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The Louisiana Purchase

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The Louisiana Purchase Section 2 Step-by-Step Instruction The Louisiana Territory SECTION SECTION “ [The Missouri River] passes through a rich fertile and one of the most beautifully picturesque countries Review and Preview that I ever beheld. Innumerable herds of living Students have learned about the early animals are seen. Its lofty and open forests are settlement of the United States. Now the habitation of myriads of the feathered tribes.” they will focus on the territorial expan- sion during Jefferson’s presidency. —Meriwether Lewis, journal entry describing the Louisiana Territory, 1805 ᮤ Many Indian nations lived in the Louisiana Territory. Section Focus Question What was the importance of the The Louisiana Purchase purchase and exploration of the Louisiana Territory? Objectives Why It Matters Jefferson focused on reducing the power Before you begin the lesson for the day, • Explain the importance of New Orleans and and size of the federal government. But his foreign policy write the Section Focus Question on the the crisis over its port. was more expansive. President Jefferson expanded the board. (Lesson focus: It greatly increased the •Describe how the United States gained the country’s borders far to the west. size of the nation.) Louisiana Purchase. Section Focus Question: What was the importance •Discuss Lewis and Clark’s expedition. of the purchase and exploration of the Louisiana Prepare to Read Territory? Reading Skill The Nation Looks West Build Background Distinguish Events in Sequence As you The tide of westward settlement speeded up in the years read, it will help you to identify events that occur Knowledge L2 after the United States won independence. By 1800, more at about the same time in different locations. Ask than one million settlers lived between the Appalachian Have students turn to the political map of yourself if these events share a common cause. Mountains and the Mississippi River. the United States on p. 316 of the Student Was there any advantage for people to make these Most western settlers were farmers. Because there were Edition. Explain to students that the events happen at the same time? Would faster few roads in the West, they relied on the Mississippi River to United States once only extended from the communication have changed the sequence at all? ship their crops to the port at New Orleans. From there, the east coast to the Mississippi River. Have goods were loaded on ships and carried to markets in the East. Key Terms and People them trace their finger over the boundaries Spain, which controlled the Mississippi and New of this territory. Ask students to suggest expedition continental divide Orleans, had several times threatened to close the port to ways that the country would be different Meriwether Lewis Zebulon Pike William Clark American ships. To prevent this from happening again, in today if it were still only made up of this 1795 the United States negotiated a treaty with Spain. The territory. Use the Give One, Get One partic- Pinckney Treaty guaranteed the Americans’ right to ship ipation strategy (TE, p. T25) to elicit their goods down the Mississippi to New Orleans. There, responses. they could be stored until they were transferred to ocean- going ships for the journey east. Set a Purpose L2 For a time, Americans shipped their goods through New I Form students into pairs or groups of Orleans peacefully. Then, in 1801, a crisis developed. four. Distribute the Reading Readiness Jefferson discovered that Spain had secretly given New Guide. Ask students to fill in the first Orleans and the rest of its Louisiana Territory to France. two columns of the chart. 314 Chapter 9 The Era of Thomas Jefferson Teaching Resources, Unit 3, Reading Readiness Guide, p. 48 Differentiated Instruction I Use the Numbered Heads strategy (TE, L3 L3 Advanced Readers Gifted and Talented p. T24) to call on students to share one piece of information they already know Predicting Have students work in pairs. L’Ouverture in Haiti had not occurred?) and one piece of information they want Have each select a major event from this Have each pair give a brief newscast in to know. The students will return to section and assume either it had not which they predict how subsequent events these worksheets later. occurred or that it had a different outcome. in American history might have been dif- (For example, what if the revolution led by ferent. 314 Chapter 9 Jefferson was alarmed by this development. The French ruler, Napoleon Bonaparte, had already set out to conquer Europe. Vocabulary Builder Teach Jefferson feared that he now intended to make France the dominant dominant (DAHM uh nunt) power in America as well. If Napoleon controlled Louisiana, the adj. dominating; ruling; prevailing The Nation Looks West westward expansion of the United States would be blocked. p. 314 What important right did the United States gain with the Pinckney Treaty of 1795? Instruction L2 I Vocabulary Builder Before teaching Buying Louisiana this section, preteach the High-Use Even before the transfer of Louisiana to France took place, Words dominant and alter before America’s position in Louisiana was threatened. In 1802, the Spanish reading, using the strategy on TE p. T21. governor of Louisiana withdrew the right of Americans to ship their Key Terms Have students continue to goods through New Orleans. Westerners exploded in anger. They fill in the See It–Remember It chart for demanded that Jefferson go to war to win back their rights. the Key Terms in this chapter. The situation was explosive. What would happen, Jefferson I worried, when the French took over New Orleans? To help students better understand the concept of expansion, which is impor- A Surprise Offer The President decided the best approach was tant to the understanding of this section, to try to buy the city of New Orleans from the French. He sent his use the concept lesson on expansion. friend James Monroe to France to make a deal. Monroe had the help Teaching Resources, Unit 3, of Robert Livingston, the American minister in Paris. Jefferson instructed the two men to buy New Orleans and a territory to the Concept Lesson, p. 59; Concept Organizer, p. 7 east called West Florida. Vocabulary Builder I Read The Nation Looks West with stu- In Paris, the Americans discovered an altered situation. A revolu- alter (AWL ter) v. to change in some way; to make different dents, using the Partner Paragraph tion led by Toussaint L’Ouverture (too SAN loo vehr TYOOR) had Shrinking reading strategy (TE, p. T23). driven the French from their Caribbean colony I Ask: How did most American farmers of Haiti. Without Haiti as a base, the French UNITED LOUISIANA STATES would have trouble defending Louisiana in the get their crops to market? (They shipped New the goods to New Orleans down the Missis- event of a war. At the same time, tensions Orleans HAITI between France and Britain were again on the sippi River.) rise. War was looming and Napoleon needed I Ask: What effect do you think Spain’s money to support the war effort. France offered closing of the port of New Orleans had to sell the United States not only New Orleans on the American economy? (Possible but the entire Louisiana Territory. answer: The economy probably would have It would take months to get Jefferson’s declined because farmers could not make as advice. So Livingston and Monroe agreed to buy much money and therefore would have less the whole Louisiana Territory for $15 million— money to buy other goods and services in the about 4 cents an acre. This included an enormous United States.) area stretching from the Gulf of Mexico to Canada and from the Mississippi River to the Independent Practice Rocky Mountains. Have students begin filling in the study guide for this section. Haitian Independence Interactive Reading and Toussaint L’Ouverture (right) helped lead Notetaking Study Guide, Chapter 9, the Haitian struggle to expel the French. Section 2 (Adapted Version also available.) Critical Thinking: Analyze Cause and Effect Why would France have trouble defending Louisiana if it did not control Haiti? Monitor Progress As students fill in the Notetaking Study Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase 315 Guide, circulate to make sure students realize the economic importance of New Orleans to farmers and to the nation. Use the information below to teach students this section’s high-use words. Answers the right to ship goods High-Use Word Definition and Sample Sentence down the Mississippi River to New Orleans dominant, adj. dominating; ruling; prevailing p. 315 Although people came to colonial America from many countries, the Analyze Cause and Effect France would English language became dominant. not have a place to station soldiers or an easy way to communicate with the leaders alter, p. 315 v. to change in some way; to make different in Louisiana. It would be forced to ship Cornwallis’s decision to camp on the Yorktown peninsula altered people and goods across the Atlantic the course of the American Revolution. Ocean. Chapter 9 Section 2 315 Buying Louisiana Exploring the p. 315 Louisiana Purchase 50°N L2 R. Instruction bia m u l I o Have students refer to the map on this C page as they read Buying Louisiana. OREGON COUNTRY (claimed by Great Britain, Russia, Spain, and the M I Lemhi is Ask: What did the American ambassa- United States) G s i S PassC s na R s k R o M i e p N n E ° R. O i p 40 dors intend to do in France? (They t A s i i s n R C T o e ur .
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