SOCIETAS PRO FAUNA ET FLORA FENNICA
ACTA BOTANICA FENNICA
72
Leena Hämet-Ahti: Some races of Juncus articulatus L. in Finland
SOCIETAS Pll.O FAUNA E'l' FI.ORA FL~~CA
HELSINKI- HELSINGFORS 1966 ACfA BOTANlCA FENNICA
1-19 vide Acta Botanica Fennica 20-50.
20. E. J, Valovirta: Untersuchungen über die säkulare Landhebung als pflanzengeo graphischer Faktor. 173 S. (1937). 21. Th. Lange: Jämtlands kärlväxtflora. 204 s. (1938). 22. Uno Saxen: Die Varietäten von Carex salina Wg ssp. cuspidata Wg nebst ihren Hybriden an den Küsten des Bottnischen Busens, Finnland. 30 S. (1938). 23. Gunnar Marklund: Die Taraxacum-Fiora Estlands. 150 S. (1938). 24. Harry Waris: Über den Antagonismus von Wasserstoffionen und Metallkationen bei Micrasterias. 36 S. (1939). 25. Bror Pettersson: Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die euanemochore Ver breitung der Sporenpflanzen. 102 S. (1940). 26. Gunnar Marklund: Die Taraxacum-Fiora Nylands. 187 S. (1940). 27. I. Hustich: Pflanzengeographische Studien im Gebiet der niederen Fjelde im westli chen finnischen Lappland. li. Über die horizontale Verbreitung der alpinen und alpiken Arten sowie einige Angaben über die winterlichen Naturverhältnisse auf den Fjelden; Artenverzeichnis. 80 S. (1940). 28. Emil Hulden: Studien über Fraxinus excelsior L. 250 S. (1941). 29. Runar Collander: The distribution of different cations between root and shoot. 12 pp. (1941 ). 30. A. L. Backman: Najas marina in Finnland während der Postglazialzeit. 38 S. (1941). 31. A. L. Backman: Ceratophyllum suhmersum in Nordeuropa während der Post glazialzeit. 38 S. (1943). 32. Bengt Englund: Die Pflanzenverteilung auf den Meeresufern von Gotland. 282 S. (1942). 33. Veli Räsänen: Das System der Flechten. Übersicht mit Bestimmungstabellen der natürlichen Flechtenfamilien, ihrer Gattungen, Untergattungen, Sektionen und Untersektionen. 82 S. (1943). 34. V. Wartiovaara: The permeahility of Tolypellopsis cells for heavy water and methyl alcohol. 22 pp. (1944). 35. Agnes Wernstedt: On the absorption of Iead into the cells of Nitella. 8 pp. (1944). 36. lb Holm-Jensen, August Krogh and Veijo Wartiovaara: Some experiments on the exchange of potassium and sodium between single cells of Characeae and the hathing fluid. 22 pp. (1944). 37. Dertel Widen: Untersuchungen über die Phlorogluzinderivate finnischer Farn arten. 79 S. (1944). 38. Carl Cedercreutz: Die Gefässpflanzenvegetation der Seen auf Aland. 79 S. (1947). 39. Jaakko Jalas: Zur Systematik und Verbreitung der fennoskandischen Formen der Kollektivart Thymus Serpyllum L., em Fr. 92 S. (1947). 40. Hans Luther: Morphologische und systematische Beobachtungen an Wasserpha nerogamen. 28 S. (1947). 41. Enzio Reuter: Index Generalis seriei Acta Botanica Feunica 1-40 (1925-1947). vii + 75 s. (1948). 42. I. Hustich: The Scotch Pine in northernmost Finland and its dependence on the climate in the last decades. 75 pp. (1948). 43. A. L. Backman: Najas flexilis in Europa während der Quartärzeit. 44 S. (1948). 44. Hans Luther: Vorschlag zu einer ökologischen Grundeinteilung der Hydrophyten. 15 s. (1949). 45. Stig Jaatinen: Bidrag till kännedomen om de äländska sjöarnas strandvegetation. 354 s. (1950). 46. Haus Luther: Beobachtungen über die fruktifikative Vermehrung von Phragmites communis Trin. 18 S. (1950). ACTA BOTA ICA FENNICA 72 EDIDIT S 0 C I ETAS PR 0 FA NA E T F L 0 RA FE N N I CA
SOME RACES OF JUNCUS ARTICULATUS L. IN FINLAND
BY
LEENA HÄMET-AHTI
DEPARTMENT OF BOTA:\'Y, UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI
HELSI KI- HELSI GFORS 1966 Acta bot. fenn. 72. 22 pp. Oct. 1966
PRI NTED BY TILGYA.\"N HEL S I.\"KI- H E L SI:"'GFORS 1 966 Contents
Abstract ...... 3 Introduction ...... 3 ] uncus m•ticulatus L. var. hylandri Hämet-Ahti, var. nova 4 ] uncus articulatus L. var. lindhardii (\\'iinst.) \\'iinst . 13 j uncus alpinus Yill. x arliculatus L. 15 Summary 16 R eferences ...... 1 7
Abstract In Finland there are at least three yarieties of ] uncus articulatus L., em. Lagerst.& Krok, viz. Yar. articulatus (s. lat.). Yar. lindhardii (\Viinst.) Wiinst. and var. hylandri Hämet-Ahti, var. no,·a. ]. alpinus \ "ill. X ]. articulatus L. is substantiat ed for F inland.
Introduction
In 1958, Mrs. ::\Iirj a Siljamäki, ~I. Sc . , and her busband Mr. Mikko Silja mäki, Lic.Med., found a strange !arge species of ] uncus growing in brackish sea wat er 30 cm deep at Pyhtää, Svartbäcksfjärden, on the Gulf of Finland. Some years later they ga,·e me a specimen of this plant. Although very yonng, this specimen was so interesting that I made a short trip to Pyhtää with Dr. Annikki Saarisalo-Taubert to see the plant in nature. Because the weatber was st ormy, we could not row to the original local ity, but examination the sbores of Svartbäcksfj ärden showed that the same ] uncus was very common tbere. After a thorough examination it became clear that this plant comes so close to J uncus articulatus that it may be regarded as a seashore race of this species. In addition t o this undescribed type, another race of J uncus articu latus, var. lindhardii, formely unknown from Finland, was detected during herbarium studies. A number of specimens of the hybrid]. alpinus X ]. arti culatus, which bad formerly been doubted to be present in Finland, were fonnd in the Finnish herbaria. It appears that there are a great many other t axonomic problems to be solved among the North European Junci, par ticularly in the ]. alpinus complex. 4 Leena Hämet-Ahti: Some races of Juncus articulatus L . in Finland
I wish to express my deep gratitude to Dr. Nils H ylander, Prof. Hans Luther and Dr. J aakko J alas, who have read m y manuscript and given valuable help. :\Iy husband, Dr. Teuvo Ahti, examined the collections in Leningrad (LE) and translated the Latin descriptions, Miss Kirsti Kaleva, J\LSc., counted the chromosome number of ]tmcu.s articu.latu.s var. hylandri, :Mrs. Aune Haakana collected material from the Alan d Islan ds, JY!r . F. H. Brightman revised m y English and Dr. A. Skovst ed corrected the Iist of Danish localities. I thank them for their help, and also thank the curators of the following herbaria: c Bot anica! Museum, University of Copenhagen, Denmark H Botanical :Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland H F R Forest Research Institute, Helsinki, Finland H-Kym Herbarium of the Kymenlaakso District, Finland, in H LE Botanical Institute of the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, U.S.S .R. OULU Department of Botany, University of Oulu, Finland TURA Biological Institute of Abo Academy, Turku, Finland UPS Institute of Systemabc Botany, University of Uppsala, Sweden
Financial support was received from the Finnish National Research Council for Science.
]uncus articulatus L . var. hy landri1 H ämet-Ahti, var. nova
Type: Finland, Nylandia, Pyhtää, Purola, Svartbäcksviken, gravelly seashore, 23 .IX.1965, Annikki Saarisalo-Taubert & Leena Hämet-Ahti (H, holotype; C, TUR, UPS, isot ypes). Rhizoma sat robustum, usque ad 5 = crassum, sat Ionge repens, haud caespitosum. Caules rigide erecti, firmi, c. (30-) 50-100 cm alti, infra inflorescentias 1-2 = crassi, obscure virides, inflorescentüs vaginisque saepe purpurascentes. Folia caulina 2-3 ( 4), rigida, Yulgo erecta, fere teretia, clistincte articulata; vaginae foliorum marginibus scariosis vulgo angustis, interdum >alde inconspicuis, in auriculas obtusas, diametro caulis breviores elongatis institutae. Inflorescentia an gusta longaque, r amulis longioribus erecto-patentibus sed pedunculis saepe m agis divergentibus; capitula numerosa (25-JO), floribus paucis (3-5). Perianthium t epalis subaequalibus, acutis, 2-2.5 (3) = longis, internis interdum apice rotundatis paulo brevioribusque et marginibus latioribus scariosis; filamenta antheris vulgo paulo longiora. Capsula perianthi paulo longior, atrorufa vel nigrescens et lucida, anguste ovata, acuminata, mucrone 0.3 = longo.
The rhizome (Fig. 4) is fairly stout (up t o 5 = in cliameter) and the plant is rather long-creeping, not tufted . The culms are rigidly erect, hard, about (30-) 50-100 cm tall and 1-2 = in diameter below the inflorescence. The colour when fresh is dark bluish-green , but the dried specimens are bluish-grey to bro·wn.ish-green, and often tinged with purple in the sheaths, culms and inflorescences.
1 Etymology: T he name is given in honour of Dr. Kils Hylander, who has tentatively r ecognized this variety in his flora. LövE (1961) described the genus H ylandra based on the same n am e and therefore I use the spelling hylandri instead of hyla~1deri. The form hylandri was used by WIKEN {1951, p. 55, footnote) as an example o f declension. ACTA BOTANICA FENNICA 72 5
The 2-3 (4) cauline leaves are stiif, usually straight and almost unflattened, and the articulation is very clear. The auricles of the sheaths are obtuse and shorter than the diameter of the culm. The scarious margins of the sheaths are usually narrow and some times very inconspicuous. The inflorescence is long and narrow, the Ionger branches ascending almost vertically or ouly at narrow angles (less than 30°) . However, some of the peduncles of the heads may diverge at fairly wide angles. The heads are numerous (25-70), each with few (3-5) flowers. The perianth segments are about equal and acute, though some of the inner ones may be somewhat rounded at the apex and slightly shorter. Also the scarious margin is narrow in the outer segments and rather broad in the inner ones. The length of the perianth is about 2- 2.5 (-3) mm. The filaments are usually slightly Ionger than the anthers. The capsule is slightly Ionger than the perianth, yery dark brown to black and shiny when ripe, acum.inate (F.ig. 1) and usually without, or with indistinct, shoulders. The beak is up to 0.3 mm long. The chromosome nurober is 2n = 80 (specimen from the type locality; H).
3
ooua b c oooa b
0 5 ....
0a 0b 0 FIG. 1. The capsules of some races of jtmcus articulatus L. 1. ]. articulatus var. articulalus. - a. Ta, Iitti, Mu.ikkula, 1932 Aili Valtonen (H). - b. Ab, Parainen, 1910 V. A. Pesola (HFR).- c. N, Mäntsälä, 1949 L. Korhonen (HFR). 2. ]. articulattts yar. hylandri Hämet-Ahti. - a. N, Pyttis (Pyhtää), llfogenpörtö, Labböle, 1938 L. Fagerström (H). - b. Type specimen. - c. Al, Lemland, Flaka, 1953 Mai da & A. Palmgren (H). 3. ]. articulatus var. lindhardii (Wiinst.) Wiinst. - a . Ab, Korpo, Korpogärdsträsk, 1947 H. Skult (H). - b. Parainen, Ersby, 1913 V. A. Pesola (HFR). - c. Al, Kökar, Hellsö, 1930 0. Eklund (H).
This race was first observed by Göran Wahlenberg, who wrote war. maritimus>> (in sched.; UPS) on a specimen determined by him as >>]uncus acutiflorus>> and collected from the coast of Uppland, Sweden. In H. H . RINGIUS & EL. FRIES' >>Herbarium normale>> some specimens have been determined as J. articulatus var. subatratus Fr. (cf. FRIES 1845); 6 Leena Hämet-Ahti: Same races of Juncus articulatus L. in Finland
TABLE 1. A comparison of some characters of Juncus articulatus L. var. articulatus, var. lindhardii Wiinst. (Wiinst.) , var. hylandri H ämet-Ahti, J . alpinus Vill. X articulatus L. and J . alpinus Vill. s. lat.
]. alpinus s. lat. ]. alpinus X articulatus (excl. ssp. arthrophyllHs (var. articulatus) (B raun.) H yl. var. macrocephalus H yl. )
Source of material studied Finland, Sweden S. Finland
Appearance of rhizome fairly long, creeping fairly long, creeping
Diameter of rhizome 2-2.5 = 1-1.5 rnm Appearance of culm stiffly erect , rar ely stiffl y e rect , hard slightly decumbent, har d Length of culrn (20-) 40-70 crn 20-40 crn Diameter of culrn 0.8-1. 7 = 0.&-- lmrn below inflorescence Colour of culrn as fresh bright green dark green Nurnber of cauline leaves 2-4 2 (-3) Appearance of often straight straight, stiff cauline leaves fairly s tiff Scarious rnargins of sheaths fairly broad fairly broad
Auricles short or long, obtuse very short, obtuse Appearance of broad or narrow, narrO\Y , fairly long inflorescence fairly long L ength of inflorescence 5-10 crn 5-10 crn Number of heads 7-30 6-13 Number of flowers 3-7 4- over 10 per head Perianth segments equal or unequal, inner inner ones obtuse, ones acute or obtuse, outer ones acute outer ones acute Length of perianth "1. 5--2.5 = 1. &--2.5 rnrn Length of capsule in rnrn (c.2 = ) 1.5--2.5 rnm and in relation to (as long) Ionger perianth Form of capsule (elliptic, obtuse or acute) elliptic, obtuse
Beak of capsule (c. 0.1=) less than 0. 1 = ACTA BOTANICA FENNICA 72 7
J uncus articula.tu s v ar. lindhardii var. arliculatus var. hylandri
D enm ark, Finland , I nterior S. F inland Finland , Sweden Sweden , Norway sh ortly creeping, caespitose fairly shortly creeping, fairiy Iong, creeping subcaespitose c. 2 mm 1-3 mm up to 5 mm decumbent t o prostrat e, decum bent t o erect, stiffly erect, stout brauehing at nodes fairiy short st out, h ard
20-4.0 cm 20- 70 cm (3 0-) 50-100 cm
1-2.5 mm 0.5--1 mm 1-2 mm
yellowish green d ark biuish green 3-4. 2-6 2-3 (4.) fairly firm, curved soft, often curved usually straight stiff fairly broad fairiy broad n arrow, often inconspicuous fairly long, t apering Iong, t apering fairiy short, obtuse often fairly broad yery broad and fairiy narrow and Iong and short short c. 5 cm 5-7 cm 10-15 cm c. 10 10-30 25-70
5-10 4.-10 3-5 equal, acute equai, acute (some of inner equai, acute ones m ay be rounded) c. 2.5 mm 3= 2-2.5 (-3) mm 2.5-3 = 3-4. mm 3-3.5 mm sligh tly Ionger t o as Ionger slightiy Ionger long broadly ovat e, acute ell i ptic, acu te n arrowiy ovate, acuminat e less than 0.2 = 0.3-0.5 = O.s mm 8 Leena Hämet-Ahti: Some races of Juncus articulatus L. in Finland
at least one of them (no. XII. 72; H) is obviously var. hylandri. I have not seen no. XI. 68, the original collection, which was determined as ]. anceps var. atricapillus by BuCHENAU (1890, p. 374). As far I know, this var. sub atratus has never been described. BuCHENAU (1906, p. 219) induded the specimen no. XII. 72 in >>]. lampocarpus var. nigritellus (D . Don) Macreight.>>. Obviously the records of this latter variety for Scandinavia, commonly given in Central European papers, are based on this specirnen in the >>Herbarium normale>>; the range of var. nigr-itellus does not extend as far as this. Although some Russian collectors (e.g. Ledebour, Ruprecht, Kühlewein), according to their labels in LE, have observed this race, none of them has described it. HYLA>.'
TIMM & CLAPHAM (1940) also discussed the possibility of the >> large 80 >> being the same race that has been described from Finland as var. cuspidatus Brenn. (BRENNER 1888, 1889, BuCHENAU 1890, 1906) . I have checked all the specimens in H determined by Brenner hirnself as var. cuspidatus and it is definitely not the same as var. hylandri or the >> large 80>>, but seems to re present a race of ]. articulatus that is very common in Finland. The taxo nomic status of var. cuspidatus needs further study, together with some other widespread races of J articulatus. 1 In this paper it is included in var. articulatus. According to the material available to me, Juncus articulatus var. hylandri seems to occur chiefly along the shores of the Baltic from Uppland to Kalmar Strait in Sweden and from Kvarken (Merenkurkku) in Finland at least to Estonia (Fig. 2). It may also be found down to the south coast of the Baltic, since GRAEBNER (1896) reported a tall, erect race of ]. articulaltts growing on the seashores in northern Poland. Some known localities far from seashores are obviously of anthropochorous origin (e.g. Finland: Liljendal, Eskilom; U.S.S.R.: Leningrad Distr., Toksovo, Zelenogorsk and Zvanka Stations), since var. hylandri seems to be spreading along gravelly railway banks at least in some cases. Its occurrences on the shores of some lakes (e.g. Ringsjön) may also be of anthropochorous origin, but from these places some other seashore plants are known. ]. articulatus var. hylandri is obviously endemic around the Baltic like some other plants (Myosotis laxa Lehm. ssp. baltica (Sam.) Hyl., Deschampsia bottnica (Wahlenb.) Trin., etc.) but its area may be wider than shown by the present material. On the Aland Islands, according to a verbal communication from Mrs. Aune Haakana, confirmed by specimens she collected, var. hylandri occurs fairly commonly on Eheltered, gravelly and sandy seashores, growing often together with ]. gerardii and Agrostis stolonifera. It may be also found in sea water up to 30-40 cm deep (e.g. -ylandia, Pyhtää, according to a verbal commuuication from Mrs. 1:irja Siljamäki). Even in water the culm is never decumbent or stolouiferous. In several papers dealing with seashore vegetation around the northern Baltic there are records of ]. articulatus, which seems to be rather common
1 ] uncus arti c ~tlatu s Yar. aquaticus L. is one of the races of]. articulatus reported from Finland. According to HJELT (1892) there was no typical specimen from it in H, but as mf. aquaticus this plant was still mentioned by CAJAKDER {1906) and HIITONEN {1933) from Eastem Fennoscandia (Karelia olonetsensis). These records are based on a specimen in H collected from :(vina River, Ladva, Karelian A.S.S.R., which is a sterile Butomus umbellatus L. grown in fairly deep water {tvar. vallisnerifolia Sagorski•). MONTELL (1946) reported var. littoralis Buchenau for the Aland Xslands, however the specinlens (TURA) belong to var. articulatus. From the same area he described also ]. lampocarpus f. gracilis Montell (op. cit., s.n. var. tenuis in Herb. Montell, TURA!), which is a shade modification of var. articulatus. 10 Leena Hätnet-Ahti: Some races of Juncus articulatus L . iu Finland
FIG. 2. The distribution of ] tm cus articulatus L . var. hyla11dri H ä met-Ahti according to the s pecimens exa mined . on seashores iu some areas. Many of the e reports no doubt refer to var. hylandri although we must remernher that this ,·ariety is not the only race of J. articulatus that occurs along the seashores in this area; there are also var. lindhardii (see below) and var. artic ulatus. Judging from these papers, var. hylandri may be fairly common in Uppland (AUIQUIST 1929) , the Aland Islands (PALMGREN 1961) and the Kotka- Pernaja region (ULVTNE~ 1937, LEMBERG 1946, KuJALA & ULY1:NEX 1964), scattered in the southwestern archipelago of Finland (EKLUXD 1958) , and rare in the Barösund area (BRE1\TNER 1921) as weil as betiYeen usikaupunki and Pori (HÄYREX 1909, VAAHTORA..l'I"TA 1964); HÄYREX (1 902, 1914) and LUTHER (1961) did not men tion the species from the Tammisaari-Tvärminne area but L E ~IB E RG (1928) reported that it is scattered on the sandy shores between Lappvik and Ren- ACTA BOTANICA FEK1 ICA ?2 11 riksberg. In Gotland ]. articulatus is very common along the coast s (ENGLUND 1942), but hmY much of it belongs to var. hylandri is unknown to me. I haYe seen only one definite specimen from there. Also its occurrence on the east coast of the Baltic is unexplored. ]. articulatus is mentioned to be locally common in ]. gerardii meadows on the west coast of Estonia (e.g. SHliUDT 1965) and there a re a lso specimens from the island of Saaremaa (Ösel). Var. hylandri is evidently rather strictly a seashore plant, but in H , for instance, there are specimens from the s hores of the eutrophic, so-called Anabawa lakes (CEDERCREUTZ 1937) Dalkarbyträsk and Lemböteträsk on Aland, which are 1-3 kilometres from the sea. However, J.~TINEN (1950) did not report ]. articulatus from the lake s hores on the Aland Islands, and it also seems tobe absent from the lakes there as an aquatic plant (cf. CEDER CREUTZ 1947). The flon·ering period of var. hylandri is very late and its capsules ripen late in autumn (September t o October?), which means that m any o f the specimens in herbaria a re t oo young for a definite identification. It is certainly also neglected as weil, and so the distribution map published can only be of a preliminary nature. Also the seemingly intermediate forms between it and var. articulatus are still unexplained. From many localities near the coast I have seen ] . articulatus specim ens which have some characters of var. hylaudri, e.g. a firm erect culm, short, obtuse auricles, inflorescence nan ower than in var. articulatus, but n·ith fen·er heads and with more flowers in the heads than in var. hylandri, the capsule acuminate, etc. Plants with these features are not geuerally found in the interior of Finland. I hesitate to de termine such specimens as hybrids \Yithout further investigation, especially of their behaviour in cultivation, and studies of this kind have already been started in the Botanical Garden of the University of Helsinki. Possibly the land upheaval around the Baltic has caused var. articulatus and var. hylandri t o meet in some localities. Of course, they may also meet in anthropogenic habitat s.
Specimens examined: Swede n Sk äne (Scania). Ringsjön, Sjöholmen, 193'• H . Weimarck (H, OULU). Kalmar län . Jungfrun, fresb-water pool by Ler\'ik, 19 11, G. E . Du Rietz (UPS). Gotland. Fleringe, between H ässle and Hau, 1852 N. C. Kindberg (UPS). Södermanland, Ljusterö, ärsö, 19 12 A. Hülphers (U PS, TURA). Lidingö, 1851 ] . E. Zetterstedt (U PS). X ämdö, Langvikskär, 1923 E. Asplund (U PS); Villinge, 1923 E. Asplund (UPS); Längsunda, 1892 G. Lindmark (TURA). 1\fuskö, Gullboda, 1924 E. Asplund (U PS). \'äst erljungs, Dalbyö, 1885 C. Th. Römer (U PS). Värd inge, Sjuenda sjön, 1903 A. Forssander (H ). Uppland. •Ex maritimis Engskärt, H erb.Wahlenberg (U PS). H ällnäs, F ägeln, meadow by tbe seashore, 1951 E. Almquist ( PS). Älvkarleby, Gärdskär, 1\fararna, 1944 J . Ax. Nannfeldt (H ). Blidö, 19 10 J . H ammer (U PS). 12 Leena Hämet-A hti: Some races of J uncus articulatus L. in Finland
Gästrikland. Hamränge, Norrsundet, 1919 H. C. Kindberg (U PS), Norrlandet, 1896 V. Arnell (U PS). Hille, Oppalagrund, 1900 H. W. Arnell (UPS), Edskönöjning, V. Arnell (UPS). Gävle, Sikvik, 18 95 G. Hellsing (UPS), Limön, on the shore in the village, 1955 ]. Ax. Nannfeldt (H).
Finland Alandia. Eckerö, W of Skagen, meadow by the seashore, 1906 H. Lindberg (H ); Vikarna, 1906 H. Lindberg (H); Finko, 1950 H. Törnroth (H ). Finström, Bergö, seashore, 1906 R. Frey (H), 18 78 A. Arrhenius & A. 0. Kihlman (H); Ma rkasböle, 1912 V. A. Pesola (H); Bergö-Husö, ·1946 J. Montell (TURA). Föglö, Granboda, 1923 Maida & A. Palm gren (H); Jyddö in litore maris, 1907 C.A. Knabe (TURA). Geta, Pantsarnäs, Barskärsgrund, seashore, 1908 K. Linkola (H); Hällo, 1923 1\laida & A. Palmgren (H); Bonäsvik, 196 5 Aune Haakana (H). Hamma rland, Äppelö, 1920 and Strandnäs, 193 1 l\Iaida & A. Palm gren (H); Skarpnätö and l\Iarsund, 1905 Anne Haakana (H ). Jomala, Langnässkär, 195'• Maida & A. Palmgren (H); Dalkarbyträsk, sandy lakeshore, 1952 C. Cedercreutz (H); Esp holmen, 1953 Maida & A. Palmgren (H ); ::\Iöckelö, 1965 Aune Haakana (H). Lemland, Flaka , 1953 Maida & A. Palmgren (H ); Slätholm, 193 1 Clla Bärlund (H ); Nätö, 1938 H. Roivainen (H); Granholm, 1953 A. Palmgren (H ); Grillskär, 19!.9 A. Palmgren (H); Lemböteträsk, 1948 0. Eklund (H ); H erröskatan, 19? A. Palmgren (H ); Gripen, 1965 Aune Haakana (H). Lumparland, 1903 J. F. ::\Ianner (H ). Saltvik, Längbergsöda, on the shore of Mellanöjsjö, 1952 C. Cedercreutz (H ); Bertbyvik, 195 1, "1952 l\Iaida & A. Palm gren (H); 1923 T. Nybergh (H, TURA); 1965 Aune Haakana (H ). Sottunga, Finnö, 1922 T. Nybergh (H); Husö, 1923 l\Iaida & A. Palmgren (H ). \'ärdö, Vargata, Rättgrundet, 1953 P. Olofsson (H); Vargata, K ätholm,1 953 P. Olofsson (H ); Vargata, 1965 AuneHaakana (H ). Regio aboensis. Nagu, Vansor, 1944 0 . Eklund (H ). Nylandia. Tenala (Tenhola), Lappohja, m eadow by the seashore, 1958 P. Alanko (H). Pernaja (Pernä), Fantsnäs, Tvistholma, meadow by the seashore, 1944 0. K . Silkkilä (H); Källö, on the shore of a bay, 1957 F. W. Klingstedt (H) . Strömfors (Ruotsinpyhtää), Lindholmen, gravelly meadow, 1951 L. Fagerström (H ). P yhtää (Pyttis), Koukknsaari, 1931 A. Ulvinen (H); Mogenpörtö, Labböle, meadow by the seashore, 1938 L. Fager ström (H); Purola, Svartbäcksfjärden, Svartbäcksviken, a shallow place outside the Phragmites zone, 1958 Mirja & l\I. Siljamäki (H ); Purola, Svartbäcksviken, on gravelly seashore, 1963 Annikki Saarisalo-Tanbert & Leena H ämet-Ahti (H ). Liljendal, Eskilom, roadside near the railroad siding, 1962 F. W. Klingstedt (H). Karelia australis. Aspö (Haapasaari), Virluoto, K eskisaa ri, meadow by the seashore, 1950 L. Fagerström (H). Kymi, Mussalo, Suonperä, 1922 A. Ulvinen (H); Mussalo Is lands, a rocky islet NW of Mustasaari, 1934 A. Ulvinen 86, 87 (H ); Kuutsalo, seashore, 1952 V. Kujala & A. Ulvinen (H-Kym). \'ehkalahti, Kuorsalo, Lehtinen, meadow by the seashore, 1949 V. Kujala & A. Ulvinen (H-Kym); Pyötsaari, seashore, 1949 V. Ku jala & A . Ulvinen (H-Kym); l\Iäntlahti, meadow by the seashore 1938, 1939 V. Kujala (H, H-Kym). Hamina, Hillonlahti, 1950 V. Kujala & A. Uh-inen (H-Kym). Satakunta. Björneborg (Pori), Ytterö, 1901 E. Häyren (H). Ostrobottnia australis. Björköby, Björkö, 189:l W. Lauren (H); Skatören, 194.8 T.-L. Westman (H). U . S. S. R. 1 Leningrad District. Lakllta, »prope Petropolin Strand•, 1901 J. Klinge (LE); sandy seashore, 1919 N. Shipinskiy (LE); near Lakhta, seashore 1875 Alb. Regel (LE). Pargoloi, Shuvalova, by the Finland r ailway, 1870 C. Treumann (LE). Limuzi, 1906 R. R egel (not mapped; LE). 'In litore marino insulae Kronstadt', 1844. F. ]. Ruprecht (LE). 'Zarskoje, in fossis', 184.6 Kühlewein (LE). Small pond n ear railway between Erlapov and Sestroretsk, sandy shore, 1919 Kosinskiy & Ko,·ouspenskaya (LE). Zelenogorsk (Terijoki), r ailway station, 1880 C. Treumann (LE). Toksovo Station, 1923 M. Vikulova & al. (LE). Leningrad, 'Uiianka', 1849 Kühlewein (LE). Near Zva nka Station, 192? Ikonnikov-Galitzkiy (LE) . Estonia. On the Narva River, 1915 F . Mal'kov (LE). Saaremaa (Ösel), 18 90 ]. Klinge (LE); Herb. Ledebour (LE); Arensburg (Kingissepa), seashore, 1924 R. Leh bert (H).
1 Specimens in LE deterrnined by Dr. T. Ahti. Several uncertain ones were omitted. ACTA BOTANICA FENNICA ?2 13
Juncus articulatus L. var. lindhardii (Wiinst.) Wiinst.
vVIIXSTEDT in RAUXKJiER & \VIIXSTEDT 1942, p. 65. - j.lampocarpus var. Lind hardii \VnxSTEDT in RAUXKI)ER 1934, p. 65. - Lectotype: Denmark, Seeland, Kikhavn, 1929 Lindhard (C).
The plant is often fairly low growing, about 20-1•0 cm high, caespitose, decumbent to prostrate, rooting at the lower nodes and usually brauehing from some nodes in various parts of the culm (Fig. 5). The culm is hard, stout and up to 2.5 mm in diameter below the inflorescence. The 3- 4 cauline leayes are firm and curYed. The sheaths have fairly broad scarious margins and the auricles are Ionger thau the diameter of the culm and tapering. The inflorescence has rather short, thick branches with only a few heads (usually up to 10}. The heads are composed of about 5- 10 flowers. The bracts and perianthsarelight brown. The inner perianth segments haYe fairly narrow scarious margins. The perianth segments are as long as the capsule, or shorter. The capsule is comparatively short, dark brown, up to 2.5 mm (sometimes 3.0 mm) long, and broadly ovate with a short but conspicuous beak {Pig. 1).
I have examined the type specimen and also the other specimens m C determined as var. liudhardii by \Viinstedt himself. Thus I can state definitely that some specimens from southn·estern Finland belong to the same taxon. However, the type specimen has capsules which are very short when com pared with the perianth, and all the Finnish specimens have somewhat Ionger capsules, but several Danish specimens determined as var. lindhardii have exactly the same kind of capsules as the Finnish ones. This variety was first known only from Denmark, where it is fairly com mon in the dune areas (\VnxsTEDT 1937). HYLA.'
FIG. 3. The distribution of j unws arliwlatus L . var. lindhardii (\\' iinst.) Wiinst. in Finland according t o the specimens examined.
No intermediate forms between var. lindhardii and the other races of ]. articulatus have been seen by me in H. Perhaps the ecology of var. lind hardii differs so much from that of t!Je others, that they do not occur in the same localities. However, both var. litzdhardii and var. hylandri have been collected from Dalkarbyträsk, J omala, in the Aland Islands and this place could be an interesting one for the study of hybridization within ] . articulatus.
Specimens examined: Finland Alandia. J omala, Dalkarbyträsk, sandy lakeshore, 1952 C. Cedercreutz (H ). Kum linge, Björkö, loam soil, '1933 0. Eklund (H ). K öka r, H ellsö, SY äloholm, snprasaline shore, 1 930 0. Eklund (H ). Sund, Skarpans, 185/ J. R . Chydenins (H ). R egio aboensis. Hitis, Kyrklandet , Skata gloet , 19-'t3 B. Olsoni (H ). Korpo, Bouäs träsk, 1932 0. Eklund (H ); Korpogärds träsk, lakeshore, 19',/ H . Skult (H ). Parainen, E rsby, m eadow, 1 913 V. Pesola (HFR). Satakunta. Björneborg (Pori), Inderö (K yläsaari), KiYins, 190 I E . H äyren (H). Sw e den Gotland. Vamlingsbo, Killingholm, seashore, 1930 B. Englund (H ). Ljugarn, slowly flowing brook, 1931 B. Englnnd (H ). Norway Rogaland. List erfjord, between H ange and K\·iljö, 189-'t A. Blytt (H ). Vest-Agder. Lista, below Asen, 189'• A. Blytt (OUL U). l\Iöre and R omsdal. Halsa, 1907 H. Buch (H ). D e nmark J ylland (Jutland). S. Drejer (C) Frederiksha \'ll, 18 35 S. Dreijer (C). Yendsyssel, north of Kandest eclerne, 1955 K . Larsen (C), R äbjerg :IIile, 1955 K . Larsen(C), Älb of dunes on the north beach of Skagen, 1904. M. L . l\Iortensen (C). Thy, Lodbjerg H eäe north of Agger, 1902 E. \Varming (C), the dunes near Thorup, 190? ? (C) ; the dune near Agger, 1906 A. Michelsen (C). H enne Klit, 1956 Traustedt (C). Fil Se, 1938 Th. Seren sen (C). Tune, on a water hole in the southwestern p art of island, 191 ? A. Lange (C). Hoved gärd, Grumstrup 1\Iose, "1897 K. \\"ünstedt (C). Reme, Kongsmark, 1933 K. \Viinstedt (C); Juvre, 1933 K. Wiinstedt (C), sandy m eadow, 1959 C. Cedercreutz (H ). Sjaelland (Seeland). KikbaYn, 1929 J . Lindhard (C). Gurre Se, 1864. J . Lange (C) . Köbenhavn, Fred eriksberg, 1856 E. R ostrup (C). Saltbrek Vig, H. P . Ernstsen (C) . An holt, N\V coast, "1 930 J. Gront,·ed (OUL U) . F y n. Skaro, 1953 A. H ausen (C) . Geelskov, 1899 K. Wiinstedt (C) . Loll a nd. Bredfjed, 1878 E. R ostrup (C) . Bornholm. Balkastrand, 1930 S. Andersen (C). 1938 K. Wiinstedt (C) . Juncus alpinus Vill. x articulatus L. This hybrid, which was excellently described by MUREECK (1892), is very variable in appearance (Fig. 6, 7), since both of the parental species consist of several races. In the present description of the hybrid J. articulatus means only var. articulatus. ]. a!pinus X articu!atus is often rather tall (sometimes oyer 50 cm) and firm, but there are also short (20-30 cm) and fairly thin specimens. The rhizome is usually long and creeping. The culms are bright green, usuall y erect at the base and only rarely de cumbcnt.There are 2-4 fairly tllin, erect cauline lea\·es.The sheaths h ave very conspicuous scarious margins; the auricles may be long or short, and are usually quite obtuse. The inflorescence is very Yariable; it m ay be broad with a few, or several, clearly half globose heads, or Yery n arrow with a fe\Y long-branched and sparsely flowered heads, or n arrow with seYeral, sparsely flowered heads. The last-mentioned type of inflorescence resembles ]. articu!atus var. hy!andri yery much. The outer perianth segrnents are acumin ate, but the inner ones are often obtuse; both are light coloured. The capsule is hardly Ionger than the perianth, usually without seeds or sometimes witb a very fe\\· seeds or with poorly developed seeds. In some cases it is possible t o determine the subspecies of ]. alpinus in volved in the hybrids. F or instance, ]. alpimts s~ p. nodulosus (Wahlenb.) Lindm. X articulatus L. seems to ha,·e narrow long-branched inflorescence with few long-pedicelled flmYers (Fig. 6) . The hybrids between ]. alpinus ssp. arthrophyllus (Brenn.) H yl. and ]. articulatus L. seem to be tall and their inflorescence resembles that of ssp. arthrophyllus (Fig. 7). However, the identi fication of the parental subspecies or Yariety in every hybrid will not be possible until the races of ]. alpinus in Finland and elsewhere are better known. ] uncus alpinus X articulatus is rather common in Sweden and Norway (MURBECK 1892, HYLAKDER 1953), and Denmark (WnxsTEDT 1937). From Finland it has been recorded only from Regio aboensis (ARRHENIUS 1893, CAJANDER 1906, HrrTO::- to him, ] ALAS (1958), did not mention it from Finland. After my revision of the material in H and OULU it proved to have been collected in several places in the provinces Alandia, Regio aboensis, Nylandia, and Karelia borealis. There is also a specimen from the island Suursaari ( = Sur-sar; Hogland), U.S.S.R. Eastern Fennoscandian specimens examined: Finland Alandia. Lemland, a point opposite to Segelgrund, ·19'•9 Maida & A. Palmgren (H). Jomala, Espholm, 1952 Maida & A. Palmgren (H). Kumlinge, Yxskär, Hamnören, 1936 0. Eklund (I-I). Regio aboensis. Korpo, Jurmo, Svogen, shore, 1927 0. Eklund (H). Lojo, Lill-Ojamo dam, 191? Margit Boldt (H). Sammatti, Haarjän;, the shore of Haarjärvi, mouth of Hämjoki, 19lt9 S. Saarnijoki (H) . \'ihti, •in fossa ad pag. Suontaka una cum parentibus•>, 1892 J . A. Flinck (H). Nylandia. Bromarv, Sandö, 1963 0. Fortelius (OULU) . Mäntsälä, Sälinkää, the shore of Kotojärvi, 1953 L. Korhonen (H); Sulka,·a, S side of Sulkavajärvi, 1954 L . Korho nen (H ). Sibbo (Sipoo), Massby, the E shore of ~Ialmträsket, 1951 G. 1\Iarklund (I-I). Grankulla (Kauniainen), Plaskdammen, 1950 E. Häyren (H ). U.S.S. R . Karelian A.S.S.R. Suojärvi, Papero, roadside, 19 30 R. Tuomikoski (H). Leningrad District. Hagland (Suursaari). 1851 E . Nylander (H) . Summary The taxonomy, distribution and ecology of the :c\orth Etuopean races of ]uncus articulatus L ., em. Lagerst. & Krok and the hybrid ]. alpim1s Vill. x articu/atus L. are discussed, with special reference to their occurrence in Finland. jttncus articulatus var. hylandri H ämet-Ahti, var. nova, is found along the seashores a round the Baltic, at least in Finland, Sweden, Leningrad District and Estonia. Its chromosome nurober is 2n=80. ]uncus articulatus var. lindhardii (\Viinst.) \Viinst. is an oceanic race reported for Den mark, Sweden, Norway and Finland. ]. alpitms x artiwlatus has been recorded from severallocalities in Finland. ACTA BOTANICA FENNICA 72 17 References ALMQUIST, E. 1929: Upplands vegetation och flora. A cla Phytogeogr. Suec. 1: 1-622. ARRHENIUS, A. 1893: Nägra ord om Jnncus alpinus Vill. X lampocarpus Ehrh. och dess förekamst in Finlaud. M edd. Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. 19: 11 7-1 18. BRF.:-1:-IER, M. 1 888: Om d e i Finland förekommande formerna af Limu~s ursprungliga Tuncus articulatus. Medtl. Soc. F. Fl. Fmn. 16: 4 7-58. -•- 1889: Ueber Juncus articulatus L . in Fl. Suec. et Sp. plant. I. Bot. Centralbl. !,0: 37',-3/5. -•>- 192 1: Växtgeografiska studier i Barösunds skärgärd. Acta Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. 1,9 (5) : 1- 15"1. BUCHENAU, F. 1 89 0: l\lonographia Juncacearum. Bot. J ahrb. 12: 1-495. -•- 1906: Juncaceae. In A. ENGLER (ed.): Das Pflanzenreich 4 (36}: 1-254. CAJANDER, A. K . 1906: Melan Suomm kasvio. P. /64. H elsinki. CEDF.RCREUTZ, C. 1937: Pfl anzengeographische Einteilung der Seen Alands und die regionale Verteilung d er verschiedenen Sectypen. Acta Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. 60: 32 7-338. - •- 194 7: Die Gefässpflanzenvegetation der Seen auf Aland. Acta Bot. F enn. 38 : 1-/9. CLAPIL~)I, A. R. 1949: Taxonomie problems in Galium and Juncus. P. 72-74 in: A. J. \VILLMOTT (ed.), British flowering plants antimodern systematic methods. Cambridge. CLAPH.\M, A. R ., T UTIN, T . G. & \VARBURG, E . F . 1962: Flora of the British l sles. 2nd ed. P. 1267. Cambridge. EKLUND, 0. 1958: Die Gefässpflanzenflora beiderseits Skiftet im Schärenarchipel Süd• westfitmlands. Bidr. [(ännedom Finl. Natur och Folk 101: 1-324. ENGLU:-ID, B. 1942: Die Pflanzem·erteilung auf den ~f ee r es uf e rn \·on Gotland. Acta Bot. Fenn. 32: 1-282. F RlES, E. 181o5: Summa vegetabilium Scandinaviae. P. 238. Uppsala. GRAEBNER, P. 1896: Zur Flora der Kreise Putzig, Neustadt Wpr. und Lauenburg i. Pomm. Sehr. Naturforsch. Gesellsch. Danzig, N.F. 9: 271-396. -•- 1934: Juncaceae. Lebensgeschichte der Bliitenpflanzen Mitteleuropas 1 (3): 80-221. HIITONEN, I. 1933: Suomen kas,·io. l'anamon kirjoja 32: 1 -~92. HJELT, HJ. 1 892: Conspectus florae fennicae. II. Acta Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. 5: 1-562. HYLANDER, N. 1953: Nordisk kärlväxtflora. I. P. 392. Stockholm. H .~ YREN, E. 1902: Studier öh·er vegetationen p:i tillandningsomrädena i Ekenäs skär gärd . Acta Soc. F. Fl. Fem1. 23 (6): 1-175. -•- 1909: Björneborgstraktens vegetation och kärlväxtflora. Acta Soc. F. Fl. Femz. 32 (1} : 1-204. - •- 19 14: Über die Landvegetation und F lora d er l\feeresfelsen von Tvärminne. Acta Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. 39 (1}: 1-1 93 . ] AATINEN, S . 1950: Bidrag till k ännedomen om de äländska sjöarnas strandvegetation. Acta Bot. Fenn. loS: 1-354. ] ALAS, J. 1958: Juncus a rticulatus L .; Lagerst. & Krok - Solmuvihvil ä. P. 308-309 in J . ] ALAS (ed.), Suuri Kasvikirja I. Helsiuki. K UJALA, V. & ULVINEN, A. 1964: Floristische Untersuchungen in Ost-Kymeulaakso in Südfinnland. Am1. Bot. Soc. 'Va11amo' 35 (2} : 1-21 5. LEMBERG, B. ·1928: Studier över sandsträndernas vegetation p ä kuststräcken Lappvik Henriksberg. Memor. Soc. F. Fl. Fenn. 4: 63 - 85. - •- 1946: Studier över Stor-Pernävikens strandvegetation. Acta Soc. F . Fl. Fenn. 65 (2}: 1-1 /5. LövF., A. 1961: H ylandra- a new genus of Cruciferae. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 55: 211-217. LövE, A. & LÖVE, DoRis 191,8: Chromosome numbers of Northern plant species. I cel. Univ. h 1St. Appl. Sei. Dept. Agric. Rep. B 3: 1-131. -•- 1961: Chromosome numbers of Central and Northwest European plant species. Opera Bot. 5: 1-58 1. LUTHER, H . 1961 : Veränderungen in der Gefässpflanzenflora d er Meeresfelsen von T vär minne. Acta Bot. Fwn. 62: 1-100. MONTELL, J . 19 1o6: Vä..xtformer frän Aland. Mem. Soc. F. Fl. Fen11. 22: 189-193. MURBECK, S. 1892: Nilg-ra för Skandinaviens flora nya hybrider. I. Juncus alpinus Vill, x lampocarpus E hrh. Bot. Not. 1892: 193-196. 18 Leena Hämet-Ahti: Same races of Juncus articulatus L. in Finland PALMGREN, A . '1954: Ett beriktigande beträffande Juncus a lpinus Vill. uppträdande p a Aland. Me111or. Soc. F. Fl. F enn. 29: 58-59. -&- 1961: Havstra ndens vegetation och fl or a pä Aland. I. Veget a tion. Acta Bot. F enn. 61: 1-268. RAUNKI.iER, C. 1934: Dansk ekskt1rsions-jlora. 5nd ed. P . 1-:lG:l. Copenhagen. RAUNKI.iER, C. & WIINSTEDT, K . 1942 : Dansk ekskursions-f/ora. 6nd ed. Copenhagen. SHliHDT, V. M. 1965: Flora berego,·oi polosy okrestnost ei g. H aapsalu (Russian 'l"l'ith English summary). Vestnik Leningradsk. tmiv., ser. biol. 9 (2) : 64 - 73. TIMM, F. \V. & CLAPHAM, A. R. 1940: J ointed rushes of the Oxford district. New Phytol. 39: 1- 16. ULVINEN, A . 1937: Untersuchungen über die Strand- und \\'asserflor a d es Schären hofes am mittleren Mündungsarm des Flusses Kymijoki in Südfinnla nd. A nn. Bot. Soc. 'Vanamo' 8 (5): 1-152 . VAAHTOR.ANTA, LEENA 1964: Die Gefässpflanzen im Schä renhof von Pyhämaa und Pyhäranta a m Bottnischen llleerbusen, Südfitmla nd. A 1w. Bot. Fenn. 1: 292 - 363. WIINSTEDT, K. 1938: Juncaceernes Udbredelse i Danma rk. (Summa ry: The distribution of the Juncaceae within Denmark). Bot. T idsskr. 1,4; 4 1- 126. WIKEN, E . 1951: Lai-in för botanisier och zoologer. P . 497. ~I almö. 19 FJ.G. 4. Jun cus arti culal tiS L. yar . Type specituen. hylandri Hämet-A.ht Sca\e 1:2. i. 20 Leena H ärnet-A hti: Some races of J uncus articulatus L. in Finland .. . FIG. 5. juncus artiwlatus L. Ya r . lindhardii {\\"iinst.) \\"iinst. A b, K orpo, Bonästräsk, 1923 0. Eklund {H ). Scale in cm. .-\.CT.-\. BOT.-\.XIC.-\. FEXXICA 72 21 • ..' " I I .. · · j I FIG. 6. jrmcrrs alpinus \ "ill. (cf. ssp . nodulostt s (\\"ahlenb.) Lindm.) X arliwlalus L. Ab, \Vichtis (\"ihti), in fossa ad pag. Snontaka nna c. pa reutibus, 189 2 J. A. Flinck (H ). Scale in cm. 22 Leena H ämet-Ahti : Some races of J uncus articulatus L . in Finland . Q ...... ~ ~ ~ .~ ...... ~ • t . • .... ~~ \ / -.!1> ...... ~,.. .. " . _,. [ ,. .~ ...... ,...,... . ,. • # M ~·· .. -., ••.... ,...... ~ .. ·. -- ' .. ·"' . ,. .. .. : • "T. j .. ~..,· ",. I I \ \ I ~ Frc. 7. ] uncus alpinus \ "i!l. (cf. ssp. arthropllyllus (Brenn.) Hyl.) x articulatus L. X , Mäntsälä, Sälinkää, the shore of Kotojän -i, 1953 L. K orhonen (H ). Scale in cm. 47. E. J. Valovirta: Über die Strandhöhenzonen als Hilfsmittel bei der Erforschung der Schärenflora im Landhebungsgebiet. 24 S. (1950). 48. A. L. Backman: Najas minor All. in Europa einst und jetzt. 32 S. (1951). 49. Hans Luther: Verbreitung und Ökologie der höheren Wasserpflanzen im Brack wasser der Ekenäs-Gegend in Südfinnland. I. Allgemeiner Teil. 231 S. (1951). 50. Hans Luther: Verbreitung und Ökologie der höheren Wasserpflanzen im Brack wasser der Ekenäs-Gegend in Südfinnland. II. Spezieller Teil. 370 S. (1951). 51. M. R. Droop: On the ecology of Flagellates from some brackish and fresh water rockpools of Finland. 52 pp. (1953). 52. Hans Luther: Über Vaucheria arrhyncha Heidinger und die Heterokonten-Ordnung Vaucheriales Bohlin. 24 S. (1953). 53. Ernst Häyren: Wasser- und Uferpflanzen aus dem Päijänne-Gebiet. 42 S. (1954). 54. Lars Fagerström: Växtgeografiska studier i Strömfors-Pyttis skärgärd i östra Nyland med speciellt beaktande av lövängarna, artantalet samt en del arters lör• delning och invandring. 296 s. (1954). 55. Hans Luther: Über Krustenbewuchs an Steinen fliessender Gewässer, speziell in Südfinnland. 61 S. (1954). 56. llmari Hustich: Notes on the growth of Scotch Pine in Utsjoki in northernmost Finland. 13 pp. (1956). 57. Henrik Skult: Skogsbotaniska studier i Skärgärdshavet med speciell hänsyn till förhällandena i Korpo utskär. 244 s. (1956). 58. Rolf Grönhlad, Gerald A. Prowse and Artbur M. Scott: Sudanese Desmids. 82 pp. (1958). 59. Max von Schantz: Über das ätherische Öl beim Kalmus, Acorus calamus L. Phar makognostische Untersuchung. 138 S. (1958). 60. Harald Lindberg: Växter, kända frän Norden, i Linnes herbarium. Plantae e septen trione cognitae in herbario Linnaei. 133 pp. (1958). 61. Alvar Palmgren: Studier över havsstrandens vegetation och flora pä Aland. I. Vegetationen. 268 s. (1961). 62. Hans Luther: Veränderungen in der Gefässpflanzenflora der Meeresfelsen von Tvär• minne. 100 S. (1961). 63. Rolf Grönhlad: Sudanese Desmids II. 19 pp. (1962). 64. Veikko Lappalainen: The shore-line displacement on southern Lake Saimaa. 125 pp. (1962). 65. J. j. Donner: The zoning of the Post-Giacial pollen diagrams in Finland and the main changes in the forest composition. 40 pp. (1963). 66. Rolf Grönblad, Artbur JH. Scott and Haunah Croasdale: Desmids from Uganda and Lake Victoria, collected by Dr. Edna M. Lind. 57 pp. (1964). 67. Carl Eric Sonck: Die Gefässpflanzenflora von Pielisjärvi und Lieksa, Nordkarelien. 311 s. (1964). 68. F. W. Klingstedt: Über Farbenreaktionen von Flechten der Gattung Usnea. 23 S. (1965). 69. Arthur 111. Scott, Rolf Grönblad and Haunah Croasdale: Desmids from the Amazon Basin, Brazil, co!Jected by Dr. H. Sioli. 94 pp. (1965). 70. Teuvo Ahti: Parmelia olivacea and the allied non-isidiate and non-sorediate cor ticolous Iichens in tbe Nortbern Hemispbere. 68 pp. (1966). 71. Simo Juvonen: Über die die Terpenbiosynthese beeinflussenden Faktoren in Pinus silvestris L. 92 S. (1966). 72. Leena Hämet-Ahti: Some races of J uncus articulatus L. in Finland. 22 pp. (1966 ). 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