A BI-ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF ALLIED LAND COMMAND MAGAZINESPRING 2019

EXCLUSIVE Never Seen Before 50.000 participants during TRIDENT JUNCTURE 2018

READY MND-NE CREVAL assuming the role

1 GNC on standby for NATO spearhead

providing expertise in support of Alliance land forces readiness. MAGAZINE MAGAZINE

SPRING 2019 SPRING 2019 contents. Commander´s CSEL´s message message Russian strategies in the MENA 05 06

Challenges HOTO 07 08 Commander´s message 1GNC assumes NRF LCC Placemat 05 12 mission 22 CSEL´s message LANDCOM´s Joint Fires and 1GNC CREVAL 06 14 Targeting Strategy 24 Challenges during HOTO DCOM HOTO LANDCOM declares MND-NE combat ready 07 17 26 Russian strategies in the Terrain Walk in the NATO Interoperability I 08MENA 18information environment 28 The Russian National Guard Trident Jupiter / Loyal NATO Interoperability II 10 21Leda 30

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1GNC CREVAL 24 LANDCOM NATO declares MND-NE Interoperability I combat ready 28 38 08 26 LOPP NATO Interoperability III CIMIC Military Cooperation 32 40Training Mobile CIMIC Mobile Training Training Team Team LANDCOM divers 34 conmemorate WWI Gallipoli Back to the basis: 42campaign Intelligence for the soldier 35 The first Gender Week NATO Command Structure 36Adaptation 44 LOPP Mobile Treaining Team LANDCOM participated in 38 46Exercise Trident Juncture 18

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WELCOME social.let’s get LANDCOM twitter

“NATO steps boldly into 2019 with new commitments to women, peace and security. “Learnt a lot when I dropped in to We´ve been working for many see UK Armed Forces personnel in years to put it at the forefront of LANDCOM Izmir Turkey on Thursday. our agenda & this year we will be Some good officers and soldiers extendign the scope of gender serving NATO in a multi national equality to other areas.” HQ. Plenty of retention positive opportunities out there...got to seek them out and put your name forward.” @Gottemoeller @Glenn Haughton The LANDPOWER magazine is a bi-annual publication produced by Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) dedicated to the promotion of ac- tions and ideas, contributing to the improvement LANDCOM facebook of the NATO Force Structure (NFS) efficiency and effectiveness. The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of “NATO Alliance brings together “GO NATO! GO Allied Land our world strengths and closes Command! Turkey, Netherlands, the LANDCOM Commander, SACEUR, NATO or international gaps.” Denmark (my adopted country), its member nations and cannot be quoted as an all of NATO.” Jarnsaxa Thor official statement of those entities. An electronic Roger Corey version that includes additional links to in-depth articles, supplementary articles and an ability to “God bless you United states of “Be ready for Trident Juncture 2018 ! Copy provide online comments is available from the America and his NATO family. that ! Thank you.” We are allied ! Together we are invincible !.“ LANDCOM website (www.lc.nato.int).

Suman Mukherjee Lachezar Chernilov

Love It! A truly multi-national command & control organization, that is vitally To contact the LANDPOWER Magazine staff important to our freedom & safety, throughout the world! and/or to submit an article to be considered Dan Daley for publication in the next issue, please use the following contacts:

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SPRING 2019 from the COMMANDER the NCS and the NATO Force Structure Lieutenant General Richard Cripwell to foster cohesion, standardization, and replaced Lieutenant General Paolo interoperability. Ruggerio in February as the Deputy Commander. February also saw the Accordingly, Allied Land Command as the changeover from Lieutenant General domain advocate instituted a teaming Dimitrios Bikos and Warrant Officer approach with the Graduated Response Antonios Dourdas (Command Senior Force (Land) community to jointly advance Enlisted Leader) to Lieutenant General these initiatives. Though the teaming Konstantinos Koutras and Warrant Officer effort is nascent, it will provide coherence Ioannis Charisiadis (CSEL) at NATO Rapid to our efforts and ensure that lessons are Deployable Corps-Greece. At Allied indeed shared and learned. Its focus is on Rapid Reaction Corps, Command Sergeant capable and credible NATO land forces, Major Stu Davidson replaced Command ready to conduct decisive combined Sergeant Major Allan Ridler, while Chief arms operations in support of Alliance Warrant Officer Eric Poissant replaced objectives. Prime examples include the Chief Warrant Officer Luc Lacombe at Allied Rapid Reaction Corps leading on the Multi-National Corps-Northeast. We As we prepare to mark the 70th Land Command and Control Concept, the thank the outgoing leaders for their Anniversary of NATO on April 4, 2019, land 1st German-Netherlands Corps leading exceptional leadership and teamwork power remains more relevant and decisive on the Corps Troops/Enablers Vision, and welcome the incoming leaders to the than ever in today’s dynamic, complex and NATO Rapid Deployable Corps-Italy Land Domain team. Further key leader and uncertain security environment. leading on the Joint Fires and Targeting changes over the coming months include History teaches us that weakness invites Strategy, as well as the Multi-Corps the commanders of the 1st German- aggression, so warfighting readiness Land Component Command concept and Netherlands Corps, the Allied Rapid remains vitally important. Moreover, experimentation. Reaction Corps, and the EUROCORPS as while NATO has served Euro-Atlantic well as the CSEL for LANDCOM. Though security well for the past seven decades, Building and sustaining readiness remains the faces change, we can be confident the rapidly changing character of war in an our main effort. To this end, LANDCOM in continued strong leadership, the most era of great power competition mandates continues to synchronize training and decisive and dynamic element of combat adaptation to ensure continued Alliance exercises to enable NATO Land Forces power. success. to conduct decisive operations in support of Alliance objectives.Beyond As the Alliance took form under the From the Land Domain perspective, NATO implementation of the Long Term Washington Treaty, President Truman Command Structure Adaptation (NCS-A) Commitment Plan, we aim to employ a new described it as a “shield against aggression serves as the driving force behind our approach to combat readiness evaluations and the fear of aggression.” The land 2019-2023 Campaign Plan: Leading (CREVAL). The intent is to focus future domain is as resolute today as it was in Change—Fit for Purpose. While NCS-A CREVALs on training objectives that foster 1949; and in the words of the landmark increases structure and personnel across Corps-level Warfighting competencies treaty, we stand united to “safeguard the the NATO Command Structure (NCS) for using a tailored approach instead of simply freedom, common heritage and civilization the first time in decades, more importantly reviewing hundreds of “checklist” items. of their peoples.” Thank you for dutifully it is about changing our culture. This As one Corps Commander aptly put it, “we standing in the gap between freedom and entails promoting a culture of strategy have to get past process and focus more tyranny to preserve the peace that NATO to deal with today’s strategic challenges on content.” Ideally, the CREVAL process has ensured for the past 70 years. and revitalizing warfighting readiness to will facilitate a unit-led and unit-owned compete, deter, and if needed, fight and After Action Review (AAR) and training For the Soldier! win. support package that facilitate shared lessons and future readiness growth. Further, this includes review, refinement We are implementing the new approach and development of joint warfighting for the EUROCORPS during TRIDENT concepts and doctrine for command and JUPITER Part I in November 2019 to control, targeting, theater sustainment, certify the NATO Response Force (NRF) and multi-domain operations in addition Land Component Command (LCC). to realistic and rigorous training exercises. This year brings several changes in key It also requires strong linkage between land domain leadership. At LANDCOM, JOHN THOMSON LANDCOM Commander 05 MAGAZINE

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irrelevant.” During my tenure within NATO, force coherence. We must lead change to I noticed that staff personnel are reluctant become fit for purpose in order to ultimately to change, and are quick to quote processes support the Alliance’s core tasks, SACEUR’s which slow initiatives and ultimately work priorities and SHAPE’s four workstrands against change or Commander’s Intent. (Implement, Integrate, Operate, and Every new Commander reviews and takes Survive). LANDCOM must use 2019 to lay stock of the new post, reviews his or her the groundwork for fully implementing NCS mission, and provides a vision or new path Adaption in accordance with three lines of where he or she envisions future unit goals. effort: Mission Command; Build and Sustain Anyone with more than 10 minutes in the Readiness (Main Effort); and Advocate for Army will tell you that this is not something the Land Domain while strengthening new, and we all should be accustomed to Warfighting Competencies. this process. I would also add, NATO has a high turnover rate in all echelons and teams Some keys to success in supporting our are being formed and forged post summer Commander’s intent and / or vision based low manning period annually. So a word to on his direction and guidance follow. the wise to any supervisor, take your time Foster a “can do” attitude. Our Commander delivering your intent and expectations. supports leaders who lean into authorities. In a whirlwind last quarter, Communicating “low and slow” will save you Any leader or supervisor would rather have Headquarters Allied Land Command the time in the long run to ensure you won’t to pull the reins in on someone, rather (LANDCOM) made huge strides in forging have to deliver your expectations twice. than have to use a cattle prod! We must the “Land Team” in which we all can NATO is an international environment and continue to become a learning organization be proud. Some of our key tasks were it’s all about dignity and respect! by educating ourselves in concepts like advancing the Supreme Allied Commander Multi-Domain Operations and insert them Europe (SACEUR) priorities while All that said, I believe that one of the into our thinking or lexicon. playing key roles in the NATO Command most important roles of a Sergeant Major Structure’s (NCS) major activities. We led (SM) and / or Command Senior Enlisted In closing, I would like to congratulate change with NCS Adaptation developing Leader (CSEL) be it Tactical or Strategic, French Army Sergeant J. Moron for manning structures and standard operating is his or her ability to communicate the receiving our LANDCOM’s Soldier of the procedures to ensure we are ready to fulfill Commander’s intent and priorities. That’s Year or “Sgt. Yahya” award for his dedication our Land Component Command (LCC) both down and in, and up and out. This in and professionalism. Well done! role today, while setting the conditions in my opinion is an art, which can’t be taught terms of training and exercise programs by attending leadership classes, but rather Lastly, I think it’s important to highlight to validate and elevate future roles like: honed through years of experience working some words of wisdom, or rules to live by Theatre Land Component (TLC), Multi- with numerous leaders. Initially, in order from our new Commander, U.S. Army Lt. Corps Land Component Commands to provide added value in supporting the Gen. John C. Thomson III, which we all (MCLCC), and Deployable Land Elements Commander’s intent, a SM/CSEL must should personally take stock in: (DLE). Our successful participation in establish a relationship built on trust Exercise TRIDENT JUNCTURE 2018, and with the Commander. He or she should “Words Whisper – ACTIONS THUNDER!” the certification of Multi National Division always understand that there is only one (Product over process) North-East (MND-NE) and the 1st German Commander, and respect his or her position Netherlands Corps (1 GNC) for the NATO in terms of authorities when providing “Three things we cannot requisition on short Response Force role for 2019 is something advice. Understanding your left and right notice: TRUST, FITNESS, and DISCIPLINE!” all Officers and Non-commissioned Officers limits, and finding your position within the (NCOs) alike can take pride in. “Bravo Zulu”! Commander’s battle rhythm and personal See you on the Battlefield! battlespace are critical for success. Commander’s Intent “FOR THE SOLDIER!” Now without plagiarizing the entire Change is constant in any organization. You LANDCOM’s Commander’s 2019 Directive, can either resist it or embrace it, but I would I feel it is important to enhance and advocate tell you “Leaders” do the latter. I often heard some key points. We must continue our role and repeated the analogy, “if you don’t as NATO’s land domain advocate focused like change, you’re going to hate being on warfighting competencies and land STEPHEN RICE LANDCOM Command Senior Enlisted Leader 06 MAGAZINE

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Challenges during Hand Over / Take Over

By Lt. Col. Tamas Kender (HUN), LANDCOM G3 Current Operations In the first five decades aim of providing SHAPE / U.S. European forth the lessons identified from this of NATO’s existence, while nations Command coordinated guidance to work to support Polish Land Forces prepared for a big clash threatening facilitate the process of transition. during REDWOOD TTX as a part of the each other with nuclear retaliation, ANAKONDA 2018 Exercise. After final NATO planned “real” operations, but did In this context the HOTO is defined as harmonization amongst the services, not conduct them. However, the end a transition of an ongoing operation ACO and U.S. commands; all SOPs were of the Cold War opened a new era of from a non-NATO actor, NATO country finalized and approved in December crises and the strongest organization of or coalition to NATO with continuity of 2018. However, the work is ongoing defense answered the new challenges Situational Awareness, communication with more to be done. The SHAPE-led of failing countries, ethnic civil wars, and effort, while maintaining operational HOTO team and service-specific teams international terrorism, etc., deploying momentum to demonstrate Alliance will review and revise Allied Directive forces outside of the Alliance’s resolve. It is understood as a two-tiered 080-109 during a HOTO Workshop collective borders. In these operations process that encompasses transfer of hosted by LANDCOM in April 2019. To where NATO assumed leadership from Command and Control from non-NATO be a good advocate for the land domain, U.S.-led coalitions1, NATO identified to NATO, and transfer of authority over LANDCOM must also be a learning important lessons. Although NATO forces from national to NATO command. organization. conducted successful transitions, different issues rooted in the complexity With these key documents in hand, Therefore, the newly developed Land of the unstandardized international the Allied Command Operations (ACO) SOP needs to be experimented through environment, interoperability and commands and services started two exercise, then refined and exercised demanding timelines interrupted years of challenging work and drafted again. Accordingly, LANDCOM will the operational momentum. Factors their respective Standard Operating conduct a land-focused HOTO TTX as and risks arose which needed to be Procedures (SOP), while continuously part of its Battle Staff Training with the identified, understood and mitigated. coordinating with their fellow U.S. aim of enhancing mutual understanding Although, NATO publications exist for commands. NATO Allied Land Command of the staff, and internal coordination conducting a “Relief in Place” including (LANDCOM), as the Alliance’s land for further refinement of the document. the Hand Over / Take Over (HOTO) advocate, in close coordination with between NATO Headquarters2, the U.S. Army Europe developed the SOP Upon conclusion of this work, the SOP need for documents to standardize for the land domain to use as a Land will serve any ground-based, war- procedures with other, non-NATO Component Command (LCC) at any fighting headquarters taking over the entities are necessary. Toward this stage of a crisis. LCC role in a multi-domain conflict. goal Supreme Headquarters Allied

Powers Europe (SHAPE) developed a During a SHAPE-led Table Top Exercise 1Bosnia 1995, Afghanistan 2003, Libia 2011 3 concept more than two years ago, and (TTX), the units further discussed and 2NATO STANAG-2082 – Relief of Combat Troops a Supreme Allied Commander Europe validated all the service-specific SOPs. 3SH/PLANS/J5/STP1/VP/18-318164/3 – Concept for Hand Over/Take Over of an (SACEUR) Directive4 followed with the The LANDCOM project team brought ongoing operation from non-NATO actor, NATO country or coalition to NATO (Dated 12JAN2018) 4ACO Directive 080-190 – ACO Operations Hand Over/Take Over Process (Dated 18JAN2018) 07 MAGAZINE

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Russian Strategies in the MENA

By Lt. Col. Giuseppe Guerra (ITA), LANDCOM G2. “Russia’s leadership and its diplomatic Moscow is pursuing a military, diplomatic, and economic activism in the MENA reveal Moscow’s strategy to extend its influence over the Middle East and intention to remain a decisive player North Africa (MENA), which raises the issue of Russia throughout the region indefinitely”. becoming a permanent threat to NATO’s Southern flank when it is already a major one to its Eastern flank Lines of Action The Return Russian strategy can be divided into three lines of action: Since the mid-2000s, Russia worked to rebuild its political/diplomatic, economic, and military. influence and standing in the MENA, reversing a trend since the end of the Cold War, in which it was almost 1. Political and Diplomatic Strategy completely excluded. After the so-called Arab Spring, Russian intervention in the Mediterranean region is Historically, Russian foreign policy in the Middle East characterized by exploiting the political chaos that has always been a top priority for expanding Moscow’s followed those revolutions. This led to a realignment of geopolitical interests, extending its projection to the the ruling classes, such as in Egypt, which proved to have Mediterranean Sea. In this context, Syria holds great closer relations to Moscow. Additionally, the Syrian and strategic value for Russian expansionism in the Middle Libyan conflicts opened up new possibilities to create East. Russian intervention in Syria revealed its political Russian alliances and political agreements. nature to exploited the Syrian crisis to get closer to Damascus, and to play a leading role in Middle Eastern affairs at the expense of the West.

Also in North Africa, Moscow is playing its proactive role on a multiplicity of crisis scenarios to include Lybia and Yemen, in a variety of fronts that continue to offer them rich opportunities. During the last four years, Russia increased its influence in the area. The sale of arms and the stipulation of economic agreements were the most effective instrument for making solidifying relations with key regional powers, such as Egypt, while simultaneously

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challenging Western interests in the region. This process creates an integrated vision of agreement with the Syrian government Russia’s leadership and its diplomatic the economic development between Russia to use the port for 49 years with the activism in the MENA reveal Moscow’s and Africa. Both Russia’s and Africa’s geo- possibility of extending it automatically for intention to remain a decisive player economic situation are very similar, having another 25 years. throughout the region indefinitely. large reserves of raw materials, creating a long-term geopolitical interest for Moscow 2. Economic Strategy and a synergy between the best practices of both Russia and the African continent. Russia completed an advanced anti-access/ With regard to Russian economic policy, area denial (A2AD) network combining its nuclear energy plays a pivotal role in air defense and electronic warfare systems expanding Moscow’s strategic interests as operated by Syria. Russia can use these well as developing national cooperation Since 2000, Russian exports increased capabilities to challenge NATO on the pacts in agriculture, medicine, and mining considerably. For example, wheat exports Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. which will strengthen Moscow’s political have jumped from one percent to 20 and cultural influence in MENA. percent in the last year, with the main Aditionally, Moscow is excercising importers of Russian wheat coming from considerable interest in military cooperation North Africa. It is a further step towards the agreements with other countries in the objective of diversifying Russia’s economy, region. For example, in Egypt new forms of Moscow’s goal is to counter Western which is largely dependent on the sale of military and technical-military cooperation influence in Africa by establishing itself as gas and oil. were implemented. Over the last three an economic and strategic operator. Russia’s years, Russian and Egyptian airborne troops role in the global markets, especially in the In addition, Russian military exports to conducted joint anti-terrorist exercises with field of raw materials to include both oil and Africa are increasing. Between 2007 and the aim of countering the terrorist threat non-oil resources, is comparatively different 2018, Russia sold 21 billion weapons in 15 more effectively and increasing the level from Western countries relationship with African nations, mainly to Algeria and Egypt. of partnership and military cooperation African nations. Moscow places a premium between the two countries. on human capital in Africa, in which the ruling classes have to be trained, followed Conclusion by the masses in order to be productive. 3. Military Strategy By satisfying its ambitions, Russia become Russia’s strategic goals include a main actor in the new geopolitics of strengthening its aeronaval presence in the Mediterranean and it is clear that this the waters of the eastern Mediterranean. represents a new challenge, in which NATO Moscow, since 2015, implemented has an important role to play in the future. defensive infrastructure around the port of Tartus and the Khmemim Russian air base, south of Latakia City, Syria. According to open sources, Russia installed the S-400 missile defense systems around both bases. In the near future, the port of Tartus will be expanded at an estimated cost of 3.2 billion Rubles. Russia signed an 09 MAGAZINE

SPRING 2019 THE RUSSIAN NATIONAL GUARD

By Maj. Carlos Pereira (ESP), LANDCOM G2.

The Russian National Guard is These troops were previously under the • territorial defense of the Russian an internal military force of the Russian control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Federation, to assist border authorities federal government, created in 2016. or Emergency. of the Federal Security Service and From the beginning, the establishment participate in repelling the aggression; of the Russian National Guard became a The formation of the Russian National and controversial topic among the analysts Guard takes place in three stages. The due to its size, capabilities, reliability, first phase transformed the Interior • interventions of civil defense responsibilities and possible missions. Troops, the OMON units and SOBR units administration and military units into National Guard units. The second subordinate to the County territorial Origin and Establishment step involves the expansion of the bodies, offices and agencies. troops’ organizational and staff structure, Its full name is the Federal National harmonizing regulations. Finally, the From the beginning, questions arose Guard Troops Service of the Russian third phase envisions the completion of about whether it would or could Federation, although the acronym all the organizational activities and the potentially be used for foreign operations. Rosgvardiya (“Russian Guard”) is execution of its mission. The process This is not specifically detailed in its commonly used. is currently under development, and to main tasks, but its commander suggested assess the level of achievement already that it could at least be sent abroad for The origin of the establishment of the reached is difficult. peacekeeping and stability operations. National Guard appears to be an effort to So far, its participation in external enhance efficiency and avoid duplication Missions and Responsibilities of responsibilities within the internal Russian security system. This organization The main tasks of the National Guard of The Russian is basically the successor of the former: the Russian Federation are: National Guard was • Internal Troops of Russia (MVD); • participation in the protection of created in 2016. public order, public security; From the beginning, the • The Special Purpose Police Unit (designated as OMON), used as • protection of important public establishment of the riot police or a gendarmerie paramilitary facilities, special loads and structures on Russian National Guard force; communications; became a controversial • The Special Rapid Response Unit • involved in the fight against topic among the (called SOBR), with the primary function terrorism and extremism; analysts due to its size, of combating organized crime and anti- terrorism operations; and • participation in the regimes of a capabilities, reliability, State of emergency, martial law, the legal responsibilities and • Emergency Situations personnel. regime of counter-terrorist operations; possible missions.

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Special Rapid Response Unit training. conflicts was denied. Nonetheless, institutional resistance than other forces, Furthermore, there is a Special Purpose analysts hold that the Russian National based on its loyalty making it a new pillar Division, as a reserve force. Recent Guard would be an excellent tool for use of the President’s power. estimates put the current strength in the “near term” because it is not well around 340,000 troops. known giving the Russians the option of Structure and Capabilities plausible deniability. The equipment of the Russian National The Russian National Guard is organized Guard is basically the same as the former In addition, the Russian National Guard into a composed structure, consisting Internal Troops: light weapons, light and could potentially develop a critical of six main branches or specialties. The armored vehicles, and specific anti-riot internal role in the balance of Russian territorial organization consists of eight and anti-terrorist material. Analysts power. It is directly subordinate to the Districts, which have the same name believe that it has been reinforced President of the Russian Federation. and area of responsibility as the eight with new equipment, such as mine- The Russian National Guard executes Russian Federal Districts. Each District resistant ambush protected vehicles, new their orders with less bureaucracy or consists of units of different specialties. helicopters, remote control vehicles, UAV, weapons against underwater sabotage forces and non-lethal weapons.

Conclusions

Although the Russian National Guard is a young organization, it is already a large military force with a wide spectrum of capabilities, providing Russia with an excellent tool for the internal security of the Federation. With the lack of knowledge about its missions, new capabilities and chain of command, analysts have much to learn and understand about its role in the internal Russian power dynamics and its possible future involvement in foreign operations.

The National Guard territorial structure keeps the Russian Federal Districts organization.

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FRONT 1GNC ASSUMES THE NRF LAND COMPONENT COMMAND MISSION LINE

Dutch-German Headquarters on standby for nato spearhead Munster > Germany

By 1GNC Public Affairs Office. GOOD DAYS ARE AHEAD The 1st German/Netherlands Corps (1GNC) assumed the NATO Response Force (NRF) mission from the NATO Rapid Deployable Corps Italy as the Land Component Command on Jan. 9, 2019. A special roll call at the Prinz Claus Barracks in Münster, Germany solidified the start of the NATO Headquarters’ standby mission. Throughout the year on standby, 1GNC can Very High Readiness Joint Task Force be deployed to command land forces all over the world on short notice. “The NATO allies trust on In the ceremony, the command of the Very the NATO response force as a vital element in High Readiness Joint Task Force (VJTF) was also our collective defence,” said Lt. Gen. Michiel van transferred. In 2019, the unit will be based on the der Laan, Commander of 1GNC. “And we have German 9th Panzerlehrbrigade. The Netherlands proven to be ready for it.” and Norway support the German contingent with Lt. Gen. John capabilities such as aviation and mechanized infantry. France, Belgium, Luxembourg, the Czech Thomson NATO Response Force Republic, Latvia and Lithuania also provide forces. “MICHIEL – THANK YOU AND Launched in 2002, the NRF is a highly ready NATO heads of state and governments agreed YOUR TEAM FOR TAKING and technologically advanced, multinational to create the VJTF at the Wales Summit in 2014 force made up of land, air, maritime, and Special in response to a changed security environment. ON THIS VITAL MISSION, Operations forces. It can be deployed quickly, “Once activated, the VJTF, is available to move AS WELL AS HOSTING wherever needed for the collective defence immediately to defend any ally against any threat,” TODAY’S CEREMONY. WE ARE of NATO’s territory or other crisis-response said NATO spokesperson Oana Lungescu. FORTUNATE TO HAVE YOUR operations. The NRF is based on a rotational LEADERSHIP AND TEAMWORK system where allied nations commit units for a The 1GNC was part of the NRF on three AT THE HELM OF THE NATO period of 12 months. occasions: 2005, 2008, and 2015. “We are again RESPONSE FORCE. “ on standby, ready to be deployed wherever and whenever,” concluded Van der Laan. 12 MAGAZINE

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U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John Thomson, Commander of NATO Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) passes the NATO Response Force (NRF) standard to Netherlands Army Lt. Gen. Michiel van der Laan, Left to right, Italian Army Command Sgt. Maj. Amedeo Russo, Commander of 1st German Netherlands Corps (1GNC) during the Command Senior Enlisted Leader (CSEL) of NATO Rapid Deployable ceremony when they received the mission to be the NRF from Corps – Italy (NRDC-ITA) and Netherlands Army Command Sgt. Maj. NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy, Jan. 9, 2019. The 1GNC (WO1) Andre Koot, CSEL of 1st German Netherlands Corps (1GNC) will be on call during the entire year of 2019 as they are prepared grasp the NATO Response Force (NRF) standard after the ceremony for any call to deploy anywhere for the collective defense of the to recognize the hand-over of the NRF mission from NRDC-ITA to Alliance. Thomson said during his ceremony speech, “LTG Michiel 1GNC as Canadian Army Command Sgt. Maj. (CWO1) Stephen Rice, van der Laan and the 1st German Netherlands Corps are exactly CSEL of NATO Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) observes, Jan. the right team to assume the NRF Land Component Command 9, 2019. The 1GNC will be on call during the entire year of 2019 as mission.” He added, “Michiel – thank you and your team for taking they are prepared for any call to deploy anywhere for the collective on this vital mission, as well as hosting today’s ceremony. We are defense of the Alliance. fortunate to have your leadership and teamwork at the helm of the NATO Response Force.” LTG Michiel van der Laan and the 1st German Netherlands Corps are exactly the right team to assume the NRF Land Component Command mission.

Left to right, Italian Army Lt. Gen. Roberto Perretti, Commander of NATO Rapid Deployable Corps – Italy (NRDC-ITA); U.S. Army Lt. The personnel of 1 German/Netherlands Corps will be standby Gen. John Thomson, Commander of NATO Allied Land Command throughout 2019 as Land Component Command for the NATO (LANDCOM); and Netherlands Army Lt. Gen. Michiel van der Laan, Response Force. Commander of 1st German Netherlands Corps (1GNC) clasp hands during the ceremony to recognize the hand-over of the NATO Response Force mission from NRDC-ITA to 1GNC, Jan. 9, 2019. The 1GNC will be on call during the entire year of 2019 as they are prepared for any call to deploy anywhere for the collective defense of the Alliance. (NATO photo courtesy of 1GNC Public Affairs.) 13 MAGAZINE

SPRING 2019 LANDCOM´S JOINT FIRES AND TARGETING STRATEGY: DEVELOPING SOLUTIONS FIT-FOR-PURPOSE By Lt. Col. Brian Newell (USA), LANDCOM G3 Fires.

In today’s complex, dynamic, and In response, NATO Command Structure (SHAPE), to develop a Joint Fires and uncertain security environment, near peer Adaptation (NCS-A) significantly improves Targeting Strategy aimed at improving Joint threats and potential state-based peer NATO’s ability to address these existing Fires and Targeting within NATO through adversaries are flexing their muscles and and emerging threats and challenges in the lens of NCS-A. executing hybrid activities across multiple an evolving security environment. In domains below the threshold of war. particular, the establishment of the Joint LANDCOM’s Joint Fires and Targeting While terrorism remains present, inter- Effects function in NATO under NCS-A Strategy is a programmatic, federated state strategic competition is the primary is bringing critical enhancement to approach within NATO through concern and pacing threat for which NATO NATO’s ability to deliver effects. Key to contributions from the NCS and NATO must prepare to ensure nations’ collective success under this new construct is the Force Structure (NFS) Headquarters defense in preservation of our shared development of a Joint Fires and Targeting to increase readiness and warfighting values. Potential peer and near-peer discipline fit-for-purpose and capable capability in Joint Fires and Targeting adversaries invested significant energy and of meeting nations’ requirements with by: improving processes, training resources to prevent us from getting close, the ability to integrate, synchronize and and education, doctrine and policy, with an extended, layered defense across execute lethal and non-lethal capabilities interoperability, organizational structure, all domains to create stand-off. Potential to achieve effects. To this end, Allied as well as, building capability and capacity adversaries are also actively operating in Land Command (LANDCOM) created to deter and defend. The process began multiple domains through hybrid warfare an initiative, at the direction of Supreme in May 2018 at the annual LANDCOM as demonstrated in recent years. Headquarters Allied Powers Europe Joint Fires and Targeting Seminar where

A Belgian artillery crew uses their firing procedures to fire a LG Giat 105-mm gun during live fire training at the Rena Firing Range, Norway on Oct. 26, 2018. The unit is part of NATO’s Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, which is deployed to Norway for Trident Juncture 2018. NATO’s Trident Juncture 2018 is the largest military exercise ever held in Norway. During October and November, approximately 50,000 personnel, 10,000 vehicles, 250 aircraft and 65 vessels from 31 NATO and partner nations are in Norway for Exercise Trident Juncture 2018. The exercise demonstrates NATO’s commitment to the collective defense of the Alliance. (NATO photo by Belgian Army Cpl. Sedeyn Ritchie, Belgian Combat Camera.)

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A Belgian Howitzer battery team fires a round downrange at Rena Firing Range, Norway on Oct. 27, 2018. The unit is part of NATO’s Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, which is exercising in Norway as part of Trident Juncture 2018. NATO’s Trident Juncture 2018 is the largest military exercise ever held in Norway. The exercise tests the military chain from troop training at the tactical level, to command over large forces. It trains the troops of the NATO Response Force and forces from member and partner nations, ensuring they can work seamlessly together. (NATO photo by U.S. Army Sgt. First Class Michael O’Brien, Allied Joint Forces Command Naples Public Affairs.)

A Belgian artillery crew prepares a LG Giat 105-mm gun for live firing at the Rena Firing Range, Norway on Oct. 26, 2018. The unit is part of NATO’s Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, which is deployed to Norway for Trident Juncture 2018. NATO’s Trident Juncture 2018 is the largest military exercise ever held in Norway. (NATO photo by Belgian Army Cpl. Sedeyn Ritchie, Belgian Combat Camera.)

participants across NCS / NFS studied how Material, Leadership, Personnel, Facilities, possible solutions. Key tasks during this Joint Fires were planned / executed and Interoperability (DOTMLPFI) methodology, phase include the creation of a roadmap the targeting cycle conducted in both real LANDCOM organized the challenges into detailing the way ahead and the POAM world operations and exercises from both work strands and identified a custodian for each work strand. This first phase a friendly and adversarial perspectives. at the strategic, operational, and tactical also involves taking certain actions now The study yielded challenges with respect levels where appropriate to champion to improve “fight tonight” readiness, to interoperability, planning, execution, the development of solutions with an including doctrinal and Standard Operating exercise design, training and education, associated plan of action and milestones Procedures updates, implementation and organization and structure. (POAM). The strategy consists of three of interoperability work-arounds, and phases: (1) Fight Tonight (2018-2019): improvements to the battle rhythm – some Using the Doctrine, Organization, Training, Defining the Problem, Implementing of which were integrated in TRIDENT Immediate Fixes and Developing JUNCTURE 2018 with positive results. Possible Solutions; (2) New Term Goals The second phase focuses on specific The establishment (2019-2020): Implementing and Testing seminars/conferences, training events and Solutions; and (3) Long Term Goals (2021- exercises to mass our collective efforts of the Joint Effects 2023): Continued Testing, Validating and with the goal of advancing the progress of function in NATO under Refining Solutions. one or more work strands to ensure the NCS-A is bringing critical development of workable solutions and future capability requirements for testing enhancement to NATO’s The initial phase entails defining the and validation in the third and final phase. ability to deliver effects. problem to be solved and developing The final outputs of the strategy will see

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revisions to each facet of the DOTMLPFI, will result in a roadmap of the way ahead acquisition to sustainment, development producing the following: revised doctrine, and a Joint Fires Vision to drive future of tactics, techniques and procedures; updates to policy changes to organization developments and requirements to meet standardization; leader development, and structure, improved training criteria the challenges of the future. Upcoming and training and exercises. Only through and processes, interoperable material/ exercises in 2019 and 2020, including our combined efforts can we succeed in systems, enhanced collective and DYNAMIC FRONT 2019, RAMSTEIN bettering our JointFires and Targeting individual training, and the development AMBITION 2019, and the TRIDENT discipline to improve NATO’s Joint Effects of Joint Fires capability requirements that JUPITER / LOYAL LEDA series will provide function to meet current and future enable the NCS/NFS to address existing opportunities to incorporate one or more challenges. and emerging threats in the future. work strands to implement and test solutions. Currently, we are in phase one of this three-phased plan. Over the next couple In summary, the success of this initiative of months, several events will help inform depends greatly on cooperation among the process including the SHAPE Joint the NCS, NFS and contributing nations Effects Conference in February 2019 and – including NATO’s partners. Everything LANDCOM’s own Joint Fires and Targeting we do in the Alliance needs to be done Seminar in March 2019. The outcome in the context of interoperability from

A Belgian artillery crew fires a LG Giat 105-mm gun during live fire training at the Rena Firing Range, Norway on Oct. 26, 2018. The unit is part of NATO’s Very High Readiness Joint Task Force, which is deployed to Norway for Trident Juncture 2018. NATO’s Trident Juncture 2018 is the largest military exercise ever held in Norway. (NATO photo by Belgian Army Cpl. Sedeyn Ritchie, Belgian Combat Camera.)

A Belgian artillery crew uses their firing procedures to fire a LG Giat 105-mm gun during live fire training at the Rena Firing Range, Norway on Oct. 26, 2018. During October and November, approximately 50,000 personnel, 10,000 vehicles, 250 aircraft and 65 vessels from 31 NATO and partner nations are in Norway for Exercise Trident Juncture 2018. The exercise demonstrates NATO’s commitment to the collective defense of the Alliance. (NATO photo by Belgian Army Cpl. Sedeyn Ritchie, Belgian Combat Camera.)

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SPRING 2019 LANDCOM TRANSITIONS DEPUTY COMMANDERS By Lt. Col. David Olson (USA), LANDCOM Public Affairs Office.

IZMIR, Turkey – Italian Army Lt. Gen. Paolo Ruggiero passed the mantle of responsibility as NATO’s Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) Deputy Commander to British Army Lt. Gen. Richard Cripwell in a ceremony held today in front of family, friends and Soldiers at the LANDCOM Headquarters. U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John Thomson, the LANDCOM Commander, presided over the ceremony. “It was truly an honour to temporarily command the Headquarters on two occasions,” said Ruggiero. “I would like to thank all those in the Command Group with whom I had the pleasure to work. I would also like to recognize and thank our host nation for their continued and much appreciated support, both to the headquarters and to our families living in this beautiful city of Izmir. I would like to wish my successor all the best for his assignment as the fourth Deputy Commander of Allied Land Command. Teşekkür ederim.” During his speech, Thomson thanked Lt. Gen. and Holly Ruggiero for their leadership to LANDCOM and for their excellent work in the local community. Ruggiero “superbly served as our Deputy Commander for the past three years, which is 50 percent of LANDCOM’s lifespan,” said Thomson. His “tenure included five Land Component Corps Commander Conferences, multiple major NATO exercises such as TRIDENT JAVELIN and TRIDENT JUNCTURE, several Combat Readiness Evaluations… [and] his travels took him from the high north to northern Africa, and from the Atlantic to the Black Sea.” The new deputy commander, Lt. Gen. Cripwell, is coming from Resolute Support Mission at Kabul, Afghanistan, where he served as the Deputy Commander. Lt. Gen. Ruggiero returns to Italy for his next assignment.

Italian Army Lt. Gen. Paolo Ruggiero passed the mantle of responsibility as NATO’s Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) Deputy Commander to British Army Lt. Gen. Richard Cripwell in a ceremony held today in front of family, friends and Soldiers at the LANDCOM Headquarters. U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John Thomson, the LANDCOM Commander, presided over the ceremony. Left to right, British Army Lt. Gen. Richard Cripwell, incoming Deputy Commander (DCOM), U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John Thomson, Commander, and Italian Army Lt. Gen. Paolo Ruggiero, outgoing DCOM.

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SPRING 2019 TERRAIN WALK in the Information Environment

By Lt. Col. Ulrich M. Janssen (DEU), LANDCOM COMMS DIV.

“In this direction, as I show, we our own mission? Well, first of have an up to 4 km clear view and excellent all, there is information itself. field of fire for guided anti-tank missiles. We Information and sharing of should reserve this excellent gun position information are very natural for our anti-tank platoon. The forest to our for human beings and left provides a good option for a covered characterize social behaviour approach. And the broad and fast flowing - no matter whether military river in the middle ground prevents the or civilians. Either I don’t enemy from attacking us by surprise.” This is know but want to know a typical sequence of a terrain assessment or need to know, and ask that every young Army soldier is supposed a question, or I know to learn by heart during the first steps of and want to share my a military career. How does the terrain knowledge with others. support our mission? What is advantageous; “Sharing information is what is disadvantageous with regard to the a responsibility, not a accomplishment of my mission? Identify and risk,” former Supreme name the things that will affect our own Allied Commander mission, judge, and conclude. A terrain walk Transformation is due and a prerequisite for success of any (SACT) French kind of land-based military operation … in Army Gen. Stephane a two- or three-dimensional operational Abrail said in 2010. Actually, sharing environment. Soldiers have to learn and or exchanging information is so natural apply a specific lexicon to be precise and that Paul Watzlawick1 and his colleagues clearly understood. But how is the situation in 1967 stated the first axiom of modern in a rapidly evolving, multi-domain and communications that is still valid more constantly changing adaptive environment than 50 years later, “One cannot not like the Information Environment? communicate!” Translated for the soldier, everything you do (or don’t do), if observed, First and foremost, what is the Information transmits a message. You cannot avoid Environment (IE), what are the specific communicating – no matter how hard you Andrew Mackay and Steve characteristics, and what are the features try. Tatham: Behavioural Conflict: to take into consideration when operating Why Understanding People in the IE? What is in the specific language But what is it that communicates? and Their Motivation will soldiers have to learn to describe this Everything! Once your request for Proof Decisive in Future Con- environment and identify the things that information (your question) is out, the flict, http://www.behavioural- are advantageous or disadvantageous for intelligence (intel.) community gathers raw conflict.com/

1 Paul Watzlawick (July 25, 1921 – March 31, 2007) was an Austrian-American psychologist, communication theorist, and philosopher: a theoretician in communication theory and radical constructivism. He was one of the most influential figures at the Mental Research Institute and lived and worked in Palo Alto, California. 18 MAGAZINE

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data from observations or any other kind Now that we finally mentioned ICT, of data collection. This raw data will end it’s not a secret to say that the use of Lt. Col. Ulrich M. Janssen up on the intel. analyst’s desk whose information nowadays is highly dependent task it is to bring the information, in the on technology. Technology helps us right format, structure it, order it, and put gather raw data, structure it, analyse it, it in context to create new knowledge. store it, share it, and deliver information German Army Lieutenant Colonel This knowledge will then feed decision- in a broad variety of formats and in Ulrich M. Janssen looks back on more making. In the next step this information various ways. than 38 years of military service. He goes into a plan, and into direction graduated in Economics & Business and guidance. Finally, based on this While trying to highlight the Administration from Helmut- information a mission will be executed – characteristics of information in the Schmidt-University, Hamburg. For that is when action (fires and manoeuvre) previous four paragraphs of this article, the last 20 years he’s been working happens on the battlefield. Afterwards I started with human behaviour; the for NATO and in international data will be collected, evaluated, and way people engage with each other organizations where he held positions assessed to find out (control) a few things: (sociology) and the way people feel and in command and staff functions as did a unit or formation do what they think (psychology) – in the cognitive well as in professional education and were told to do (measuring performance), area. Second, I described the role of training. did the enemy change his behaviour as information in planning and decision- Over the last fifteen years he anticipated (measuring effect), and if so, making, in all phases of an operation, specialized on concept development, did the enemy change his behaviour, and highlighted some options to break policy, plans and requirements in the because we did something (measuring into an enemy’s information process by context of planning at the operational effectiveness)? What I just tried to targeting the flow of information inside and strategic level with a focus on describe in one paragraph is the power of his organisation or affecting his ICT. So, information and communications. He information in all phases of an operation, on the characteristics of information, contributed significantly to concept in Observe, Orient, Decide, Execute, and we combined cognitive with procedural development and experimentation Assess. Information was involved in all (informational) and technical (physical) regarding Information Operations these phases, so let’s have a closer look aspects. Information is a multi-domain and analyzed the implications of at a factor that will impact every aspect of factor to consider at all stages and phases Strategic Communications for the military operations. of an operation. military in crisis prevention and conflict transformation. Considering information is so important Subsequently, we described the IE as in all phases of an operation, maybe the environment in which information we can target enemy information while is gathered, processed, and exchanged. technology. An environment that is global, protecting our own. Great idea, and in The IE consists of the information itself, multi-dimensional, highly dynamic, rapidly fact we can, and should consider targeting people, structures, processes, and changing, affecting own, adversarial, and information in three ways. First, the neutral audiences, and doesn’t know any information itself leads to misinformation boundaries, neither political, nor physical or disinformation2. Second, we target or intellectual. Not only one cannot not the flow of information. We target communicate, in addition, one cannot a step between data collection and hide from information, because the assessment. We irritate the enemy’s information will find you. You don’t need processes of information gathering, to search for it. processing, decision-making, execution and assessment. Finally, we target If a terrain walk is so essential for success the information systems that process in the 3-dimensional land domain, how information. In other words, we can much more important is understanding target information in the form of the IE in modern warfare? content, flow (structures and processes), and Information and Communication To be very clear, at the beginning of this Technology (ICT) systems. terrain walk, because of the nature of the IE; there is no 100% solution or output, neither is there any right nor wrong. We

Gen. Stephane Abrial, SACT 09/2009 – 09/2012 2Misinformation is telling the false because the truth is not known (missing data/information); disinformation is deliberately telling the false or hiding the truth 19 MAGAZINE

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It took quite some time for the military to learn from geologists and geography how to describe terrain on the ground and make the right conclusions – a specific lexicon needed to be learned and understood. Looking at the complexity of the IE, we need to be prepared to learn a new lexicon that describes the relationships that actors (friendly, neutral, opposing) have with each other and with the people (mass-population), media, and with ICT. Words Whisper, Actions Thunder is the title of a book written by Russ Normandy on the movement (behaviour) of actors on stage and screen, i.e. when observed by others. For military forces in theatre, it means that we need to be Graph taken from US FM 3-13 INFORM and INFLUENCE ACTIVITIES capable of mastering thunder by designing our actions in a way that they themselves transmit a message, rather than becoming need to get used to terms like probably, environment by first of all understanding a message, which is potentially contrary highly likely or unlikely, best guess or the IE. What we don’t achieve in to the wishes or intentions (words) of worst case, and the Black Swan – the peacetime will never be achieved in times our political leaders. While in the Land highly unlikely that nevertheless becomes of crisis and conflict. Domain a terrain walk has immediate an operational reality whether we like it impact on planning and executing an or not. Understanding the IE is not just about operation, understanding the IE is a knowing the actors, we also need to learn must. However, due to its complexity With this in mind we need to accept the and understand about the relationships understanding the IE not only takes much risk of not fully understanding the IE, but that actors have with each other, and in more time, but is a prerequisite to enable creating effects in it, while at the same particular with the media, as the media the military to do the right things right. It time trying our best in the given time will rapidly spread the word (information) is a never ending process that takes into constraints and restraints, to familiarize globally within seconds and 24/7 by account all we know from a system-of- ourselves as best as possible with this using highly sophisticated, affordable systems analysis – for example following highly dynamic environment. To do so we for everyone, and capable ICT. Actors the Political, Military, Economic, Social, first need to carefully analyse actors, i.e. that control the media and the ICT are Infrastructure, Information Model – and stakeholders and audiences around us the most valuable targets for influence takes into account the past, the present, (friendly, neutral and opposing). From that operations. Actors that are influential and future developments. To add value analysis we probably learn that changing to the people are high-value targets to the operational planning process, this the actors to include mass population’s for our own influence operations, if we terrain walk in the IE has to be initiated behaviour is much easier to achieve than start in time, which is usually before we at least a year prior to any military action making a highly armed enemy change deploy a military force into a theatre of in the same physical environment, and his offensive posture or behaviour. This operations and before deployed forces continuously updated. reflective part of the terrain walk in the themselves become an actor in the IE addresses the question to what extent theatre. History shows that a robust So what? Let’s leverage peacetime to we (the military / land forces) are the military force once deployed is an actor learn about and better understand the IE appropriate actor to respond to the crisis on its own – sometimes even becoming with its status, behaviour, and dynamics. or conflict. The key to success in shaping a part of the problem rather than a part The next war will probably be decided the IE is public support. With public of the solution. If we learn anything from in this particular field of the operational support we will win or lose the battle. military deployments of the past 20 years, environment, which is “why understanding Public support is not a given. We must then hopefully it is that the military alone the people and their motivations will do something to gain and maintain cannot resolve a crisis. So, what are the prove decisive in future conflict.” public support. So, let’s get started in conclusions? peacetime with preparing the operational

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TRIDENT JUPITER Adaptation (NCS-A) process from Multi TRIDENT JUPITER / (TRJU) is a Corps Land Component Command Joint level (MC LCC) to Theater Land Command Computer (TLC), with the requirement to provide Assisted Deployable Land Elements (DLEs) also Exercise / carried-over to an adjusted construct of CY Command TRJU19 / LOLE20. During TRJU 19-2 CLE LANDCOM, as the only certified MC LCC LOYAL LEDA Post Exercise (CAX/CPX) in NATO for the time being, will assume By Major Aurelijus Braciska (LTU), LANDCOM G7. that will train a MC LCC role as Secondary Training the operational phases in an escalatory Audience (STA), but will also be augmented conflict from the deployment of the NATO by NATO Rapid Deployable Corps (NRDC) With the significant changes in Response Force (NRF) as well as certifying – Italy (ITA) and NRDC – Greece (GRC) in NATO focus and posture as a result of the stand-up NRF (TRJU19-1) to a MJO+ order to share the experience and enable the current security environment, NATO scale operation (TRJU19-2). This will be NATO Force Structure (NFS) elements to training and exercises transformed to done with one common scenario: Occasus take a lead as MC LCCs in the future. deliver readiness towards NATO’s core (a fictitious region), plans, orders, etc. and tasks and the NATO Level of Ambition. with as much common exercise planning For LOLE20 LANDCOM will retain its as possible between the two parts of the role as Officer Conducting the Exercise exercise. (OCE) and will use the exercise as an opportunity to develop the DLE concept LOYAL LEDA (LOLE) is a Land by augmenting NRDC-ITA and NRDC-GRC tactical-level CAX/CPX which with a DLE in the Higher Control (HICON) will use the same scenario, capacity. The Allied Rapid Reaction plans and appropriate orders Corps (ARRC) will act as Primary Training as developed for TRJU. This Audience (PTA) in the Corps Warfighting exercise will provide an opportunity to train selected parts of the TRJU exercise at the tactical level in a MJO+ scale setting with selected subordinate headquarters from the NATO Force The NATO Exercise Program Review Structure (NFS) and Follow-on-Forces (NEPR) was conducted in 2016 and 2017 (FoF). and delivered several options for how to train forces for Major Joint Operations TRJU19-1 will see a NATO Allied Land plus (MJO+). The JUPITER/ LEDA series Command (LANDCOM) team evaluating reflects Supreme Allied Commander EUROCORPS (EC) for their NRF Land Europe’s (SACEUR’s) intent, promulgated Component Command (LCC) role in role. by SACEUR’s Annual Guidance on accordance with the new evaluation Education, Training, Exercises and methodology. Planning and preparations for JUPITER/ Evaluation (SAGE) 2019 and 2020 forms LEDA is a lengthy and time consuming the backbone of the NATO Major Joint The changing role of the LANDCOM as endeavor requiring deliberate and Exercises (MJX) program. part of the NATO Command Structure coordinated efforts of the planning teams comprising all the LANDCOM divisions and the Command Group and is well underway. It requires LANDCOM to focus on multiple missions simultaneously: exercising the LCC role, developing the TLC and DLE roles. As is rightly stated in the G7 logo, “The path is the true destination” – even though exercises have a defined cycle with a beginning and an end; it is actually a continuous process ensuring that LANDCOM stands ready to fulfill its mission.

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CREVAL - a tool 1GNC - a success By Maj. Claudiu Salavastru (ROM), LANDCOM G7.

From Nov. 17 to Nov. 22, at the Initial Coordination Meeting and resources are required to get 2018, 1st German / Netherlands Corps 12 to 18 months prior to execution, there. A HQ CREVAL involves much (1GNC) hosted a 45-person team from the preparation efforts begin as soon more than a Distinguished Visitor Allied Land Command (LANDCOM), as a directive is issued by Supreme Day and a ten-page report. It is the with augmentation from NATO Rapid Headquarters Allied Powers Europe culmination of at least 12 months of Deployable Corps – Italy (NRDC-ITA), (SHAPE) either by Supreme Allied detailed preparation and training across European Corps (Eurocorps), and Commander Europe (SACEUR) Annual all functions of the Evaluated HQ, Multinational Division South-East Guidance Exercise Training (SAGE) coupled with the assessment, guidance, (MND-SE). The team deployed to or separate correspondence. The and dialogue of an Evaluation Team Jørstadmoen, Norway, to evaluate evaluated headquarters (HQ) must of more than fifty officers and NCO the combat readiness of 1GNC in immediately consider the scheduling subject matter experts (SME) from preparation for their assumption as the implications regarding the required LANDCOM and multiple Graduated Land Component Command (LCC) in exercise venue and how to structure Response Force (Land) (GRF(L)) HQs. the NATO Response Force (NRF) 2019. their preparation with respect to the The Formal Report is the sum of several This portion of the evaluation, called other evaluation events, as well as their months of documentation review and Phases 2 and 3, was the final stage of ongoing commitments. In the case of three directly-observed evaluation 1GNC’s Combat Readiness Evaluation 1GNC, SHAPE issued specific guidance events totaling at least 20 days “on (CREVAL). The CREVAL climaxed when for their CREVAL in SAGE 18 (Aug. the ground.” For the Evaluation Team, U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John Thomson, the 23, 2016), thus making 1GNC’s entire the Officer-of-Primary-Responsibility LANDCOM Commander, declared CREVAL process a full 27 months. (OPR) is designated at least one year in 1GNC “combat ready!” advance, Area Leaders begin their work Especially for a HQ CREVAL, the 12 months before Phase 2, and more Overall, the CREVAL process consists of simplicity of the Formal Report in than 30 SMEs begin their individual two stages: Preparation and Execution. declaring Combat Readiness does not training and HQ documentation review While the Preparation Stage begins adequately convey how much time several months before the Execution 22 MAGAZINE

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A HQ CREVAL is the culmination of at least 12 months of detailed preparation and training across all functions of the Evaluated HQ, coupled with the assessment, guidance, and dialogue of an Evaluation Team.

Phase begins. A “Combat Ready” statement for a brigade or higher-echelon HQ signifies an investment of at least one year, successful demonstration of more than 1,200 performance measures, tens of thousands of man-hours, and a substantial expenditure of funds.

In addition to being a forcing mechanism for the Evaluated HQ to review and update their Standard Operating Procedures / Standing Operating Instructions to conform to the most current NATO doctrine, the CREVAL pushes the entire HQ to work towards a common goal: Combat Readiness and an associated High Readiness Force (HRF) status. The process demands that each function analyze the requirements and formulate a detailed plan to achieve the established NATO standards. Centralized control via the Operational Assessment Cycle allows the HQ Commander to mitigate risks and focus efforts within the given timeframe. Self-evaluation is a critical tool in preparing for a CREVAL; discipline and humility are required to address weaknesses. This internal reflection, the necessary critique by the Evaluation Team, and the sheer scale of work involved are why CREVALs are often described as having their true value in the journey, not necessarily the destination.

The benefits of each HQ CREVAL influence not only the Evaluated HQ, but also the greater NATO land community. In general, each Evaluation Team sources approximately one-third of the SMEs from the previously evaluated HQ, the next evaluated HQ, and additional GRF(L) HQs as necessary. Observer teams from HQs of future evaluations attend CREVAL events to enhance their knowledge as they begin their own preparations. This methodical cross- pollination of experience, coupled with the Lessons Learned function, allows the CREVAL to serve as a tool to identify positive or negative trends across forces volunteered to NATO, possible adjustment or update of doctrine, and the collection of unique solutions and best practices.

1GNC’s formal CREVAL process began in March 2018 when a five-person team from LANDCOM, led by the CREVAL OPR Romanian Army Maj. Claudiu Salavastru, evaluated its planning ability in their role of LCC. This was the first time when the Crisis Response Phase (CRP) was formally part of the evaluation process.

The next phase of 1GNC’s CREVAL occurred six months later, in September 2018, with 1GNC’s in-barracks inspection. This time, Maj. Salavastru coordinated a much larger 30-person team to 1GNC’s HQ with the objective of evaluating 1GNC’s Peace-time Establishment (PE) policies, operations, logistics, command information systems, and administration. 1GNC performed well during the evaluation, thus setting the stage for the aforementioned third, and final, stage of the evaluation, which occurred in Norway in conjunction with Exercise TRIDENT JUCTURE 18.

Maj. Salavastru is nearly a three-year veteran of the G7 Evaluation Section, having participated in five previous CREVALs. His expertise, experience, and leadership across many different domains and separate commands helped ensure that LANDCOM upheld its reputation as the preeminent advocate for NATO Land Forces.

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LANDCOM declares MND-NE combat ready

FULLY CAPABLE AND EFFECTIVE

By Lt. Col. David Olson (USA), LANDCOM Public Affairs Office.

ELBLAG, Poland – U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John Thomson, Commander of NATO’s Allied Land Command (LANDCOM), signed the final report of the Combat Readiness Evaluation (CREVAL) and declared Multinational Division – North East (MND-NE) combat ready, Dec. 6, 2018, during the Distinguished Visitor Day for Exercise Anakonda 2018.

LANDCOM led the 37-member, multinational CREVAL team during Phase 2 from Nov. 27 to Dec. 6 to verify MND-NE is ready to assume their role as a division-level, command and control node in the land domain reinforcing NATO’s eastern flank in the collective defense of Europe. The President of Poland and Poland’s Minister of Defense participated in the ceremony recognizing MND-NE’s great achievement.

“History teaches us that strength deters aggression. Given today’s complex, dynamic and uncertain security environment, it is incumbent on land forces to be ready and strong,” said Thomson. “We thank Poland for its tremendous contributions to our collective defense and providing this highly capable division headquarters.” Polish Army Maj. Gen. Krzysztof Motacki, Commander of MND-NE, noted, “The CREVAL during Exercise Anakonda 2018 is the climax of a successful transformation of MND-NE from its creation in June 2017 when we were formed into a fully capable and effective, high readiness force headquarters.” The President of Poland promoted him during the same ceremony.

Thomson added, “We are blessed to have MND-NE in the NATO Force Structure and we can be rightfully proud of their superb accomplishment. We are in awe of your incredible skill, dedication and teamwork.”

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SPRING 2019 Combat ready Reinforcing NATO´s LANDCOM Commander speaks to the crowd during the official ceremony recognizing MND-NE as “Combat Ready” during the Distinguished Visitor Day eastern flank of Exercise Anakonda 2018, Dec. 6, 2018. The President of Poland and the Polish Minister of Defense also participated in the ceremony. Now, MND-NE LANDCOM declares MND-NE Multinational Division-North East assumes an important role as part of the collective defense for the region as (MND-NE) assumes an important role as they serve as a division-level command and control node of NATO land units combat ready part of the collective defense as they reinforce NATO’s eastern flank.

Fully focused Spanish Army Brig. Gen. Alfonso Alba, NATO’s Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans, speaks to the CREVAL Team, led by LANDCOM, at MND-NE Headquarters, Oct. 9, 2018. LANDCOM is doing a CREVAL of MND-NE to certify their readiness to contribute to the collective defense of Europe.

CREVAL team The staff from MND-NE Signature of the final and the CREVAL Team, led by report LANDCOM, paused for a moment LANDCOM Commander signs the final report of the CREVAL at the NATO members flags for a after the CREVAL Out Brief as Polish Army Brig. Gen. Krzysztof group photo, Oct. 9, 2018. LANDCOM Motacki, Commander of MND-NE, observes, Dec. 6, 2018. The did a CREVAL of MND-NE to certify CREVAL during Exercise Anakonda 2018 is the climax of a successful their readiness to contribute to the transformation of the MND-NE from their creation in June 2017 when collective defense of Europe. they were formed into a fully capable and effective, high readiness force headquarters. Now, MND-NE assumes an important role as part of the collective defense for the region as they serve as a division- level command and control node of NATO land units as they reinforce NATO’s eastern flank.

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SPRING 2019 NATO INTEROPERABILITY I DO WE REALLY UNDERSTAND THE NATO GOALS OR OBJECTIVES?

By Lt. Col. Jock McGown (UK), LANDCOM G7. ne of the parameters used to tiveness and efficiency of joint and multina- ness (MOE) and Measures of Performance measure the effectiveness of tional capabilities required to support the (MOP) attributed through approved any organization is in its inher- full range of Alliance missions. There is no Decisive Conditions and Effects. By using ent capacity to be considered implemented model in use at present, but this format, it is easy to translate specific O‘fit for purpose.’ To maintain and enhance by using a SMART approach we can deliver conditions and effects that are required to this capacity, the Alliance must necessarily ‘step by step’ common understanding and enhance or inform interoperability as can “exist as one,” able to avoid the risk derived an effective overview that will inform the be seen with the Allied Land Command by operating as a disharmonic collage of 29 commander’s decision process. In time, this (LANDCOM) G7 Standardization Interop- different national entities. process could be automated. All of these erability and Lessons Branch Campaign dimensions are complimentary to each Design for 2019 (Figure 1). One recognised method to succeed in other and are conditioned by international this venture is to pursue continuous and and national provisions. This simple yet effective model illustrates close cooperation among the different priorities, roles and responsibilities as well national structures and NATO entities and Articulating the Interoperability Challenge. as a traffic light system to track and moni- bodies. In this context, interoperability Within functioning headquarters (HQs), tor progress. Defining the specific require- (not only among NATO members but also the simplest construct to develop and ments is rather more complicated and is between NATO and non NATO Partners, articulate the Interoperability requirements usually addressed at the Combined Joint Non-Governmental and International is through the HQ Campaign Plan. This Statement of Requirements (CJSOR) devel- Organizations and/or departments not format identifies all Measures of Effective- opment phase or through the utility of the belonging to Defence) is a critical require- ment, constantly growing in importance, to provide a credible and effective response to the fast-paced changes of the security environment.

Understanding the ‘Beast’ that is Interop- erability. There are, in general seven principles that guide NATO interoperability policy.

• Holistic Approach. • Completeness/Level of detail. • Timeliness. • Levels of Ambition. • Consistency and Coherence. • Commitment and Application. • Continuity of Interoperability effort.

Interoperability need only be developed to the degree required to enhance the effec- Figure 1. LANDCOM G7 SIL Branch Interoperability Campaign Design 2019.

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NATO Defence Planning Process (NDPP) specifically during steps 1, 2 and 2+.

Interoperability Tools (The Pillars) The NATO Standardization Office (NSO) facilitates a critical role in the development of interoperability across all domains. The core function is to ensure understanding and coherence across all domains regarding the direction of travel the Alliance takes to ensure working interoperability. The ‘pillars’ (Figure 2) illustrate the six themes that influ- ence and deliver interoperability.

• Standardization. This is perhaps the most critical factor in all in- Figure 2: NATO Agreed Pillars of Interoperability (Source: NSO 2018) teroperability activity. LANDCOM currently enjoys full participation in the Military Com- (ACT) level of activity, but stakeholders are • Exercise, Training Edu- mittee Land Standardization Board (MCLSB) responsive to suggestion from other HQs in cation and Evaluation (ETEE). This is a and observer status at the Maritime order to improve and develop process. Of complicated and wide ranging issue. Within (MCMSB), Air (MCASB) and Joint (MCJSB) note; Ex STEADFAST COBALT (Land CIS), LANDCOM, G7 Division is fully inculcated boards. Ex CAPABLE LOGISTICIAN (Land Logistic in this process via Training and Exercises • Lessons Learned. Les- enabling) and Ex DYNAMIC FRONT (U.S. (TREX) and NATO Exercise Preparation sons Learned (LL) plays a significant and Army Europe (USAREUR) led but Multina- (NEP). sometimes underestimated role in the de- tional Joint Fires activity) provide significant • Cooperative Pro- velopment of interoperability and associated platforms in which we can deliver Land grammes. This is achieved predominantly activities. Critical to the effective implemen- interoperability experimentation, devel- with the Operational Capability Concept tation of this process is commander engage- opment and short term solutions across Evaluation and Feedback (OCC E&F) activ- ment and full chain of command ‘buy in.’ If multiple domains. A more recent vehicle for ity. Within LANDCOM it is a G9 led func- the observations process is not adhered to developing Land interoperability activity is tion supported by cross Divisional Subject nor lessons or Best Practices are not identi- via the new NATO Coalition Warrior Inter- Matter Experts (SMEs) and evaluators. fied, socialised or analysis conducted the operability, eXploitation, eXperimentation, There is a level of ambition to combine and eXamination eXercise (CWIX) or U.S. led Joint Warfare Analysis activities.

Levels of Interoperability There are three NATO agreed levels of interoperability, the lowest level being compatibility with the desired optimum end-state being commonality. The levels are further defined as: • Compatibility. This re- fers to the suitability of products, processes or services used together under specific conditions to fulfil relevant requirements

Figure 3: The new NATO Lessons Learned Process (Source: ACT 2018). without causing unacceptable interactions. • Interchangeability. This rationalise the separated systems during the process will not work. is the ability of one product, process or ser- proposed 2019 Allied Command Opera- vice to be used in place of another to fulfil tions (ACO) Forces Standards (AFS) Volume The NATO Lessons Learned portal provides the same requirements. VII Combat Readiness Evaluation (CREVAL) the accessibility and vehicle for NATO enti- • Commonality. The state revision to simplify the process (i.e. stand- ties, contributors and partners to capture achieved when the same doctrine, proce- ardize). and socialise such findings; however, the is- dures or equipment are used. • Technical Demonstra- sue of not being transparent or not sharing tions, Trials, Tests and Experimentation. can be detrimental to the holistic success of This should be Allied Command Operations this process. (ACO) / Allied Command Transformation

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NATO INTEROPERABILITY Ii THE PRACTITIONER´s PERSPECTIVE

By Cdr. Arturo Paturzo (ITA), LANDCOM G7.

(allowing different structures to operate Securing Consensus and Influence tandardization is the key element as one) and ensuring the most powerful and principal means for NATO capability multipliers are in place by enhanc- The Land Operations Working Group Nations and Strategic Commands ing Alliance and partners conditioning to (LOWG) established by the Military Com- (SCs) to achieve interoperability. effectively face the challenges of today and mittee (MC) is under authority of and tomorrow. tasked by the Military Committee Land SIn this context the terms standardization Standardization Board (MCLSB) to contrib- and “interoperability” are defined, in accord- NATO Standardization Office Boards and ute, initiate and develop standardization ance with NATO Policy for Standardization, Working Groups across Land Operational Doctrine (Figure as stated above. Standardization is the 5) and at times in the Joint Community of process of developing and implementing The NATO Standardization Office (NSO) is Interest (COI). concepts, doctrines, procedures and designs based within the new NATO HQ in Brussels to achieve and maintain the compatibility, and provides the standardization manage- To improve NATO standardization, the interchangeability and commonality which ment for NATO policy, harmonization of LOWG reviews and recommends land are necessary to attain the required level of activities, regulations and cooperation with operational concepts and programmes of interoperability, or to optimize the use of civilian standardization entities. It reports work to develop new doctrine, tactics and resources, in the fields of operations, mate- directly to the Committee for Standardiza- procedures for NATO land forces essential rial and administration. tion (CS), and to the Military Committee for current and future NATO operations. (MC) for corporate oversight and issues The LOWG delegates are those of NATO The primary standardization products are relating to operational standardization. nations, Partnership Cooperation Menu NATO approved Standardization Agree- NSO operational branches provide sup- (PCM) nations, SCs, NATO subordinate ments (STANAGs) between the member port to the five MC Standardization Boards commands and agencies that formally agree nations facilitating key enabling activity (MCSB), where different working groups to participate. (WGs) and SMEs from both nations and com- ACO and ACT designated the LOWG as mands develop doctrine a high priority for having representatives (part of operational from both commands at WG meetings. This standards), to be pub- forum is supported by a NSO Staff Officer lished as STANAGs and who ensures SME coherence, continu- Allied Publications. In ity and acts as the Secretary to the Mili- particular, the MCLSB tary Committee. It involves PCM nations, manages WGs dealing promotes cooperation with Civil Standards specifically with Land Developing Organisations (SDOs) and in- Operational related terested parties in standardization activities aspects. within the guidance provided by the MC and in accordance with NATO regulations, on a ‘case-by-case’ basis. Subordinate to the LOWG, are specialist WGs and panels. Members of these subordinate panels are

Figure 5: The LANDCOM Interoperability/Standardization Communication Matrix 2019. 30 MAGAZINE

SPRING 2019 encouraged to attend and may contribute to discussions during meetings.

LANDCOM Efforts to Develop NATO Standardization

LANDCOM staff actively support the majority of MCLSB and MCJSB WGs and related work. The main focus for the G7 Standardization team is not only ACO level activities that LANDCOM supports; there is a wide and varied presence into ACT level Figure 7. 40th Land Operations Working Group photograph (Rome, 16-19 Oct 18) activities through the Army Service Task Group (ARSTG) and Executive Working refine and promulgate new and existing ‘NATO use of Civil Standards’ package con- Group NATO Task Group (EWGNTG) which doctrinal concepts and concept develop- ducted at the (NATO Maritime Interdiction have a prominent focus on training and ex- ment to proposed doctrine as tangible deliv- Operations Training Centre, Chania, Crete. ercises. This multi-layered approach ensures erables and better use the power of the effective land influence in the key decision LOWG or other WGs aligned to ACO, ACT The formal courses are supplemented with making bodies related to standardization and MC before submitting new doctrinal online training courses/packages designed and wider interoperability matters. proposal to the NSO, which is the first step to develop core staff competencies. Over in the doctrine development. the past year, LANDCOM heavily invested in staff CPD training to ensure competency and professional standards across the land environment. The Standardization, Interop- erability and Lessons Learned (SIL) branch is now fully engaged with service providers and the COI to further develop training opportunities and programmes of work that will enhance this knowledge base.

Conclusions As stated in the MC 0020/11 (Military Committee Policy for Military Operational Standardization): “Standardization, or the development and implementation of NATO agreed concepts, doctrine, procedures and Figure 6. Group photo of the 31st DPWG Szczecin, 01 - 04 Oct 2018 Interoperability and Standardization Edu- designs, is a pivotal enabler to the cost ef- Another relevant WG, not under the cation fective delivery of interoperable forces for responsibility of the MCLSB but directly the Alliance. It underpins a coherent set of promoted by LANDCOM, is the Doctrine Currently, there are four Continuing Profes- deployable, interoperable and sustainable and Procedures Working Group (DPWG). sional Development (CPD) courses delivered forces that are equipped, trained and com- Chaired by the LANDCOM Assistant Chief by NATO. Together, they provide NATO manded to meet the growing challenges of of Staff G7, it is a NATO Force Structure personnel involved in Interoperability and the 21st century.” (NFS) level group primarily represented by Standardization domain the full spectrum all the Graduated Response Forces Land of certification, knowledge and experience This definition says everything about stand- (GRF(L)) G5/7 staffs. The delegates are not regarding standardization tasks. ardization and should drive the way NATO required to attend the LOWG; but represent operates in the modern theatres. LAND- the Land COI as the main stakeholders of The courses provided are the: COM will continue to do its part in the Land Doctrine and can provide relevant • ‘NATO Standardization Office game, promoting the culture of standardiza- feedback, which is taken into account when (NSO) Orientation’ course held in NATO tion in the HQ as among the GRF(L)s and developing new doctrine and/or reviewing HQ, Brussels, Belgium. operating as the land advocate responsible existing publications. • ‘Standardization within NATO’ for coordinating and synchronizing NATO programme conducted at the Polish Military and Partner Land Forces by ensuring land LANDCOM continues to develop the forum University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. domain readiness, interoperability, stand- to modify and refine the Terms of Refer- • ‘Drafting, Production and Mainte- ardization and competency. ence of the DPWG and transform it into nance of NATO Standards delivered at the an effective, collaborative group in which NATO Maritime Interdiction Operations the GRF(L) COI can readily seek to develop, Training Centre, Chania, Crete.

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NATO INTEROPERABILITY Iii EXERCISES DEMONSTRATIONS AND EXPERIMENTATION

By Lt. Col. Thorsten Rackel (DEU), LANDCOM G7.

hen multiple countries in these dimensions raises many difficult dures. These STANAGs are crucial and come together to con- questions and identifies potential prob- provide common operational, logistics and duct a mission, issues lems or friction points: compatible mission administrative procedures. The MCJSB, of interoperability arise. command systems, common operating represented by the NSO, provides inputs WDuring the last 70 years, NATO militar- pictures, operational terms, information for the development of STANAGs and ies achieved a high level of interoper- flows, and methods of interacting at the provides guidance regarding their disposi- ability by doing joint planning, training individual through task-force level. tion. MCJSB facilitates ratification and and exercises. More recently, Alliance promulgation coordination with the NATO members put their interoperability into NATO’s interoperability policy defines the Nations. LANDCOM G7 Standardization, practice and developed it further during term as the ability for Allies to act together Interoperability & Lessons Learned (SIL) joint exercises, operations and missions. coherently, effectively and efficiently to branch is represented frequently to sup- Interoperability of formations and joint achieve tactical, operational and strategic port the needs of standardization issues and multinational units consist of three objectives. Specifically, it enables forces, within the land domain. dimensions: technical (i.e. hardware, units and systems to operate together and systems), procedural (i.e. doctrines, allows them to share common doctrine On a more practical side, LANDCOM processes), and human (i.e. language, and procedures, each other’s infrastructure G7 SIL is involved into the annual U.S.-led terminology, and training). and bases, and to be able to communi- Exercise DYNAMIC FRONT, executed at cate. Interoperability reduces duplication, Grafenwöhr Training Area, Germany, as a enables pooling of resources, and produces test-bed to identify interoperability gaps NATO’s shift from building a multinational synergies among the 29 Allies, and when- and shortfalls. DYNAMIC FRONT is fo- task force at the Corps and Division level ever possible with partner countries. cused on the interoperability of U.S. Army, to a focus on Brigade and Battalion level joint service and NATO nation artillery and transfers the interoperability problems Throughout its history, NATO focused on fire support, in a multi-national environ- from the strategic and political level to the tactical interoperability to facilitate the ef- ment. It provides training on a wide range operational and tactical levels. Develop- fectiveness of military trainers, logisticians of skills from theatre level HQ identifying ing a multinational task force is a difficult and administrative personnel, hundreds of targets to gun crews pulling lanyards in the endeavour with multiple complexities STANAGs to define for Alliance members’ field. attributed to Technical, Procedural, and processes and terms for equipment and for of course Human dimensions. Operating common military and technical proce- A key feature of Exercise DYNAMIC

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and shortfalls in 2019.

Direction of Travel for the Land Environ- ment

The LANDCOM Commander prioritised in- teroperability as one of his key deliverables for 2019 going forward. The current foot- print and interactions will be further devel- oped in 2019 and while enhanced Forward Presence (eFP) witnessed the majority of land interoperability activity in 2018, the forthcoming year will focus on the ‘big ticket items’ of supporting the eFP Capabil- ity Task Force and developing new concept to doctrine proposals using a plethora of exciting experimentation and development opportunities through activities such as Joint Warfare Analysis, WARFIGHTER 19, CAPABLE LOGISTICIAN 19, STEADFAST COBALT 19 and DYNAMIC FRONT 19. Concurrently, LANDCOM will scope the potential challenges to be addressed within other wider ranging experimentation op- portunities in direct support to the land environment and future development of the CS’s new interoperability and stand- ardization policy documents in the Land Interoperability and Standardization Work- ing Group (LISWG). The future is looking very positive.

Figure 9: LANDCOM personnel observing activity in the field Ex DYNAMIC FRONT Germany, 05 Mar 18. From LANDCOM’s perspective we will FRONT is the use of the Artillery Sys- challenges to improve multinational inter- continue to share, socialise and support tems Cooperation Activities (ASCA). This operability, and to ease communication and interoperability activities and seek to im- software interface translates basic artillery information exchange efforts. This included prove or update many of the publications data between different nations’ digital fires clearing up terminology interpretations be- developed in 2017 and 2018 to ensure mission command systems, providing allied tween different nations’ and NATO’s proce- continual progress and improvement of land commanders with an interoperable multi- dures, synching up technical interoperability interoperability aspects across the COI. This national artillery teams. DYNAMIC FRONT for weapons systems, and building relation- culminated in the new Land Interoperability 2018 brought together nearly 1,400 partici- ships. This provides a unique opportunity Handbook published by LANDCOM G7 SIL pants from nine different nations. to work with different nations and their dif- and is ready for distribution. ferent platforms on interoperable standards Exercise planners focused on working across the NATO nations. LANDCOM will through procedural, human and technical continue to identify interoperability gaps

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SPRING 2019 CMI/CIMIC Mobile Training Team Comprehensive Approach

By Mr. Jasper Beerends, LANDCOM G9 Students from the Tunisian Armed Forces discuss their assign- ment during the syndicate work.

Allied Land Command crisis. Today’s challenges demand The comprehensive CMI/CIMIC training (LANDCOM) G9 successfully conducted a comprehensive approach by the package, developed by the G9 team, can a Civil Military Interaction/Civil Military international community including the be tailored to the requirements, depending Cooperation (CMI/CIMIC) Mobile Training coordination action from an appropriate on the knowledge and experience of the Team (MTT) in Tunis, Tunisia from Dec. 2 range of civil and military actors, enabled attending audience. This CMI/CIMIC MTT to Dec. 6, 2018. This was the second CMI/ by the orchestration, coordination and de- course served as induction training for CIMIC MTT implemented in this format, confliction of NATO’s military and political the majority of the students, since they following the CMI/CIMIC MTT completed instruments with the other instruments possessed a medical or logistics background in Morocco in early 2018. of power. Hence, the military should with very little CMI/CIMIC experience. Eighteen students from all branches of be trained to prepare, plan and execute the Tunisian Armed Forces attended this their tasks in a complex international training at the Armed Forces Medical environment. The LANDCOM G9 LANDCOM will continue to conduct these School at Meftah Saadallah in Tunis. roster contains a cadre of experienced CMI/CIMIC MTTs in 2019 with planned NATO’s experiences in recent operations staff officers, NATO Civilians and courses for the Ukraine, the Kyrgyz confirm the complexity of contemporary Noncommissioned Officers, capable of Republic and the United Arab Emirates conducting these MTTs. in May and October respectively. The LANDCOM CMI/CIMIC MTTs are a core Mr. Mehmet Aykut is lecturing the students on the ‘Compre- hensive Approach’ in Tunis. activity of the LANDCOM G9. The number The LANDCOM staff members, often using of MTTs will continue to increase over their personal experience from operational the years to come, and will help enhance deployments, and interaction with non- NATO’s partnership spirit and contribute to military authorities, provided training to regional and global peace and stability. the students, ranging in the grade from OF-2 to OF-4 on topics such as NATO’s organization and core tasks; the LANDCOM The CMI/CIMIC MTTs provide students mission and responsibilities; comprehensive with a good understanding on how NATO approach; CIMIC contributions to conducts Civil-Military Cooperation operations planning; interaction with activities with representatives from non-military actors, as well as cultural International Organizations and Non- property protection, building integrity/anti- Governmental Organizations who are corruption and the experiences of U.S. Civil actively involved in peace support and Affairs in operational theatres. The students reconstruction/institution building activities actively participated in the syndicate work in theatre. which completed this successful training.

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SPRING 2019 BACK TO THE BASICS: INTELLIGENCE FOR THE SOLDIER

By Mr. David Blose, LANDCOM G2

ith NATO’s adaptation personnel. Knowledge of the threat putting their own thinking into enemy to a comprehensive permeated across land forces: leaders intentions. Within the Spectrum of approach and increasing understood the strategy, ideology, and Knowledge, “understanding” the threat emphasis on current doctrine; staffs mastered threat doctrine helps soldiers at all levels to more intelligence,W Land Forces moved away and operational warfare; soldiers knew accurately assess new and developing from the basic principle of knowing the threat capabilities and tactics. Leaders situations at the strategic, operational enemy. The erosion of emphasis on constantly assessed the knowledge and tactical level. 1 basic intelligence within Land Forces of their staffs, and it was common for negatively impacts future readiness. battalion commanders to know more As a consequence, Land Forces may about threat doctrine than their S-2 be in the position of planning and Intelligence Officers. Understanding the conducting operations without inherent threat drove training and mentoring. understanding of threat strategy, Senior officers mentored their staffs ideology, doctrine, capabilities, and on threat strategy and ideology; tactics, techniques and procedures. mid-grade officers mastered and Graphic 2. Spectrum of Knowledge New generations of NATO Land Forces trained subordinates on doctrine and are increasingly unfamiliar with the operational warfare; and junior leaders former concept of “Think Red” – of trained their soldiers on threat tactics, Regaining Focus being able to think like the enemy. This techniques and procedures. Nearly all When called to mobilize, Land Forces creates risks for soldiers because basic soldiers engaged in understanding the necessarily become focused on intelligence is foundational: it impacts threat and this contributed to increased understanding the current situation and effective planning, confident and timely readiness. deploying to the operational theater; a decision making, and informed conduct quick study of the threat will not create of operations. effective understanding. To improve Baseline Understanding readiness of Land Forces, it is a worthy Basic intelligence is the foundation for ambition to establish and sustain a understanding potential adversaries. It mature understanding of the threat is foundational because soldiers have before a crisis. This requires intentional baseline knowledge from which they focus and accountability beyond the can better plan and conduct operations. S-2/G-2 staff. Higher levels of understanding allow for Restoring a culture of knowing the better anticipation of threat actions (See threat across the entire spectrum Graphic 2). Understanding is important Graphic 1. Knowledge Development and Mentoring of Land Forces will create informed because in the Spectrum of Knowledge, soldiers better able to plan, fight and understanding allows the soldier to win. Whereas current intelligence is During the Cold War most military staffs more effectively assess threat actions/ perishable, an organized effort to build were not burdened with daily, weekly, reactions. It is not sufficient to have knowledge of land force threats would or even monthly current intelligence, the S-2/G-2 maintain the data; rather, enhance preparation to more effectively but rather developed basic knowledge it must become knowledge within confront enemies on the modern of potential threats that would allow individual leaders, staff officers, and battlefield. In essence, a return to basic soldiers to confidently plan, fight soldiers. Basic intelligence also provides intelligence and building knowledge of and win. Knowing the threat was a the baseline from which to analyze threats would make intelligence more permanent line of effort; there was and understand new information. a constant process to develop basic Without this understanding, soldiers will relevant “For the Soldier.” knowledge, which led to a common make potentially catastrophic analytic understanding among all NATO errors by “mirror-imaging” - that is -

1For a NATO description of Basic Intelligence and Current Intelligence see AJP-2. 35 MAGAZINE

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G5 / LANDCOM NATO Command Structure Adaptation FACING MULTIPLE THREATS AND CHALLENGES

By Lt. Col. Angelica Martínez (USA), LANDCOM G5.

This year marks NATO’s 70th progress toward creating more credible will NATO Allied Maritime Command and anniversary as an Alliance. Since 1949, the military capabilities. The broader effort, NATO Allied Air Command. This means Alliance endured a number of changes. NCS-A, will further enhance NATO’s ability that the NATO Force Structure (NFS) will The current NATO Command Structu- to face multiple threats and challenges ran- assume more responsibility for tactical re-Adaptation (NCS-A) is unique in that it ging from state-based peer and near-peer warfighting, and serving as LCCs, while is the first time since the end of the Cold competition to mass migration, terrorism LANDCOM bridges the operational-strate- War that reform has not meant reduction. and hybrid threats among others. gic level of responsibility. This gives Supre-

NCS-A is crucial to the way NATO Allied What does this mean for LANDCOM? me Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) Land Command (LANDCOM) operates LANDCOM’s current role will not change added flexibility and capability to protect today and how it will operate in the future. in the near term and our role as the land and defend the Euro-Atlantic. domain advocate will never change. In How will LANDCOM implement NCS For the past several years senior NATO the short term, we retain the responsibility Adaptation? LANDCOM will follow three political and military leaders argued that to provide NATO with a land component lines of effort, which are nested with SA- the NCS required change to be fit for pur- command (LCC) headquarters if the need CEUR’s priorities, as a means in implement pose given the evolving security environ- should arise. In the future, LANDCOM this historic change. The following sum- ment. As a result, NATO made significant will be elevated to the theatre-level as marizes the approach and some of the key

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Enclosure 1, to LANDCOM Commander´s 90-Day Assessment

activities in support of the effort. support the NATO Readiness Initiative while simultaneously improving NATO and and the Military Reinforcement concept in partner land force integration. As NATO’s 1. Conduct mission command and collaboration with the NFS and the nations. land advocate, LANDCOM will work to implement NCS-A. LANDCOM will still Specifically, we will continuously revise and improve interoperability. All of these efforts serve as a LCC until the Long Term Com- develop current plans and implement a new support our strategic communications and mitment Plan (LTCP) is implemented. We joint fires and targeting initiative to support the communication of our commitment to will also support the development of a Joint those plans. LANDCOM’s role in ensuring credible deterrence. Command and Control (C2) concept and standardization and competency is of the lead the Land C2 concept development utmost importance and this is highlighted For LANDCOM, NCS-A provides the oppor- alongside our Graduated Readiness Force by the sheer quantity of Training and Exer- tunity to strengthen our most important (Land) counterparts. We will also strengthe- cise (TREX) and Combat Readiness Evalua- efforts such as land domain advocacy while ning our ties and relationships with NFS and tion (CREVAL) activity that is ongoing and improving our contributions to readiness, in- national land forces while improving integra- forecasted to meet the current and future teroperability, and integration. Adapting the tion via two new entities: the Capabilities threats. land domain to meet future challenges also and Force Integration Team (CFIT) and the bolsters our efforts in support of NATO’s air Deployable Land Elements (DLE). 3. Advocate the land domain and and maritime forces. Although NCS-A brings strengthen warfighting competencies. The change, what remains the same is LAND- 2. Build and sustain readiness. A Teaming Program, as previously mentioned, COM’s commitment to Allied and partner credible military capability means building is not only designed to harness the expe- land forces. We look forward to all that in postured and ready land forces. LANDCOM rience of the NFS and partner forces, but 2019 and to moving forward together. will focus on improving military mobility also to strengthen the warfighting compe- and logistical capability throughout SA- tency and capability by avoiding the dupli- CEUR’s area of responsibility. We will also cation of work and sharing lessons learned,

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SPRING 2019 Logistics Operational Planning Process

MOBILE TRAINING TEAM By Sgt. First Class Obed Henry (USA), LANDCOM G4 Logistics Operations.

uring the Lisbon Summit in November 2010, the Heads of State established Cooperative Security as one of NATO’s essential core tasks, in addition to the prior existing Collective Defense and Crisis Management tasks. As a result, DCooperative Security is one of the main priorities within the NATO Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) Headquarters.

The Collective Security task consists of three components that include strengthening partnership, contributing to arms control, and assisting potential future NATO member or partner nations. One of the means through which LANDCOM contributes to Cooperative Security is by using the Mobile Training Teams (MTT) program. The MTTs provide a wide variety of training to selected NATO partner nations within their respective area of expertise.

Under this program, The LANDCOM G4 Division provided an MTT to conduct a training session on NATO’s Logistics Operational Planning Process (LOPP) in Nouakchott, Mauritania from Dec. 3 to Dec. 8, 2018.

The MTT, made up of four officers and one non- commissioned officer from the G4 Division, spent five days providing training to officers from all branches of the Mauritanian military as well as the Federal Police Force, from the rank of lieutenant to major. The scope of the training was to familiarize Mauritanian logistic staff officers with the NATO LOPP by providing a comprehensive description of the concept and doctrines. The five-day course aimed at providing the attendees a complete understanding of NATO Logistics fundamentals, Role of 38 MAGAZINE

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LANDCOM and greetedLogistics by a Senior TheMTT Mauritanianis being Navy welcome Officer. Logistics Operational Planning Process

MOBILE TRAINING TEAM

“The course aimed at providing the attendees a complete understanding of NATO Logistics fundamentals.”

Joint Logistics Support Group (JLSG) in military operations, Host Nation Support (HNS) planning, Movement and Transportation (M&T) planning, and Reception, Staging and Onward Movement (RSOM) planning within the NATO LOPP phases. Additionally, the training aimed to prepare participants for future staff positions with knowledge on the fundamentals of NATO logistics principles, policies, concepts, and doctrine of theatre-level logistics operations.

alongsideLogistics the participating MTT poses LANDCOMThe Mauritanian Officers.

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A prerequisite for mission success: Civil Military CIMIC Interaction and Civil Military Cooperation Training

By Civ. Jasper Beerends, LANDCOM G9.

ATO’s experiences (HQ) LANDCOM Directive in operational 075-003, which formalizes theatres such as the LANDCOM CMI/CIMIC the Balkans and training program, establishes NAfghanistan confirm the the overarching procedures complexity of contemporary and responsibilities for the crises. Today’s challenges implementation and further demand a comprehensive development of CMI/CIMIC approach by the international training programs in HQ community including the LANDCOM. Furthermore, coordinated action from an the CMI/CIMIC training appropriate range of civil program lays the foundation and military actors, enabled for CMI/CIMIC Mobile by the orchestration, Training Teams (MTTs). coordination and de- confliction of NATO military and political instruments The CMI/CIMIC training with other instruments of package consists of: power. - Individual training. The With this in mind, the NATO individual training consists of Allied Land Command a range of free online courses (LANDCOM) G9 Division which are available at NATO’s developed a Civil Military Advanced Distributed Interaction (CMI)/Civil Learning website (www. “Tell me and I forget, teach me and Military Cooperation jadl.act.nato.int). Individuals (CIMIC) training package. can, at their own pace, I may remember, involve me and I This training is endorsed complete courses on topics by the new Headquarters such as ‘Ethnic Conflict and learn.” Benjamin Franklin 40 MAGAZINE

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NATO’s contribution to a comprehensive the military. This will enable the smooth approach, as one of its military facilitators is transition from offensive/defensive operations a link to the civil environment, with CIMIC as to security/stability operations, thus reaching one of the military facilitators. This enables a status of development where alliance forces the military to help reaching the desired end can leave a secure area behind much sooner. state by coordinating, synchronizing and de- To maximize success for all parties, it is crucial conflicting military activities with civil actors, that all sides fully understand how each thus linking military operations with political partner plans and does operations1. objectives. The influence of the vast variety of civil contributions to stabilize a dysfunctional 1 extract from the CCOE CIMIC Field Handbook 3rd edition society must continue to be considered by

Peace Operations,’ ‘Introduction to iterations per year, and will educate be it an Article 5 or non-Article 5, International Humanitarian Law,’ ‘Law the participants on ‘the International coordinating, synchronizing and de- of Armed Conflict,’ ’Gender Awareness,’ Operational Environment,’ ‘Human conflicting military activities with ‘Children and Armed Conflict,’ and Security,’ ‘Comprehensive Approach,’ civil actors is inevitable. Hence, ‘Building Integrity/Counter and Anti- ‘Protection of Civilians,’ among other all land component staff members Corruption,’ among others. topics). The collective training consists will be trained to prepare, plan and of lectures and syndicate work. execute their tasks in a complex operational environment. By providing - Key Leader Training. Key Leader a comprehensive CMI/CIMIC training Training can be provided upon request. to the entire LANDCOM staff, HQ The topics and format of the training LANDCOM will surely contribute to are determined by the Senior Officers, that objective. and the training can be either in the form of self-study or one-on-one training sessions.

- CMI/CIMIC Mobile Training. The content of the CMI/CIMIC Mobile Training is, in broad terms, similar to the Collective Training content. The content of the CMI/CIMIC MTT can MORE INFORMATION be tailored to the requirement of the requesting nation or entity. A CMI/ For additional information - Collective training. Collective CIMIC MTT consists of 3-5 days of about LANDCOM, visit: training is intended for the entire lectures and syndicate work. lc.nato.int HQ staff. These one (or two) day training sessions will be held at two Irrespective of the NATO operation,

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Divers, from L to R: Reena Konia, Gordo Falcona, Colin Jones, Andy Pix, Isabelle Morse, Thore Kempenich, Doc Cox, Volcan (Photo courtesy of Blackfish Dive Club) LANDCOM DIVERS CONMEMORATE WWI GALLIPOLI CAMPAIGN IN UNDERWATER CEREMONY By Capt. Isabella Morse (USA), LANDCOM G2. The 10-month Gallipoli Campaign (UKAF) Rugby Union indicate that 107 2018 marked the centenary (Feb. 17, 1915 - Jan. 9, 1916) resulted International Commonwealth Rugby commemorations of the end of World in over 141,000 Allied casualties, and players died during World War I, 15 of War I. On Sept. 30, 2018, a team which were killed at Gallipoli. comprised of divers from Allied Land The team laid memorial Command (LANDCOM) and members of wreaths at Helles Memorial Due to the so-called “MEDICAINE” storm the British Embassy - Ankara traveled to and on two British ships that hitting the region that week and increased Çanakkale, Turkey to perform memorial sank off the coast of Gallipoli tidal stream, divers failed to secure access ceremonies for service members lost to H.M.S. LUNDY; however, the team during the Gallipoli Campaign. The team conducted dives on H.M.S. LOUIS and laid memorial wreaths at Helles Memorial over 250,000 casualties from the S.S. MILO. The H.M.S. LOUIS was a Royal and on two British ships that sank off the Ottoman Empire. Records gathered by Navy Laforey-class destroyer that sank in coast of Gallipoli during the campaign in the Royal British Legion in conjunction Suvla Bay on Oct. 31, 1915 after Ottoman 1915. with the United Kingdom Armed Forces coastal artillery attacked it. H.M.S. LOUIS

Laying the wreath and rugby ball on the H.M.S. LOUIS (Photo by Doc Cox)

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Laying the wreath on the S.S. MILO (Photo by Doc Cox) now sits at 15 metres, mostly covered The UKAF Rugby Union and the by the fine silt that engulfed the hull like Royal British Legion supported the a coffin, with only the armored steam remembrance dive, “Gallipoli Gallop,” boilers and some infrastructure still developed by Lt. Cmdr. Cox. The divers visible. As divers descended the line, the thanked the local BLACKFISH Dive ship eerily appeared through the haze to Club and KITWORLD (UK) for their reveal itself and its past. sponsorship making the dive possible. The divers overlooked the expensive The second wreath-laying happened dive, because it gave them the chance in the shallow waters 100 metres off to dive at Gallipoli and pay respects to ANZAC Cove on the remains of S.S. the fallen service members, which was a MILO. In December 1915, Allied forces once in a lifetime opportunity. scuttled the S.S. MILO in ANZAC Cove to provide a The UK wave break, The UK representatives from representatives allowing 36,000 LANDCOM completed part I of from LANDCOM Commonwealth the “Gallipoli Gallop” in April completed Part I of personnel to 2018 the “Gallipoli Gallop” evacuate over in April 2018, when five nights. they marched 30.5 Soldiers recall that the sea in ANZAC kilometers in 5.5 hours to visit 14 Cove turned red with blood from the Commonwealth War Graves sites on injured soldiers. During both dives, Colin the Gallipoli Peninsula. They carried Jones laid biodegradable wreaths on the rugby balls throughout the march wrecks. and laid Royal British Legion crosses on the graves of the 15 International LANDCOM divers included Royal Commonwealth Rugby players killed at Navy Lt. Cmdr. Doc Cox, German Gallipoli. After “Gallipoli Gallop” Part I, Army Maj. Thore Kempenich, and U.S. the Rugby Union used the balls to start Army Capt. Isabelle Morse. The British the UKAF OxBridge Rugby Matches at Embassy-Ankara members (including Twickenham. Lt. Cmdr. Cox carried the former LANDCOM Assistant Chief same balls to the H.M.S. LOUIS and of Staff G3, British Army Col. Gordo the S.S. MILO, and brought those balls Falconer), local British expats, and Turkish back to the UK where they started the divers joined the LANDCOM divers. UKAF Women’s Remembrance match In total, the nationalities represented against South Africa (Nov. 2, 2018) and included English, Welsh, Canadian, New the UKAF Men’s Remembrance Game Zealand, German, American, and Turkish against the Bristol Bears (Nov. 15, personnel. 2018).

Laying the wreath on the S.S. MILO (Photo by Doc Cox)

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By Lt. Col. Alberto Strina (ITA), LANDCOM G9. The first GENDER WEEK Working together

ATO Allied Land Command a long-term commitment to supporting (LANDCOM) Headquarters the implementation of the principles of conducted the first edition UNSCR 1325 and related resolutions – of “Gender Week” in reaffirming the importance of women’s role November 2018 aiming to in the prevention and resolution of armed enhance the integration of conflict, in post-conflict reconstruction, NATO Gender Perspective peace negotiations, peace-building and through training, academics and activities peacekeeping as well as emphasizing the Nin accordance with the United Nation importance of their equal participation Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325. and full involvement in all efforts for the One featured event was a 5K run with maintenance and promotion of peace and participation of the LANDCOM personnel security. and their families. During the Gender Week, the data presented The run promoted gender balance, diversity, expressed an intense commitment to focus inclusion, and women’s empowerment on identifying an often disregarded portion through sports in the spirit of the UN of the population recognizing their specific and the overall NATO campaign on the needs, and providing the appropriate integration of gender perspective in all comprehensive response. In this regard, headquarters. LANDCOM recognized during the week’s events, that Social Media is a key enabling The run with a distance of 5 km aimed tool for gender analysis. As a consequence, to raise awareness of UNSCR 1325 on Social Media is used in the gender analysis Women, Peace and Security, and gender as an instrument to understand gender- equality. The LANDCOM leadership was specific behavior. well represented among the participants with their families. This theory is endorsed by the Nordic Center for Gender within the Military (NCGM), the The LANDCOM leadership strongly center of excellence of the Scandinavian supports gender equality, because they countries accredited by NATO and the UN believe it is only by recruiting from the for dealing and developing gender issues in entire talent pool that we can assure that operations, which supported the Gender NATO is able to face any challenge plus the Week with participation by their subject reality is that we are stronger together. matter experts.

U.S. Army Lt. Gen. John Thomson, The LANDCOM effort demonstrated a Commander of LANDCOM, reaffirmed that growing interest that NATO has shown in the Gender Week is a great opportunity to recent years towards the implementation gather and demonstrate NATO’s continued of the gender perspective in peace support work on gender equality. “It has been my great honor to represent gender equality It has been my great honor and support women’s empowerment and to to represent gender equality break down gender stereotypes,” Thomson said. and support women’s empowerment and to break LANDCOM is absolutely engaged with down gender stereotypes. 44 MAGAZINE

SPRING 2019 operations or crisis response operations, recognizing the operational value as well as other capabilities to be used for the success of a military mission.

Moreover, considering that in the fight against radical terrorism the contribution of all the actors is crucial for the achievement of an effective, sustainable and long lasting security, the implementation of the gender perspective proves itself fundamental because it addresses the new challenges and global threats with an “inclusive” approach (of the roles ascribed by society, of roles defined by gender, of political and religious roles, etc.), involving and analyzing all groups and every type of social actor.

Recent operational and training applications have shown how the development of the integration of a gender perspective by the Alliance generates a substantial military advantage in the analysis of the operating environment through the involvement of a wider range of actors or groups. The benefit to operations is realized in facilitating the access to new and in some cases more effective resources or useful tools for the performance of any phase of an operation, expressing an added value compared to the most popular military functions traditionally employed. Eventually, the extensive involvement and analysis of all social groups allows us to study the effects generated by the conflict on society and to direct the operations with adaptations useful for influencing their course and obtaining a traditional military advantage. In the expressed modality, the gender perspective stands as an instrument, like the different military capabilities and functions available, useful for the success of the military mission presenting itself as a combat reducer and a force multiplier, allowing the achievement of the military and political objective with a reduction of the direct confrontation between opposing parties and with a simultaneous increase of effectiveness of the Force deployed.

The Gender Week was just the last LANDCOM performance as a “role model” for the application of the gender perspective within NATO.

The HQ conjugates it as an analytical tool that helps to read the reality in which LANDCOM can operate taking into consideration the point of view of all the actors involved (men, women, the elderly and children), to be able to put into practice actions that can lead to lasting solutions to conflicts and crises.In this perspective, LANDCOM, in its daily application of the gender perspective and especially during exercises has undertaken a strategy that aims to have an external impact on the image and the message that the organization wants to project of itself, giving visibility to professionals who functionally act as a model for military operations in all of its phases, but above all promote the involvement and empowerment of different groups in the management and resolution of a crisis. In the specific case, the Gender Week acted as powerful social media theme to deal with the users.

With this in mind, the current objective of LANDCOM is to qualitatively increase the application of NATO gender perspective and quantitatively apply a policy in terms of gender balance, including female staff for training events crucial for the establishment of the Command in 2019, thus showing a resolute commitment to the affirmation of gender balance.

This strategy will lead to adopt a gender perspective for analysis that will shape the effectiveness of operations and activities in which the LANDCOM will be involved. In this regard, the role of the Gender Advisors and the LANDCOM Gender Focal Points is to support the gender perspective in training and operational effects, supporting the Commander with the study, analysis and training of the generals (Gender Key Leader Seminar) to the last soldiers (Gender awareness capacity building), as a cross cutting function, complete and enhancing the various operational functions. 45 MAGAZINE

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LANDCOM participated in Exercise Trident Juncture 2018

NATO ALLIES were testing their ability to defend our populations and territories, deter potential adversaries and work together

By Lt. Col. David Olson (USA), LANDCOM Public Affairs Office.

READINESS The leaders maintained high LCC-South provided by the 1st standards and in his initial brief to German / Netherland Corps. JORSTADMOEN, Norway – NATO the staff, the LCC-N Commander, Allied Land Command (LANDCOM) Hungarian Army Brig. Gen. Janos The second DLE deployed to Roros sent two Deployable Land Elements Somogyi, LANDCOM’s Deputy and included 54 soldiers to support (DLE) to Norway to participate in Chief of Staff (CoS) for Operations, LOPSCON, which provided exercise NATO’s Trident Juncture Exercise, gave his expectations. “You control support for the exercise. Nov. 9 to Nov. 20, 2018. The Land represent LANDCOM and your LOPSCON included elements from Component Command - North nations and remember, everything the Norwegian Armed Forces, the (LCC-N) operated as a Divisional we do is for the soldier.” Norwegian national police and Headquarters (HQ) and the second other agencies of the Norwegian DLE as the Command and Control LCC-N deployed to Jorstadmoen government. HQ for real life issues or “Local and included 72 soldiers who Operations Control” (LOPSCON). assumed the role of a Component The LCC-N CoS described the Command and acted as a division way ahead. “These field training The purpose of NATO’s Trident level headquarters synchronizing exercises [are] what we need to Juncture exercise is to demonstrate the daily activity of three do more of in the future,” said our readiness and interoperability multinational brigades. These British Army Col. Simon Thomsett, to the world and train as a united multinational brigades led by 5th LANDCOM’s Assistant CoS for fighting force to contribute to Canadian Mechanized Brigade Operations, “to demonstrate our the collective defense of Europe. Group, Norway’s Brigade North readiness, our reinforcement, and More than 50,000 troops, 10,000 and the 2nd Swedish Brigade our willingness to do the job that combat vehicles, 250 aircraft and participated in force on force NATO is here to do.” 60 ships participated in the exercise engagements against the Southern from 29 NATO member nations Force. The Southern Force and two partner nations, Finland consisted of three multinational and Sweden, to provide peace and brigades from Germany, Italy security in the region. and the United Kingdom under

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47 Available for download at: lc.nato.int/media-center/landpower-magazine/latest-edition