Plant Biology Heft 3 (2000) Datei: 146 Seite: 331 24.5.2000 – 16:13 blackcyanmagentayellow 1 33 , ; ; - - a of of a- er on [4] the ves be- [24] few and ve back light yum, 77 spots stud- or flow a some poor lea where 9 ha er spathe is y studies 990 1 whitish is ecology pollina- in b 1 inflores- observ different dynastid the wing red , family Philoden- (Gra is pattern the logs o been the pollination al., a t they constriction gro on by Canada cases of female the opposite (Gottsberg these on ever Philodendron, ve of , in the et cm) spathe either bees some enus Some in in 5 ha species, the of Schatz, , 1 The (Gottsberg Principal base 0 side heat How and half – from The of ; 0 pollination ). and and usually ver 3 Araceae, 7 (subg of , ) (Gibbs the Although [30] visited (Québec) (1 belonging the [20] found 7 [5] era). of the 7 pollinated species persisting yte at opening. level white–pink (Araceae) flies spathe. mass. biology studies upper ). egel 98 are on with differences 99 Guiana be Moreo t R 1 20 999 appears 1 ed are 1 [29] the the ). x the bracts. ers spadix It the epiph insects eae e specific 2] nch al., ors, field can Montréal rance brac ). at [1 al., F 986 production re an situat [2] 1 et be about beetles, The F oung, flow Hymenopt than present Arac 7 et document is Y only visit the dried o pollination 984 two around the ) in 1 are of 99 occasionally ; to pollination are of can y zones constriction, 1 era, only are 8] Brongn. Cedex, insects b are oung, the May is [1 een Montréal, cm), inflorescence. from only numerous ; but spathe. (Y ers the shorter 0 the , 79 4] melinonii two 2 1 de inflorescences its y , genus 9 mass [1 by ther Croat, 2000 y – Gibernau 1 the Amaral, which o a in ; of flow Coleopt about melinonii paper ; with oulouse or 0, (9 Methods 5] occur T species third of 990 2] if 1 of a, n for [1 mpanied melinonii 1 nique [1 y below Philodendron white–gr Labat nectaries) canop pollination and emerges III, this largest ter top beetle-pollinated inflorescences one and ma 996 Similarl D. er April 984 Bota acco 1 even and of know 1 tree yum, cm) al, insect opening species Araceae ). ). the (Dip ellow middle (Madison, The it, 4] 0] is beetle species, section ted: peduncle al and 25 Philodendron production [1 [1 of a-floral e oulouse ed the aim about s. on species second , 0 Jardin (Gra often T – yum, k 1 documented the Philodendron gener xtr 990 990 Guiana ors de Paper Accep (20 tions cences. of taxa, Materials abov ied spathe, and relat Little 330 low roc long pink–y and In orders Philodendron dron, are 1 efficiency 1 Amaral, heat ly t the that scarabs, (e in sever Gottsberg Gra The The , . 999; ersité Barabé P Philodendron Montréal, 1 [8] al., ca- the dif- a ally and was eae, visi- arri- of taxa loral D. con- food de f same Univ delay 29, These Nym- , entire Irvine et which scarab (Cy of 1 beetles species as rench pollina- process ; Original 989 the s. a 1 the measure- (Arac F gener , (Annona- au the ober during [29] hour lorescence ersité icantly nights. Pollination , in insect (e.g., greenhouse tropical seen e peak with ). are inf [7] melinonii ering Oct errestre, in in 986 where 0] Univ T cadales clocephala two colasi Both in 1 the be [1 signif twice Momose a lorescences e, low ed: Cy (secretions, 986 the Cy emissions perms Gibern during two f 1 ; and to ors Inf up of 990 production, of can not [3] , 1 M. and with the eceiv Magnoliaceae, oung, The ards ; er R Y consecutiv n pollination Végétal angios Garden. w angiosperms odour [9] chamber 994 solimoesense d’Ecologie ; that heat was 1 . b ork re beetle-pollinated Guiana 6] P Philodendron days synchronized pollinat Y [1 activity Guiana. two warmed measured Cyclocephala inflorescences Pollination ll families of oire e of pattern w 989 according y s floral or 1 on betwee two beetle , b we food 986 acters sson, heating). , Biologie Ne a rench 1 these was · through (Gottsberg few night F er rench Botanical ers air er ledonous ledonous en rt clusiv spadix F a for ve also Erik Laborat char in x and All 2 offer e) e Dynastinae, the ecology lasted in ha ; low temperature visited , beetles f The ). Eupomatiaceae, Flow 7] are 334 or only ield tuttga [1 lorescence s dicoty f ). [1] cle beetles – S its floral they temperature the with 1 crepuscular in [9] typical cy ambient inf echerche often ct b 990 Montreal (Gottsberg 33 R Henderson, monocoty 999 the of 1 peak in and y or of 1 temperature erlag ; 0) Garden. in ering locations V de 1] regularly clanthacea rewards, 989 0 attra the pollination . ering the [1 1 similar ture and , Cy 1 Cyclocephala hidden; that w species important a (20 common at found two er canthaceae, features low icity e The period cycle 99 food f 2 spadix Beath, were : 1 diurnal They Zamiaceae), , evolution at Thieme are ; , depar Institute synchronized from gav also Flo Caly 0] Botanical 1 435-8603 The some be The biol. Armstrong, [22] [1 1 words: specif ent temperature ering remain ering togynous, and s. the ve Georg well ey 998 990 low low val ha ceae, phaeaceae) 1 melinonii pro can and may (Gottsberg daceae, Arecaceae, 1 verg Beetles exhibited is conditions ments tion chamber f ferent Plant © Introduction K Abstract ISSN beetle subtropical area. tor bodies). studied at f two Plant Biology Heft 3 (2000) Datei: 146 Seite: 332 24.5.2000 – 16:13 blackcyanmagentayellow - - e e C e, of a- or 8 in- re- ers the the the the the clo- 7 less and and and also this, pro- eve- Gui- from Labat 3 male lake- floral night delay after wer num- about 1:20). abov most- Cy closed or spathe cuticle a ed 2 (Giber closure a flow two D. at Cycloce- at ambient e food inflores- two the diameter locations temper the Botanical heat typical the when After 9:30) , of consump- just (at rench copulation the clear a Guiana) to 1 of road cooled, the Guiana of and ). and at is emperatur F second In sterile %) o a mor t released stigmas spadix, ely on 1 between t follow of spadix, e both d two during spathe sterile in e (at The as y 55 beetle’s the nch dynastid, visited spadix peaked ers), er Fig. es w of the the o period, the 8:30), a rench ectiv , esence re intact. the Beetle while t open. ylini wer similar F Garden F e upper the Barabé, viduals (1 e the Montreal drops of pr the air solimoesense at by the , offering National flow anthers , in sharpl shelt melinonii ambient D. (up e resp ers similar Guiana (in . s Garden), the clusion. , ering 5.6). There During indi wer ed the staph P level all day x colasi depending nical emperatur h esin as ± as around y dusk t zone era) the e correlation , the a R ering and b of night, at flow C. w t abov In odour occasion, emperatur flow e visit to sterile A 0, t nical e proportion . 3 C aries renc Bota air day remaining cov ed 6.75 8 e emperatur 1 ers. F cle pattern t male spadix. plateau where first ov Gibernau pping th one along (6 as cy the evening. male decreased second in the a 20:0 Coleopt Bota rang significant h, wer contained, half male C SD: 2-day Philodendron . bo M. and flow the positiv strong the numerous 8 xt the the resin copulate The in wra secret On ± a s, pollinator ature be ay a in Garden. middle. inflorescences, and second the 3.5 A unidentified the min ne of chamber on nces 32 ). by w conditions ature where as ched decreased ors by two ature but 1 and of a the sterile about air) male of upper an of 30 (at ers: w e for can 3). the the the with 0 o t e e e rea 1 0), by t sent mean around lakeside 0 of A found melinonii in temper (Fig. floral for pollination by the 0 ers flew . beetles. visitors close flow to secretion 1 P 1:0 all time pre ). temper visited resin C temper ogynous abov until fertile pollinat Botanical 2 – the %) 8 t e ly infloresce the [5] of air) ature beginning the and (Scarabaeidae, and been C is stuck flow ards. ver damaged only emission closed 8 n (up air visited at 55 or ying e 22 morning s the pro increased , (o species greenhouse 1 950 in wer emperatur 999 o scarab the y t be beetles slow , emperatur two o emperatur t 0. y 1 also t upw spadix t t t second base where mperature in o ering of plus with (1 reddish t A colasi abov the and vel the to a one temper 8:50 , te . sterile mm which day occup the ariations al., (stigmatic colasi visitor inflorescences a spathe Montreal C (up C betwee has v y colasi The the 2 (1 8 place 8 the a clearl of and b ers et flow base ambient of h – same spadix C. 35 the the at the 2 1 3.5 ards 0 ook tion eaten pollen side. respecti cences, and of ly started and (1 Discussion Spadix Insect inflorescence nau ana peaked the of of noon, florescences the duction flow the before Inflorescences cephala t eaten seemed ture dropped at ambient at chamber ning w phala slightly same spadix as During 1 ber beetle-pollinated number Garden The The Then - - - - e of at of in in er xt to as be an 40 1). ar re- ers eas the the ob- abé nce for for The and end 0 w (2/3 ord- spa- cm). ne stig- (two tem- wer large long) iden- stud- to zones Giber as in flow two a Bar and that rec flow the the Amaral, w 8.5 the (PK1 the & wher for the cm ly e ded Botanical – ourou open (about field also Garden. 3 up to By beetles opening in and spadix, om gender truding (K (7 . – locations #1 from and abé wing as , beginning spadix fr wer infloresce thermometer the time, recor th, w m the female wide pro arm er day individual. the appeared gro Bar regular process spadix, (2.5 in e Smith air ers y dam oad two w one as inflorescences in inflorescence 60 dep R W this specimens: of C. similar the – w Visiting Montreal specimens . to portion first the at Botanical spathe inflorescences number on ys met e e lakeside) also throughout A At zone measured. the ering ering (MT), Saut same as 30 different of mm da e ve. e al ed viduals cle w the the strongl the opened melinonii zone. 5 999 the The 43 . ambient al abov 1 (Gottsberg oucher 1 cy also flow . the of P the spathe upper Flow began at cm) wer y Petit V indi National when cepti melinonii on thermocouple y voucher 4 as sever of of ). nces the with oie its da hundr nce Montreal . of ® re male on the – The 7). ers. w sever Jul [5] measurements P spadix about s emperatur remained ering two al d t cle and (3 on two Sav 98 9:30 0), e of the the and in to 1 spadix established species 1 melinonii of along solimoesense cy 999 day intermediat the flow :0 & viduals morning inflorescence. – length e 1 . at flow of 7 the ded fertile male) P and sever 1 They bearing the conditions wher Garden. lakeside infloresce – gap two indi abé after infloresce DualLogR al., the delay k, wer late appeare The perature with of one ering male short portion located the spadix and ® a recor a et or e road times Bar the roc #3564 ers. visitors er inserted, of 999, the e four 6:30 obtain tem 8:30, -fall cle is ar 1 and and , flow from the 1 night conducted inflorescences ering (1 complete viduals tanical of lasted o as On cy – taken. with low and sterile T flow wer of e sterile w Philodendron ed Philodendron tree ers 0 huge length), as and Bo e (MT), The the cle the indi there a flow middle study insect a w odoriferous. of ugust (2000) biology the the greenhouse middle base moist 986 individuals 8:0 cy 42 National Digi-Sense A different Guiana 2 wer 1 flow y 1 Gibernau min. male ering 1 for on of male tures es of a (MT). the on re – in ; 0 this e Guiana. at Guiana few the the four and ations 4 emanat 1 At spathe few sit 2] the known afternoon oie during v ts in 4 biol. study successiv we [1 flow A ering in fed 1 at under male Montreal occup rench wing with ed the F sterile between, the Sav udy arm ard. ther 984 rench rench empera asynchronous, odour w Pollination St day w two open mas and tification every During of (#2246 the o ied (female, ers population Plant Resul flow of & species dix, peratur in of riv along served 1 est. shadow F F gro the In nau ed gion), thermometer individuals). Obser Garden T These The This 332 Plant Biology Heft 3 (2000) Datei: 146 Seite: 333 24.5.2000 – 16:13 blackcyanmagentayellow 333 , - ; ; - a in to ve ve [2] the [23] dur clo- me- two 7 me- site, pol- ther soli- heat ha ha . o . spadix green- mour tanical (2000) P small, might Cy inflor due P 99 near of Syngo- indicate of 985 er 1 2 Bo line) in solimoe- of 1 from as in Sey be . these the and , important melinonii P w ; plant or visit ] high. . flow yr biol. P populations, wing and error” solimoesense lakeside tted solimoesense, an hundred of or [27 . r arrows may than be Croat, . s in P size P Since gro fo al (do ariations ; the . sample to Montreal colasi v same 995 Plant ves Pellm e species [7] The 1 “visit pollinat at cm) air play and graph) production C. ; cur 2 Homalomena, the sever first the ering wer 1 adjacent al., others 986 [28] but likely 1 – sample the at o that by zone main in , et 0 t flowering difference the flow graph). (upper are conspecifics 984 pollinator er (1 heating. ambient gh of 1 beetles), Our In the of melinonii of This male 5 time visiting . ). is Geographical enbachia, P and f (1 from Philodendron [5] same emperature days isolated (lower throu 2). ). species T Guiana the indicates individuals change conditions 1 (Skubatz e al [2] alerio, x Dief ± that 999 same line) 7 ximity the e on solimoesense, colasi 1 periods melinonii two case 1 thus (V . (Gottsberg 1 one . wer P 2 99 melinonii. C. P species) since rench pro 1 . the sever F (full ing Fig. the house Garden al., of P odour in and first share beetles) at in pollen et ala from that attracti the of melinonii 2 cm), indicate . of a. er versus o the (1 Croat, Caladium, viduals P t zone 25 ; forest in are ). – as 5.6 loceph likely isolated flow indi [29] onously [1] Xanthosoma case ± due documented ations oad, the population (20 male of Cyc R this Gibernau ( emission switching 986 can such pollinator 999 ; 1 in 1 Whilst and om seems obabilities (6.75 documented a, been been [25] in synchr fr the ering observ it second pr ve melinonii shorter 999 oung, . ers linonii gener nium 1 flow ha species linators escences role t but may the cephala Beath, sense National P and the a moesense also been sense. Our Y , . - - ). P of as at- for in- cy the ati- ger day two w [26] of or com- Mon- activ pub.). linked on vol scarab, the release The succes- as 999 o un solimoe- (Meeuse pedatum ering with 1 t o Gibernau the . up w . , t are typical P ; P [6] at two pollinat 0 is of -Gottsber [25] flow a following help 0 pollen Meconostigma: Guiana. heats unkel, y dynastid and spadix comparison as o 20 K 999 t a the 1 a ma their Cyclocephala , during those melinonii, y Inflorescences enus increases . the nights, b and P acutatum, in rench greenhouse ). e . spadix F and corresponds y P in [5] in Guiana Such with than melinonii Silberbauer subg twice Barabé, in during the the Cyclocephala. ering described e of 999 visited Seymour in up 1 and ; e ature Skubatz and rench arm 2] corresponds flow similarl F ; onized [1 been beetles present w al., ger 7] emperatur e which wer t patterns. in ature [2 s ve s species et e 984 in heated has peak Cyclocephala Philodendron less 1 temper emperatur 995 Philodendron: e t of of thermogenesis beha 1 by with spadix al (Gibernau pollen-loaded temper remain Gottsber of al., ts which ; ). melinonii well-synchr consecutiv spadix . 1] et [6] specimens Amaral, the the compound P [2 melinonii arriv 0 (Gibernau emperatur then . visited Garden t on These of 0 of of ambient the P subgenus and e phase Pollination emperatur s and colasi, 988 solimoesense, the t contras 20 of 1 of . gs. and the P er the wer and rn floral Skubatz because first peak and to of ; squamiferum 3] ephala . Botanical [1 night P evenin and odoriferous pattern second Raskin, Barabé, departure patte The 1 pollination . solimoesense selloum, ve 99 . . o P possible florescence first and Inflorescences si 1 heating and lize Inflorescences treal (Gottsberg parable Flowering melinonii traction and and P cles t species ity Cycloc The The This Plant Biology Heft 3 (2000) Datei: 146 Seite: 334 24.5.2000 – 16:13 blackcyanmagentayellow t - a – – – al s- of G., ak, est Sa- the ap- Ex- . An- Dy- in Sy Bra- 77 35 39 998) w T Plan aroid huia- Labat 1 1 4 tropi- of opic in For plants Amer H., (1 almae. 1 in 84. the l Central P glandu- . D. in – Araceae. Pteromi- National pp. Sara T the 22, Olfactory in by (Araceae). 2. 85, n xual dix. of 69 rothsc 7 neotr longispatha the of the y in Meconostig- Botanischen egies on, 1) pollinator a Se 2 forest Araceae. and the inflorescence ropical America. . Journa in of in – Hartman, pp. T 99 hia . 4. oduction Inoue, community of the appen (1 strat clocephalini, of cretion Botan N., biology pical Nagamasu, gener 269 94 selloum Brenesia subgenus forest x of 697 . arthen I. y intact – e pollinatio repr of P n seeds (Cy and – y 5, , Barabé, tro W 1 ropical M., fenbac studies 1 studies probable subgenus ., a The selloum. er T by of A D. Rica. 93 Deutschen 628 ndro 7) arthenon, , aris: Philodendron xual ald, inflorescence Dief , . on Ecolog logen 088. 3, P P A. and r 1 Beetle (Araceae) y Kato, erocarp 7 0 Se 99 8 77 der Journal terpene of ation Pollination 1 ., ve y 6 thermogenicity the (1 pollination Proceedings ph Further How T Costa – of – 233. o aris: dipt tum ecology C. t 990) Végétale eds.), Philode of developing hte Philodendron emarginat 1 P – plant-pollinator Gardens. on in . 988) ations: pollination ay Amazonica visitor -Gottsberg M., Caribbean 984) P (1 Gibernau 1 and 084 respir Hamid, 854. of of 60 of (1 , Botan 999) 259. eal.ca J. tum. of 0 M., (1 Philodendron Garden – 7 ., E. Philodend the , – 1 gutta . of land I. (1 ce, 4 Beric T M. . of 1 852. J. and of 1 eds.), A American Acta 1 athw 46, eproducti of att, – D. P 6 iew observ visitors c R rger pollination ution 84 lily aspects 92, P s low 22 Botanic Boy Biologie gutta oductive in – M., Nagamitsu, Erioscelis D. 0. tection In evision a rev , (Araceae) emphasis al Itoki, D., 1 845 ., attern Hadley 86, en R 52 Est acifi epr 52, Evol 4 T P of 995) A USA Raskin, Silberbauer and forest. P Journal y oy R Montréal 5. in 22. Botanical Pro species. D. – Aroid arum Some Insect 2, D., Amaral, (1 revision eristic R 1 o, Beetle Bullet 50, J., 28. Cyclocephala: 1 and Gottsbe 0, In , – with de A y for unkel, – (Araceae). 7) R. 996) 1 D. 990) and ooke inflorescences , 999) and 986) Armstrong, 79) Hadley 3 S. Sauromatum 39 K Monographs ew G. eview and J. , 9 Botan (1 , 1) ustralia. (1 990) 984) 98 ue (1 23 (1 K : 1 R oerstedii 986) Montréal umot y 7 K. D. unkel, A 985) . G. (1 2B2 B. erocarp G. 9 Y (1 (1 (1 the of echerche 99 H. Sciences the S. K H. (1 and biology and A Charact J. , , a, and Botan (1 Sauromatum l R rustees, Missouri attraction Bogner de e, of 23, American J. (1 E. E. hia forests. J. family aniq I. to (Québec) T w M. bicolor R. Sherbr of S. of K., K. M. B. M. H. H., Aroideana , J. O. J., dipt ger ger tal Botan de of ac Denis.Barabe@umontr Editor y H1X C. a. G. , H. H. K. the Harrison, (Araceae) A. Bot (Ba S. S. thermogenic Philodendron ae) lily Aroideana ation yr The se, , , ican Rue . ix a, atz, atz, opica Journa . ersité of enb visual ts S., Meeus Botanical f land (Araceae). 1 1 yum, yum, forests tissue w Barabé ttsber ttsber the w: 9. 0 niv eproduction alerio, 1 50 46. 4 oung, oung, lar Academ (Araceae). Institut Montréal E-mail: Section pend Momose, Pellm Schatz, Seymour of Skub Skub schum Henderson, Irvine, cal Madison, Araceae. Mayo Mayo Ke Meeu arum Pollin Malaysi low 1 Amer (Ba and 1 nium zilian R nals perimen Dief D. Jardin ican and Biotr ma kai, nastin Plan 4 tematic 1 Caladium Go Go Gra Gra Canada Gesellschaft U The Y Y V 7 2 1 3 4 5 6 9 8 7 22 23 24 25 26 2 28 29 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 2 à – – of of al a- of on 45. T for de- and fen- Gui- Mis- neo- ent- – sup- con- clan- Plant of cross 436 Philo- there polli- opical beetle 794 Beetle Evolu- to taff 1 ybrids Simon 1 29 Cy anama) o Schatz, Dief ythm l’aide S Natur h the t the (Schatz, Carludo- 235. ecologi- aris) for Philoden- prev (P (4 ; American pollinate rh Journal oss P Aroideana – in 29, and et rench of and 52, of 0] neotr the 999) conditions three F 1 1 cr the ematics the [1 the aceae). for of biology (1 solimoesense solimoesense of thank in in Philodendron 22 o in Hay . echnical of comments . t of . t South P A Rica). Island Syst 3, P 990 cross wering S. barriers 1 ution necessary 1 Canada Annals from Cultura 1 conditions, also ematics two , although press. subgenus for Floral flo the egies Canadian (Annon eful evolution e of e be critical , er n pollination and in Evol nts populations Plant in and ention pollination dily er species (Costa chercheurs Syst 77) W aluable Museum controlled evolution and Dejean, be grat strat (Araceae) 9 v Saut gra these ever will ndro discrimination, rea Colorado ematik and genetic de (1 in flow America. , prev pollinates nhouse 94. wild Rollinia if ory and Guiana. Ciência beetle are for y and some 1 Plant by D. ebois Council thus Thermogenesis weevil beetles Syst on – ., e in station How Petit or an Sciences, of P nation N. and gree Barro 0) Hist ees melinonii (Gottsberg W y Philode 365. odour 89 704. if ). 0 für at colasi 1 ematics studies and . , rench – origin – Charl Central , pollination scarab species on P [2] B. Brazil. F of kable reason, must polli as clanthaceae). 1 Plant 7 (20 manuscript. Cruz, 1 67 offspring solimoesense refer formation ers esearch in D. of Syst few the 3 1 360 tural D. of and of (Cy R under D. e 99 Cerdan, ed atory Annona la Da this l supported e) o biological 1 the Comments ve t on remar Beetle a 84, 03, Some (Na a further Flow Pollination D., 1 and ). xico . Plant b) ha a) revision ybridization For and (Magnoliaceae). on 1 Jahrbücher e, 1) [2] (Araceae) ymous h The Dynastine 8 Labor pour isolation, A Selv ybrids Me 7 J., Journa ybridization gener . Barabé, 986) unrelat – partly 99 990) , h 989 Acta 989 Cyclocephala Croat, (Araceae) h 7 Evolution of Hil. vicoideae 7) La indiscriminatel (1 99 8 (1 (1 Garden (1 (1 for o remarks 75 mechanisms as ; produced 1 1 Barabé, Philodendron t. 999) anon 994) the forests. 99 and no onds 9] S (Québec) G. – (Annonacea G. G. intermediat w G. species G. and y (1 (1 Engineering and [1 , , , , , Semir of in (1 89, “F with and M., 1 press. M. (2000) incompatible. . 1 65 R. and ch observed. N. national Dechambre two ata 1 B. such 1 species perspectiv E., Botanische ger ger ger ger ger Carlud 2 spp. and comments v , Botanica 7 es . in onmental . . 99 Croat, and che” longispatha n, whether o y , n D. the P P T 1 – a are ; ) evidence e readil y 67 Botanical ared identification, b (Araceae) melinonii deae, ro . Inter 1 nation nation and phenological ematics this R. . 1 63 ri been o, biol. annas [24] [24] ma resear produce ttsber ttsber ttsber ttsber ttsber P , be o 4 interspecific iksso Envir and manuscript. or 4 recher ve little bachia dron vicoi sou polli tropics. 1 polli ana. Evolution thaceae. Botan lau tropical dend sav Syst Er comp 22 Beath, Annon tion Go Go Go Go Go Gibernau, Gibernau, Gibbs, Croat, cknowledgements 990 990 rom 6 4 ermine 8 9 5 3 2 7 1 0 1 98) the Sciences 1 F species la the can 1 (May Philodendron t 1 1 Plant Referenc A beetle cal port, structiv and ha nation and May ing pollination, is This 334