Quddus Reproduced by: Sani Hussain Panhwar Member Sindh Council, PPP Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 2 CONTENTS MESSAGE 1. Message from the Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 2. Symbol of nation’s pride and honour Benazir Bhutto .. .. .. .. .. 9 ARTICLES 1. Introduction Syed Abdul Quddus .. .. .. .. .. 12 2. Charisma in Leadership Syed Abdul Quddus .. .. .. .. .. 14 3. Politics of Charisma Professor Sajjad Naseer .. .. .. .. .. 19 4. The Dependent Variable Professor Sajjad Naseer .. .. .. .. .. 23 5. The Bhutto Phenomenon Syed Afzal Haider .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 6. Attributes of a Revolutionary Leader Doctor M. R. Khan .. .. .. .. .. .. 31 7. Dead Bhutto Governs the Living, Valery Giscard D’Eastaing (Former President of France) .. 33 8. Living with the Bhutto Cult Likhari .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 37 9. Consensus and Ideology in Bhutto’s Politics Doctor S.M. Haider .. .. .. .. .. .. 40 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 3 10. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto-Quaid-e-Awam Ahmad F. Jivanjee .. .. .. .. .. .. 44 11. Bhutto and the Punjab by excerpts from a letter written by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto .. .. 47 12. Bhutto Remembered Mir Jamil-ur-Rahman .. .. .. .. .. 49 13. Remembering Bhutto Wajid Shamsul Hassan .. .. .. .. .. 52 14. In Remembrance Ikramus Saqlain Haider .. .. .. .. .. 56 15. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: A Tribute Salman Taseer .. .. .. .. .. .. 59 16. To the Gallows Salman Taseer .. .. .. .. .. .. 61 17. Murdering the Mesiah Basharat Hussain Qizilbash .. .. .. .. 65 18. Soviet Union Warned Bhutto of U.S. plot against Him Khalid Hasan .. .. .. .. .. .. 69 19. How the World judged the judgment Parvez Ali .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 75 20. Bhutto - in the Struggle of Life and Death Syed Amir Hyder Kazmi .. .. .. .. .. 80 21. At what time was Bhutto really hanged? Rashid Saeed .. .. .. .. .. .. 83 22. They could not kill Bhutto Raja Shahid Zafar .. .. .. .. .. .. 86 23. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto as seen by General Gul Hassan, Dr. Afzal Iqbal .. .. .. .. 89 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 4 24. Two Landmarks Farhatullah Babar .. .. .. .. .. .. 92 25. Pure Populist Politician Aitzaz Ahsan .. .. .. .. .. .. 96 26. Bhutto, Some Recollections M. Azim Khan .. .. .. .. .. .. 97 27. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto and Kashmir Professor Khan Zaman Mirza .. .. .. .. 100 28. Bhutto and the Making of 1973 Constitution Syed Afzal Haider .. .. .. .. .. 109 29. Bhutto Charter for Benazir I. A. Rehman .. .. .. .. .. .. 117 30. My Dearest Daughter Zulfikar Ali Bhutto .. .. .. .. .. .. 126 31. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: The Victim of Western Imperialism Dr. Saadat Saeed .. .. .. .. .. .. 183 32. Zab: The Architect of Islamic Socialism Amjad Hussain .. .. .. .. .. .. 185 33. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Shaheed-A Great Intellectual Mirza Humayun Zaman .. .. .. .. .. 189 34. Bhutto: Leader of the Downtrodden Muazzam Khalil .. .. .. .. .. .. 192 35. Legend of Popularity Arslan Rariq Bhatti .. .. .. .. .. .. 195 36. Bhutto: The Man and the Enigma Muslitaq Ahmad .. .. .. .. .. .. 198 37. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto: Not an Ordinary Man Altaf Qureshi .. .. .. .. .. .. 202 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 5 38. Bhutto’s Charisma Lives on Wajid Shamsul Hasan .. .. .. .. .. 207 39. Did he Consolidate or Break Pakistan? Farhatullah Babar .. .. .. .. .. .. 210 40. Bhutto’s Legacy The Editorial “The Nation” Daily, April 4, 1994 .. .. 213 41. Nails in the Coffin of Democracy Hashim Raza .. .. .. .. .. .. 216 42. The Youthful Ideals of Z.A. Bhutto Zeno .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 221 43. Pindi Jail was not too old to be demolished Sadiq Jaffery .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 226 Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 6 1 MESSAGE FROM THE PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN BENAZIR BHUTTO Today we celebrate the 61st birthday of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Pakistan’s first directly elected Prime Minister and Founder-Chairman of Pakistan People’s Party. His life was a clarion call to the dispossessed and the down-trodden to rid them of despair by seizing control of their own destiny. He was a visionary and a statesman who saved Pakistan from disintegration after the military regime of Gen. Yahya Khan had left the country in the ashes of defeat. A nation demoralized by the disgraceful surrender at Dacca was revitalized and reborn as he took the nation to the heights of glory. He gave the country the only unanimous Constitution, the democratic, representative and Islamic Constitution of 1973, which became the rallying cry of the entire opposition during its battle against the usurpation of power by the military regime in 1977. Under his auspices, the second Islamic Summit Conference was held at Lahore where more Muslim Monarchs Presidents and Prime Ministers gathered than at any time in Muslim history. The measure of Muslim unity in his time was symbolized by the Muslim Heads of State and Government bowing in submission before Almighty Allah at Lahore’s Badshahi Mosque. It was here that he coined the term “Soldier of Islam” and considered every Muslim cause his own. During the Ramazan War, soldiers of Pakistan assisted Arab countries in their hour of need. He was a builder, and the concrete and stone monuments he built stand in silent memory to the era of progress and prosperity. He built not only monuments but modern Taj Mahals of development-- the Karakorum Highway, the Steel Mills, the Heavy Mechanical Complex at Taxila, the Mirage Rebuild factory. His voice was the voice of the poor and he broke the hack of an inequitable and exploitative system to give peasants land, and labour their right. He believed in the idealism of the youth and built colleges for them across every district. He built hospitals and technical complexes; he built the first fertilizer factory of South Asia in Pakistan. He carried the world development -- tarraqi which his enemies mocked at the time but were obliged to ape with the passage of time. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 7 He was a man of courage and integrity who believed that the honour of the people was his own honour. He was fearless in his defiance` of the military dictatorship refusing to compromise with them. He defied death and became a martyr. His suffering became the suffering of the nation, his victory in death, the victory of the nation; his martyrdom the inspiration of the democratic struggle as thousands of youth stepped forward with the battle cry “Jeay Bhutto ”. Throughout the world, his name reverberated in the homes of exiles, in the demonstrations for freedom, in the movements to overthrow dictatorship. He haunted the enemies of the people in the portals of power. State power’ state patronage, state machinery could not quell the tide waters of his idea and concept for freedom, dignity and an end to poverty. The triumph of the Party on November 16, 1988, was his triumph, and the triumph of all those, who believed in a modern scientific society where men and women moved to build a great nation. Such men as he live forever. He lives in each one of us, us who believe in peace, progress and prosperity. “Zinda Hai Bhutto, Zinda Hai ”. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 8 2 SYMBOL OF NATION’S PRIDE AND HONOUR – BENAZIR How do we pay homage to a martyr who was larger than life? Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Shaheed marched like a colossus across the world stage, articulating the aspirations of the down-trodden and dispossessed of the Third World. He challenged them to “arise” and seize their destiny, to break the shackles of exploitation and oppression, to hold high their heads in honour and dignity. With his defiant death, his great courage and heroic martyrdom he transcended the barriers of time and place and became embedded in the heart of history. A symbol of the nation’s pride and honour, a most charismatic leader of our times, pre-eminent among political leaders, he left an overwhelming effect on our generations and indeed his influence, his vision continues to serve as a beacon light ten years after he left this world. Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto was the poetry and music of the people’s struggle. The quest for change and a new order based on justice and egalitarianism, an order free of exploitation, can be traced in his epic struggle. He spoke to the people in their language. He owed them his success. He was their undisputed leader. He freed the masses from the tyrants and brought a smile on the faces of those who had only known tears since the dawn of the Indus civilization. The most hostile propaganda spread over a decade, the opera of hate, could not erase his everlasting memory. As we sit today to reflect on the canvas of his life which was spent in a perpetual state of struggle and in the service of the people, we can examine the contours of the magnificent political awakening that he infused in the country. The span of his life was cut brutally short, yet his name became synonymous with many achievements -- with the Security Council, with Kashmir, with Tashkent, with China, with the prisoners of war, with the Simla Agreement, with the Constitution, with the Reprocessing Plant, with the Reforms with Roti, Kapra Aur Makan with Mochi Gate, with the Awami Era, with the slogan of “Jiye Bhutto ”. His passionate attachment to the dream of Islamic renaissance and to revive the pristine concept of Islamic brotherhood manifested itself in the historic Islamic Summit at Lahore. His genius at diplomatic maneuvering was dazzling. If he were to be judged only by that he might perhaps be considered the most brilliant statesman of his time. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Politics of Charisma; Copyright © www.bhutto.org 9 He was a reformist and gave a new direction to labour, health, education, engineering, peasants and uplift of women during his term.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Sindh and Making of Pakistan Abstract Histori
    Muhammad IqbalChawla* Fatima Riffat** A History of Sindh from a Regional Perspective: Sindh and Making of Pakistan Abstract Historical literature is full of descriptions concerning the life, thoughts and actions of main Muslim central leadership of India, like the role of Quaid-i-Azam in the creation of Pakistan. However enough literature on the topic, which can be easily accessed, especially in English, has not come to light on the efforts made by the political leadership of smaller provinces comprising today’s Pakistan during the Pakistan Movement. To fill the existing gap in historical literature this paper attempts to throw light on the contribution of Sindh provincial leadership. There are number of factors which have prompted the present author to focus on the province of Sindh and its provincial leadership. Firstly, the province of Sindh enjoys the prominence for being the first amongst all the Muslim-majority provinces of undivided India who have supported the creation of Pakistan. The Sind Provincial Muslim League had passed a resolution on 10 October, 1938, urging the right of political self-government for the two largest religious groups of India, Muslims and Hindus, even before the passage of the Lahore Resolution for Pakistan in 1940. Secondly, the Sindh Legislative Assembly followed suit and passed a resolution in support of Pakistan in March 1943. Thirdly, it was the first Muslim-majority province whose members of the Legislature opted to join Pakistan on 26 June 1947. Fourthly, despite personal jealousies, tribal conflicts, thrust for power, the political leadership in Sindh helped Jinnah to achieve Pakistan. But few leaders of Sindh not only left the Muslim League, denied the two nation theory and ended up with the idea of SindhuDesh(Independent Sindh vis a vis Pakistan).While investigating other dimensions of the Pakistan Movement and the role of Sindhi leaders this paper will also analyze the inconsistency of some of the Sindhi leaders regarding their position and ideologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan
    Politics of Exclusion: Muslim Nationalism, State Formation and Legal Representations of the Ahmadiyya Community in Pakistan by Sadia Saeed A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor George P. Steinmetz, Chair Professor Howard A. Kimeldorf Associate Professor Fatma Muge Gocek Associate Professor Genevieve Zubrzycki Professor Mamadou Diouf, Columbia University © Sadia Saeed 2010 2 Dedication This dissertation is dedicated to my parents with my deepest love, respect and gratitude for the innumerable ways they have supported my work and choices. ii Acknowledgements I would like to begin by acknowledging the immense support my parents have given me every step of the way during my (near) decade in graduate school. I have dedicated this dissertation to them. My ammi and baba have always believed in my capabilities to accomplish not only this dissertation but much more in life and their words of love and encouragement have continuously given me the strength and the will to give my research my very best. My father‘s great enthusiasm for this project, his intellectual input and his practical help and advice during the fieldwork of this project have been formative to this project. I would like to thank my dissertation advisor George Steinmetz for the many engaged conversations about theory and methods, for always pushing me to take my work to the next level and above all for teaching me to recognize and avoid sloppiness, caricatures and short-cuts. It is to him that I owe my greatest intellectual debt.
    [Show full text]
  • Migration and Small Towns in Pakistan
    Working Paper Series on Rural-Urban Interactions and Livelihood Strategies WORKING PAPER 15 Migration and small towns in Pakistan Arif Hasan with Mansoor Raza June 2009 ABOUT THE AUTHORS Arif Hasan is an architect/planner in private practice in Karachi, dealing with urban planning and development issues in general, and in Asia and Pakistan in particular. He has been involved with the Orangi Pilot Project (OPP) since 1982 and is a founding member of the Urban Resource Centre (URC) in Karachi, whose chairman he has been since its inception in 1989. He is currently on the board of several international journals and research organizations, including the Bangkok-based Asian Coalition for Housing Rights, and is a visiting fellow at the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED), UK. He is also a member of the India Committee of Honour for the International Network for Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism. He has been a consultant and advisor to many local and foreign CBOs, national and international NGOs, and bilateral and multilateral donor agencies. He has taught at Pakistani and European universities, served on juries of international architectural and development competitions, and is the author of a number of books on development and planning in Asian cities in general and Karachi in particular. He has also received a number of awards for his work, which spans many countries. Address: Hasan & Associates, Architects and Planning Consultants, 37-D, Mohammad Ali Society, Karachi – 75350, Pakistan; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]. Mansoor Raza is Deputy Director Disaster Management for the Church World Service – Pakistan/Afghanistan.
    [Show full text]
  • Censorship in Pakistani Urdu Textbooks
    Censorship in Pakistani Urdu Textbooks S and criticism has always been an active force in Pakistani society. Journalists and creative writers have had to struggle hard to find their way around or across many laws threatening to punish any deviation from the official line on most vital issues. The authorities’ initiative to impose censorship through legislative means dates back to the Public Safety Act Ordinance imposed in October , and later, in , ratified by the first Constituent Assembly of Pakistan as the Safety Act. Apart from numberless political workers, newspapers, and periodicals, the leading literary journals too fell victim to this oppressive piece of legislation which was only the first in a long series of such laws. In fact, Sav®r≥ (Lahore) has the dubious honor of being the first periodical of any kind to be banned, in , under this very Public Safety Act Ordinance. This legal device was also invoked to suspend two other Lahore-based literary periodicals—Nuq∑sh and Adab-e Laπµf—for six months and to incarcerate the editor of Sav®r≥, Zaheer Kashmiri, in without even a trial.1 The infamous Safety Act had well-known literary people on both sides. On the one hand, literary critics such as Mu√ammad ƒasan ‘Askarµ2 found the law perfectly justifiable—indeed, they even praised it. On the other hand, there were writers and editors who were prosecuted under 1See Zamir Niazi, The Press in Chains (Karachi: Karachi Press Club, ), pp. and . 2For details, see Mu√ammad ƒasan ‘Askarµ, Takhlµqµ ‘Amal aur Usl∑b, collected by Mu√ammad Suh®l ‘Umar (Karachi: Nafµs Academy, ) , pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan: Arrival and Departure
    01-2180-2 CH 01:0545-1 10/13/11 10:47 AM Page 1 stephen p. cohen 1 Pakistan: Arrival and Departure How did Pakistan arrive at its present juncture? Pakistan was originally intended by its great leader, Mohammed Ali Jinnah, to transform the lives of British Indian Muslims by providing them a homeland sheltered from Hindu oppression. It did so for some, although they amounted to less than half of the Indian subcontinent’s total number of Muslims. The north Indian Muslim middle class that spearheaded the Pakistan movement found itself united with many Muslims who had been less than enthusiastic about forming Pak- istan, and some were hostile to the idea of an explicitly Islamic state. Pakistan was created on August 14, 1947, but in a decade self-styled field marshal Ayub Khan had replaced its shaky democratic political order with military-guided democracy, a market-oriented economy, and little effective investment in welfare or education. The Ayub experiment faltered, in part because of an unsuccessful war with India in 1965, and Ayub was replaced by another general, Yahya Khan, who could not manage the growing chaos. East Pakistan went into revolt, and with India’s assistance, the old Pakistan was bro- ken up with the creation of Bangladesh in 1971. The second attempt to transform Pakistan was short-lived. It was led by the charismatic Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who simultaneously tried to gain control over the military, diversify Pakistan’s foreign and security policy, build a nuclear weapon, and introduce an economic order based on both Islam and socialism.
    [Show full text]
  • Fezana Agm 2013 Report
    FEZANA 26th AGM REPORT BOOK INDEX 26th ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING AGENDA MINUTES OF 25th AGM HELD IN NEW YORK (AUGUST 2012) FINANCIAL REPORTS Minutes of conference call to discuss Financial Statements ‐‐ April 6, 2013 Treasurer's Comments Snapshot Summary FEZANA Financial Statements ‐ 2012 EXECUTIVE REPORTS REPORT BY PRESIDENT REPORT BY VICE‐PRESIDENT REPORT BY SECRETARY COMMITTEE REPORTS Academic Scholarship Committee Education, Scholarship and Conference Committee Excellence in Sports Scholarship FEZANA Information Research System (FIRES) Funds and Finance Committee Interfaith Activities Committee Performing and Creative Arts Scholarship Publications ‐ Information Receiving and Dissemination Committee Publications: FEZANA Journal Publications: Accounts for Legacy; Connections; Flyers 2013 Public Relations Committee Research and Preservation Committee Small Groups Committee Unity and Welfare Committee Zoroastrian Sports Committee (ZSC) Zoroastrian Youth of North America (ZYNA) Zoroastrian Youth Without Borders (ZYWB) Z‐TEM (Zarathushti Treasures for Exhibits and Museums) OTHER REPORTS Demographics Infrastructure Development in North America Return to Roots Strategic Plan ‐ Second 10 Year Plan 2011‐2021 Zoroastrians Stepping Forward (ZSF) Welfare Activities with WZO Trust, 2012 FEZANA 26TH AGM REPORT BOOK PAGE 1 FEZANA 26TH AGM REPORT BOOK PAGE 2 FEDERATION OF ZOROASTRIAN ASSOCIATIONS OF NORTH AMERICA http://www.fezana.org Representing 26 Zoroastrian Associations and 12 Small Groups in the USA and Canada TWENTY SIXTH ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING (AGM) OF FEZANA MAY 3RD TO 5TH, 2013 Host: Zoroastrian Association of Northern Texas Location: Hyatt Place Dallas/Grapevine 2220 Grapevine Mills Circle Grapevine, TX 76051 (972) 691-1199 Notes: 1. Member Association and Associate Member (Small Group) Presidents and/or their Reps to participate in the deliberations. Observers can comment and/or make suggestions when acknowledged by the Chair.
    [Show full text]
  • Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol
    Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan : JRSP, Vol. 58, No 2 (April-June 2021) Ulfat Zahra Javed Iqbal Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto and the Beginning of Confrontationist Power Politics in Pakistan 1971-1977 Abstract: This paper mainly explores the genesis of power politics in Pakistan during 1971-1977. The era witnessed political disorders that the country had experienced after the tragic event of the separation of East Pakistan. Bhutto’s desire for absolute power and his efforts to introduce a system that would make him the main force in power alienated both, the opposition and his colleagues and supporters. Instead of a democratic stance on competitive policies, he adopted an authoritarian style and confronted the National People's Party, leading to an era characterized by power politics and personality clashes between the stalwarts of the time. This mutual distrust between Bhutto and the opposition - led to a coalition of diverse political groups in the opposition, forming alliances such as the United Democratic Front and the Pakistan National Alliance to counter Bhutto's attempts of establishing a sort of civilian dictatorship. This study attempts to highlight the main theoretical and political implications of power politics between the ruling PPP and the opposition parties which left behind deep imprints on the history of Pakistan leading to the imposition of martial law in 1977. If the political parties tackle the situation with harmony, a firm democracy can establish in Pakistan. Keywords: Pakhtun Students Federation, Dehi Mohafiz, Shahbaz (Newspaper), Federal Security Force. Introduction The loss of East Pakistan had caused great demoralization in the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan's 2008 Elections
    Pakistan’s 2008 Elections: Results and Implications for U.S. Policy name redacted Specialist in South Asian Affairs April 9, 2008 Congressional Research Service 7-.... www.crs.gov RL34449 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Pakistan’s 2008 Elections: Results and Implications for U.S. Policy Summary A stable, democratic, prosperous Pakistan actively working to counter Islamist militancy is considered vital to U.S. interests. Pakistan is a key ally in U.S.-led counterterrorism efforts. The history of democracy in Pakistan is a troubled one marked by ongoing tripartite power struggles among presidents, prime ministers, and army chiefs. Military regimes have ruled Pakistan directly for 34 of the country’s 60 years in existence, and most observers agree that Pakistan has no sustained history of effective constitutionalism or parliamentary democracy. In 1999, the democratically elected government of then-Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was ousted in a bloodless coup led by then-Army Chief Gen. Pervez Musharraf, who later assumed the title of president. In 2002, Supreme Court-ordered parliamentary elections—identified as flawed by opposition parties and international observers—seated a new civilian government, but it remained weak, and Musharraf retained the position as army chief until his November 2007 retirement. In October 2007, Pakistan’s Electoral College reelected Musharraf to a new five-year term in a controversial vote that many called unconstitutional. The Bush Administration urged restoration of full civilian rule in Islamabad and called for the February 2008 national polls to be free, fair, and transparent. U.S. criticism sharpened after President Musharraf’s November 2007 suspension of the Constitution and imposition of emergency rule (nominally lifted six weeks later), and the December 2007 assassination of former Prime Minister and leading opposition figure Benazir Bhutto.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan's Atomic Bomb and the Search for Security
    Pakistan's Atomic Bomb And The Search For Security edited by Zia Mian Gautam Publishers 27 Temple Road, Lahore, Pakistan Printed by Maktaba Jadeed Press, Lahore, Pakistan ©1995 by Zia Mian A publication of the Campaign for Nuclear Sanity and the Sustainable Development Policy Institute Acknowledgements No book is ever produced in isolation. This one in particular is the work of many hands, and minds. Among the people whose contribution has been indispensable, special mention must be made of Nauman Naqvi from SDPI. There is Gautam Publishers, who have taken the risk when others have not. The greatest debts are, as always, personal. They are rarely mentioned, can never be paid, and payment is never asked for. It is enough that they are remembered. Contents Foreword Dr. Mubashir Hasan i Introduction Dr. Zia Mian 1 1. Nuclear Myths And Realities Dr. Pervez Hoodbhoy 3 Bombs for Prestige? 4 Understanding May 1990 8 The Overt-Covert Debate 11 Nuclear War - By Accident 16 The Second Best Option 17 Options for Pakistan 21 2. A False Sense Of Security Lt.-Gen. (rtd.) Mujib ur Rehman Khan 24 A Matter of Perception 25 Useless Nukes 26 A Sterile Pursuit 28 3. The Costs Of Nuclear Security Dr. Zia Mian 30 The Human Costs of Nuclear Programmes 31 Nuclear Accidents 35 Nuclear Guardians 38 Buying Security with Nuclear Weapons 40 The Real Cost of Nuclear Weapons 44 Safety 48 The Social Costs of Nuclear Security 51 Who Benefits? 53 The Ultimate Costs of Nuclear Security 56 4. The Nuclear Arms Race And Fall Of The Soviet Union Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India
    Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India Gyanendra Pandey CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Remembering Partition Violence, Nationalism and History in India Through an investigation of the violence that marked the partition of British India in 1947, this book analyses questions of history and mem- ory, the nationalisation of populations and their pasts, and the ways in which violent events are remembered (or forgotten) in order to en- sure the unity of the collective subject – community or nation. Stressing the continuous entanglement of ‘event’ and ‘interpretation’, the author emphasises both the enormity of the violence of 1947 and its shifting meanings and contours. The book provides a sustained critique of the procedures of history-writing and nationalist myth-making on the ques- tion of violence, and examines how local forms of sociality are consti- tuted and reconstituted by the experience and representation of violent events. It concludes with a comment on the different kinds of political community that may still be imagined even in the wake of Partition and events like it. GYANENDRA PANDEY is Professor of Anthropology and History at Johns Hopkins University. He was a founder member of the Subaltern Studies group and is the author of many publications including The Con- struction of Communalism in Colonial North India (1990) and, as editor, Hindus and Others: the Question of Identity in India Today (1993). This page intentionally left blank Contemporary South Asia 7 Editorial board Jan Breman, G.P. Hawthorn, Ayesha Jalal, Patricia Jeffery, Atul Kohli Contemporary South Asia has been established to publish books on the politics, society and culture of South Asia since 1947.
    [Show full text]
  • Pakistan | Freedom House
    Pakistan | Freedom House http://www.freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2012/pakistan About Us DONATE Blog Contact Us REGIONS ISSUES Reports Programs Initiatives News Experts Events Donate FREEDOM IN THE WORLD Pakistan Pakistan Freedom in the World 2012 OVERVIEW: 2012 In 2011, tensions between the civilian government, the military and SCORES intelligence agencies, and the judiciary—and attempts by all three groups to exert greater control over policy formulation—continued to STATUS threaten the government’s stability and the consolidation of democracy in Pakistan. Societal discrimination and attacks against religious Partly minorities and women, as well as weak rule of law and impunity, remained issues of concern. Journalists and human rights defenders Free came under increased threat during the year, particularly those who FREEDOM RATING spoke out on Pakistan’s blasphemy laws or abuses by security and intelligence agencies. Freedom of expression also suffered due to official 4.5 attempts to censor online media content and greater self-censorship on sensitive issues. The army’s campaigns against Islamist militants in the CIVIL LIBERTIES tribal areas led to a range of human rights abuses, displacement of civilians, and retaliatory terrorist attacks across the country, while 5 violence in Balochistan and the city of Karachi worsened. POLITICAL RIGHTS Pakistan was created as a Muslim homeland during the partition of British India 4 in 1947, and the military has directly or indirectly ruled the country for much of its independent history. As part of his effort to consolidate power, military dictator Mohammad Zia ul-Haq amended the constitution in 1985 to allow the president to dismiss elected governments.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Who in Pakistan & Who Is Who in the World Study Material
    1 Who is Who in Pakistan Lists of Government Officials (former & current) Governor Generals of Pakistan: Sr. # Name Assumed Office Left Office 1 Muhammad Ali Jinnah 15 August 1947 11 September 1948 (died in office) 2 Sir Khawaja Nazimuddin September 1948 October 1951 3 Sir Ghulam Muhammad October 1951 August 1955 4 Iskander Mirza August 1955 (Acting) March 1956 October 1955 (full-time) First Cabinet of Pakistan: Pakistan came into being on August 14, 1947. Its first Governor General was Muhammad Ali Jinnah and First Prime Minister was Liaqat Ali Khan. Following is the list of the first cabinet of Pakistan. Sr. Name of Minister Ministry 1. Liaqat Ali Khan Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Minister for Commonwealth relations 2. Malik Ghulam Muhammad Finance Minister 3. Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar Minister of trade , Industries & Construction 4. *Raja Ghuzanfar Ali Minister for Food, Agriculture, and Health 5. Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar Transport, Communication Minister 6. Fazal-ul-Rehman Minister Interior, Education, and Information 7. Jogendra Nath Mandal Minister for Law & Labour *Raja Ghuzanfar’s portfolio was changed to Minister of Evacuee and Refugee Rehabilitation and the ministry for food and agriculture was given to Abdul Satar Pirzada • The first Chief Minister of Punjab was Nawab Iftikhar. • The first Chief Minister of NWFP was Abdul Qayum Khan. • The First Chief Minister of Sindh was Muhamad Ayub Khuro. • The First Chief Minister of Balochistan was Ataullah Mengal (1 May 1972), Balochistan acquired the status of the province in 1970. List of Former Prime Ministers of Pakistan 1. Liaquat Ali Khan (1896 – 1951) In Office: 14 August 1947 – 16 October 1951 2.
    [Show full text]