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Home , Allah, Ihram, Kaaba, Miqat, Safa and Marwa, The first pilgrimage

Year 8 Home Learning. Task 6. Where do make their and why?

Task 1. Read the quote and answer the questions. The quote says; ‘Pilgrimage to the House is a duty toward upon humankind, for those who can find a way there’ What does this quote mean? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… How does tell us the effects the life of a Muslim? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Task 2. Read the following infographs and the information below. Using this information, put the statements into the correct order.

Once a year, Muslims of every ethnic group, colour, social status, and culture gather together in and stand before the praising together. It is a ritual that is designed to promote the bonds of Islamic brotherhood and sisterhood by showing that everyone is equal in the eyes of Allah. The Hajj makes Muslims feel real importance of life here on earth, and the , by taking away all signs of social status, wealth, and pride. In the Hajj all are truly equal. The Hajjis or pilgrims wear simple white clothes called . During the Hajj the Pilgrims perform acts of worship and they renew their sense of purpose in the world. Mecca is a place that is holy to all Muslims. It is so holy that no non-Muslim is allowed to enter. For Muslims, the Hajj is the fifth and final pillar of . It occurs in the month of Dhul Hijjah which is the twelfth month of the Islamic lunar calendar. It is the journey that every adult Muslim must undertake at least once in their lives if they can afford it and are physically able.

Four thousand years ago the valley of Mecca was a dry and uninhabited place. Muslims believe the Prophet Ibrahim () was instructed to bring his wife, Hajira and their child Is'mail to Arabia from to protect them from the jealousy of Ibrahim's first wife . Allah told the Prophet Ibrahim to leave them on their own, and he did so, with some supplies of food and water. However the supplies quickly ran out and within a few days Hajira and Is'mail were suffering from hunger and dehydration. In her desperation Hajira ran up and down two hills called trying to see if she could spot any help in the distance. Finally she collapsed beside Is'mail and prayed to Allah for deliverance. Is'mail struck his foot on the ground and this caused a spring of water to gush forth from the earth. Hajira and Is'mail were saved. Now they had a secure water supply they were able to trade water with passing for food and supplies. After a while the Prophet Ibrahim returned from Palestine to check on his family and was amazed to see them running a well. The Prophet Ibrahim was told by Allah to build a dedicated to him. Ibrahim and Is'mail constructed a small stone structure - the Kaaba or Cube - which was to be the gathering place for all who wished to strengthen their faith in Allah.As the years passed Is'mail became a Prophet and he gave the people of the desert the message of Allah. After many centuries, Mecca became a thriving city thanks to its reliable water source, the well of Zam Zam. Gradually, the people began to change and started worshiping statues and many different . The shrine of the Prophet Ibrahim was used to store idols. After many years, Allah told the Prophet Muhammed that he should restore the Kaaba to the worship of Allah only. In the year 628 the Prophet Muhammed out on a journey with 1400 of his followers. This was in Islam, and would re-establish the religious traditions of the Prophet Ibrahim.

Pilgrims are advised to travel light, so they only take essentials. Many pilgrims fly to a city in , and then travel to Mecca by bus. Once you get to Mecca, there are two rituals which you can perform; the lesser pilgrimage or , and the main pilgrimage or Hajj.The Umrah is an extra, optional pilgrimage and does not count as the once-in-a-lifetime Hajj. Although it includes some of the rituals of the Hajj, they are shortened and there are fewer of them. Most pilgrims who come for the Hajj arrive a few days before it actually starts and perform Umra first. Combining the Hajj with the Umrah is called a Hajji-Tamattu. To carry out the pilgrimage rituals you need to be in a state of Ihram, which is a special state of ritual purity. You do this by making a statement of intention, wearing special white clothes (which are also called ihram) and obeying the regulations below. The person on the Hajj may not: • Engage in marital relations • Shave or cut their nails • Use cologne or scented oils • Kill or hunt anything • Fight or argue. • Women must not cover their faces, even if they would do so in their home country. • Men may not wear clothes with stitching. • Bathing is allowed but scented soaps are frowned upon.

The Hajj is a real pilgrimage - a journey, with rites and rituals to be done along the way. You begin at a place just outside Mecca called the , or entry station to the Hajj. There you bathe, put on the Ihram (the special white clothes), make the intention for Umra and begin reciting the Talbiya Du'a (). Here I am at Your service, O Allah, here I am at your service! You have no partner. Here I am at your service. All praise and belong to you. All dominion is yours and You have no partner.

Then you go to the Masjid al and walk around the Ka'ba seven times repeating du'as and . This is called the Tawaf. Afterwards you should sip some Zam Zam water. Zam Zam water is water from the Zam Zam well, the well which opened in the desert to save Hajira and Is'mail from dying of thirst. Next you go to the walkway between the hills of Safa and Marwa and walk back and forth between them seven times. This completes the Umra portion of the Hajj rituals and some of the Ihram restrictions are relaxed.

Now make your intention for the Hajj and put on the Ihram garments again. Travel to Mina on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah (a date in the ) and remain there until Fajr (dawn) next morning. Then you travel to the valley of Arafat and stand in the open praising Allah. The heat of Arabia at midday provides a hint as to what the Day of Judgement will be like. At the end of the day, travel to Muzdalifa for the night. Gather together 49 or 70 small stones together to use the next day. One of the pillars of Jamraat ©

In the morning you return to Mina and throw the stones at pillars called Jamraat. These represent the . Then a called a should be made in which a lamb or sheep is slaughtered and the meat distributed among the poor. After this, men's heads are shaved and women cut a lock of their hair. Then return to Mecca and make a Tawaf (this is the ritual of walking around the Ka'aba seven times). Then it's back to Mina for 3 or 4 days, stoning the pillars each day. Finally do a farewell Tawaf in Masjid-al Haram on the twelfth day of the month of Dhul Hijjah, ask Allah's , make du'a and the Hajj is finished. Many people then go to the Prophet's in , but this is optional. A man who has completed the Hajj is called a Hajji, a woman who has completed it is called a Hajjah. At the end of the Hajj, Muslims from all over the world celebrate the holiday known as the Eid ul Adha or Festival of the sacrifice.This festival commemorates the obedience of the Prophet Ibrahim when he was ordered to sacrifice his son Is'mail. Ibrahim proved his and devotion to Allah by showing his willingness to kill his beloved son if Allah wished it. In the end Ibrahim did not have to kill his son as Allah gave him a ram to sacrifice instead.

Now put these statements in the right order. I’ve done number 1 for you.

After Eid al Adha, many Muslims will travel from Makkah to Medina to visit the Prophet ’s (pbuh) tomb. This is known as the lesser pilgrimage. After Wuduf on Arafat, Muslims collect 49 stones which they throw at 3 giant stone pillars called Jamrat al Aqubuh. 7 is an important number in Islam – it is thought to be the perfect number. 49 is therefore an important number because it is 7x7. Arafat is a great plain on which Muslims stand from sunrise to sunset, praying to Allah. This action is known as Wuduf. By throwing stones at the pillars, Muslims are showing Allah that they will not be tempted to do bad things and will try and have a better life. Eid al Adha is a celebration of Allah and the fresh start that he has given Muslims who experience the Hajj pilgrimage. Eid al Adha is the celebration at the end of Hajj. Muslims now wear their own clothes and do not have to follow the Ihram rules. They kill a sheep and donate 1/3 of the meat to the poor. and her baby son Ismail were dying of thirst. She was looking for water when the Jibreel appeared to her and told her to put Ismail on the ground. Hajj is the 5th pillar of Islam and the name of the Muslim pilgrimage. Muslims have to try and go on Hajj at least once in 1 their lives. If they do, they are known as Hajji. This is what happens on Hajj… Ihram is the state of preparedness that Muslims enter into before going on Hajj. They have special rules to follow as part of the Ihram and special robes to wear. All Muslims on Hajj wear the same Ihram robes. This shows that they are all equal before Allah. They are white to show that they are trying to be pure and a better Muslim. Muslims follow the Ihram rules for the 10 days of Hajj; they are difficult but show Allah that Muslims want to put them first in their lives. An example is not to lie and be calm. Ismail was put on the ground and he dug his toes into the sand between the hills of Safa and Marwa and a spring of water appeared. This reminds Muslims that Allah provides. Muslims visit the tomb as a way of showing respect to the found of Islam, the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) Sai is when Muslims run between two hills called Safa and Marwa. After they have done this seven times, they will drink from the Zam Zam well. The Jamrat al Aqubuh represent the devil and remind Muslims about when the devil tried to tempt the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) The Kabbah is a huge black box which is a symbol of Allah’s love for humanity. Muslims run around the Kabbah 7 times which reminds them of Allah’s love for them. Wuduf on Arafat is the most important stage of Hajj. Muslims believe that if they are really sorry for what they have done, Allah will forgive them their .

Task 3. Explain and interpret this image using these words; equal, ihram clothes, Hajj, Kabbah, Mecca, Muslims, Pilgrimage

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Task 4. Write a paragraph to EXPLAIN why SOME people NEED to go on pilgrimage. Also try to also explain why other people choose to go but do not have to. Use the following sentence starters;

 Some people have to go on a pilgrimage because...  An example of this is when …. go on a pilgrimage called... because ...  Other people, such as ..., do not have to go on pilgrimage but want to anyway because... An example would be...

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