The Old Man and the Sea, Section 5 (pp. 84-104) Quote (page number) Literary Term Function of Literary Term code hero trait—man of skill Santiago‟s fishing experience allows him to predict the marlin‟s next actions and plan (84) accordingly.

“ „You did not do so badly for something Santiago‟s weaker left hand is undependable. worthless,‟” he said to his left hand. “ „But there For a moment while battling the marlin, the old was a moment when I could not find you.‟” (85) man had no feeling in his hand.

“Why was I not born with two good hand? he Santiago is blaming himself for making his left thought. Perhaps it was my fault for not hand weak. This statement expresses Santiago‟s training that one properly.” (85) belief in self-reliance.

As the marlin begins to circle the old man‟s skiff, the old man pulls in the fishing line every time the fish circles the boat. Santiago hopes Situational irony—the unexpected happens that “in an hour [he] will see….then kill him….But the fish kept on circling slowly and the old man was wet with sweat and tired deep into his bones two hours later.” (87)

“Don‟t jump, fish….Don‟t jump.” (88) Apostrophe—talking to an animal or object or dead person as if it/he/she can hear, understand, and respond

“It was a great temptation to rest in the bow and let the fish make one circle by himself without Although Santiago is exhausted, he does recovering any line. But…the old man rose to everything he can to catch the marlin, which his feet and …brought in all the line he gained.” illustrates his determination to succeed. (89)

“A man is never lost at sea and it is a long This reference to Cuba shows Santiago has island.” (89) great confidence in his ability to get back home once his battle with the marlin is over.

“But I must get him [the marlin] close, close, Refrain—repeating a word, line, or phrase for close” (91) emphasis

“Pull, hands….Hold up, legs. Last for me, Apostrophe—talking to an animal, object, or head. Last for me.” (91) dead person as if it/he/she can hear, understand, and respond

“Then the fish came alive, with his death in him, and rose high out of the water showing all Paradox—a statement that seems to be his great length and width and all his power and contradictory but proves to be true his beauty.” (94)

“he saw the fish was on his back with his silver Now that the marlin is dead, it is powerless, belly up.” (94) which is represented by the loss of color (purple / lavender) and being belly up (unnatural position for the marlin).

“Then it [the marlin‟s blood] spread like a Simile—a comparison using “like” or “as” cloud.” (94)

The old man and the marlin sail home side-by- Symbol—stands for or represents something side facing the same way. (96) else

“It was an hour before the first shark hit him.” Foreshadowing—clues or hints to prepare the (100) reader for something that will happen later in the story

“They were not the ordinary pyramid-shaped teeth of most sharks….They were nearly as long The description of the shark‟s teeth as “razor- as the fingers of the old man and they had razor- sharp” emphasizes their sharpness and potential sharp cutting edges on both sides.” (100-101) to do much harm to the old man and/or his catch.

The Mako shark “had no fear at all and would Symbol—stands for or represents something do exactly what he wished.” (101) else

“The shark closed fast…and the clicking chop “Clicking” imitates the sound of the shark‟s of the teeth” (101) teeth tearing into the marlin as it destroys Santiago‟s catch

“He hit it [shark] without hope but with Although Santiago doesn‟t believe he can resolution and complete malignancy.” (102) prevent the shark from hitting his fish, he has complete faith that he will kill it.

“the shark plowed over the water as a speedboat Simile—a comparison using “like” or “as” does” (101)

Foreshadowing-- clues or hints to prepare the Santiago knows because of the Mako shark‟s reader for something that will happen later in attack on his marlin, other sharks will soon (103) the story come after the marlin as well.

Hyperbole—exaggeration to prove a point This one word suggests that Santiago‟s catch has been completely destroyed by the loss of 40 pounds, which the Mako shark took with one bite.

“Every minute now you are closer to home. Indirect characterization—a character‟s words You sail lighter for the loss of forty pounds.” or actions or appearance or what other (104) characters think or say about him reveal his personality