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The Arab and Arab Islamic and Muslim Architecture
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. THE ARAB AND ARAB ISLAMIC AND MUSLIM ARCHITECTURE OF THE OLD HOLY MASJID AND AL-KA'ABAH A Monadic Interpretation of the Two Holy Buildings by Eduard Franciscus Schwarz A Thesis Submitted to Massey University Wellington Campus, New Zealand in Part Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Philosophy Massey University of Wellington 2005 The Holy Complex in Makkah al-Mukarramah in Saudi Arabia Acknowledgments Although I belong to those who were indirectly indoctrinated by the Bauhaus, Architecture has moved well away from the Bauhaus architecture and Bauhaus philosophy into that can be referred to as labyrinth architecture with a poetic base. However, the tendency to perceive architecture as a body poetic needs to be queried. That architecture had moved away from the architecture advocated by the Bauhaus was particularly realized during my study at Massey University, Wellington Campus, during 2004. Contact with art students and staff, trained in art and fashion were very useful. Without the help of others, the writing of the thesis would have been more difficult. My thanks go to Professor Duncan Joiner, who was my supervisor. I am also thankful to the Massey University Library, Wellington Campus that carried out a literature search in support of this work. Massey University also provided me with computers for the writing of the work, Brian Halliday, now retired, needs mentioning here, so does Ken Elliot for the constant help he gave computer-wise. -
Saudi Aramco Rabigh Refinery Control System
SUCCESS STORY Saudi Aramco Rabigh Refi nery Control System Replacement (Hot Cutover) Location: Rabigh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Order Date: October 2003 Completion Date: May 2006 Industry: Refi ning About Saudi Aramco and the Rabigh Refi nery Saudi Aramco’s operations span the globe and the energy industry. The world leader in crude oil production, Saudi Aramco also owns and operates an extensive network of refi ning and distribution facilities, and is responsible for gas processing and transportation installations that fuel Saudi Arabia’s industrial sector. An array of international subsidiaries and joint ventures deliver crude oil and refi ned products to customers worldwide. World-class refi neries located across the country, from the Arabian Gulf to the Red Sea, reliably supply more than a million barrels of products each day to meet the needs of the Saudi Arabian and international markets. The Rabigh Refi nery, located 160 kilometers north of Jeddah on the Rea Sea coast, is one such refi nery operated by Saudi Aramco. The Rabigh refi nery has a 400,000 BPD crude topping facility. Crude is delivered by tankers through the Saudi Aramco Rabigh port. The main products are fuel oil, naphtha, and jet fuel. LPG and oil are used as fuel for the refi nery while recovered sulphur is bagged and shipped. Background of This Project As part of an upgrade project to reap the benefi ts of the latest technology, Saudi Aramco Rabigh Refi nery awarded Yokogawa this project to replace the existing control system with a state-of-the-art distributed control system (DCS). -
Hajj the Islamic Pilgrimage According to the Five Schools of Islamic Law
Published on Books on Islam and Muslims | Al-Islam.org (http://www.al-islam.org) Home > Hajj The Islamic Pilgrimage According to The Five Schools of Islamic Law Hajj The Islamic Pilgrimage According to The Five Schools of Islamic Law Log in [1] or register [2] to post comments Adapted from "The Five Schools of Islamic Law" Author(s): ● Allamah Muhammad Jawad Maghniyyah [3] Publisher(s): ● Ansariyan Publications - Qum [4] Category: ● Hajj (Pilgrimage) [5] Topic Tags: ● Hajj [6] ● Schools of Thought [7] ● Law [8] ● Fiqh [9] Old url: http://www.al-islam.org/hajjandfiveschools/ The Hajj The Acts of the Hajj At the beginning, in order to make it easier for the reader to follow the opinions of the five schools of fiqh about various aspects of Hajj, we shall briefly outline their sequence as ordained by the Shari'ah. The Hajj pilgrim coming from a place distant from Mecca assumes ihram1 from the miqat2 on his way, or from a point parallel to the closest miqat, and starts reciting the talbiyah.3 In this there is no difference between one performing `Umrah mufradahor any of the three types of Hajj (i.e. tamattu, ifrad, qiran). However, those who live within the haram4 of Mecca assume ihram from their houses.'5 i.e. `God is the greatest') and tahlil) اﻟﻠَّﻪِ أَﻛْﺒَﺮ On sighting the Holy Ka'bah, he recites takbir i.e. `There is no god except Allah') which is mustahabb 6 (desirable, though) ﻻ إﻟﻪ إﻻ اﻟﻠﻪ not obligatory). On entering Mecca, he takes a bath, which is again mustahabb. -
Islamic Studies and Religious Education Bi-Annual Curriculum
Islamic Studies and Religious Education bi-annual Curriculum Subject Leader: Mr Abdullah AS Patel, Deputy Head Teacher Intent We are committed to providing a curriculum with breadth that allows all our pupils to be able to achieve the following: ● Build Islamic character, through the termly topics, and a special focus on character building in the final term. ● To learn relevant knowledge to their religious preferences and the values they come with from home. ● To challenges, motivate, inspire and lead them to a lifelong interest in learning, using their Islamic values as a base for further religious exploration, in further education. ● To facilitate pupils to achieve their personal best and grow up to be Muslims with a strong sense of identity. ● To create a link between different subjects to give the pupils and appreciation of the breadth and connected nature of learning. ● To promote active community involvement, we will ensure pupils are prepared for life in modern Britain, by teaching universal human values, and dedicating time in the year to learning specifically about British Values. Implementation To help us achieve our Islamic Studies curriculum intent, we will: ● Offer a quality-assured curriculum using multiple syllabi, and ensuring all lessons are well-planned and effectively delivered. ● Provide pupils and parents with ‘Tarbiyah’ checklists to monitor their character-building progress. ● Where appropriate, we will provide pupils with the tools to learn more effectively by means of practical demonstrations. ● To build a sense of tolerance and respect, we will arrange trips to visit different places of worship to learn about others and appreciate their teachings. -
Investor Presentation
Investor update presentation September 2015 Content Introduction 4 Update on financial performance 6-11 Overview of E-Commerce initiatives 13-21 Update on Makkah investments 23-31 2 Section 1 Introduction Al Tayyar Travel Group Holding Co (ATG) at a glance • With market capitalization of about US$ 4.8 billion, ATG is the leading integrated travel service provider in the MENA region • ATG is the leading travel management service Top sales award Newly awarded Top agent award Silver award provider of corporate and government travel with (2009, 2010, 2011, Exclusive GSA (1999, 2002, 2004, (2010, 2011, interest in hospitality sector 2012, 2013) 2005, 2011, 2012 2012, 2013) • Enabled by a robust technology platform, ATG & 2013) serves its clients through a global network of more than 430 branches • ATG is building a strong position in the religious Passengers Sales Sale Excellence Top agent award Top sales agent fro tourism market in Makkah through a vertical award awards (2009, 2010, 2011, (2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, integration strategy owning large number of hotels (1994, 1995, 1996, (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013) 2012, 2013, 2014) in 2010, 2011, 2012 2012, 2013) Central province • ATG has consistently won prestigious awards and and 2013) recognitions from its partners and leading airlines Top low-cost carrier in the GCC ATG’s success story • IPO in June 2012 • Acquisition of • Acquisitions of • Acquisition of 100% of • Acquisition of Mawasim Elegant Resorts, Muthmerah Muthmerah Real CTM, and Al Hanove • Investment in Careem 2014 Estate company -
Orientation Specification for Mosques
Orientation Specification For Mosques Mohamed Nabeel Tarabishy, Ph.D. Goodsamt, LLC. www.goodsamt.com ABSTRACT: This paper puts a framework for translating religious (Sharia) requirements for turning towards Mecca into geometrical requirements. Another objective of this paper is to investigate the sources of error in finding the direction, and to suggest acceptable limits for the error given the current state of technology without causing undue difficulty. In the process we differentiate between error for individuals and for mosques, and in this work we focus on mosques. Initially, we examined individual perception of direction error. We found it very subjective and would be hard to produce a suitable error limit. Next we used the condition to stay within Mecca as another possible approach to find the limits. Finally, factoring implementation issues, we gave our recommendations for the specs. INTRODUCTION: Turning towards Mecca (Qibla direction) is a prerequisite for a Muslim prayer. While some time the correct direction is not clear, due diligence in finding the Qibla is required. Muslims have turned in the early days of Islam towards Jerusalem, then, they were ordered to turn towards Mecca. Finding the right direction is not a trivial task, it involves the use of coordinate system, and the knowledge of spherical geometry. Such tools enable us to solve the problem easily nowadays, but in the past, people have to resort to different ways to find the Qibla, chief among them is the use of astronomical alignments. These days, it is almost agreed upon that the correct direction is by following the great circle path, however, it is not explained in terms of the requirement of the prayer, and instead it is advocated because it is the shortest distance between the observer and the target (Mecca). -
Download Hajj Guide
In the name of Allah the Beneficent and the Merciful Hajj Guide for Pilgrims With Islamic Rulings (Ahkaam) Philosophy & Supplications (Duaas) SABA Hajj Group Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area San Jose, California, USA First Edition (Revision 1.1) December, 2003 Second Edition (Revision 2.1) October, 2005 Third Edition (Revision 2.0) December, 2006 Authors & Editors: Hojjatul Islam Dr. Nabi Raza Abidi, Resident Scholar of Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area Hussnain Gardezi, Haider Ali, Urooj Kazmi, Akber Kazmi, Ali Hasan - Hajj-Guide Committee Reviewers: Hojjatul Islam Zaki Baqri, Hojjatul Islam Sayyed Mojtaba Beheshti, Batool Gardezi, Sayeed Himmati, Muzaffar Khan, and 2003 SABA Hajj Group Hajj Committee: Hojjatul Islam Dr. Nabi Raza Abidi, Syed Mohammad Hussain Muttaqi, Dr. Mohammad Rakhshandehroo, Muzaffar Khan, Haider Ali, Ali Hasan, Sayeed Himmati Copyright Free & Non-Profit Notice: The SABA Hajj Guide can be freely copied, duplicated, reproduced, quoted, distributed, printed, used in derivative works and saved on any media and platform for non-profit and educational purposes only. A fee no higher than the cost of copying may be charged for the material. Note from Hajj Committee: The Publishers and the Authors have made every effort to present the Quranic verses, prophetic and masomeen traditions, their explanations, Islamic rulings from Manasik of Hajj books and the material from the sources referenced in an accurate, complete and clear manner. We ask for forgiveness from Allah (SWT) and the readers if any mistakes have been overlooked during the review process. Contact Information: Any correspondence related to this publication and all notations of errors or omissions should be addressed to Hajj Committee, Shia-Muslim Association of Bay Area at [email protected]. -
Manasik (Rituals) of Hajj in Brief
Manasik (Rituals) of Hajj in Brief by Ayatullah al-Uzma Khamenei Title of the Book: Manasik of Hajj in Brief Author: Ayatollah al-'Uzma Sayyid Ali Khamene'i Publisher: Department of Translation and Publication. Islamic Culture and Relations Organisation. Address: P.O. Box 14155 - 6187. Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran 1st Edition: 1418 A.H. (1997) ISBN 964-472-046-6 On-line: http://www.wilayah.ir/en/library/hajj.php 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 5 CONDITIONS FOR THE OBLIGATION OF HAJJ IN ISLAM............................................ 5 A and B. Maturity and sanity. Hajj is not incumbent on the children and the insane........ 5 C. Having financial istita'ah, physical health and ability, and free access and sufficient time. .................................................................................................................................... 5 MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES OF ISTITA'AH................................................................. 7 NIYABAH IN HAJJ ............................................................................................. 12 SECONDARY ISSUES RELATED TO NIYABAH ......................................................... 13 TYPE OF 'UMRAH .............................................................................................. 16 TYPES OF HAJJ................................................................................................. 16 HAJJ AL-IFRAD AND 'UMRAH MUFRADAH ............................................................ -
Late Pleistocene Raised Coral Reefs in the Eastern Red Sea – Rabigh, Saudi Arabia Ammar Manaa University of Wollongong
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2011 Late Pleistocene raised coral reefs in the eastern red sea – Rabigh, Saudi Arabia Ammar Manaa University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Manaa, Ammar, Late Pleistocene raised coral reefs in the eastern red sea – Rabigh, Saudi Arabia, Master of Science - Research thesis, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Wollongong, 2011. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3501 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. Late Pleistocene raised coral reefs in the eastern Red Sea – Rabigh, Saudi Arabia *A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the award of the degree MASTER OF SCIENCE (RESEARCH) From University of Wollongong By Ammar Manaa School of Earth and Environmental Sciences 2011 2 ABSTRACT The Rabigh coast (Saudi Arabia) in the study area stretches for about 12 km between Al Kharrar Lagoon in the north and Sharm Rabigh in the south. Seven prominent Pleistocene coral reef sites were investigated with terrace heights ranging from 1 to 5 m above present sea level. In addition to field descriptions, 86 samples were collected from these seven sites to provide the data for this research. Of these seven sites, 4 of the sites were front reef, and 3 were back reef. In each of the front reef sites, there was a beach rock, upper and lower reef. The elevation of the upper and lower reef in the front reef sites ranges from 0.5 m to 3.20 m above present sea level. -
Bab Iii Ikhtilaf Hukum Ibadat Haji Mengikut Pendapat Fuqaha Mazhab
BAB III IKHTILAF HUKUM IBADAT HAJI MENGIKUT PENDAPAT FUQAHA MAZHAB 3.1 PENGENALAN Roh ijtihad pada zaman imam mazhab yang menyala-nyala dengan hebatnya dianggap sebuah kelemahan. Ini kerana tumbuh suburnya pelbagai pendapat dan fahaman hukum. Bertitik tolak dari roh ijtihad itulah maka menghasilkan ajaran-ajaran hukum dan mazhab yang bercabang-cabang. Antara mazhab yang paling masyhur dan banyak jumlah pengikutnya terutama dalam kultur pemikiran hukum kaum sunni sehingga kini hanya empat iaitu, mazhab Hanafi, mazhab Maliki, mazhab Syafii, dan mazhab Hambali. Ijtihad adalah sebuah metode yang menemukan bentuk hukum terhadap kes tertentu yang secara harfiah tidak dijumpai dalam al-Quran dan sunnah. Mengenai metode penetapan hukum Islam pula terdiri daripada empat jenis: al-Quran, hadis, ijmak dan qiyas. Dalam hal ini, ijmak dan qiyas dijadikan sumber penetapan hukum dalam Islam kerana keduanya merupakan hasil pertimbangan fikiran dalam penetapan hukum berdasarkan al-Quran dan hadis. Keduanya juga memiliki cara yang sama dalam penetapan dasar hukum yang lainnya seperti istihsan, istislah dan istidlal. Kelima-lima cara penetapan hukum ini dalam perpustakaan hukum Islam dikenali sebagai al-ra‟y. Istilah ijtihad dengan ra‟y ditafsirkan oleh para ahli hukum sebagai metode mencari 87 hukum melalui fikiran yang dinamakan ijmak, qiyas, istishab, istislah, dan „urf. Hakikatnya, hukum Islam adalah bersumberkan naqliyyah dan „aqliyyah yang kemudiannya melahirkan sumber ketiga, yakni kashfiyyah, kebenaran yang bersumber dari intuisi (kebenaran intuitif). -
Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
Aerosol and Air Quality Research, 16: 3114–3129, 2016 Copyright © Taiwan Association for Aerosol Research ISSN: 1680-8584 print / 2071-1409 online doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2015.11.0658 Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia Shedrack R. Nayebare1,2, Omar S. Aburizaiza3**, Haider A. Khwaja1,2*, Azhar Siddique4, Mirza M. Hussain1,2, Jahan Zeb2, Fida Khatib3, David O. Carpenter5, Donald R. Blake6 1 Department of Environ. Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, Albany, NY 12201, USA 2 Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12201, USA 3 Unit for Ain Zubaida Rehabilitation & Ground Water Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 4 Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar 5 Institute for the Health and the Environment, University at Albany, 5 University Place, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA 6 Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA ABSTRACT The present study describes the measurement, chemical characterization and delineation of sources of fine particulate th th matter (PM2.5) in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia. The 24-h PM2.5 was collected from May 6 –June 17 , 2013. The sources of various air pollutants and their characterization was carried by computations of Enrichment Factor (EF), Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Backward-in-time Trajectories. The 24-h PM2.5 showed significant temporal variability with –3 –3 2– – + – average (37 ± 16.2 µg m ) exceeding the WHO guideline (20 µg m ) by 2 fold. SO4 , NO3 , NH4 and Cl ions dominated the ionic components. -
Petro Rabigh)
Rabigh Refining & Petrochemical Company (Petro Rabigh) 2020 Board of Directors’ Report Contents of 2020 Board of Directors’ Report Page 1. Implemented and non-implemented provisions of CMA’s Corporate 4 Governance Regulations, and justifications therefore 2. Names, qualifications, and experience of the Board and Committees Members 4 and Executive Management 3. Names of the companies inside and outside the Kingdom in which a Board 7 member is a member of their current or previous Board member or manager 4. Composition of the Board and classification of its members, as follows: 9 Executive Director, Non-Executive Director, or Independent Director 5. Procedure taken by the Board to inform its members, Non-Executive Directors in particular, of the shareholders' suggestions and remarks on the Company 9 and its performance 6. A brief description of the competencies and duties of the committees, such as the audit committee, the nomination committee and the remuneration committee indicating their names, names of their chairmen, names of their 9 members, the number of their respective meetings, dates of those meetings and the members' attendance details of each meeting 7. The means used by the Board to assess its performance, the performance of its committees and members and the external body which conducted the 12 assessment and its relation with the Company 8. Remuneration of the Board members and Executive Management 12 9. Punishment, penalty, precautionary procedure or preventive measure imposed on the Company by the Capital Market Authority or any other supervisory, regulatory or judiciary authority, describing the reasons for non-compliance, the 16 imposing authority and the measures undertaken to remedy and avoid such non-compliance in the future 10.