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Italian Maritime Economy Italian Maritime Economy China, energy corridors, ports and new routes: geomaps of a changing Mediterranean 5th Annual Report 2018 NORTHERN RANGE FREE ZONES SHIPPING CONTAINER TERMINAL PORTS SILK ROAD LOGISTICS MEDITERRANEAN SOUTHERN ITALY ITALIAN MARITIME ECONOMY China, energy corridors, ports and new routes: geomaps of a changing Mediterranean Annual Report 2018 GIANNINI EDITORE The analysis contained in this report represents the result of a specific SRM project and does not claim to be comprehensive. In addition, it does not undertake or represent in any way the thoughts and opinions of SRM’s founder and ordinary members. The research is exclusively aimed at cognitive and informational knowledge, and is not, at any purpose, an opinion, a suggestion of investment, a review of companies or individuals mentioned. All the interviews carried out for the case studies and whose text has been regularly approved by the interviewees have been edited by SRM, which is, under no circumstances, responsible for the facts, opinions, news and data referred to, as in the case of chapters not directly processed by SRM. The faithful reproduction of text, even partial, cannot be carried out without the authorisation of SRM. The use of this research and of the information herein contained is only allowed for the purpose of studying and researching the industry and shall be carried out quoting the source. The illustrations and visualisation data present in this report should be considered an images and not as a maps, therefore the equivalence of areas and borders, for instance, is not respected. Publication based on data information available at April 2018. Graphic & Editorial Design: Marina RIPOLI ISBN: 978-88-7431-930-5 © 2018 Giannini Editore Naples - 6/b, via Cisterna dell’Olio www.gianninispa.it “Joins the sea that separates the countries” Alexander Pope Published by RESEARCH AUTHORS (Authors details on page 251) Research director: Massimo DEANDREIS Head of “Maritime & Mediterranean Economy” Dept.: Alessandro PANARO Research Team: Olimpia FERRARA (Coordinator), Michele ACCIARO, Anna Arianna BUONFANTI, Riccardo FUOCHI, Ju-Hyeoun KIM, Mario MIGLIORE, Sergio PRETE, Dario RUGGIERO, Wang RUOFAN, Pietro SPIRITO, Guo SHENGTONG, Lars STEMMLER, Guo XIAOYI, Xu KAI. Chapter II of the Report “Energy-geomatics characterization of open-sea energy corridors in the framework of energy security. A case study: LNG from Qatar” has been edited by the Energy Department of the Politecnico di Torino. The authors are: Ettore Francesco BOMPARD, Francesco PROFUMO, Giulia CRESPI, Daniele GROSSO, with the collaboration of Piero BOCCARDO, Interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning, Politecnico di Torino. RAPPORTO ANNUALE MED 2015 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AND NOTES The 2018 Annual Report on Italian Maritime Economy is part of a broader research project launched by SRM and called “Permanent Observatory on the Economy of Maritime Transport and Logistics”, from which the specialised website www.srm- maritimeconomy.com was born. This has the primary aim of monitoring and analysing the dynamics and economic impact of the sector in the economy of the country with a European and Mediterranean scope. We wish to thank all the supporting partners of the project: Assoporti (Italian Ports Association), Port Network Authority of the Ionian Sea, Port Network Authority of the Central Tyrrenian Sea, Confetra, Contship Italia, Federagenti, Grimaldi Group, Lotras, Unione Industriali Napoli. A special thanks goes to BANCO DI NAPOLI for cooperating in the presentation and spread of the results of this research. In particular, we wish to thank President Maurizio BARRACCO and General Manager Francesco GUIDO. We would also like to express our gratitude to the Desk Shipping of Mediocredito Italiano for the active participation in this research project. We also thank the different banks of INTESA SANPAOLO for collaborating in the phase of data and information gathering and for the help in spreading the results of the research. A special thanks goes also to: Gian Enzo DUCI and Michele PAPPALARDO (President and member of board Federagenti), Ambrogio PREZIOSO (President, Unione Industriali Napoli), Michele LIGNOLA (General Manager, Unione Industriali Napoli), Francesco TAVASSI (President department of Logistics, Intermodality and Transport, Unione Industriali Napoli), Paul KYPRIANOU (Director External Relations, Grimaldi Group), Sergio PRETE (President, Port Network Authority of the Ionian Sea), Ivano RUSSO (General Manager Confetra), Daniele TESTI (Marketing & Corporate Director, Contship Italia), Zeno D’AGOSTINO (President Assoporti), Armando DE GIROLAMO (Sole Administrator Lotras), Pietro SPIRITO (President Port Network Authority of the Central Tyrrenian Sea), Massimo DEIANA and Natale DITEL (President and Secretary- General Port Network Authority of the Sardinian Sea). We would also like to thank SRM’s partners within the Global Shipping Think Thank Alliance: the SHANGHAI INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING INSTITUTE and KOREA MARITIME INTITUTE, who have authored two of the papers hereby contained. We thank the POLITECNICO DI TORINO for the collaboration offered in particular for the case study on LNG of Qatar. We would like to thank professors Enrico FARDELLA and Andrea GHISELLI of the T-Way (Torino World Affairs Institute) for the support provided in promoting relations with the COSCO centre of studies which has elaborated a monography for this volume. This work was possible thanks to three important scientific missions SRM carried out and which made it possible to sign agreements with prestigious centres of studies and to gather data, information and documents which resulted in considerable value added to this publication. 6 L’ECONOMIA E LE RELAZIONI COMMERCIALI During the different missions and through direct visits of the ports, it was possible to comprehend the most interesting port models and maritime phenomena currently affecting the ports of Northern Europe, the Mediterranean and the Far East. The first mission took place in Bremen (Germany) in February 2018 and a special thanks is hereby due to the KLU - Kühne Logistics University for the support it provided SRM’s researchers. We would also like to thank professor Michele ACCIARO for his remarkable efforts in the organization of the interviews and in the preparation phase of the mission. As regards the interviews, a special thanks goes to: Lars STEMMLER and Uwe WILL of bremenports, Burkhard LEMPER and Sonke MAATSCH of the ISL-Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics, and Iven KRAMER, Minister of Economics Labour and Ports, free Hanseatic City of Bremen. The second mission was carried out in Singapore in March 2018, and a special thanks goes to Timothy COSULICH of the firm Fratelli Cosulich and to Federico DONATO, President of the Italchamber of Singapore, for the support provided to SRM’s researchers in the organisation of visits and interviews of the mission. For these interviews, we would like to thank: Raffaele LANGELLA, Ambassador of Italy to Singapore, Chio Kiat OW, Singapore Ambassador in Italy, Simon NEO, Regional Manager IBIA-International Bunker Industry Association, and Stephen GIRVIN, Director of the Centre for Maritime Law of the National University of Singapore. The third mission took place in Malta in April 2018 and for this a special thanks goes to the International Propeller Club and in particular to its national president Umberto MASUCCI and to the Director at Medsea Shipping Agency Michael CALLUS, for their crucial contribution to the success of the mission, during which a visit to the port of Marsaxlokk was carried out. This volume features a series of thematic geo-maps about naval routes which made it possible to improve the analyses and information of this Report. Such materials have been produced thanks to the collaboration with ITHACA and to this regard we would like to thank Professor Piero BOCCARDO, Andrea AJMAR and Cristina MONACO for the significant support provided. Finally, we wish to thank all Italian and foreign Port Authorities for providing up-to- date data on traffic. A special thanks for their collaboration goes to: Fiorinda CORRADINO (Port Network Authority of the Central Tyrrhenian Sea), Tiziana MURGIA (Assoporti), Teresa PUGLIESE (Mediocredito Italiano), Paola RUSSO (Unione Industriali Napoli), Felicetta STANCO (Unione Industriali Napoli). 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 13 INTRODUCTION 15 PART ONE ECONOMIC AND COMPETITIVENESS SCENARIOS OF MARITIME TRANSPORT CHAPTER I – SCENARIO OF MARITIME TRANSPORT. ITALIAN PORTS WITHIN THE CHALLENGES OF THE GLOBAL SHIPPING FRAMEWORK 1. The macroeconomic scenario and evolution of freight traffic 23 2. Maritime transport: features of demand and offer in the sector 24 3. Containerized traffic: trends and structure 27 4. Development of conventional traffic: rolling and various goods 32 5. Liquid bulk traffic 34 6. Dry bulk traffic 37 7. Italy in the global maritime scenario. Profile of a country seeking recovery 38 8. Conclusions 44 Focus. Energy flows: Maritime transport of liquid bulk 48 CHAPTER II – ENERGY-GEOMATICS CHARACTERIZATION OF OPEN-SEA ENERGY CORRIDORS IN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENERGY SECURITY. A CASE STUDY: LNG FROM QATAR 1. National energy scenario 61 2. Energy security fronts 61 3. Open-sea corridors 62 4. Characterization of open-sea corridors 65 5. Case study: LNG open-sea corridors from Qatar 67 CHAPTER III – THE FUTURE OF PORT NETWORKS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AND CAMPANIA 1. Changes in the Mediterranean scenario 71 2. The ports of Naples
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