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Aracées De Guyane Française : Biologie Et Systématique ARACÉES de Guyane française Biologie et systématique Barabé D. & Gibernau M. 2015. – Aracées de Guyane française. Biologie et systématique. Publications scientifiques du Muséum, Paris ; IRD, Marseille, 349 p. (collection Faune et Flore tropicales ; 46). Service des Publications scientifiques IRD Éditions du Muséum Institut de recherche pour le développement $BTFQPTUBMF./)/tSVF$VWJFS -F4FYUBOUtCEEF%VOLFSRVF F-75231 Paris cedex 05 13572 Marseille cedex 02 sciencepress.mnhn.fr www.ird.fr ISSN : 1286-4994 ISBN MNHN : 978-2-85653-779-4 ISBN IRD : 978-2-7099-2183-1 © Publications scientifiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris ; IRD, Marseille, 2015 1re de couverture : Philodendron melinonii à la station de Petit-Saut Hydreco. Photo D. Barabé. Caladium bicolor, extrait d’une illustration de W. Fitch (1861), Curtis’s Botanical Magazine v.87 [ser.3:v.17]. 4e de couverture : Cyclocephala rustica sur les étamines de Dieffenbachia seguine attendant la nuit (et l’émission du pollen) pour s’envoler. Photo M. Gibernau Photocopies : Photocopies: Les Publications Scientifiques du Muséum et l’IRD The Publications Scientifiques du Muséum and IRD adhere adhèrent au Centre Français d’Exploitation du Droit to the Centre Français d’Exploitation du Droit de Copie de Copie (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 (CFC), 20, rue des Grands-Augustins, 75006 Paris. The CFC Paris. Le CFC est membre de l’International Federa- is a member of the International Federation of Reproduc- tion of Reproduc tion Rights Organisation (IFFRO). Aux tion Rights Organisation (IFFRO). In USA, contact the États-Unis d’Amérique, contacter le Copyright Clearance Copyright Clearance Center, 27, Congress Street, Salem, Center, 27, Congress Street, Salem, Massachussetts 01970. Massachussetts 01970. FAUNE ET FLORE TROPICALES ARACÉES de Guyane française Biologie et systématique Denis Barabé & Marc Gibernau Publications scientifiques du Muséum IRD Éditions 2015 Collection « Faune et flore tropicales » La collection « Faune et flore tropicales » comprend plus d’une quarantaine d’ouvrages parus. Initialement éditée par l’IRD seul, elle est depuis 2002 coéditée avec le Muséum national d’histoire naturelle. Elle accueille des ouvrages consacrés aux vertébrés, aux invertébrés et aux espèces végétales des régions intertropicales. Elle a pour objectif de diffuser les connaissances les plus récentes sur la systématique et la répartition des différents groupes, avec des contenus allant de la mise au point taxinomique jusqu’à des faunes et flores complètes illustrées. Les volumes comportent de nombreuses figures au trait mais pour certains groupes, la collection peut prendre la forme d’albums grand format, illustrés en couleur. Le présent ouvrage consacré aux Aracées de Guyane française constitue le fascicule n° 46 de la collection « Faune et flore tropicales ». Directeurs de la publication : Bruno David, président, MNHN Jean-Paul Moatti, président-directeur général, IRD Suivi éditorial et mise en page : Gwénaëlle Chavassieu & Marie Berjon, secrétaires d’édition, MNHN Rédactrice en chef pour les Flores : Odile Poncy, MNHN Conception graphique : www.zipshebam.com Cet ouvrage a bénéficié d’une aide à la publication du LabEx BCDiv (Diversités biologiques et culturelles : origines, évolution, interactions, devenir). Il a aussi reçu un soutien financier du LabEx ceba (Centre d’étude de la biodiversité amazonienne). Table des matières Remerciements ............................................................................................................. 9 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 13 1. Phylogénie et systématique ............................................................................... 19 2. Dynamique de la croissance et organisation de la tige ........................... 25 Généralités ................................................................................................................................................................................. 26 Architecture .............................................................................................................................................................................. 35 L’art de la multiplication végétative : le Moucou Moucou (Montrichardia) ...................................... 61 Convergence et phylogénie des types biologiques ....................................................................................... 63 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................. 67 3. Morphologie et biologie florales ...................................................................... 69 Les différents types de fleurs ......................................................................................................................................... 71 Corrélation des caractères floraux .............................................................................................................................. 74 Germination du pollen et fenêtre de pollinisation .......................................................................................... 83 Cristaux extracellulaires d’oxalate de calcium ..................................................................................................... 87 Canaux résinifères des Philodendron ......................................................................................................................... 90 Développement floral et phylogénie ....................................................................................................................... 93 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................................................. 99 4. Les modes de pollinisation ............................................................................... 101 Étude de la pollinisation ................................................................................................................................................ 103 Les pollinisateurs des Aracées guyanaises ......................................................................................................... 106 La pollinisation des Aracées de Guyane .............................................................................................................. 112 Les odeurs florales ............................................................................................................................................................. 118 Les modes de pollinisation et leur évolution ................................................................................................... 122 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................................. 128 5. La thermogenèse florale ................................................................................... 131 Historique ................................................................................................................................................................................ 132 La respiration mitochondriale alternative ........................................................................................................... 133 Les Aracées thermogéniques de Guyane ........................................................................................................... 135 La thermorégulation ........................................................................................................................................................ 144 Rôles écologiques de la thermogenèse .............................................................................................................. 147 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................................. 150 6. Interactions avec les animaux non pollinisateurs .................................... 153 Ces guêpes qui grandissent et « pondent » aux dépens des graines du Philodendron solimoesense .......................................................................................................................................................................... 153 Les Aracées et les fourmis ............................................................................................................................................. 156 Philodendron insigne et fourmis : un mariage réussi ..................................................................................... 159 Les gaines foliaires de Philodendron solimoesense : une habitation pour les fourmis .............. 161 5 Aracées de Guyane française - Biologie et systématique Des jardins entretenus par les fourmis ................................................................................................................. 162 Interactions Aracées-vertébrés .................................................................................................................................. 168 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................................. 176 7. Ethnobotanique ..................................................................................................
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