Le Film Est Une Œuvre De Collaboration Reproductible, Un Produit

Production Costs of Audiovisual Works in Developing Countries March 2007 Study conducted by Emmanuel Cocq (Groupe d’Economie Mondiale at SCPO Paris) for UNESCO The study has received support from the following local contacts: Olivier Barlet (Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Senegal) Christine Bouteiller (Cambodia) George David (Jordan) Ahmed Farouk Ghoneim (Egypt) Sumit Khanna (India) Julio Luzardo (Colombia) Andris Rozenbergs (Latvia) Juan Francisco Sakamichi Gummi (Mexico) 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................. 4 SECTION I. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AUDIOVISUAL MARKETS OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE SAMPLE...................... 7 I.1 Further details on the methodology ............................................................................................................... 7 I.1.1. Choice of indicators............................................................................................................................... 7 I.1.2. Importance of government intervention within audiovisual markets..................................................... 9 I.2. Major characteristics of television in developing countries........................................................................ 11 I.2.1. Structure of the market for free conventional television...................................................................... 13 I.2.2. Broadcasters’ obligations and the programming industry.................................................................... 16 I.3. Film industry............................................................................................................................................... 28 I.3.1. Support systems for the film industry.................................................................................................. 29 I.3.2. Film production................................................................................................................................... 34 I.3.2. Film exhibition..................................................................................................................................... 38 I.4. Conclusion of Section I............................................................................................................................... 40 SECTION II. PRODUCTION COSTS OF AUDIOVISUAL WORKS .................................................................................. 42 II.1. Further details on the methodology........................................................................................................... 42 II.2. Production costs of audiovisual works in Latin American countries......................................................... 47 II.2.1. Mexico................................................................................................................................................ 47 II.2.2. Colombia ............................................................................................................................................ 51 II.3. Production costs of audiovisual works in Asian countries ........................................................................ 59 II.3.1. India.................................................................................................................................................... 59 II.3.2. Cambodia............................................................................................................................................ 64 II.4. Production costs of audiovisual programs in Africa.................................................................................. 73 II.4.1. Burkina Faso....................................................................................................................................... 73 II.4.2. Senegal ............................................................................................................................................... 79 II.4.3. Nigeria................................................................................................................................................ 84 II.5. Production costs of audiovisual works in Middle Eastern countries ......................................................... 89 II.5.1. Egypt .................................................................................................................................................. 89 II.5.2. Jordan ................................................................................................................................................. 93 II.6. Production costs of audiovisual programmes in Latvia............................................................................. 96 II.7. Animation production: a specific production process ............................................................................. 100 GENERAL CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................................................................................... 109 2 List of Tables Table 1: Structure of the cost sheet filled in by the local correspondents............................................................... 6 Table 2: Penetration rate of television sets in households (2004) ........................................................................ 11 Table 3: Television resources (excluding public resources) in 2003.................................................................... 12 Table 4: Weight of subscription resources in television financing ....................................................................... 12 Table 5: Free conventional television................................................................................................................... 13 Table 6: Obligations of conventional broadcasters .............................................................................................. 17 Table 7: Support systems and entry barriers for the film industry........................................................................ 31 Table 8: Development of film production (1994-2004)......................................................................................... 35 Table 9: Number of films produced for one million inhabitants ........................................................................... 36 Table 10: Amount of investments in domestic film production ............................................................................. 37 Table 11: Assessment of equipment with film screens .......................................................................................... 38 Table 12: Characteristics of cinema exhibition .................................................................................................... 40 Table 13: Summary of the data obtained by genre and country ........................................................................... 42 Table 14: Cost structure of French audiovisual production 2004 ........................................................................ 44 Table 15: Weight of the various expense items according to the various genres of French audiovisual production in 2004................................................................................................................................................ 44 Table 16: Summary of estimates communicated and of the cost/minute according to genre and country............ 46 Table 17: Production costs of Mexican audiovisual works................................................................................... 47 Table 18: Structure of production costs for Mexican audiovisual works.............................................................. 48 Table 19: Production costs of Colombian audiovisual works............................................................................... 51 Table 20: Structure of production costs for Colombian audiovisual works.......................................................... 53 Table 21: Production costs of Indian audiovisual works...................................................................................... 59 Table 22: Structure of production costs for Indian audiovisual works................................................................. 60 Table 23: Production costs of Cambodian audiovisual works.............................................................................. 66 Table 24: Structure of production costs for Cambodian audiovisual works......................................................... 68 Table 25: The official price schedule for services ................................................................................................ 73 Table 26: Production Costs of Burkinan Audiovisual Works................................................................................ 74 Table 27: Structure of production costs for Burkinan audiovisual works............................................................. 75 Table 28: Provisional budget for a Burkinan studio production .......................................................................... 79 Table 29: Production costs of Senegalese audiovisual works............................................................................... 79 Table 30: Structure of production costs for Senegalese audiovisual works.........................................................

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