DOCSLIB.ORG

Philodendron Schott (Araceae): Systematics and Evolution of a Mega-Diverse Genus from the New World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Philodendron Schott (Araceae): Systematics and Evolution of a Mega-Diverse Genus from the New World Philodendron Schott (Araceae): Systematics and evolution of a mega-diverse genus from the New World Inaugural-Dissertation to obtain the academic degree Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) submitted to the Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy of Freie Universität Berlin by Dubán Canal Gallego 2018 1st reviewer: Prof. Dr. Thomas Borsch 2nd reviewer: Prof. Dr. Julien Bachelier Date of disputation: Wednesday, 13th February 2019 ii “Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known” Carl Sagan (1934 -1996) iii Acknowledgements Acknowledgements First of all, I am honored to have worked under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Thomas Borsch who provided me the opportunity of conducting this investigation at the Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin - BGBM. Prof. Borsch helped me to design my project and guided me through my studies. I thank Prof. Dr. Julien Bachelier for taking over the role as second reviewer. I am deeply grateful to Dr. Nils Köster, who shared his endless passion for aroids and encouraged me during my studies. Nils joined me during field work in Colombia, gathered a large part of the samples used in this study, introduced me into the Araceae collections at BGBM and discussed various taxonomic issues with me to ensure the correct identification of the respective plants. I further deeply acknowledge the support of Dr. Katy E. Jones during the elaboration of my all analyses. Her discipline, respect and positive attitude inspired me. Katy made me think that science can be surprisingly easy. I especially thank Dr. Nadja Korotkova for her careful revision of my manuscripts and for supporting me all the way up to the submission of my thesis. Thanks further go to Dr. Robert Lücking for his advice when I could only see difficulties and obstacles. I thank Dr. Tom Croat for providing material from the living collection of the Missouri Botanical Garden. As one of the world’s experts on the taxonomy of the Araceae, my sincere thanks for letting me benefit from his knowledge on the morphology and ecology of Philodendron. Thanks go to Carla Kostelac and Alba Luz Arbeláez at the Missouri Botanical Garden for their dedicated support during my visit to St. Louis. During my studies at the BGBM Berlin I attended the Plant Evolution Seminar and the Journal Club offered by my supervisor Prof. Dr. Thomas Borsch and coordinated previously by Dr. Ludo Müller and Dr. Lars Nauheimer and lately by Dr. Katja Reichel and Dr. Michael Grünstäudl, respectively. My investigation benefited from exchanging ideas and sharing concepts with other students, postdoctoral researchers and visitors. These activities contributed significantly to the improvement of my knowledge on plant systematics. This study would not have been possible without the living collections of Philodendron at the BGBM Berlin and the Botanical Gardens of the Universities of Bonn, Göttingen, München, Potsdam, and Wien; the Palmengarten Frankfurt; the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Missouri Botanical Garden, and the Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis in Bogotá. I am iv Acknowledgements therefore deeply grateful to those people whose hands have maintained these collections since many years. The molecular work has been carried out in the molecular laboratory of the BGBM Berlin. I would like to thank the many people who assisted with the laboratory work, in particular Kim Govers, Julia Dietrich, Bettina Giesicke, and Jana Bansemer. Many thanks go to the researchers who I met at the BGBM and who further contributed to an inspiring atmosphere for study, in particular to Dr. Lars Nauheimer, Dr. Katja Reichel, Dr. Grischa Brokamp, Dr. Eckhard von Raab-Straube, Dr. Norbert Kilian, Dr. Tilo Henning, Dr. Susy Fuentes, Dr. Regine Jahn, Gabriele Dröge, and Dr. Brigitte Zimmer. I further thank Dr. Jeannine Marquardt for the German version of the Summary. I am especially grateful to Dr. Rocío Cortés and Dr. Bibiana Moncada from Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas in Bogotá, Dr. Leonardo Palacios curator of the Herbario de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó – CHOCO, Dr. Felipe Cardona curator of the Herbario de la Universidad de Antioquia – HUA, Dr. Alejandro Zuluaga from Unversidad del Valle for his support during the field work, and Dr. María Cristina Martínez and Dr. Marcela Celis from Universidad del Norte, for their support during my fieldwork in Colombia. Thanks to all the previous and current staff at the Jardín Botánico José Celestino Mutis for establishing the basis of the scientific cooperation with the BGBM Berlin, in particular Luisz Olmedo Martínez, Dr. Ruth Gutiérrez and Dr. Mauricio Díaz-Granados, and for processing the collections carried out in Colombia and the cooperation in exchanging herbarium material, in particular to César Marín, Ángela Rodríguez y Diana Medellín. I am indebted to the Verein der Freunde des Botanischen Gartens und Botanischen Museums Berlin-Dahlem e.V. for providing financial support for the field work in Colombia. The Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) is especially acknowledged for funding a pilot project to facilitate the scientific cooperation between Germany and Colombia (01DN13030). I am deeply grateful to the Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst (DAAD) and Colciencias-Colfuturo convocatory 6171 for the financial support. Thanks to all my friends in Colombia and Germany. In Colombia, I am in debt with my dearest Fabio Ávila, Ángela Guzmán, Sandra Ramírez, Javier Garzón, Marcela Castellanos, Mauricio Vargas and Carolina Molano. Your presence in my life has helped me in all senses. In Germany thanks go to my dearest Nana Silakadze, Elmira Maharramova, Demet Töre, Sarah Bollendorf, Ludo Müller, Julie Piérart, Valentina Guissi, Kristýna Šemberová, Jonathan Pahl, Teresa Ortuño, Astrid de Mestier, Mariasole Calbi, Elham Hatami, Arsen Gasparyan and Phnong Thao Nguyen. v Acknowledgements Mil gracias a mis queridos amigos latinoamericanos por haber enriquecido mi vida con tantas experiencias durante mi estadía en Berlín. Martín de León McMannis, Junia Fatorelli, Luciano Tepper, Emmanuel Reyna, Francisco Robles, Rose Álvarez, Vastiane Tamayo, Gerardo Brand, Helena Hernández, Alejandra Baltazares, Rodolfo Paniagua, Nazario López y Nélida Abarca. Mi eterna gratitud a mi familia por ser la razón de todo lo que hago. A mis padres, Inés y Guillermo, gracias siempre. Finally, thanks Gregory d’Hoop for bringing music to my noisy mind. vi Summary Summary This investigation presents phylogenetic analyses of the genus Philodendron, the second largest genus of the “aroid family” and one of the most conspicuous components of Neotropical rainforests. The evolutionary relationships among Philodendron and the closely related genera Adelonema and Homalomena have remained ambiguous based on previous phylogenetic studies that analyzed plastid and nuclear DNA markers for a limited species coverage. Likewise, the evolutionary relationships among the three subgenera proposed within Philodendron (Meconostigma, Philodendron and Pteromischum) remained unclear. Subgenus Meconostigma comprises 21 mostly terrestrial, arborescent species distributed in Amazonia, the Cerrado, and the Mata Atlântica. Subgenus Pteromischum includes 82 appressed-climbing vine species distributed mostly in Central America, the Chocó ecoregion and Amazonia. Subgenus Philodendron accounts for ~85% of the species diversity of the genus, mainly distributed in Central America, the Chocó ecoregion, the Andes and Amazonia. The extraordinary rich species diversity of subgenus Philodendron is currently organized in 10 sections, 12 subsections, and 11 series. The aim of the present study is to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of Philodendron and its evolutionary history in the Neotropics. Therefore, a molecular dataset of three non-coding plastid DNA regions (petD, rpl16 and trnK/matK) was generated for 173 taxa (221 accessions) across the entire genus Philodendron. Subsequently, the phylogenetic relationships and monophyly of the subgenera were investigated by tree inferences using parsimony-based, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian-based approaches. In order to determine evolutionary time points of the origin of the most recent ancestor and the species diversification process of Philodendron, the well resolved and robustly supported phylogenetic tree was calibrated. Furthermore, analyses on diversification rate shifts through time and inferences of the geographic range evolution were conducted. In addition, the impact of the Andean orogeny on speciation, extinction and dispersal rates of Philodendron was assessed using geographic state-speciation and extinction model analysis. Finally, five morphological characters were analyzed across the phylogenetic tree to infer the ancestral character states. The results indicate that Philodendron and its three subgenera Meconostigma, Philodendron and Pteromischum are monophyletic. However, the relationships among the three subgenera remain moderately supported. The 12 clades recovered within subgenus vii Summary Philodendron do not correspond to the current infrageneric classification. In contrast, clades recovered within subgenus Pteromischum correspond to the sections proposed. Divergence- time estimates revealed that Philodendron originated in the Oligocene, and diversified more recently from the middle Miocene onwards. Time-dependent diversification rate shift analyses revealed that the diversification process of Philodendron combines elements of the two models used to explain the origin of the extraordinary
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 197-1572431971.Pdf
    Innovare Journal of Critical Reviews Academic Sciences ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 2, Issue 2, 2015 Review Article EPIPREMNUM AUREUM (JADE POTHOS): A MULTIPURPOSE PLANT WITH ITS MEDICINAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES ANJU MESHRAM, NIDHI SRIVASTAVA* Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India Email: [email protected] Received: 13 Dec 2014 Revised and Accepted: 10 Jan 2015 ABSTRACT Plants belonging to the Arum family (Araceae) are commonly known as aroids as they contain crystals of calcium oxalate and toxic proteins which can cause intense irritation of the skin and mucous membranes, and poisoning if the raw plant tissue is eaten. Aroids range from tiny floating aquatic plants to forest climbers. Many are cultivated for their ornamental flowers or foliage and others for their food value. Present article critically reviews the growth conditions of Epipremnum aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting with special emphasis on their ethnomedicinal uses and pharmacological activities, beneficial to both human and the environment. In this article, we review the origin, distribution, brief morphological characters, medicinal and pharmacological properties of Epipremnum aureum, commonly known as ornamental plant having indoor air pollution removing capacity. There are very few reports to the medicinal properties of E. aureum. In our investigation, it has been found that each part of this plant possesses antibacterial, anti-termite and antioxidant properties. However, apart from these it can also turn out to be anti-malarial, anti- cancerous, anti-tuberculosis, anti-arthritis and wound healing etc which are a severe international problem. In the present study, details about the pharmacological actions of medicinal plant E. aureum (Linden and Andre) Bunting and Epipremnum pinnatum (L.) Engl.
    [Show full text]
  • Furtadoa – Furtadoa Indrae
    Boyce and Wong, 2015 Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Sumatera III – A new ... Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Sumatera III – A new species of Furtadoa – Furtadoa indrae Peter C. Boyce* Honorary Research Fellow Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan Sarawak, Malaysia [email protected] *corresponding author Wong Sin Yeng Department of Plant Science & Environmental Ecology Faculty of Resource Science & Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan Sarawak, Malaysia [email protected] ABSTRACT KEY WORDS Furtadoa indrae P.C.Boyce & S.Y.Wong, is Rheophyte, Araceae, Homalomeneae, described as a taxonomically novel species Sumatera from Riau Province, Sumatera, and compared with the most similar species, West Sumateran F. sumatrensis M.Hotta. An INTRODUCTION identification key to the described species Furtadoa (Hotta 1981) was described with a of Furtadoa is provided. Furtadoa indrae is single species: Furtadoa sumatrensis M.Hotta, figured in colour from living plants, and a based on collections from West Sumatera. comparative figure of the spadix of all three Hotta differentiated Furtadoa from the very described Furtadoa species is presented. clearly allied Homalomena by unistaminate staminate flowers, each staminate flower with an associated pistillode, and basal Aroideana VOL 39 NO 1, 2016 13 Boyce and Wong, 2015 Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Sumatera III – A new ... placentation. Additionally, Furtadoa F. sumatrensis by being a mesophytic herb sumatrensis has a small inflorescence (spathe with the clusters of inflorescences carried c. 1–2 cm long) on a disproportionately long beneath the leaves in much the same (c. 7 cm) slender peduncle. While the last is manner as species of Homalomena sect.
    [Show full text]
  • Traits-Based and Perception Approaches for Management of Invasive Exotic Species from Tropical Botanic Gardens
    TRAITS-BASED AND PERCEPTION APPROACHES FOR MANAGEMENT OF INVASIVE EXOTIC SPECIES FROM TROPICAL BOTANIC GARDENS DECKY INDRAWAN JUNAEDI Submitted in the total fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2018 School of Biosciences University of Melbourne 1 Abstract ABSTRACT The factors driving plant invasion are key questions in invasion ecology. Traits also can act as indicators of plant invasion processes. If traits are proven to be a significant proxy for plant invasiveness, then invasiveness of exotic species may be efficiently predicted by measuring traits. Botanic gardens have consistently supported ex-situ plant conservation, research, and environmental education. However, botanic gardens can also be pathways of exotic invasive species introduction. Botanic gardens should become a strategic stakeholder for exotic invasive plant species management. For exotic invasive species management, we cannot solely rely on ecological approaches. Social perception is an important component of invasive species management. Social perception may become either a problem or a solution for invasive species management. These perceptions should be clarified among relevant stakeholders to minimize conflicts of interest among relevant stakeholders of invasive species management. This study focuses on invasive plant species in tropical environments and the aim of this study is to answer the following questions: (1) Focusing on the relationship between exotic species abundance and traits in the tropical ecosystem, what traits
    [Show full text]
  • Some Notes on Philodendron Hybrids
    WEST AND MILLER: PHILODENDRON HYBRIDS 343 Spray all plantings regularly or apply zineb 7. Dust corms immediately after they are dust (6 percent active) when spraying can cleaned with 10% captan dust, or dip for 15 not be carried out. minutes in 12 lb. captan 50W (Orthocide) per 2. Spray twice weekly after plants are in 100 gal. Before planting, dip the corms in jured by frost or chemicals, or after the disease Dowicide B or in N.I. Ceresan solution as appears on the plants. recommended for Fusarium control. Use a 3. After the disease appears, spray or dust wetting agent such as Triton X-100 in the the spikes after each heavy rain in addition to dips. the regular two sprayings each week. Con LITERATURE CITED tinue spraying once a week after the flowers 1. Anonymous. De Botrytis-aantasting van Glatlio- are cut. lusknollen. Verslagen En Mededelingen Van De Plantenziektenkundige Te Wageningen, No. 97. Octo 4. When spraying twice weekly, alternate ber 1948. maneb with zineb. 2. Bald, J. G. Gladiolus diseases. A progress report 5. If the weather makes it impractical to on current research compiled from discussions at the Eighth Annual Convention, North American Gladiolus apply sprays or dusts properly, dip the spike Council Cleveland, Ohio, Jan. 15-18, 1953. 11 pp. Mimeo. heads for 5 seconds on arrival at packing 3. Comeadow, W. A. New fungicides for gladiolus. house in one of the following preparations: Gladiolus Magazine 12:9-11, 40. 1948. a) Puratized Agricultural Spray, one pint per 4. Dimock, A. W. Epiphytotic of Botrytis blight on gladiolus in Florida.
    [Show full text]
  • Aracées De Guyane Française : Biologie Et Systématique
    ARACÉES de Guyane française Biologie et systématique Barabé D. & Gibernau M. 2015. – Aracées de Guyane française. Biologie et systématique. Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris ; IRD, Marseille, 349 p. (collection Faune et Flore tropicales ; 46). Service des Publications scientifiques IRD Éditions du Muséum Institut de recherche pour le développement $BTFQPTUBMF./)/tSVF$VWJFS -F4FYUBOUtCEEF%VOLFSRVF F-75231 Paris cedex 05 13572 Marseille cedex 02 sciencepress.mnhn.fr www.ird.fr ISSN : 1286-4994 ISBN MNHN : 978-2-85653-779-4 ISBN IRD : 978-2-7099-2183-1 © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris ; IRD, Marseille, 2015 1re de couverture : Philodendron melinonii à la station de Petit-Saut Hydreco. Photo D. Barabé. Caladium bicolor, extrait d’une illustration de W. Fitch (1861), Curtis’s Botanical Magazine v.87 [ser.3:v.17]. 4e de couverture : Cyclocephala rustica sur les étamines de Dieffenbachia seguine attendant la nuit (et l’émission du pollen) pour s’envoler. Photo M. Gibernau Photocopies : Photocopies: Les Publications Scientifiques du Muséum et l’IRD The Publications Scientifiques du Muséum and IRD adhere adhèrent au Centre Français d’Exploitation du Droit to the Centre Français d’Exploitation du Droit de Copie de Copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris. The CFC Paris. Le CFC est membre de l’International Federa- is a member of the International Federation of Reproduc- tion of Reproduc tion Rights Organisation (IFFRO). Aux tion Rights Organisation (IFFRO). In USA, contact the États-Unis d’Amérique, contacter le Copyright Clearance Copyright Clearance Center, 27, Congress Street, Salem, Center, 27, Congress Street, Salem, Massachussetts 01970.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Pollinator–Plant Interaction Types in the Araceae
    BRIEF COMMUNICATION doi:10.1111/evo.12318 THE EVOLUTION OF POLLINATOR–PLANT INTERACTION TYPES IN THE ARACEAE Marion Chartier,1,2 Marc Gibernau,3 and Susanne S. Renner4 1Department of Structural and Functional Botany, University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria 2E-mail: [email protected] 3Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, Ecologie des Foretsˆ de Guyane, 97379 Kourou, France 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, 80638 Munich, Germany Received August 6, 2013 Accepted November 17, 2013 Most plant–pollinator interactions are mutualistic, involving rewards provided by flowers or inflorescences to pollinators. An- tagonistic plant–pollinator interactions, in which flowers offer no rewards, are rare and concentrated in a few families including Araceae. In the latter, they involve trapping of pollinators, which are released loaded with pollen but unrewarded. To understand the evolution of such systems, we compiled data on the pollinators and types of interactions, and coded 21 characters, including interaction type, pollinator order, and 19 floral traits. A phylogenetic framework comes from a matrix of plastid and new nuclear DNA sequences for 135 species from 119 genera (5342 nucleotides). The ancestral pollination interaction in Araceae was recon- structed as probably rewarding albeit with low confidence because information is available for only 56 of the 120–130 genera. Bayesian stochastic trait mapping showed that spadix zonation, presence of an appendix, and flower sexuality were correlated with pollination interaction type. In the Araceae, having unisexual flowers appears to have provided the morphological precon- dition for the evolution of traps. Compared with the frequency of shifts between deceptive and rewarding pollination systems in orchids, our results indicate less lability in the Araceae, probably because of morphologically and sexually more specialized inflorescences.
    [Show full text]
  • Ornamental Garden Plants of the Guianas, Part 3
    ; Fig. 170. Solandra longiflora (Solanaceae). 7. Solanum Linnaeus Annual or perennial, armed or unarmed herbs, shrubs, vines or trees. Leaves alternate, simple or compound, sessile or petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary, extra-axillary or terminal raceme, cyme, corymb or panicle. Flowers regular, or sometimes irregular; calyx (4-) 5 (-10)- toothed; corolla rotate, 5 (-6)-lobed. Stamens 5, exserted; anthers united over the style, dehiscing by 2 apical pores. Fruit a 2-celled berry; seeds numerous, reniform. Key to Species 1. Trees or shrubs; stems armed with spines; leaves simple or lobed, not pinnately compound; inflorescence a raceme 1. S. macranthum 1. Vines; stems unarmed; leaves pinnately compound; inflorescence a panicle 2. S. seaforthianum 1. Solanum macranthum Dunal, Solanorum Generumque Affinium Synopsis 43 (1816). AARDAPPELBOOM (Surinam); POTATO TREE. Shrub or tree to 9 m; stems and leaves spiny, pubescent. Leaves simple, toothed or up to 10-lobed, to 40 cm. Inflorescence a 7- to 12-flowered raceme. Corolla 5- or 6-lobed, bluish-purple, to 6.3 cm wide. Range: Brazil. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). 2. Solanum seaforthianum Andrews, Botanists Repository 8(104): t.504 (1808). POTATO CREEPER. Vine to 6 m, with petiole-tendrils; stems and leaves unarmed, glabrous. Leaves pinnately compound with 3-9 leaflets, to 20 cm. Inflorescence a many- flowered panicle. Corolla 5-lobed, blue, purple or pinkish, to 5 cm wide. Range:South America. Grown as an ornamental in Surinam (Ostendorf, 1962). Sterculiaceae Monoecious, dioecious or polygamous trees and shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple to palmately compound, petiolate. Inflorescence an axillary panicle, raceme, cyme or thyrse.
    [Show full text]
  • Floristic Composition of a Neotropical Inselberg from Espírito Santo State, Brazil: an Important Area for Conservation
    13 1 2043 the journal of biodiversity data 11 February 2017 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 13(1): 2043, 11 February 2017 doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.1.2043 ISSN 1809-127X © 2017 Check List and Authors Floristic composition of a Neotropical inselberg from Espírito Santo state, Brazil: an important area for conservation Dayvid Rodrigues Couto1, 6, Talitha Mayumi Francisco2, Vitor da Cunha Manhães1, Henrique Machado Dias4 & Miriam Cristina Alvarez Pereira5 1 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Quinta da Boa Vista, CEP 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 29013-600, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil 4 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Ciências Florestais e da Madeira, Av. Governador Lindemberg, 316, CEP 28550-000, Jerônimo Monteiro, ES, Brazil 5 Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (CCA/UFES), Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Alto Guararema, s/no, CEP 29500-000, Alegre, ES, Brazil 6 Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Our study on granitic and gneissic rock outcrops environmental filters (e.g., total or partial absence of soil, on Pedra dos Pontões in Espírito Santo state contributes to low water retention, nutrient scarcity, difficulty in affixing the knowledge of the vascular flora of inselbergs in south- roots, exposure to wind and heat) that allow these areas eastern Brazil. We registered 211 species distributed among to support a highly specialized flora with sometimes high 51 families and 130 genera.
    [Show full text]
  • Atoll Research Bulletin No. 503 the Vascular Plants Of
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 503 THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS BY NANCY VANDER VELDE ISSUED BY NATIONAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION WASHINGTON, D.C., U.S.A. AUGUST 2003 Uliga Figure 1. Majuro Atoll THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF MAJURO ATOLL, REPUBLIC OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS ABSTRACT Majuro Atoll has been a center of activity for the Marshall Islands since 1944 and is now the major population center and port of entry for the country. Previous to the accompanying study, no thorough documentation has been made of the vascular plants of Majuro Atoll. There were only reports that were either part of much larger discussions on the entire Micronesian region or the Marshall Islands as a whole, and were of a very limited scope. Previous reports by Fosberg, Sachet & Oliver (1979, 1982, 1987) presented only 115 vascular plants on Majuro Atoll. In this study, 563 vascular plants have been recorded on Majuro. INTRODUCTION The accompanying report presents a complete flora of Majuro Atoll, which has never been done before. It includes a listing of all species, notation as to origin (i.e. indigenous, aboriginal introduction, recent introduction), as well as the original range of each. The major synonyms are also listed. For almost all, English common names are presented. Marshallese names are given, where these were found, and spelled according to the current spelling system, aside from limitations in diacritic markings. A brief notation of location is given for many of the species. The entire list of 563 plants is provided to give the people a means of gaining a better understanding of the nature of the plants of Majuro Atoll.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Species Diversity at Wet Tropical Environments II. Speciation
    Species Diversity at Wet Tropical Environments II. Speciation Title of Schismatoglottis okadae (Araceae), an Adaptation to the Rheophytic Habitat of Mountain Stream in Sumatra Author(s) OKADA, Hiroshi; HOTTA, Mitsuru Contributions from the Biological Laboratory, Kyoto Citation University (1987), 27(2): 153-170 Issue Date 1987-03-31 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/156085 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University Cont. bio l. Lab. K]oto Univ., Vol. 27, pp. 153-170 Issued 31 March 1987 Species Diversity at Wet Tropical Environments II. Speciation of Sehismatoglottis okadae (Araceae), an Adaptation to the Rheophytic Habitat of Mountain Stream in Sumatra Hiroshi OKADA and Mitsuru HoTTA ABSTRACT Schismatoglottis okadae, a rheophytic species, was investigated on its distribu- tion pattem, habitat, morphology, karyotype and population structure. The species is restricted to a few locations in West Sumatra which are separated from each other. In these places (locations) the species occurs only in the ai'ea near the stream. The stem and leaf show mat-rooted characteristic which is typical to other rheophytes. The chromosome number is 2n==26+O.-8B. But, one structural mutation of chromosome is present and it can be applied for the analysis of colony structurejust as the presence or absence of B-chromosomes. As the results, two kinds of colony structure have been detected: one is composed of homogeneous individuals, which seems to have propagated vegetatively, and the other is heterogeneous which would have developed from seedlings. The speciation of the group in the Barisan range is presumed to occur through the follow- ing' processes: the geographical upheaval of the Barisan range provided the new ecological niche, rapid streams, for the rheophytic forms.
    [Show full text]
  • History and Current Status of Systematic Research with Araceae
    HISTORY AND CURRENT STATUS OF SYSTEMATIC RESEARCH WITH ARACEAE Thomas B. Croat Missouri Botanical Garden P. O. Box 299 St. Louis, MO 63166 U.S.A. Note: This paper, originally published in Aroideana Vol. 21, pp. 26–145 in 1998, is periodically updated onto the IAS web page with current additions. Any mistakes, proposed changes, or new publications that deal with the systematics of Araceae should be brought to my attention. Mail to me at the address listed above, or e-mail me at [email protected]. Last revised November 2004 INTRODUCTION The history of systematic work with Araceae has been previously covered by Nicolson (1987b), and was the subject of a chapter in the Genera of Araceae by Mayo, Bogner & Boyce (1997) and in Curtis's Botanical Magazine new series (Mayo et al., 1995). In addition to covering many of the principal players in the field of aroid research, Nicolson's paper dealt with the evolution of family concepts and gave a comparison of the then current modern systems of classification. The papers by Mayo, Bogner and Boyce were more comprehensive in scope than that of Nicolson, but still did not cover in great detail many of the participants in Araceae research. In contrast, this paper will cover all systematic and floristic work that deals with Araceae, which is known to me. It will not, in general, deal with agronomic papers on Araceae such as the rich literature on taro and its cultivation, nor will it deal with smaller papers of a technical nature or those dealing with pollination biology.
    [Show full text]
  • Terra Australis 30
    terra australis 30 Terra Australis reports the results of archaeological and related research within the south and east of Asia, though mainly Australia, New Guinea and island Melanesia — lands that remained terra australis incognita to generations of prehistorians. Its subject is the settlement of the diverse environments in this isolated quarter of the globe by peoples who have maintained their discrete and traditional ways of life into the recent recorded or remembered past and at times into the observable present. Since the beginning of the series, the basic colour on the spine and cover has distinguished the regional distribution of topics as follows: ochre for Australia, green for New Guinea, red for South-East Asia and blue for the Pacific Islands. From 2001, issues with a gold spine will include conference proceedings, edited papers and monographs which in topic or desired format do not fit easily within the original arrangements. All volumes are numbered within the same series. List of volumes in Terra Australis Volume 1: Burrill Lake and Currarong: Coastal Sites in Southern New South Wales. R.J. Lampert (1971) Volume 2: Ol Tumbuna: Archaeological Excavations in the Eastern Central Highlands, Papua New Guinea. J.P. White (1972) Volume 3: New Guinea Stone Age Trade: The Geography and Ecology of Traffic in the Interior. I. Hughes (1977) Volume 4: Recent Prehistory in Southeast Papua. B. Egloff (1979) Volume 5: The Great Kartan Mystery. R. Lampert (1981) Volume 6: Early Man in North Queensland: Art and Archaeology in the Laura Area. A. Rosenfeld, D. Horton and J. Winter (1981) Volume 7: The Alligator Rivers: Prehistory and Ecology in Western Arnhem Land.
    [Show full text]