DOCSLIB.ORG

Palla De Corongo, Áncash

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Palla de Corongo, Áncash H. Plenge J. Poso / PP J. How to use this handbook? “DISCOVERPERU” has been made to help out tour operators and tourism professionals who have Peru as part of their selling markets. They will find both useful and updated information about the many options Peru offers to visitors. This handbook comprises a wide array of Peru’s tourist destinations, highlighting the activities that visitors can perform according to their particular interests. Approximate flight time How to get there? Approximate time for bus trip Information about the means of transportation and the trip duration to each Recommended minimum stay destination. Weather Information about the weather in each destination, maximum and minimum temperature and the average level of precipitation throughout the year. Weather: Type of rain: Tropical weather Heavy rain Strong rain. Rubber boots recommended Warm weather Cold/Dry weather Rainy. Umbrella or covers recommended Drizzle. Short rainy periods Mild weather Cold/Rain weather Misting Routes & length of stay To help organize tours to each destination, you will find a variety of suggested itineraries. Needless to say, there are many other possibilities which will depend on your clients’ interests as well as on their schedule. The minimum length of stay required to comfortably experience each destination is also suggested. Maps show the department in which the destination is located, as well as the attractions that can be visited. Dats on the maps are for reference only. Accommodation and tourist services Brief information on accommodation facilities as well as transportation and other tourist services. Recommended for The attractions that your clients could find that might be worth a try Culture Nature Adventure according to their interests. What to buy? Information about the art crafts that visitors can purchase during their tour. What to eat? An outline of each destination’s culinary specialties. Special recommendations Some tips that must be taken into account before or during the tour. Essentials. Places to visit and celebration dates. A selection of the places that are worth a visit and the main celebrations that are held down there. ONE COUNTRY, PLENTY OF DESTINATIONS W. Wust W. Credits DISCOVER PERU A Handbook for Tour Operators A publication of the Peru Export and Tourism Promotion Board - PromPerú © PromPerú. All rights reserved www.promperu.gob.pe Texts: Alvaro Rocha Design: AXIS Layout: Comunica 2 SAC Map Design: Grupo Geographos Photographic Editors: Heinz Plenge Pardo, Fernando López Mazzotti English Translation: Damian & Mimi Hager - Accurate Translation English Proof Reading: Antonio Yonz Martínez Print Supervisor: Flavio Casalino Acknowledgements: The following Regional Offices of Foreign Trade and Tourism: Áncash, Arequipa, Cajamarca, Cusco, Ica, Lambayeque, La Libertad, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Piura, Puno and Tumbes, Corredor Turístico Sur del Perú, Mauricio de Romaña, Jaime Acevedo and Rodrigo Morey Hecho el Depósito Legal en la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú N° 2007 - 11120 Lima, October 2007 ONE COUNTRY, PLENTY OF DESTINATIONS H. Plenge H. One country … plenty of destinations Peru! You have to see it to believe it, to open your eyes and, all of a sudden, awake in Machu Picchu, magical city, that has just been internationally voted as one of the new Seven Wonders of the World. It is a dream come true that every living soul should experience, along with planting a tree, writing a book and having a child… visit Machu Picchu. Peru! A land wrapped in 10,000 years of history. Heart of the mighty Incan Empire and many other ancient civilizations that took root in this territory and left telling traces of their glorious past…vestiges like Caral, the royal tombs of Sipán (the most grandiose tomb in the Americas), the enigmatic Nasca Lines and the amazing fortress of Kuélap. Peru! One of the most diverse countries, sheltering 84 of the known 117 life zones, a place where you can journey along a path leading through solid desert, over dizzying mountain peaks and then down to lush jungles in what seems like just one breath. Peru! An exquisite land, whose food has already attained international fame in haute cuisine. A rainbow of sights, sounds and colors, where you can watch thousands of pulsating dances and listen to ancient musical instruments in the majesty of its grand festivals and religious processions and can still today hear more than 50 native languages spoken. Peru! One destination yet holding an infinite amount of destinations, for you to make unique and original tour packages, home to millions of people waiting to welcome you and your clients with their open arms. ONE COUNTRY, PLENTY OF DESTINATIONS Useful Information Getting to Peru Visas and customs see whether they are accepted dishes from the coast, highlands or not before making purchases and jungle. You can find all or ordering. • Direct flights or with layovers Visas for entering Peru are not kinds of restaurants to discover this mixture of flavors: from the from main world cities to the required for most countries Health highly sophisticated to simple Jorge Chávez International in the Americas and Western and inexpensive establishments. Airport, Lima. More information Europe. Bolivians, Ecuadorians, • If you are planning to travel to When it comes to ordering food, found at: www.lap.com.pe Brazilians, Colombians and the mountains, the following some dishes are usually served Chileans may even enter specific will help you avoid experiencing intensely seasoned, which is why • From Ecuador: crossing regions of the country just mountain sickness: rest on the we suggest you to learn about the border to Aguas Verdes by presenting their national first day of your arrival, eat light them before ordering. (Tumbes) on the Pan American identification documents.The foods, drink plenty of fluids, and Highway and on the road maximum authorized length keep lime drops on hand. If you Air Travel connecting the border towns of of stay is 90 days. To remain suffer from heart conditions, • From the city of Lima, you can Loja, Ecuador and La Tina, Peru longer or for staying in the consult your physician. take domestic flights to the (Piura). From Bolivia: the towns country for other purposes main tourist destinations of the of Yunguyo and Copacabana, (residency, study, research, • If you are planning to country. Bolivia, to the towns of work, etc.), you must request travel to the jungle, take the Desaguadero and Kasani, the corresponding visa at the proper measures to protect • Each airport charges a tax for Peru, respectively. From Chile: Peruvian consulate in your yourself from mosquito bites: the use of its facilities, called crossing the border to Santa country of residence prior to vaccinations against tropical the T.U.U.A. or airport use tax, Rosa, Peru (Tacna) on the Pan traveling. diseases, insect repellant and which is not part of the price of American Highway. medication. Consult your doctor your airline ticket, must be paid A list of duty free goods before traveling. Take note in cash before boarding your • On the Amazon River to the can be found at these that a yellow fever vaccination airplane, and differs according city of Iquitos, Peru, from the to the city of departure. Minors two websites: is required and must be cities of Leticia (Colombia) and administered at least 10 days are also charged. Tabatinga (Brazil). www.aduanet.gob.pe before your trip. If not, it will not or www.peru.info take effect. Inter-provincial buses • On Lake Titicaca, from the • Inter-provincial bus service city of Guaqui, Bolivia to Puno, Safety covers all destinations within Peru. There is also road access Currency and forms the country, except for some to Desaguadero, Peru, from of payment During your visit to Peru, it is cities located in the Amazon. Guaqui, Bolivia. important that you take the same Your comfort level on the bus • The official currency of Peru precautions for personal safety will be determined by the • Cruises with stopovers at is the Nuevo Sol (S/.), yet the shared by all tourist destinations amount of money you pay as Callao (30 minutes from U.S. Dollar is accepted at some the world over, such as not well as whether it is a direct Lima). Other ports: in the local businesses, restaurants, leaving your personal items service with no stops or there North, Salaverry (La Libertad) and gas stations at the day’s unattended in public areas and are stops along the route. and Chimbote (Ancash); in exchange rate. avoiding deserted areas at night. the South, San Martin (Ica), Car Rental Matarani (Arequipa), and Ilo • It is possible to exchange • The world’s main car rental (Moquegua). foreign currency (USD and Tourist services companies operate in Peru. A Euros) at hotels, banks, and good piece of information to authorized exchange offices. Lodging know is that since the country’s Clothes you Options for lodging are many terrain is so rough, 4x4 vehicles should bring • ATM machines can be found in and varied, from 5-star hotels to are the most requested. most major cities in Peru, and hostels, lodges and family-run pensions that are authorized by Regardless of the time of year these accept a variety of cards. • If you wish to drive throughout the National Tourism Department. and the place you wish to visit, Peru, you must have your We recommend you make prior we recommend that during your • The most widely accepted driver’s license, a copy of bookings. Most establishments stay in Peru you bring warm credit cards are: American your passport, the vehicle’s Express, VISA, Diners Club and have email addresses and fax registration, and if it is a rental, clothing, comfortably fitting MasterCard. When using any numbers to help with the booking the respective contract.
Recommended publications
  • Quispe Pacco Sandro.Pdf

    Quispe Pacco Sandro.Pdf

    UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN SECUNDARIA COMPLEJO ARQUEOLÓGICO DE MAUKA LLACTA DEL DISTRITO DE NUÑOA TESIS PRESENTADA POR: SANDRO QUISPE PACCO PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO DE LICENCIADO EN EDUCACIÓN CON MENCIÓN EN LA ESPECIALIDAD DE CIENCIAS SOCIALES PROMOCIÓN 2016- II PUNO- PERÚ 2017 1 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL ALTIPLANO FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE EDUCACIÓN SEUNDARIA COMPLEJO ARQUEOLÓGICO DE MAUKA LLACTA DEL D ���.r NUÑOA SANDRO QUISPE PACCO APROBADA POR EL SIGUIENTE JURADO: PRESIDENTE e;- • -- PRIMER MIEMBRO --------------------- > '" ... _:J&ª··--·--••__--s;; E • Dr. Jorge Alfredo Ortiz Del Carpio SEGUNDO MIEMBRO --------M--.-S--c--. --R--e-b-�eca Alano�ca G�u�tiérre-z-- -----�--- f DIRECTOR ASESOR ------------------ , M.Sc. Lor-- �VÍlmore Lovón -L-o--v-ó--n-- ------------- Área: Disciplinas Científicas Tema: Patrimonio Histórico Cultural DEDICATORIA Dedico este informe de investigación a Dios, a mi madre por su apoyo incondicional, durante estos años de estudio en el nivel pregrado en la UNA - Puno. Para todos con los que comparto el día a día, a ellos hago la dedicatoria. 2 AGRADECIMIENTO Mi principal agradecimiento a la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano – Puno primera casa superior de estudios de la región de Puno. A la Facultad de Educación, en especial a los docentes de la especialidad de Ciencias Sociales, que han sido parte de nuestro crecimiento personal y profesional. A mi familia por haberme apoyado económica y moralmente en
  • Aplicación De La Ley N.º 28440: Sistema Electoral Y Participación Ciudadana De Centros Poblados, Arequipa, 2016

    Aplicación De La Ley N.º 28440: Sistema Electoral Y Participación Ciudadana De Centros Poblados, Arequipa, 2016

    UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE SANTA MARÍA ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO MAESTRÍA EN DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL APLICACIÓN DE LA LEY N.º 28440: SISTEMA ELECTORAL Y PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA DE CENTROS POBLADOS, AREQUIPA, 2016 Tesis presentada por la Bachiller MARÍA DEL CARMEN PAZ BARREDA Para optar por el Grado Académico de MAESTRO EN DERECHO CONSTITUCIONAL Asesor DR. EDUARDO JESÚS MEZA FLORES Arequipa-Perú 2017 A mi hijo, Imanol y mi familia, por su apoyo y comprensión. 2 La democracia lleva al más bello nombre que existe “igualdad” Herodoto Para nosotros, la democracia es una cuestión de dignidad humana. Y la dignidad humana es la libertad política. Sven Olaf Palme 3 ÍNDICE GENERAL RESUMEN 9 ABSTRACT 10 INTRODUCCIÓN 11 CAPÍTULO I: SISTEMA ELECTORAL Y DERECHO DE PARTICIPACIÓN 13 CIUDADANA 1. SISTEMA ELECTORAL 14 A. ANTECEDENTES 14 B. CONCEPTO 15 C. SISTEMA ELECTORAL DE LAS ELECCIONES MUNICIPALES 22 D. PRINCIPIOS 23 E. ORGANISMOS ELECTORALES 26 F. CRÍTICAS AL SISTEMA ELECTORAL ACTUAL 36 G. PROCESO ELECTORAL 38 H. PARTICIPACIÓN DE LOS ORGANISMOS ELECTORALES 48 I. GARANTÍAS ELECTORALES 49 J. LEGISLACIÓN COMPARADA 51 2. DERECHO DE PARTICIPACIÓN CIUDADANA 53 A. DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL A LA PARTICIPACIÓN POLÍTICA 58 B. DERECHO AL VOTO 62 C. DERECHO A ELEGIR O SER ELEGIDO 65 DERECHO A PERTENECER O REPRESENTAR A UNA ORGANIZACIÓN D. 66 POLÍTICA CAPÍTULO II: LEY N.º 28440, LEY DE ELECCIÓN DE AUTORIDADES MUNICIPALES DE CENTROS POBLADOS 69 1. LAS MUNICIPALIDADES 70 A. AUTONOMÍA MUNICIPAL 71 2. IMPORTANCIA DE LOS CENTROS POBLADOS EN EL PERÚ 75 3. ANÁLISIS DE LA LEY N.º 28440 80 A. ACTORES 81 B. DISEÑO DEL PROCESO 85 C.
  • Módulos Autosustentables Para La Infraestructura Educativa Primaria En La Zona Rural De Cajamarca, Distrito De Asunción

    Módulos Autosustentables Para La Infraestructura Educativa Primaria En La Zona Rural De Cajamarca, Distrito De Asunción

    Módulos autosustentables para la infraestructura educativa primaria en la zona rural de Cajamarca, distrito de Asunción Item Type info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis Authors Balarezo del Valle, Jiri; Huamán Camargo, Joseph Pavel; Mendieta Gutiérrez, José Luis; Salazar Muñoz, Franz Lennon; Sánchez Paredes, Julio Cesar Publisher Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) Rights info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess; Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States Download date 04/10/2021 07:06:59 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626350 UNIVERSIDAD PERUANA DE CIENCIAS APLICADAS ESCUELA DE POSTGRADO PROGRAMA DE MAESTRIA EN DIRECCION DE LA CONSTRUCCION Módulos autosustentables para la infraestructura educativa primaria en la zona rural de Cajamarca, distrito de Asunción. TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Para optar el grado académico de Maestro en Dirección de la Construcción. AUTORES: Balarezo del Valle, Jiri (ORCID 0000-0003-4193-0987) Huamán Camargo, Joseph Pavel (ORCID 0000-0002-3800-6462) Mendieta Gutiérrez, José Luis (ORCID 0000-0001-9651-0213) Salazar Muñoz, Franz Lennon (ORCID 0000-0003-3845-1715) Sánchez Paredes, Julio Cesar (ORCID 0000-0003-0707-9367) ASESOR: Uehara Yagi, José Daniel (ORCID 0000-0002-9190-6443) Lima, 15 de marzo de 2019 DEDICATORIA: A Dios por habernos dado fortaleza y salud para cumplir nuestros objetivos. A nuestra familia por todo el cariño y apoyo incondicional que siempre nos han demostrado. A todas aquellas personas que colaboraron, mediante sus valiosas opiniones, en el desarrollo de este proyecto. RESUMEN El desarrollo de la presente tesis tiene como objetivo disminuir el déficit de la infraestructura educativa primaria, mediante el desarrollo de módulos autosustentables en el distrito de Asunción de la provincia y departamento de Cajamarca; la cual forma parte de los sectores rurales del Perú con una altitud superior a los 2200 msnm de la sierra peruana del departamento de Cajamarca.
  • A Multi-Disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru

    A Multi-Disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru

    Journal of International and Global Studies Volume 1 Number 2 Article 1 4-1-2010 A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru Sarah McCune Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática, Salud, Medicina y Agricultura (AB PRISMA), Lima, Peru Angela M. Bayer Division of Infectious Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Gabrielle C. Hunter Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA Natalie M. Bowman Johns Hopkins Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Juan G. Cornejo del Carpio Dirección Regional del Ministerio de Salud, Arequipa, Peru See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs Part of the Anthropology Commons, Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Sociology Commons Recommended Citation McCune, Sarah; Bayer, Angela M.; Hunter, Gabrielle C.; Bowman, Natalie M.; Cornejo del Carpio, Juan G.; Naquira, Cesar; Gilman, Robert H.; Bern, Caryn; and Levy, Michael Z. (2010) "A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru," Journal of International and Global Studies: Vol. 1 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digitalcommons.lindenwood.edu/jigs/vol1/iss2/1 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of International and Global Studies by an authorized editor of Digital Commons@Lindenwood University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Multi-disciplinary Overview of Chagas in Periurban Peru Authors Sarah McCune, Angela M.
  • Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon

    Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon

    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2018 The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon Christian Calienes The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2526 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] THE PRODUCTION OF SPACE Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon By Christian Calienes A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Earth and Environmental Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York 2018 i © 2018 CHRISTIAN CALIENES All Rights Reserved ii The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon by Christian Calienes This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Earth & Environmental Sciences in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Inés Miyares Chair of Examining Committee Date Cindi Katz Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Inés Miyares Thomas Angotti Mark Ungar THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT The Production of Space: Indigenous Resistance Movements in the Peruvian Amazon By Christian Calienes Advisor: Inés Miyares The resistance movement that resulted in the Baguazo in the northern Peruvian Amazon in 2009 was the culmination of a series of social, economic, political and spatial processes that reflected the Peruvian nation’s engagement with global capitalism and democratic consolidation after decades of crippling instability and chaos.
  • Evidencia Del Complejo Arqueológico Kuélap

    Evidencia Del Complejo Arqueológico Kuélap

    El efecto de la inversion´ en infraestructura sobre la demanda tur´ıstica: evidencia del complejo arqueologico´ kuelap.´ Erick Lahura, Lucely Puscan y Rosario Sabrera* Resumen ¿Cu´ales el efecto de la inversi´onen infraestructura sobre la demanda tur´ıstica? Para responder a esta pregunta, se analiza el caso del Complejo Arqueol´ogico Ku´elap,el cual se ha beneficiado de la construcci´onde un sistema de telecabinas que ha hecho m´asaccesible y atractiva su visita desde su inauguraci´onen marzo del a~no2017. La hip´otesisque se plantea es que dicha inversi´onen infraestructura tur´ıstica ha tenido un efecto importante sobre la demanda tur´ıstica de Ku´elap.Para evaluar la validez de esta hip´otesis,se aplica un estudio de caso comparativo en el cual se utiliza un \control sint´etico" construido a partir de la informaci´onde los diferentes sitios arqueol´ogicos del Per´uentre los a~nos2008 y 2018. Este control sint´etico permite estimar cu´alhubiera sido la evoluci´onde las visitas a Ku´elapsi no se hubiera construido el sistema de telecabinas. Los resultados muestran que la inversi´onen infraestructura tur´ıstica en Ku´elapgener´oun aumento de aproximadamente 100 por ciento en el n´umero de visitas. En los ´ultimosa~nos,el turismo ha incrementado su importancia dentro de la econom´ıa,especialmente en pa´ısesen desarrollo Faber y Gaubert (2019). Seg´unla Organizaci´onMundial del Turismo (2019), dicha actividad genera cerca del 10 % del PBI mundial y crea 1 de cada 10 empleos en el mundo. En el Per´u,el turismo ha logrado una contribuci´onde cerca del 4 % al PBI nacional, seg´unreporta el Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y Turismo (2016).
  • UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR ANT 3164-7927/ANG 5164-06DA LIMITED ENROLLMENT Spring 2015 by Instructor’S Permission

    UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR ANT 3164-7927/ANG 5164-06DA LIMITED ENROLLMENT Spring 2015 by Instructor’S Permission

    1 UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR ANT 3164-7927/ANG 5164-06DA LIMITED ENROLLMENT Spring 2015 By Instructor’s Permission Prof. Michael Moseley Thursday Periods 6-8 Turlington B352 (12:50 - 3:55 pm) [email protected] Turlington (TUR) Room 1208 Course website: http://lss.at.ufl.edu THE INCA AND THEIR ANCESTORS: ADAPTATIONS IN ANDEAN SOUTH AMERICA Drawing from ethnological, historical, and archaeological sources, this seminar explores human adjustments to extreme ecological conditions. Embracing the towering Andean Mountains, the parched Atacama Desert, and the Amazon jungle fringes, the Inca Imperium was the largest empire of antiquity ever to arise south of the equator or in the Western Hemisphere. It synthesized unique adaptations to acute environmental conditions that had precedents in earlier societies and states of the Cordillera. Many of these adjustments continue to sustain the hemisphere’s largest Native American populations. Consequently, ethnographies and ethnohistories of indigenous people capture fascinating cultural institutions that shaped the archaeological past. The seminar will explore both the successes of Andean people and the failures of human development induced by natural disasters. CLASS STRUCTURE In addition to opening presentations, weekly classes will have student commentary and discussion of assigned readings. There will be oral assessments of how the readings articulate with seminar topics. Drawing upon the readings, each participant will bring to class a ~2 page short synopsis of questions and issues for discussion. The weekly briefs are important because they will guide the seminar’s considerations. They will be graded as will oral participation. Attendance is required. WEEKLY READINGS Seminar participants will be assigned weekly reading that form core discussion issues.
  • An Introduction to the Bofedales of the Peruvian High Andes

    An Introduction to the Bofedales of the Peruvian High Andes

    An introduction to the bofedales of the Peruvian High Andes M.S. Maldonado Fonkén International Mire Conservation Group, Lima, Peru _______________________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY In Peru, the term “bofedales” is used to describe areas of wetland vegetation that may have underlying peat layers. These areas are a key resource for traditional land management at high altitude. Because they retain water in the upper basins of the cordillera, they are important sources of water and forage for domesticated livestock as well as biodiversity hotspots. This article is based on more than six years’ work on bofedales in several regions of Peru. The concept of bofedal is introduced, the typical plant communities are identified and the associated wild mammals, birds and amphibians are described. Also, the most recent studies of peat and carbon storage in bofedales are reviewed. Traditional land use since prehispanic times has involved the management of water and livestock, both of which are essential for maintenance of these ecosystems. The status of bofedales in Peruvian legislation and their representation in natural protected areas and Ramsar sites is outlined. Finally, the main threats to their conservation (overgrazing, peat extraction, mining and development of infrastructure) are identified. KEY WORDS: cushion bog, high-altitude peat; land management; Peru; tropical peatland; wetland _______________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION organic soil or peat and a year-round green appearance which contrasts with the yellow of the The Tropical Andes Cordillera has a complex drier land that surrounds them. This contrast is geography and varied climatic conditions, which especially striking in the xerophytic puna. Bofedales support an enormous heterogeneity of ecosystems are also called “oconales” in several parts of the and high biodiversity (Sagástegui et al.
  • Pscde3 - the Four Sides of the Inca Empire

    Pscde3 - the Four Sides of the Inca Empire

    CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av. Manco Cápac 515 – Wanchaq Ca. M. M. Izaga 740 Of. 207 - Chiclayo www.chaskiventura.com T: 51+ 84 233952 T: 51 +74 221282 PSCDE3 - THE FOUR SIDES OF THE INCA EMPIRE SUMMARY DURATION AND SEASON 15 Days/ 14 Nights LOCATION Department of Arequipa, Puno, Cusco, Raqchi community ATRACTIONS Tourism: Archaeological, Ethno tourism, Gastronomic and landscapes. ATRACTIVOS Archaeological and Historical complexes: Machu Picchu, Tipón, Pisac, Pikillaqta, Ollantaytambo, Moray, Maras, Chinchero, Saqsayhuaman, Catedral, Qoricancha, Cusco city, Inca and pre-Inca archaeological complexes, Temple of Wiracocha, Arequipa and Puno. Living culture: traditional weaving techniques and weaving in the Communities of Chinchero, Sibayo, , Raqchi, Uros Museum: in Lima, Arequipa, Cusco. Natural areas: of Titicaca, highlands, Colca canyon, local fauna and flora. TYPE OF SERVICE Private GUIDE – TOUR LEADER English, French, or Spanish. Its presence is important because it allows to incorporate your journey in the thematic offered, getting closer to the economic, institutional, and historic culture and the ecosystems of the circuit for a better understanding. RESUME This circuit offers to get closer to the Andean culture and to understand its world view, its focus, its technologies, its mixture with the Hispanic culture, and the fact that it remains present in Indigenous Communities today. In this way, by bus, small boat, plane or walking, we will visit Archaeological and Historical Complexes, Communities, Museums & Natural Environments that will enable us to know the heart of the Inca Empire - the last heir of the Andean independent culture and predecessor of the mixed world of nowadays. CUSCO LAMBAYEQUE Email: [email protected] Av.
  • Download Download

    Download Download

    Vol. 9, No. 2, Winter 2012, 1-34 www.ncsu.edu/acontracorriente Murió comiendo rata: Power Relations in Pre-Sendero Ayacucho, Peru, 1940-1983 Miguel de la Serna University of North Carolina—Chapel Hill While taking my first shuttle to the Ayacuchan community of Chuschi in 2007, I went over my archival notes with my research assistant, Alberto.1 I told Alberto about Humberto Azcarza, a mestizo power holder who had been abusing Chuschi’s indigenous peasantry non-stop between 1935 and 1975. Moments later, Alberto showed me an obscure text that he had come across, about the neighboring town of Quispillaccta. I leafed through the pages and began reciting a passage about a bloody battle that erupted between the peasants of Chuschi and Quispillaccta in 1960. The authors of the text, all of them Quispillacctinos, claimed that the 1 An earlier version of this essay appeared under the title: “Local Power Relations in Ayacucho, Peru, 1940-1983” (Paper presented at the CLAH-AHA 2008 Meeting, Washington, D.C., 3-6 January 2008). I thank Christine Hunefeldt, Nancy Postero, Susan E. Ramírez, Eric Van Young, and especially my anonymous peer reviewer, for their thoughtful comments on previous drafts of this essay. I owe a tremendous debt of gratitude to Alberto Tucno and Julian Berrocal Flores for their invaluable assistance during my field research in Chuschi and Ayacucho City. Finally, I thank the Ford, Fulbright, and Guggenheim Foundations for providing me with the financial support necessary to complete this project. La Serna 2 Chuschinos had been led by Azcarza and another mestizo named Ernesto Jaime.
  • Landsat TM and ETM+ Derived Snowline Altitudes in the Cordillera Huayhuash and Cordillera Raura, Peru, 1986–2005

    Landsat TM and ETM+ Derived Snowline Altitudes in the Cordillera Huayhuash and Cordillera Raura, Peru, 1986–2005

    The Cryosphere, 5, 419–430, 2011 www.the-cryosphere.net/5/419/2011/ The Cryosphere doi:10.5194/tc-5-419-2011 © Author(s) 2011. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Landsat TM and ETM+ derived snowline altitudes in the Cordillera Huayhuash and Cordillera Raura, Peru, 1986–2005 E. M. McFadden1,*,**, J. Ramage1, and D. T. Rodbell2 1Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, 1 West Packer Ave., Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA 2Geology Department, Union College, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA *now at: Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, 1090 Carmack Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA **now at: School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, 275 Mendenhall Laboratory, 125 S. Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA Received: 13 August 2010 – Published in The Cryosphere Discuss.: 6 October 2010 Revised: 10 March 2011 – Accepted: 4 May 2011 – Published: 23 May 2011 Abstract. The Cordilleras Huayhuash and Raura are remote and better-known Cordillera Blanca, and has 117 glaciers glacierized ranges in the Andes Mountains of Peru. A robust covering ∼85 km2 (Morales Arnao, 2001). Peaks are typ- assessment of modern glacier change is important for under- ically over 6000 m a.s.l., with the highest peak recorded at standing how regional change affects Andean communities, 6617 m a.s.l. (Nevado Yerupaja).´ The Cordillera Raura, lo- and for placing paleo-glaciers in a context relative to mod- cated to the southeast of the Cordillera Huayhuash, has ern glaciation and climate. Snowline altitudes (SLAs) de- a slightly smaller (55 km2) glacier area (Morales Arnao, rived from satellite imagery are used as a proxy for modern 2001).
  • Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran

    Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran

    Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion.