H E m aterials I have used fo r the present life of Bar

tolomeo Colleon i have been in the main the following .

- s I have taken as a foundation the work of Spino , H i toria

’ della vita et fatti dell ecc ele ntissim o Capitano di guerra

i netia m . I V Bartolo eo Coglione scritta per M Pietro Spino , n appresso G ratioso Percacci no and the life of

“ Coll eon i in II Castello di Cave rnago ei Conti Martinengo

’ Colleoni , memorie storiche dell avvocato Giuseppe Maria

1 88 . Bonomi , Bergamo , Fratelli Bolis 4 Signor Bonomi has a large acquaintance with the archives of the M artinengo m fa ily , and has been instrumental in recovering the house of Colleoni in Bergamo for the municipality . The second

of M DCC& & & I I edition Spino , published at Bergamo , , contains two funeral orations and some additional information . The

of on Cornazz ano life Spino is founded that by , a poet who

ll ni Co eo . lived with at Malpaga The life, written in Latin ,

is contained in the Thesaurus of G raevius . I have not found it of any great value . I am al s o indebted to a life o f

Colleon i by Professor Gabriele Rosa, kindly lent me by the i z v P mfi ce .

‘ of author . H e is well acquainted with the history the time

“ ’ ” Th e o f s . which he treat Annali d I talia, by M uratori ,

s i des have been constantly in my hands , as also the H i to re ” diffi Republiques I taliennes , by S ismondi . There is some culty in correlating th e personal history of Colleoni with the

history of his time, because his biographers and panegyrists

attribute to him exploits which , in ordinary historians , are

to N 0 m referred other people . one who atte pts to write the life o f Colleo n i can dis pense with the magnificently printed

I n s itu ti o M a nific Pie a is B r i t ae t t e om & c . work , Pii Loci g g

’ B er omi s Coll e oni s g which contains , al o, will , with

th e o f i ts codicils . I found in library at Bergamo abstracts papers in the Venetian archives relating to Colleo n i ; these I

had copied , and I have used them in my book . I have paid s its everal visits to Bergamo and neighbourhood , and in the

’ exploration of s ites connected with Colleon i s life have been greatly assisted by Da Ponte ’ s “ Dizionario Odeporico ” Ber

1 8 1 its gamo , 9 , an admirable work of kind

Th e bes t authority fo r the visit o f K i n g Christian o f

“ D e nmark to I taly I have found to be the H olstein

i l h is e e H v tfe d s I . Chronicl , quot d by in H i tory of Christian ,

1 h as s publish e d in 5 99 . I t been tran lated for me from the

black letter Danish by Mr . Bain of the British M useum , to

whom th e best thanks o f the Arund e l Society are d ue . I have been abl e to make som e corrections from the German translation o f th e s ame chronicle in the British Mu seu m . I a m much oblige d to Profes s or H e nry M iddleton and M r . P r ef a ce . v ii

Edmund Oldfield for having looked through th e proof f ’ o . sheets , and also to M r . Charles Sayle , St J ohn s College,

Cambridge , for assisting me in preparing the index .

I t i s possible that many interesting details of Colleon i s

e s I life have escaped my r earch . n this case I shall be obliged h mm to anyone w o will co unicate them to me .

C & N I NG OS AR B RO .

’ LLE E B E KING S CO G , CAM RIDG ,

11 M ar /z 1 61 1 1 . c , 89

L I S T O F I L L U S T RA T I O N S .

E CO LLEON I TH E UE E E E H AD AND BUST OF , FROM EQ STRIAN STATU AT V NIC , V B & EROCCH I O .

’ “ COLLEON I M SP I N O S E OF COLLEON I . PORTRAIT OF , FRO LIF

E L O LLE N I B & I C O . G U D I ZZAN I . M DA OF , M

E COLLEON I H E E . EQU STRIAN PORTRAIT OF , IN HIS OUS AT B RGAMO

’ “ M L E F S P I N O S E COLLEON I . AR ORIA B ARINGS, ROM LIF OF

CO LLEON I TH E VE E B & PORTRAIT OF IN FRANCISCAN CON NT, FOUND D HIM

E AT MARTIN NGO .

TH E LE LP E E . CAST OF MA AGA, N AR B RGAMO

’ LE COLL EON I S & TH E B L B & FACSIMI OF HAND RITING, FROM PU IC LI RAR AT

E M B RGA O .

TH E L I FE O F B A RTO LO M E O CO L LE O N I .

M O N G the many monuments of mediaeval I taly which

cover the plains of Lombardy, none is more interesting

e of than the castl Of Trezzo , seated on the right bank the

Adda about midway on its pass age from the gorges Of the

e s e P low r Alp to the broad wat rs of the O . The green rushing river wind s round a promontory which is almos t an

C s . s i s island The ma sive astle ri es in the midst . I t built of closely compacted blocks of pudding-ston e mixed with courses

f se o brick . I n its pre nt ruined condition it presents an

to untidy appearance a close inspection , but in the days of its prime it was faced with smooth slabs of stone o n which

- - no foot or s caling ladder could rest . Descending stee ply

th e o r into river rising from foundations of precipitous rock , it seeme d to defy attack . I t was connected with th e left bank

' s tron c on struc tion by a triple bridge of g , the lower path leading to the dungeons , the middle way to the quarters

Of the garrison , while the upper road would conduct the

e e mast r of the castl and his ladies to their chambers . The

s was B arnabo ca tle built by Visconti , and the bridge was de s troyed by Carmagnola . From the tower of the keep the eye range s over a vi e w rich i n b e auty and i n hi s torical as s o

B ' 2 Th e Lif e of Ba r tolomeo Col/eom . c iati ns T o th e s th e of i s s o . outh plain Lombardy lo t in the

e e e haze , watered by canals , t eming with maiz and vine , dott d

' '

e s ca m mzzl z. th e e with countl s p To ast, near at hand , is the

far is s hill city of Bergamo , away to the west di cerned th e slender s pire which crown s the marble du omo of M ilan .

To the north the eye , after plunging from the giddy height

th e s . into the lovely waters Of the Adda , rises to hill The

R eseg on e of Lecco bound s th e vi e w ; still neare r are the hills

o f which encircle the monastery Of Pontida , the birthplace the

s th e Lombard league . Con picuous at edge of the plain is a

th e e Coll eon i conical hill topped by a ruin called Torr dei , the

of birthplace that noble family , and just below is the church

o f o n th e si x tower Solza, a little village Adda about miles

e e 1 00 . from Trezzo , wh r Bartolomeo was born in the year 4

The room I n which he s aw the light is s till reverenced by his

- fellow countrymen .

~ Colleo n i o f e The were an ancient family B rgamo . The

e city was torn asund r , like other I talian towns , by the rival f factions o Guelf and G hibellin e . The Ghib e lline cau s e was

s th e su tained by Suardi , the Guelf by the Rivola and the

Co lleo n i . e 1 1 0 1 s s A document dat d Bergamo , , bear the igna

’ e Ol ric u s S iv ardus G is ilbe rtu s Co - e e tur of , and l on , the lion s

e s th e s n f h ad , which testifie to ancient pelli g o the nam e . I n

1 1 8 2 and 1 1 89 we find a Carpiglio ne Coglione holding an

s s s honourable po ition at I ola and at Calu co . The son o f

Car i lione w as e G hisalberto w p g Alb rigo , of Alberigo , who as a

o f G h i salb e rto o f e Ca r i liata j udge , Galeazzo , Gal azzo p g , who was a powerful captain under Pope U rban V . ( 1 36 2

Car i liata tw o s G G u id p g had son , uardino and o tto ; G u idotto ’ T/ze L e B a r l o/ome gf of o Golleow . 3

s o n e was th e had a , Paulo , familiarly corrupt d into Puho , who f of ather Bartolomeo . We read Of a S o zz an dei Coglioni who was appointed a judge of appeal in Bergamo with remainder to

th e I his descendants by Emperor Frederick I . in the year

1 2 2 T resado wh o 4 , also of a Coglioni , became Podesta o f

1 2 B arn a 0 . 1 bo Lodi in 7 I n 3 7 3 , Visconti , in order to avenge

e so n Coll e n the d ath Of his Ambrogio , attacked Guglielmo o i ,

and drove him into the monastery of Pontida, and put him to death after he had surrendered upon promise of having hi s life spared .

’ The name of Bartolomeo s mother was Ric ardo na Valva

S ai u i n i w a sori dei g . H is father s not very wealthy, but he

s o f h i n l po sessed the two castles Solza and C g o o . O n Septem

rd 1 0 2 Coll eo n i two old ber 3 , 4 , when was years , Gian

o f e Galeazzo Visconti , ruler M ilan , di d at M arignano on the

Lambro ; he divided his dominions between h is two l egiti mate sons Gian Maria and Filippo Maria, and an illegitimate son Gabriello whom he had recogniz e d . As his children were under age he confided the regency to his wife Caterina , with the assistance of a council which consisted of Francesco

o f Gonzaga, lord Mantua, Count Antonio of U rbino , J acopo

M alate ste del Verme , Pandolfo , Count Alberico da Barbiano ,

r and Francesco Barbava a of N ovara . T he regents s oon began to quarrel amongst themselves and to rebel against the

u e Duchess , being disg sted at the favour which she exhibit d

Th e so towards B arbavara . large territory laboriously

e Caval cabo s e amassed was violently torn asund r . Ugo ized

n s upon Cremona and Crema , Fra chino Rusca made him elf

as te o f e e O f m r Como , the Guelf party occupi d a larg part ' 4 Tae Life of Bar tolom eo Co/leom .

fl s Brescia, Bergamo was torn asunder by con icting faction .

I n the general confusion Pu h O Colle oni seized upon

o f s of the castle Trezzo, a mo t important bulwark the

M ilanese territory towards the territory of Bergamo . I t

s is said that Puho , having establi hed himself at Trezzo ,

h is D on dac c io s incited first cousins Giovanni , , Te tino and

s e Paolo to share his fortune , as th y were exiled from

B ergamo and were in a poor condition . One day the four

e brothers , led by Giovanni the ldest , attacked Puho as he was playing at draughts , killed him , and threw his widow into o n e of the dunge ons o f the fortress . Bartolomeo took refuge

s of e with a schoolmaster in the mountain B rgamo , until , after

s e h is the lap e of a year, he r joined mother at Solza . Even

w as s here he was not left i n peace , but thrown into pri on by

B e n z on e of Giorgio , lord Crema, until he could pay from his

’ mother s dowry s ome de bts which were due from h i s elder brother A ntonio to that tyrant .

1 6th 1 1 2 O n May , 4 , Gian Maria Visconti , who was

for c on detested his cruelty , was murdered by a body of s ira rs w as s p to while he hearing mas in the church of S . f Gottardo . H is brother F ilippo M aria now became Duke o

h is M ilan , and his first Object was to recover the dominions of

' ’ w as father . The castle of Trezzo taken by the oou aoflzer e

lle ni 1 1 6 Co o . Carmagnola in 4 , and the were turned out

Probably b e fore this time Bartolom e o had entered the service o f A rc elli th e F ilippo , lord of Piacenza , where he received

s o f ll s ordinary education of a page . I n cour e time A rc e i wa

s s o f him elf defeated by Filippo Maria Vi conti , and the bodies h is s on and brothers were impaled upon the walls before his ' Th e L ye of B a r fo/omeo Col/eom . 5

s ll n i e . eye . Co eo had to fly for his lif H e betook himself to

’ ’ ‘ I oon aoi zzer e the south of taly, where the principal captains of

e f the age were then e ngaged . At this tim the kingdom o

o f h e s Napl e s was in a state t utmo t confusion . The titular

e Queen was J oanna I I . , the degenerate descendant of the gr at

f . e Charles O Anjou Pop Martin V . who had first crowned and then found that he could not tolerate her, had called in

f s f s I I . o o as a rival Louis I Anjou , a cion the house of Valoi .

1 2 1 o f h e r s Joanna in 4 proclaimed Alfonso Aragon succes or ,

e s s h e é o f whom thirt en year later deserted for Ren Anjou ,

s o f titular D uke of Lorraine . After a eries long and ruinous

s was e war , peace eventually secured by the entranc of Alfonso

e 1 2 2 s o f e into Napl s in 4 . The grand con table the Que n was

Atte n dol o s - e Sforza , who from being a imple wood cutt r had

' ’ ‘ s th e s eo a zze e ri en to the position of mo t powerful fz ot r of his age .

The Pope now sent for Sforza and pe rs uaded him to support f o . s the cause the Duke Of Anjou H e marched to N aple ,

s as returned to Q ueen Joanna his in ignia constable , and

s e ordered her to renounce the crown . Be id s the proclama tion of Alfon s o She thought it advisable to call in the

o f e S h e assistance Braccio , count of Monton , whom invested

f a s with the principality o Capua . H is reputation a mer c en ary ge neral was only second to that of Sforza . Braccio took posses sion of Sulmona and marched to the capture of

Aversa, where Sforza met him . At this time J acopo Caldora , one of the barons who had revolted against Queen J oanna

e e and had join d Sforza , suddenly came ov r to the side of

e n e ral s e to s Braccio . The two g marched togeth r Naple , and

e o n 2 6 th 1 2 1 th e arrived ther June , 4 , just at moment whe n ' 6 Tfie Life of B a r fo/omeo Colleom .

K ing Alfon s o entered the harbour with his fleet . Not long afte r this Quee n J oanna quarrelled with Alfonso and called

Sforza to her aid .

I nto the s urging s ea of discord the young Bartolomeo was

s to n thrown . H e fir t attached himself Braccio , who k owing

h is e nothing of him except app arance , placed him amongst

’ i - h s r a azz z e s . S O g , who were littl better than stable boy he

e on left Braccio and joined Caldora, who was th n fighting the

s side of Sforza . A story that he cro sed the sea to take

e s servic in France , was captured by pirates near Mar eilles , and was brought back to Naples , has probably but little foun

a s of dation . C ldora fir t gave him command twenty horses

f I s and then o fifteen more . I t S aid that he attracted the

an d s s of attention , po ibly the love, Queen J oanna, who gave

e - him the w ll known badge , which he constantly used , of two

’ red two lions heads joined by a band , between narrower bands of white .

e 1 2 e th e e Towards the clos of 4 3 , Braccio und rtook si ge

o f for Of the city Aquila , which had declared Queen J oanna against the K ing o f Aragon . The siege lasted for more

its than a year . I t was during progress that Sforza , hasten

th e e ing to relief of the City , was drown d at the mouth o f

h 1 2 t . e the river Pescara on J anuary 4 , 4 4 The str am was

e swollen by the tid , Sforza was impatient to reach the

oppos ite bank . When in the midst of the stream he turned

e round to catch a drowning pag by the hair . H is hors e lost

e its footing, and he f ll from the saddle . Twice he rai s ed

s s mailed hand in upplication , but his helmet and his armour

was weighed him down , and his body never recovered .

' 8 Th e s e of Bar tolom eo Coll eom .

u s h is Coll eoni h Spino tells in biography of , t at the leaders o f Coll eo ni the attack were , M ocenigo da Lugo , and the s on o f Caval cabO of Colleon i Ugolino , lord Cremona, and that

Caval cabb was the first to mount the battlements . expected to obtain the ass istance of his countrymen within the walls .

s o f Whatever may have been the true circum tances the case ,

w as s e on 8 th Carmagnola udd e nly summoned to Venic April ,

1 2 w as e o n 4 3 , brought to trial b fore the Council of Ten , and

th was e e May 5 in the same year b headed , with a gag betwe n P h is e s o n iazetta . te th , between the two column the of St

Mark .

Colleon i now took service under the great Republic .

s e now Carmagnola had entrusted him with forty hor men , he

b e had command of eighty . I t must remembered that in the mercenary companies each lance or cavall o comprised

' ca or a l e o r -at- za tta three men , the p man arms , the p or squire ,

r a azz o or e . and the g pag The first two rode chargers, and

e the pag had a pony as a nag . Five lances u s ually made

’ ’ ta o te e éa a os s a zer a . was up a f , and five f mad a There also

for e h ad generally an Officer ev ry ten lances . Peac e been

e e made b tween M ilan and Venice by the treaty of F rrara ,

o n 1 1 2 8 . signed April 9th , 4 The Venetian dominion was e e th e xtend d as far as the Adda , including great Cities of

a . Brescia and Berg mo The truce did no t last long . Fran

th e s o f cesco Sforza , who had entered into ervice the Visconti ,

e e urg d a ren wal Of the struggle , in which Carmagnola played

n i o . h s a prominent part the side of Venice After execution , th e e s O lio e of V netian army cro sed the g , and took the castl s

B o rdelan o e n d e e a . , Romanengo, F ontan lla, Soncino Th y ov r ' ' Th e L e o a r me G e gf f B tolo o oll ow . 9

a a . ran the Val C monica and the V ltellina Piccinino , the

o f th e s w as e e general Vi conti , at first b aten , but won aft r

s Coll eon i wards victorie at Lecco . is said to hav e been equally conspicuous in victory and in defeat . Together with

' ’ s eoh aottzer e e the famou , Stefano da Narni , called Gattam lata,

e e he collect d the fugitives , and brought th m through the

of S assina mountain paths the Val and the Val San Martino .

The Ve netians now intrusted the command of their armies

s of re to Gian Francesco Gonzaga, Marqui M antua , who covered the Val Camonica and the Valtellina .

of 1 A second peace Ferrara was concluded in April , 43 3 ,

2 md 1 . O n February , 43 5 , J oanna I I of N aples died . H er will é appointed as her heir Ren , Count of Provence and Duke o f of A njou , the father of the unfortunate Margaret , wife

of . of H enry V I . E ngland The validity this testament was

e s contest d by Alfon o, who hurried from Sicily to defend his

e o f kingdom , while the Pope declared that in the failur the

of of heirs of Charles Anjou , the crown N aples reverted to him

fi f e é as a Papal e . The Duk of Milan took the side of Ren

s e e against Alfonso , and ent a Genoes fle t to the rescue Of

of 1 Gaeta . The fleet Alfonso was defeated in August, 4 35 ,

his o ff the i s land of Ponza, and Alfonso , with brother J ohn ,

e . c on K ing of N avarr , was taken prisoner They were

ducted first to Genoa and then to M ilan , where Alfonso by his ability and charm completely subdued the capricious

Filippo Maria . H e persuaded him that it was his real

interest to prefer th e advancement of Aragon to that o f

e e . s France , and l ft him a d voted friend Thi sudden and

e e e ss i n romantic change produc d a gr at impr ion Europ e . ’ ’ 1 0 Th e L gfe of Ba r tolomeo Golleow .

The Pope was in despair . Soon after this the Florentine

e s exil s per uaded Filippo Maria to attack their city , and a league

e e was formed betw en Florenc and Venice, so that the great

e th s f 1 war b gan again in e pring o 4 3 7 . Gonzaga was ordered

s th e e o f to cros Adda, which he attempted to do by a bridg

fishi n - to re g boats ; he was , however, compelled by Piccinino l r B o are . treat, and reti ed to g

Spino relates a great service which Coll eoni rendered to

s s e th e the Venetian at thi time . Whil Venetian army was

B ol are Ch erio posted at g , on the , Piccinino , in considerably

s greater trength , was encamped near Malpaga , about two

e e miles distant . Piccinino proc eded to occupy Montic lli in the

e e s . rear of the Venetians , and a r treat became n ce sary for them

Gonzaga advised the abandonm e nt of all their baggage and encampments , and a hasty night march to Palazzuolo , where

ll n th e y would be able to cross the Oglio . Co eo i Oppo s ed the

o f e s s cowardly conduct deserting th ir tandard , and argued e P o n to lio loquently for an immediate advance to g , which was

s . d G on ea ier and Shorter Piccinino , reinforced by Lu ovico

s e e e s hi s e zaga , who de ert d the V n tian and fath r, attacked

e e th e e e o t . th m in the r ar , but V n tian army g away safely The

fi e ld in which this great danger assailed them has eve r since

“ ” a e f s be en known s the Fi ld o Fear . By the e movements

e was e Colleon i Diotesalv i B rgamo l ft deserted , but and Lupo

its e s e . hast ned to d fence Piccinino , in tead of attacking it , march e d to the castle o f Calepio o n th e Oglio which was de

Tru sardo . o u t s fended by Count After holding twenty day ,

s o n 2 th 1 w as it urrendered May 5 , 43 7 , and destroyed by

e Piccinino . That g n e ral th e n laid waste th e territory o f the ’ Th e s e of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom . 1 1

s s Bergamasque , but , being ucce sfully resisted i n the mountains

l n i Col eo . by Bartolomeo , turned his attention to Brescia T he

s Venetian army had , however , suffered uch considerable losses ,

that the Senate tran s ferred the command from Gonzaga to

ll n i . Co eo re Gattamelata , seeing that Bergamo was safe,

s of covered the ca tle Gorzone , in the Val Camonica, from the

to enemy , and hastened the post of danger at Brescia . H ere he received an embassy from the Venetians . A hundred lances

h is were added to command , and he was placed in entire f control o the infantry .

1 was I n the year 43 9 Gattamelata besieged in Brescia .

i I f the garris on was to hold out it w as absolutely necess ary

s to dimini h the number of mouths which had to be fed . The

’ s plain was held by the enemy s troop , and the only escape

s w as through the mountain . Leaving a force of six hundred

n horse and a thousand foot behi d them , Gattamelata and

n i s Colleo pa sed by Santo E usebio , the lake of I dro , and the

e n Val di L e dro into the valley of the Adige . They w re met o

the banks of the Sarca by the troops of Piccinino under the

e command of Ludovico dal Verme , but they succ eded i n

s driving them back , and on the fourth day from leaving Bre cia ,

reached the territory of Verona in safety . Passing into the

L a arnia o f Corvaria Val g they took the towns Borgo, , and

o n Penetre, and especially the town of Torbole , situated the

extremity of - the lake which was sp e cially convenient for

the convoy of provisions to Brescia . That town now began

o f . s seriously to feel the pangs hunger Soldo , the hi torian ,

relates that he s aw a hundred children in the market -place

e o f G o d & crying, Bread , br ad for the love The population ' 1 2 Th e Lif e of Ba r tolom eo Coll eom .

s . th e fed on dogs , horse , and even weeds At the end of siege the thirty thousand inhabitants were reduced to fifteen thousand , and wolves came down into the city itself to seek

s f s their prey . Piccinino was in posses ion o Pe chiera and

Th e the southern shores of Garda . Venetians came to the conclu s ion that the only means o f forcing a pas sage was to

of th e convey a flotilla on to the lake Garda . I n Space of s e s e fifteen day , with the h lp of two thou and ox n and an

s o f s expen e fifteen thou and sequins , they placed upon the lake

-five o s s ix s s twenty b at and galley . The ship were rowed and towed up the Adige and dragge d by main force over the mountain which s eparate s th e vall e y of that river from the

s th e o f e lak e at Torbol e . Spino give credit this bold proj ct

Coll eon i s to , but the Venetian historians as ign it to N iccolo

a w as l Sorbolo , a native of Candi , who certain y the principal

’ S ll n engineer in the Operation . hortly after this Co eo i s c om

s e e s mand was increa ed to thr e hundr d lance , and he was intrusted with the government and the defence of the city of

n ow Verona . Francesco Sforza joined the Venetian army in the

n s t h Ope of o e day ucceeding o the inheritance Of the Visconti .

H e united his troops with thos e of Gattamelata at th e h ead o f

of . n e o ff the lake Garda Picci ino was encamp d not far . The

e allies attacked him at the castle of T nna, completely de G feated him and took onzaga , Cesare Martinengo and

S ac ram oro s s . s Vi conti pri oners Piccinino e caped , carried off

e re in a sack , like a d ad body , by a sturdy German . H e

at h e s u e s appeared Verona , which cceeded i n wr ting from the

o f e Venetians , all but the quarters Cast l Vecchio and San

e s e Felice . Thr e day lat r Sforza and Colle on i s ucceeded in Th e L ife of Ba r tolomeo Coll eon i ; 1 3

n s recoveri g it . Gattamelata became seriou ly ill , and was

e obliged to retire to Padua, where he died thre years later .

I 1 0 n the following year, 44 , Piccinino was sent by the D uke o f M ilan into the Marches and Tuscany . While there he heard of the victory which the Venetian flotilla o n the

of of of lake Garda had gained over that the Duke M ilan .

th e s This led to the raising of iege of Brescia , which

f Colle on i e 1 0 . S orza and enter d in triumph in J une , 44

Coll eoni continued to fight under the orders Of Sforza

h is st s against Piccinino , and a number of most illu rious exploit

h is e . were attributed to chi f I n the battle of Cignano , which

s la ted from morning to evening, Sforza would undoubtedly have been de feated if it had not been for the as s istance Of

lle n i Co o who was summoned from B rescia . Shortly after this when Piccinino cros s ed the Oglio at Ponte Vico into the

of Coll e oni s territory Cremona, occupied the pas age of

Pon to lio was s g , and thu able to defend the whole of the

Bergamasque . Another conflict took place between Romano and Martinengo of which Sforza gave the full credit to

ll n i of w as Co eo . The peace Capriana at last made at the

1 1 was f o f . o close J uly, 44 I t confirmed by the marriage

of Sforza to Bianca M aria the daughter Filippo Visconti , then sixteen years old . Bianca brought with her the city of

of Cremona as a dowry, and the beautiful church San

s two e s Sigi mundo, about miles outsid the wall , was erected in

- 1 46 3 to commemorate the event . The altar piece of the high altar painted by Giulio Campi represents Francesco

Sforza and h is wife being presented to the Virgin by San

Grisante and St . J erome . ’ 1 4 Th e s e of Ba r tolom eo Col l eom .

I n recognition o f these services the Council of Ten at

s rd 1 1 Coll eon i Venice pa sed a decree on April 3 , 44 , declaring

’ ' ' to be o ne of the principal ooh aottzer z of the republic and necessary to their security . They confirmed him in his

s th e fiefs emoluments and inve ted him with of Romano , Covo and Antegnate . Romano is a large town s outh o f Bergamo

o u t of a formed a Roman pr etorian camp . The castle was

Colleon i o f frequently inhabited by , and a large number

of houses Still standing , decorated with the lion Saint Mark ,

oll n i h is were left by C eo to the municipality in will . Covo and Antegnate are villages in the neighbourhood of Romano l both provided with castles . C o l eon i was to have all the pos

o f sessions Counts Pietro and Giovanni di Covo, who had

s rebelled against the state, but on the condition that the e

s s e of lands must fir t come into the po s ssion the Republic .

This condition was fulfilled by the conclu s ion of the peace o f

e which we have already Spok n , and the investiture was

o n th 1 : confirmed by a ducal patent March 4 , 443 This later

’ e Colle o ni s dat corresponds with visit to M ilan , and the step was probably taken with the design of retaining him in the

o f . service the Republic Piccinino , discontented with the

of peace which deprived him his employment, took service

th e es with Pope , and induced his H olin s to deprive Sforza of

- his po s ition as standard bearer of the Church . According to

S an uto o n the historian , a new league was formed October

1 6th 1 2 , 4 4 , between K ing Alfonso , Piccinino , and the Duke

s e of M ilan against the Venetian , the Florentines and Franc sco

Coll eoni of Sforza . marched with a body fifteen hundred lances to fight again s t Piccinino . At this time Gherardo

' 1 6 Th e Lif e of Ba r tolom eo Coll eom . was to S i n igaglia to take a position between the two armies

H i s s of Piccinino and Sforza . in tructions were to stay there

' h e w aS ‘ attac ke d till , and to prevent too serious a conflict

H e s s diffi taking place between them . was succe ful in this

s hi s e e cult ta k , but after r call Sforza def ated N icolo Piccinino

s on at Monte Lamo , and afterwards his F rancesco with

’ great s laughter at Mont Olmo . Piccinino w as so overcome

' h e di ed with grief that at M ilan in the middle of October,

1 444

I h the following year Colleon i was sent to repress some

s a rfi 1 6 disturbance in the territory of Bologna , i in 44 to re cover Cremona for th e D uke . This city had been giv e n to

as w Francesco Sforza a dowry ith his wife Bianca . The Duke ,

e h ad s how ver , declared that it only been intru ted to him for money which had not b e en paid and s hould therefore

Colleo n i revert to his posses s ion . Whilst was engaged in this operation he was sudd e nly s eized and thrown into pris on at

Monza, where he remained for more than a year, till the

s 1 1 . t death of the Duke on Augu t 3 th , 44 7 This ex raordinary

e s tep gave rise to many rumours . Some beli ved that i n the

e Colleon i s e e s he previous y ar, when was oppo d to the V netian , had shown a di sposition to enter into negotiations with them .

Others thought that his impri s onment was due to the jealousy

r C l n i of France sco Piccinino . Anothe report was that ol eo

e th e e o f was taking st ps to become h ad the Guelf party, another that the captured cities paid more honour to Colleo ni

s e the than they did to Filippo, while om attributed it to

. ancient jealousy o f the Colleon i family by the treasonable

t e o f e . & e e e a t s ca p ur Tr zzo by Puho n d not, thi date, look

' Th e i e a r / e m 1 L f of B tolomeo Co l o . 7 for any other reason th a n the wilfuln e ss and tre ach e ry O f the

C lleo n i w as Duke himself. o ordered into the territory of

Piacenza . As he was cro ss ing the Po he was s eize d by N icolo

e e e Guerriero and tak n into the castl of Piac nza . In the mean tim e everything which Colle o n i po ss e s s e d at Adorno had b e e n

w as s e h e removed to Pavia , but hone tly return d to him when was s e t at libe rty . Spino e nables us to quote an interesting

’ ’ th e s C oll n i letter of Duke to eo s tenants at Romano .

“ To o u r beloved commun e and men of Romano the

o f Duke M ilan , Count of Pavia and Anghiari , Lord of

Genoa .

“ o u no t s e Our beloved , that y may be astoni h d , and be

distress e d at anything which h as been done against the

s e e C oll eon i w e per on of the honourabl Bartolom o , advise

o u a e h as e e e y that wh t has been don , not been don b caus we

o f have any intention doing him harm , nor of inflicting any

o n e . e s injury his p rson A ny one who behav ill to him , will

h as e - n e a behave ill to u s . But it be n do th t w e may be

more clear from any troubl e . & e advi s e you and comfort

an d e e s you that you may be of good will Che rful , b cau e a an d in a short time he will be in favour , that in a way to

be e e ou s e gr at r than ever , and y hall be consol d and well

o u e e e conte nt . We comfort y ther for and Charg you to

e Of have good car the land , and to keep it and guard it in

the name Of the s a id Coll eon i . And if you hav e n e e d of

s s s e ask s e w e any a i tance in d fence for it , for it , becau will

e e e e do for the d f nce of that land , what we hav pr viou s ly

don e before the new line of conduct take n by us towards the

s a a e e e s as w e ac t id B rtolom o , and ven bett r till , and toward s

D ’ ' 1 8 T e o a r m e ll m h e L gf f B tolo o Co eo .

G our lands which are mo s t in favour with us . iven at

2 6 Milan , Sept . ,

Whil s t Coll eo n i was in prison the fortune s of th e Duke

n T h e e s went o from bad to wors e . V netian occupied in turn

’

d A dda . e s e Ghiara , Crema, and Lodi Th y pas d the Adda at

th e Casciano , and devastated territory of Pavia, threatening

o f even M ilan its e lf. They then conquered the fortress

Brivio in the Brianza , together with Cassano and Lecco . I n this distress F ilippo did everything to gain Sforza over to

’ s e s his id . Sforza a ked the counsel of Cosimo de Medici as to what course he should pursue . Flore nce w as beginning to be

of s s so jealous the ucce s of the Venetians , that Cosimo

hi s ow n advised Sforza to think Of interests , and if he had no

s h i s s e money to give Pi a to oldiers . J ust at this mom nt

1 1 F ilippo Maria Visconti died , on August 3 th , 44 7 , in his Z i palace at the Porta obb a . H e left no male heir . I mme

“ diately after h is death there w e re cries of Long live libe rty & The people of M ilan establi s hed the Ambros ian

O e . ro Republic . ther cities followed the xample Parma p claimed a republic ; Lodi and Piace nza ass erted their i n

e n e s e . e d pe dence , and joined th m elves to V nice Pavia, wh re

M adonna Tisbe and her daughter were living, surrendered

T h e s e to S forza . new of these ev nts was not long in

. Colle on i s reaching M onza , learning or su pecting what had

e e e . happened , det rmin d to scape H e pretended to be

u s serio sly ill , and a ked for bands Of linen to wrap round

H e e e o n e o f e his body . fast n d end these to a b nch and h h n T e s e . l e t him se lf dow i nto t e ditch . e cap was di s covered

h w a T h e tocs in ra ng ; all t e n e ighbourhood s in arms . I n ' Th e i e o a r m e Coll eoh z 1 L f f B tolo o . 9

s Colleo n i e e th e the confu ion crawl d unperc ived from ditch ,

u and joined tho s e who were calling o t his nam e . I n the

h e s h is e crowd met an Old oldier of , Giorg tto Poma of

s Bergamo , who furni hed him with a horse , upon which he

e e w as e e e fled to Landriano , wh r he r c ived with nthusiasm by

ow n s . H e e e his troop th n betook himself to Pavia, wh re he

his . rejoined wife S forza refused to give up Pavia to M ilan , but neverth e les s the city took him into her service in order

e h is e to continue the war again s t Venic . On sid fought

Colle oni , Francesco and Jacopo Piccinino , and also Carlo

s of h a d e Gonzaga , the Marqui Mantua , who desert d the

e s s e o f h is R public . The fir t t p S forza in new command was to assault Piacenza and take it by s torm . I t w as then giv e n

r up to plunder and ev e ry kind of horror fo fifty days .

e s 5 0 11 of Charles Duke Of Orl an , Valentino Visconti , and

s s e titular lord of A ti , managed to re cu that City after the death

Th e n of of Filippo . ki g of France sent him an army about

s three thou and cavalry and infantry, under the command of

n s s e h e Rinaldo de D u dre s ay . With thi assi tanc attacked the

of s territory Alessandria , captured a number of ca tles , giving no quarter to the enemy . I n th e beginning of October

ll ni s C o eo was sent against him with a thou and horse, and

ll n i A s tore da Faenza with five hundred . C o eo e ngaged with

o f e e them in the territory BOSCO , entir ly d feated them , and took

Dudres n a s h e of y pri oner, whom confined in his castle Romano .

h e e After this exploit attack d the territory of Tortona, and

s . e s reduced it to ubmission H e was n xt ent to attack Lecco ,

s o f th e e s T h e which was in the hand V netian . bridge across the Adda had two s trong towers at each end and ’ 2 l l m 0 Th e Lif e of Ba r tolom eo Co eo .

ll n i e o ne . Co eo in the centre , all strongly garrisoned had tak n

e s s e two of th e tower , and was pr paring to attack the third ,

w as e Atte n dol o when the place relieved by M ich letto , who had

i a e S a n n march e d to ts ass i s tanc e through the v ll y of Marti o .

e e s s e e u s Coll eo n i For som r a on which are imp rf ctly known to , now dete rmin e d to de s ert Sforza a n d to r e turn to th e all egiance

f s e th e e o Venice . Thi happ ned when M ilan se armies were

n h e n o n e 1 t 1 8 . besi gi g Lodi , J u 5 , 44 H e took with him a force o f about fifte en hundred men . The Ve netian army w as n ow

e th e e th e encamp d in plain of B rgamo , under command of

ll n M ichele A tte n dol o . Co eo i rece ived a salary of te n thousand

ss s s n ducats, and was confirmed in the po e ion of Roma o, Covo ,

e n and Ant gnate . M any skirmishes took plac e in the eighbour

of s s hood Caravaggio , which the Venetian were e pecially

s e Th e w s anxious to pre rve . decisive battle a fought o n Sep

1 h Th e e e a th e tember st . V n tians beg n attack when Sforza was

s s s s . s s either at ma s or at breakfa t , u pecting nothing The oldier

e e immediat ly around him were rout d , but fortune soon changed .

H e s ent two thou sand cavalry through a wood to attack the

e w as Venetians in th e re ar . Their d feat immediate and c o m pl ete ; of twelve thousand Venetian cavalry only fifte e n hun

e th e e dred escaped . The t rror of calamity d prived Bres cia

a and Bergamo of all power of resist nce . Sforza ente red Cara va io an d n O li o s gg , crossi g the g found himself ma ter of both

Th e thes e province s . battle of Caravaggio claim e d many

w as e Coll eo n i victim s . N one more lament d by than Anto n i

e azzo , who had grown up with him from a littl boy, and who now h ad command of a hundred lance s . H e sent h is body

o b e e o f e t buri d with all honour in the city Romano . Aft r

' 2 2 Th e Life of Ba r tolom eo Coll eom .

Visconti , who resided at M ilan , where she was respected by th e s e e e e magi trat s and the p opl , n gotiated an alliance bet ween her brother Loui s D uke o f Savoy and the republic

n of M ilan . The K i g of France , Charles V I I . , gave to the f e de s Co m e s o . duke the services of J an p y , lord Torrens H e

o f s ix e — had an army thousand horsem n , two thirds of them

s s o th e s Savoyard , noted for their cruelty that I talian called

a them barbari ns . They invaded the territory of N ovara , and

ll eon i Colleon i was sent again s t th e m . Co was not allowed to

th e e e cross the river Sesia, which formed fronti r b tween M ilan

e . e s s and Pi dmont Aft r a number of kirmi hes , the first serious

e I s t 1 Com e s engagem nt took place on April , 449 , in which p y

s e s and four hundred soldier wer taken pri oners . Three weeks

2 rd s w as o n later , on April 3 , a still more seriou battle fought

e the flat ground betwe n Borgomanero and Carpignano . The Th fight was hotly contes ted . e I talians had their first ex

erience h e o f e p of t archers Picardy , who dismount d from

e es s horseback , tied their animals to tr , fixed pointed takes in

as s the ground so to form a tockade , and fought behind its

e protection . At length the Fr nch , worn out by fatigue and

of by the weight their arms , took refuge in flight ; they were

e pursued fo r two miles and cut to pi ces . A thousand

Ce l en do prisoners were taken , amongst whom were J acopo ,

G s . Coll eo n i Jacopo Aborte , and aspare Vare ino Whilst was

s w as s f engage d in these exploit , Sforza occupied in the iege o

e Vigevano , which submitted to him aft r a long resistance . The

f s s cas tl e o that town , although built in the previou century , till

” s e h bears the in cription Ludovico Sforza Visconti , as he

e l arged it and surrounded it with new galleri s . H e now ' T h e L ife of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom . 23

Colleo n i recalled from N ovara , who returned to him with

was e e e triumphal pomp, and r c iv d with every mark of honour and dis tinction . Sforza pronounced h is prais es in a public

e Colle on i was ass mbly, and able to Obtain for the people of

Vigevano more favourable terms than had b e en accorded to f Piacenza and other similar conques ts . The fame o th e se victories of Colleon i over th e F re nch passed over the Alps

f s o s & I . and reached the ears Charle the Bold and Loui , king

Of France .

After the submission of Vigevano Sforza proceeded , as he said , to cut the green corn in all the territory of the

e Pan i a rda M ilanes . That City charged E nrico g to plead

s e e their cause with Venice . The Venetian began to perc iv

n the error they had committed , and Ope ed negotiations with

’ M ilan without S forza s knowledge . Their Operations were

’ s wh o hastened by Sforza treachery, contrived that the towns of Crema and Lodi should be given up to him o n September

1 1 th . The Council of Ten now informed him that an armis tice had b e en Signed between Venice and the Ambrosian

ll n Republic and Co e o i was summarily recalled .

The pe ace betwe en the two republics w as signed at

o n e 2 th 1 Brescia Septemb r 7 , 449, and communicated to

s Sforza three days later . By its condition he was left with considerable pow e r . H e w as to restore Lodi and surrender

w as as his Claim on M ilan and Como, but he recognized lord of a N ovara , Tortona, Alessandria , Pavia , Piacenza, Parm ,

H e w as e e ss s e s e and Cremona . , how v r, di ati fied with th te rms, and only concluded a d e lusive truc e of twenty days

f r n whil s t h e allow e d the n e gotiation s o peace to drag o . At ’ 2 4 Th e Lif e of Ba r tolom eo Col l eom .

e o f e h e se th e the xpiration the armistic refu d to ratify treaty, upon which th e V e n e tia ns determin e d to give activ e as s i s tance

Th e e -i n - e s to M ilan . command r chi f of their armie was

e s th e s s s h is Sigismundo Malat ta , and mo t di tingui hed of

‘ e ll n i li utenants was Bartolomeo Co eo . They threw two

es ss th e o n e bridg acro Adda, of wood at Brivio , high up in the

n s o n e o f e e . mou tain , and boats at Trezzo , low r down the str am

e e e They th n march d towards M ilan , but th y found the plain so compl e tely occupied by the troops of Sforza that they

ss i ~ Co lleo n i s to could make no progre , who seem have

s s s s e n e s po e d a ki dred g niu to Garibaldi in mountain warfare , determined to reach M ilan by another route . H e ascende d th e s s V al Val San Martino , cros ed over a pa s into the

S ass i n a e s ses s o f th e e e , th n in po ion V n tians , which runs

e e th e e e s from L cco parall l to lak of Como , and d cended it to

e as s th e B llano , which he took from Sforza , well as A so in

u l n i Brianza . Spino tells s th at Co leo now s ucceed e d in ' e e i ff cting a j unction with J acopo Piccin no , and in relieving

th e s e sa M ilan , but be t authoriti s deny this , and y that all

“ s atte mpts to as ist the beleaguered city were in vain . Th e

n th e s town w as e xpe rienci g all horror of famine . The rich

e e e to e e o s e e s s e th e w r comp lled f d on h r s , mul and dog , whil poor w e re s u s ta i n e d by th e roots and h e rbs which gre w upon

s s l a e a th e s s th e ramparts . Thou and y d d in tree t ; thousands more took re fuge in th e country but w e re driv e n back by T h Sforza into th e town . e governm e nt O f M ilan i n d e s pa ir

th e o f a e a a met in church Santa M ari d lla Sc l , and prepare d

s e i th e s th e e to urrend r their city nto hand of V ne tian s .

s e e e e be a n th e s Whil t th y w r d li r ti g , tarving populace ros e

' Th e e a r me ll m 2 Lif of B tolo o Co eo . 5

h o n 2 t . one i n tumult February s The palace was attacked,

of e wing which was occupi d by the government, and the

s o f e other by M aria Vi conti , the widow the last duk .

Ve n ieri e e Leonardo , the V netian ambassador, whil attempting

e e s s to d f nd the palace , was cut down by the insurgent . Thi ended in offe rs of the sovereignty of M ilan to Francesco

wh o n Sforza, made his triumphal entry into the town o

2 th 1 0 . s two M arch 5 , 45 The Ambro ian Republic had lasted

s s . years , even month , and thirteen days

Coll eo n i was I was now recalled , and sent to sola

o n of della Scala in the territory of Verona , the borders

Mantua . H e occupied him s e lf in ere cting a strong fortress o n the Mantuan marshes . The command of the Venetian army was now divided between Sigismundo Malatesta, Gentile e della Lionessa, the broth r Of Gattamelata , and J acopo Picci

Coll eoni nino . was offended at being passed over , and began to think o f deserting the service of the Venetians . They made various efforts to retain him . They sent envoys to

o n rd 1 2 e to . him , April 3 , 45 , b gging him remain They repeated the attempt ten days later, and asked the Pope and the K ing of Aragon to act as mediators . We are told by Spino that the government of Venice ordered his arrest while he was encamped at M ontechiaro , and that he was in f danger o suffering the fate Of Carmagnola . H earing the tramp of e s armed men , he leap d upon a hor e , and rode at full gallop towards Mantua with only three followers . H e was pursued

s h is . by light cavalry soldier , and horse became weary So he exchanged it for a mule belonging to a peasant, which he

e rode without a saddle , and arrived in saf ty at Mantua, where

E ' 2 6 Th e l s e of Bar tolom eo Co l eom . he w as re ceived by the D uke Ludovi co Gonzaga with dis

’ tin uish ed Coll eon i s g honours . troops , amounting to more

'

ea oa l l z e e e . than fifteen hundred , wer captur d in their quart rs

e s e su m H is wife and daught r were mad prisoners , but a was

ss e s S an u to s u s a ign d for their upport . tell that the money which came into the hand s o f the Venetians belonging to

Coll eon i amounted to between e ighty and a hundred thousand

fl r n f u m golden o i s . Out o this a s of two thousand ducats was

’ paid to Gherardo di Martinengo who had married Colleoni s fi daughter Orsina . H is ef of Romano was made over by the

e e s Republic to F rmo Maffei . I t may a ily be supposed that

Ludovico Sforza did not negl e ct an opportunity of securing s o i i mportant an ally as Coll e o n . H e gave him a command of

fi e s e v . e two thousand hors , and hundred infantry H e a sign d

s to him a larger stipend than he had a ked for, and presented

e e him with a rich standard embroid r d with the arms of Sforza ,

f T h e e a s ilver eagle on a shield o gold . tr aty between them provid e d that in th e war against Venice if Bergamo and

Bre scia should be conquered Colle on i was to have o n appro

' riate s o n e an d th at p e tate in of these territories , the first

pri s oners made by the M ilanes e should be given in exchange

for Madonna Tisbe and her daughters .

d e i 1 6 1 2 . s The war was renewed on M ay th , 45 Co imo

Medici and the Fre nch took the sid e of Sforza ; Alfonso of

Naples and th e Duke of M ontfe rrat th e s ide of th e Venetian s .

his S forza assembled troops to the north of Cremona , and

cro s sing the Oglio at Pontevico invaded the territory of

a Bres ci . The strong ca stle Of Pontevico h eld out for two

s Colle n i w as s s o . day , and the skill of con picuou in its capture

' ’ 2 8 Th e L z e a me ll f of B r tolo o Co eom .

s two thousand head of cattle . The Venetian were forced to

s . rai e the siege of Cremona, and to retire upon Brescia

w as The Venetian army encamped near Porzano, in a place so surrounded by marshes , that it was impossible to

s e s escape except by a very narrow pas ag . Sforza was po ted

s w as about four miles off i n a favourable po ition . H e anxious to bring about a decisive engagement . The Venetian com manders , Gentile of Lionessa, and Jacopo Piccinino, declined

s Coll eon i the chall e nge . U pon thi determined to lead an

s s ss . as ault, which was entirely ucce ful The narrow pass

was which formed the only exit bombarded . by two large

n . Coll e on i canno , which took the Venetian columns in flank

s e now took the principal hare in th se Operations . The war passed into the territory of Lodi ; the Venetians cros sed the

o f o f Adda by a bridge boats at the monastery Cereto .

Sforza did his utmost to destroy it by throwing logs o f wood

e i nto the upper river, and l tting them be carried down by the rushing current ; the Venetians opened the bridge in the centre and let the logs pass through . Several other assaults

o n were made, both the bridge and the outworks which de

i t fended , but without success , until Sforza was obliged to

ll n i nvoke the aid of Co eo i . H e succeeded in carrying it and

s s o f destroying the outwork by a manife tation personal bravery, which recalls the prowess of the first Napoleon thre e centuri e s

e s o f and a half later . This happen d at the clo e December,

1 2 . 45 I n the meantime William of Montferrat , in the pay o f K ing Alfonzo of Naples, who was in alliance with the

s e of Venetians , had made a uccessful attack on the t rritory

e h ad n o f es su b Al ssandria, and reduced ma y the castl to ' Th e L tfe of Ba r tolom eo Col l eom . 29

i n ject o . H e then moved on towards Tortona and Pavia .

Sforza sent Coll eo ni to oppose his progress ; he was join e d

Du dres n a h e by Rainald de y , whom had previously taken pri s on e r at the battl e of Bo s co . H e was that time acting

o f o f as governor the city Asti for the K ing of France .

Sforza now received a new ally in the person of René o f

o f s e Anjou , the titular K ing Naple , who had r ceived a large subsidy from the Florentines to take part in the war . H e arrived at Alessandria with thirty -fiv e squadrons o f picked

w t o s s . é cavalry, and thousand foot oldier As Ren was closely

of e e to connected with the house Montferrat, he att mpt d make

Coll eon i e peace between the contending hos ts . susp cting that his object was only to gain time , made a sudden attack on e c a the castle of Borgo San M artino , and succe ded in p

ee turing it . This led to a peace betw n the M arquis of Mont

o f o n ferrat and the Duke Milan , which was finally concluded

1 th 1 . September 5 , 4 5 3

I n the absence o f Colleo n i things had been going better

e for the Venetians in the territory of Bre scia . They succ eded

bu t s in taking the fortress of Manerbio , Gentile di Liones a was

e killed in the assault, and was succeed d in the command of the army by Jacopo Piccinino . The new general , whom

e ot s of Spino calls a fierce and warlik youth , g po session

m of th e s Pontevico , and obtained com and pas age over the

li C ll ni Og o . o eo joined Sforza with his combined forces at

G h de e e . o f A council Of war was h ld , in which the opinion

Colleon i to O lio , first secure the country between the g and

‘ a s e the Adda , prevailed over that of Gonzag , who propo d to march into the Veronese . With the help of the reinforce ' i r me ll 3 0 Th e Lfe of Ba tolo o Co eom .

w as ments Pontevico soon recovered , the French troops exhibiting their accustomed cruelty and inhumanity . All the cas tles in that dis trict except M artinengo and Soncino w e re

s a recovered . The Venetian evacu ted the country , retreating

Coll eoni e towards B rescia , and hasten d to recover his ancient

fiefs by his personal influence . H e soon succeeded in reducing

s Martinengo , Romano , Covo , and Tre corre , under the authority h of . t 1 the Duke Rovato fell on November 7 , 45 3 , Orzi on the 2 2 n d o f the same month . Then Coll eon i turned to the

of of conquest Palazzuolo and I seo , and avoiding the lake

w as e e Iseo , which dominat d by a Ven tian flotilla, he marched

of into the Val Camonica and took Breno , the capital the

h 1 2 t . valley , on February 4 , 4 5 4 Sforza now confirmed

ll ni e of h is Co eo in the fre signory old possessions , Martinengo

of fiefs and Romano , with the addition the important of

o n of U rgnano and Cologno , the other side the Serio . The f Val Camonica was only reduced after repeated ef orts . Start

Colleo n i s ing from Clusone de cended the Val Seriano, which ' A was firm in its allegiance to Venice . t Nembro he defeated

s o f Ludovico Malvezzi , and captured the castle Brivio and

n B aiedo in the Val S ass i a . Bergamo itself remained faithful

Colle oni to Venice , and had too much affection for his ancestral city to take it by storm .

’ N othing is more remarkable in Colleon i s career than the

e Skill with which he adapted hims lf to circumstances . Spino

e tells us that while engaged in the Val S riana, in the depth of

e winter, he conceiv d the idea of sending some of his picked

o f infantry up the side the mountain , where they converted

o large stones into huge snowballs, which they rolled d wn ' 1 Th e s e of Ba r tolom eo Golleow . 3

s of upon the enemy , horse and men enveloped in coats mail ,

e and threw them i nto irremediable confusion . H e attack d

Th e th e . them at same time in front , in flank , and in rear

e s s horses , driv n wild by the ma ses Of now thundering down from an unknown source , fell into the river and were drowned .

o f e s s . Many the enemy were kill d , and the re t taken pri oners

N otwithstanding this apparent devotion to the cause o f

Coll eo n i o f S forza, was evidently preparing for another change

s was e master . H e quit ready to pass over to the Venetians

e . e if he could obtain favourabl terms I nd ed , reading between

o f s w e see the lines the adulation of his biographer , that he kept h is mind steadily fixed on the acquisition of the fiefs with which he had been originally invested , and which he probably

e preferred to hold u nder a r public , than under a master who

N r w as hi s s would be a rival . o it to intere t that Bergamo should pass into the powe r of Sforza . An event had just occurred which produced a profound effect throughout

e Europ . Constantinople was captured by Mahomet I I . on

2 th 1 . C ae May 9 , 4 5 3 The last E mperor onstantine Pal ologus

s had been massacred with forty thou and Christians . Great numbers o f I talian merchants had been deprived o f their

e property and mad prisoners . When this news reached the

of s camp Sforza and Piccinino, they became a hamed of the

e . s V . i ntern cine war that they were waging The Pope , N icola , called on the prince s of Chri s tendom to drop th e ir private

e s s s quarr l , and to turn their arm again t the Turks . We

th e e o f cannot penetrate into secr t diplomacy those days , and we do not know what influence this cri s i s had o n the mind of Colleoni . & e fi nd proofs in the Venetian archives ' 2 Th e i a 3 Lf e of B r tolomeo Coll eom .

as 1 2th 1 that early as October , 45 3 , the Council of Ten had

e Co ll eon i -fi off red twenty ve gold e n ducats . Also in January

of th e pre ceding year they had made arrangements for

s h is e fie fs re toring him to anci nt , and for providing him with

n a fitti n g rece ption in th e city of B e rgamo . Spino i forms u s

s e e s that Madonna Ti b , who r mained with her daughter a

s e e of pri oner in Venice , did her best to influ nc the mind her

s Th e e husband in a imilar direction . knowl dge of this

e of s approaching d fection and of that S igismundo Malate ta , Th made Sforza more anxiou s for peace . e treaty was concluded

’ th 1 d A on . s dda at Lodi April 9 , 45 4 The di trict of Ghiara was

e e e e e mad ov r to Sforza, but he agr ed to r stor to Venice all his

s s th e o f s conque t in territories Bergamo and Bre cia . I n the

e s h e r s meantim M adonna Ti be and daughter came to Romano,

e e e C oll e o n i wher they wer join d by .

The tre asury of the Venetian R e public was in a very

s e w as l exhau t d condition , and unable to fulfi the promises which had been made to the illus trious general . They wrote

Colleo n i th 1 to on N ovember 7 , 45 4 , guaranteeing the liquida

COlle on i e s o tion of th e ir d e bts . r plied on the ame day fr m

s e h is ow n e e Bre cia , in a l tter written in hand, the gr at r part

H e s of which is printed by Bonomi . explain that he is much

o u t o f e e s fo r e . pocket, and bese ch regular paym nt The result o f e was o n 1 o th 1 th se negotiations that M arch , 45 5 , he was

- created Captain Gen e ral of th e Republic ; and o n the St .

’ John s day following was s olemnly pres e nted with the baton

th e s a of command in old square of Brescia , the ame b ton

s 1 1 which had been given in Bre cia to Carmagnola in 43 , and to Gentile d i Lion es s a in 1 4 5 2 . H e was assign e d an annual

’ Th e e o ar me l 3 4 s f B tolo o Co l eom .

s e the Doge and the signory , in the second the nators and

s s other magistrate , in the third the ambassador accredited to

’ oll eo n i w as e e the Republic . C r ceiv d on board the Doge s

h i s s Bucentaur, and seated by ide . The Grand Canal was

iazzetta crowded with spectators . Disembarking at the p f o . e s St M ark , the Doge and his gu t entered the cathedral ,

to e and proceeded the high altar , wher all the treasures of

e s e s s was the chapter were xpo d . M a sung and a sermon

e preached , after which the Dog , taking the staff of office

s Colleon i from the altar pre ented it to with these words ,

B y the authority and desire Of the most excellent city of

e o f e of Venic , ours lves, the Prince , and the Senate , thou

shalt be Command e r and Captain -Gen e ral of all our people

t f on . M oa o and arms land Take this military , in sign thy

s s ou r s power , with good au pice and fortune from hand ;

of let the majesty , the fidelity , and the deliberations this

command be thy care and enterprise , to maintain and defend

with dignity and de corum ; thou shalt come to no definite

th e e e ou r e ro battle with nemy exc pt by ord rs , neither p

v oki ng nor eve n when provoked ; w e give th e e fre e juri s

o f e e diction and authority over each the soldi rs , unl ss it be a

” s e s ll question of high trea on . After th se word Co eoni rece ived the éei toh with reverence and r e tired to the palace

e e pr pared for him , accompani d by the signory and a great

of . e e e part the Senate Ten days w re sp nt in f stivity . Two

e e of solemn tournaments wer h ld , one which was only open to commanders o f at least fifty lances . The prize w as a piece of

five gold brocade worth hundred ducats . The other was

e o f s e . open to everyon , and the prize was a piece carl t cloth ' Th e e a r me l l Lif of B tolo o Co eom . 3 5

w as w o n The first prize by Antonello dalle Corna , and the

’ ’ Co ll eo n i s — a - ll n second by one of men t arm s . Co e o n i s ame w as

e th e G inscrib d among the Venetian nobility in olden Book .

I t happened that the first time he atte ndedthe Gran Consiglio

Colle o n i a meeting was being held and drew the golden ball .

I n virtue of thi s he propos ed N iccolo Malipiero as Podesta o f

w as . e Padua, which accepted with great applause When he l ft

s the city he was accompanied by two senators . All thi hap

Of u n e 1 8 pened in the month J , 4 5 , and which of us who knows

Venice doe s n ot wish that h e h ad b e e n there to s ee the s ight

Colleo n i held the post of Captain - General till his death in

1 . e w as e e 4 75 The rest of his lif passed in comparativ p ace , but he neglecte d no Opportunity of exertion that pres ented

s H e a it elf. did not apparently eng ge in any act of war until

1 6 e h is s s e th e 4 7 , when he gav a si tanc to F lorentine exiles , as

& e o n . e s will be shown later have , howev r, some notice

e . s 2 rd about him in the archives of B rgamo On Augu t 3 ,

1 6 0 s e e 4 , he received permission to con truct a bridg ov r the

’ o f on e so ao s Brembo , and to exact a toll t for passenger on

s on s e . M orn ic o foot , and two for tho e hor back Calcinata, and

Ma s Ghisalba were assigned to him in y of the ame year, in

s payme nt of a debt du e to him by the Republic . Ghi alba

e n th e e was rath r an important place on the right ba k of S rio ,

’ s a Coll eo n i s e was close to the Ba ell , where daughter Med a

1 6 2 e buried . I n 4 the R public made a new agreement with

s flo rin s e e him to pay him sixty thou and in tim of p ace , and a hundre d thou s and in time o f war ; confirming him in pos ses

s of fie fs o f . H e ion the Romano , Cologno , and U rgnano had

at this time in h is pay four thou s and horse and ten thou s and ' a r m 36 Th e s e of B tolo eo Col l eom .

foot soldiers . H e appears from his letters to have spent the

. th 1 6 greater part of his time at Malpaga On J une 9 , 4 5 , the

Venetian senate gave him the power of di spos ing at hi s

death of all the lands , castles , and towns which he held as

fi fs . e They also added the village of Solza to his possessions,

as we have said above .

f 1 6 I We now come to the period of the war o 4 7 . taly

was at thi s time full of Florentine exiles driven out at various

times by the predominant family o f the Medici . The great

o f S oderi n i ness of that house was founded upon the ruin the ,

A i iu li cc a o . the , and the Pitti , who preceded them The

exiles who had been driven o ut by Cosimo in 1 4 34 joined

1 with those who had been expelled by h is son Piero in 466 .

Franc eso so n Gian , of Palla Strozzi , might be considered as A i l f c c aiu o i o . head of the first , A ngelo as leader the second

e F inding it impossible to make t rms with the Medici , they

betook themselves to Venice , where they held frequent

conferences with the Pregadi and with Bartolomeo Colleo ni .

o f The M edici , hearing this , denounced the exiles as rebels

o n and set a price their heads . At the same time they

prepared for war , and strengthened their alliance with the

of s Duke M ilan and the K ing of Naple . The Venetians

e s did not Openly pouse the cause of the exiles , but they gave

Coll eon i s w as permission to to assi t them . Money not want

e ing . The exiles were rich , and the R public was ready to l advance fund s . Besides Co l e o n i they obtained the help

s of Alessandro Sforza , lord of Pe aro, and Constanzo , his

’ s on e d Es te of ; of Ercol , brother Duke Bors o ; of Pino

’ O rdelaffi Fo rll of de degli , lord of ; Marco and Lionello Pii , ' Th e e ar me l l e Lif of B tolo o Co om . 3 7

o f lords of Carpi , of Galeotto Pico , lord Mirandola , making in f o . all an army fifteen thousand men Astorre dei M anfredi ,

of s lord Faenza, had promised to as ist the Medici , but after having received their money he was seduced by the large

f s f f of er o the Venetians . The scene o war was in the

. Colle on i of B a niara Romagna took the castles M ordano , g ,

. 2 n d 1 6 Bubano and Dovadola On October , 4 7 , he was

o f i encamped at Villa Franca in the neighbourhood Forl ,

s s e when amba sador arrived from the E mp ror Frederick I I I . as king for a safe conduct to enable him to proc e ed to Rome

s and to return . Thi document, drawn up with great modesty, i s s of tran sla still pre erved in the archives Bergamo , and a f ’ tion o it i s printed at the end of S pi n o s Life . A battle between the two armies took place at Molinella in the

h 1 o f o n 2 t 6 . territory Bologna J uly 5 , 4 7 , the feast of St

e J ames . The battl lasted sixteen hours during the whole of

’ a long summer s day . I t was indecisive in its results . M ore than three thousand were killed and wound e d . Among the

e e latter was Ercole of E ste , who r mained lame all his lif .

Conspicuous in th e army of Colleon i were his three sons i n- M artinen h i G h e ran do law, all g , , Gasparre , and J acopo .

The war had at pres ent e ffected little results except to lay waste the territories of Bologna, Ravenna and F aenza . Both

s s . s o n side began to wi h for peace Ga parre Vimercate, behalf o f th e of n o n e Duke M ilan , and Gherardo Martine go , b half

Coll eon i e s of , began to treat at the court of Duk Bor o of

Th e w as Ferrara . affair, however, only finally concluded by

. acificati n Pope Paul I I , who proclaimed a general p o o n the d a o f c of the 2 n d 1 6 8 y the Purifi ation Virgin , February , 4 . ' l 3 8 Th e s e of Ba r tolomeo Col eom .

One of the conditions was that Coll eo ni was to become the

n s s general of a holy league agai t the Turk , for which a yearly contribution of a hundred thou s and golden ducats was to be

n f v s . o made by the ariou I talia states Ferdinand , K ing

an d Naples , the D uke of M ilan , the Florentines rejected

s these conditions , and expres ed their opinion that the Pope should rather have punished the adventurer who d es troyed

w as their peace than have reward e d him . The Pope there

s fore obliged to give up thi article , and the peace was h o n 2 t . e . definitely concluded April 5 The lett r of Paul I I ,

“ ” e given under the s al of the fisherman , is printed in the

“ i s s s . s o n appendix to Spino I t addre ed to our beloved ,

’ th e s e strenuou man , Bartolom o de Coglioni , Captai n f h ” General of us and o all I taly against t e Turks . Although the appointment came to nothing Colle on i always regarde d the having received it as o n e o f the palmary honours of his life .

That Ferdinand of Naples was an enemy to Coll e on i was

h i s e sufficient reason why rival , Ren of Anjou , should be his

sen ds l ette rs friend . We find , therefore , that he patent to the

e o f 1 great general dat d from the castle Anjou , May 4th ,

1 6 h is 4 7 , by which he authorizes him and legitimate offspring

s to bear the arm of Anjou , which were the golden lilies of

semees o n e e s ancient France, an azur fi ld , urrounded by a border

s é s s e gules . I n thi instrument Ren tyles him lf by the grace o f o f s on e God , K ing Aragon , Of J eru alem , of Sicily , ither

th e side of the straits of Valencia , of Majorcas , of Sardinia ,

o f o f o f and Corsica , Duke Anjou and Bar, Count Provence ,

F l c al u i ero a n d C ll o f o . o eo ni Avignon ( q ) , of Piedmont also ’ Th e Life of Bar tolomeo Coll eom . 39 received an invitation from th e citizens o f Siena to assist them against th e attacks of J acopo P iccinino . B ut while the

Venetians were d e liberating as to wheth e r they should give him leave the Vienese chos e another commander .

f e n & I . o A few years afterwards , Louis , K ing F rance,

e of h i s Colleon i gaged i n war with the nobl s kingdom , made an

fe s Val er o his e of r through Loui p g , ambassador, to mak him

of h i s e s s captain all armi , offering him a alary Of fifty thousand

s of o f crown . At a later period , by means Alan , cardinal

e e Avignon , he Offer d him the title of Lieutenant and Gov rnor

G e neral with an increas ed s alary o f two hundred thou s and f crowns if he would assist him with a body o a thousand horse .

f ou t of H e did not accept the of er respect to the Venetians ,

s & I f . o for Loui had always been their enemy , and a partizan

. of Sforza Lastly, Charles the Bold Burgundy wrote to him

o n th 1 ss from Bruges J anuary 5 , 4 73 , giving him the permi ion which had never b e e n giv e n be fore to bear the title o f Bur

to of gundy , and quarter the arms Burgundy , which were the

of e lilies France surrounded by a bord r gules and argent , impaled with the ancient shield of Burgundy o f transve rse

1 th stripes , alternately blue and white . O n January 7 this was

’ S i no s followed by an agreement, printed in p Life , by which

Colle o n i is created his captain and lieutenant-general for three years , with a yearly stipend of a hundred and fifty thousand gold ducats , paid monthly . I f Venice should be engaged in war Coll eo n i is to be allowed to proceed to the as sistance

e e e i s s of the R public , oth rwis he to erve the Duke with at

s -at - s least a thou and men arm , and fifteen hundred foot soldiers ,

e arm d in accordance with the good custom of I taly . H e is ' 0 h z 4 Th e Life of Bar tolomeo Coll eo .

e e to exhibit them onc a y ar to the Duke in battle array . H e

a s e t s s is to h ve ab olute control ov r all his roop , aving only the

a s e e dignity and uthority of the Duke . Thi agre m nt did not

' Coll eon i was old lead to any practical result ; indeed , now an

e - e man of sev nty two , and died three years lat r. The fact that thes e exceptional honours were Offere d to Colleon i shows

e that he was more t mpted by them than by money. H e

f B u n always bore the titles o Anj ou and urg dy .

r h is residence Du ing at M alpaga , besides the works of art

be n eficence s o n and , of which we hall speak later , he was accustomed to Surround himself with men of letters and

n Corn az z an o ability, amongst whom was Anto io , who wrote h i s . o f life H e was not given to the study books , but he was

H e to fond of intelligent conversation . is said have taken great pleasure in heari n g the Opinions of - astrologers and

s philosopher ,and discussing points of natural science , although he w as o f opinion that the secrets of nature could never be

c e as ertained with certainty by man , but rested with the supr me

s h is w n Creator of the universe . H e alway held o in these

s — on discus ions , and by his clear sighted judgment threw light i questions which had puzzled more learned brains . H s life

h is of was religious and works good , according to the standard

w s h is s e . a tho times H e simple in the habits Of life , tem

Corn az z ano u s perate in food and insl ee p . tells that he

often accompanied him on a six miles walk for the sake of

exercise, and that he wearied out younger men . H is court

e m was crowd d with pages , who he brought up in strict

principles of morality . H e was especially partial to natives

h e e o f . Piacenza, for whom f lt a particular sympathy H e

' Th e e o a r 1 s f B tolomeo Coll eom . 4

su n a always rose with the , a circumst nce which stood him in

s e hi s n s good t ad in campaig . After a simple dinner he would s pend half an hour in conversation , recounting, with an ex c elle n t e s o f h is memory, the famous xploit youth , talking with

o f e the simplicity his nativ dialect , and yet with a dignity

e s b fitting his age . Some of his repartee are reported .

e S im on eta s e When C cco , ecr tary Of Francesco Sforza, came to Romano to p e rs uade Coll eo n i to return to the s ervice o f e h e e e the Duk , r plied that he would rath r be free .

“ Upon which S im o n eta said Sforza would observe : & o u

are a brav e man but you c an e as ily be conqu e red by a few

“ ” &o u s thousand ducats . may tell the Duke , an wered

“ Coll eo n i e h e , that to his Sham and reproach has allowed

‘ s e n o t b fe w him lf to be conquered y a thousand , but by a

‘ s i ngl e D u c at O nce when a certain prince ex

’ presse d wond e r that a man of C o lleon i s mature years should

se e e th e o f allow him lf to be ov rcom by love women , he

“ answered : I am much more surprised that SO young a man

s so of h e hould be overcome by hatred women , that could

not e ven suffe r h is mother to live . Coll eo n i was a man of

e e s e h e h is r markabl tr ngth and vigour, which retained till

e e ou s d ath . Wh n a y ng man in the ervice of Braccio he could

o f h is outrun the swiftest his infantry, clad in coat of mail .

H is s w as e h is tature lofty and rect , and figure well formed ,

H i w s e . s a and well proportion d complexion rather dark , but

e . e full of lif H e had black eyes , bright , pen trating, and terrible .

H is e e se e s e count nance r pre nted a nobl manline s, combin d with

o n e h is kindlin e ss and wi s dom . The fault biographer admits w as e th e s e x e c s s h i s s e a w akness for fair , which he x u e by de ir '

42 Th e L tfe of Ba r tolom eo Coll eom .

e e to leave male descendants . H is wif , Tisb Martinengo , bore

o ne e him only daughter , Cat rina , whom he married to Gasparre

M artinengo .

’ The great event of Co ll eon i s later years was the visit

L o f which Christian , K ing Denmark , Sweden and Norway ,

1 of paid him in 4 74 , which a full account will be given in the

explanation o f the pictures which accompany this book . H e

s o f hi s suffered a evere blow in the death youngest daughter ,

1 0 s M edea, in 4 7 , to whom he erected an exqui ite marble

is monument in the little church of the Basella , which now ‘

s ll n i tran ferred to the Co eo chapel at Bergamo .

o n rd 1 H e died Friday, N ovember 3 , 4 7 5 , in his castle of

-fiv e Malpaga , at the age of seventy . The night following

th e o n his corpse was borne to city , placed a richly

th e of adorned catafalque before altar Santa Maria Maggiore ,

s e and expo ed for three days to public vi w , surrounded by

burning torches . H is funeral took place o n the 4th of

January following . I t is said that the soldiers of h is band

were ke pt together fo r fourteen y ears after his death by the

f h is authority o name alone .

T H E N N E CTI ON O F CO L L E N I & I T H A RT CO O .

The life o f Coll eo n i which we have narrated is that of an

' ’ — th e ooral ottzer z s honourable man the last of , but al o the best ,

o n e to who did not seek make himself a prince or duke , but

who sought a comparative ly modest patrimony as a reward for

s s his labours , and tudied to surround him elf with the grateful

s h is be ne fice n ce T h e s participant of and good fortun e . clo er

e xamination of h is life will show that he is more intimately ' Th a me ll eom e Lif e of B r tolo o Co . 43 connected with the art of his time than we should ha ve

h i s a imagined upon a cas ual observation . One of princip l acts ' l a o o l o of benevolence was the foundation of a g p , a Charitable

s e s c o n in titution in B rgamo , which till exists in a flourishing dition , and serves to endear his name to his townspeople . I n

1 46 5 he presented a large amount of property to found an

s e institution for giving portion to marriageabl girls , with the

“ idea of securing public morality by promoting marriages ,

s which are the basi of the family , the family being the stable

w as foundation of society . This confirmed and enlarged by a solemn donation of many mortgages and other property for

' f h e P eta o t z . the purposes , as it was called The institution

s was to be managed by five per ons . Every year the income was to be distributed i n giving dowries to damsels w h o were

s to e to . desirou marry , and to two who wish d enter convents

There was a strong prohibition against using the mon e y in

e T o th e s th e f C oll ni any oth r way . ladie of H ouse o eo were to be assigned a dowry of a hundre d and fifty imperial pounds ; to tho s e o f the ancient and original families of the

s of city, a hundred pound ; and to those the territory Of Ber

n ot gamo , forty pounds , supposing that they could provide

e e sufficient dowry for themselves . I f th r were not a suffici e nt

of s o f number eligible girl in the territory Bergamo , the privi

was e to e lege to be extend d that of Br scia . The donation was confirmed by the Pope and by the Signory of Venice .

of Colleon i oh ' The will Bartolomeo , executed October

2 th 1 e h i s 7 , 4 7 5 , a week befor death , with a codicil dated a few

s e . s s s days later, is a mo t r markable document I n it he di po e of all his numerous possessions in the te rritories of Bergamo ' Th e i e a r me C l l eohz 44 Lf of B tolo o o .

as and Brescia , and in almost every case he imposes a condi

- tion a rent charge of a certain amount, to be paid yearly to

' l h is the Fi el d . H e eav es all property in the city Of Bergamo

s s to to the institution , and with thi the house in which he u ed

’ f s live i n the neighbourhood o Sant Agata . Thi is to be the

' '

of s D om as P zetatzs . seat the in titution , and is to be entitled

I s o r e . t is never to be old , or let, mortgaged for any oth r use ' P n t zeta o . U nfortunately , the has observed this condition

s s Some time at the beginning Of thi century it sold the hou e , and purchased o n e of larger size in the lower part of the

s is e e s l town . The original hou e , how v r, til standing, and the visitor will have little difficulty in bringing it back in imagina

is tion to its pri s tine condition . I t approached from the street

s s f through a narrow pa age covered with an arbour o vines .

’ ’ s s ( tom as zetatzs th e The door bear the in cription , fi , and over

s n - door is the window of a mall Sitti g room . The ground

s of s e floor con ists two large room , the outer being a r ception

- . e room , and the inner a dining room They have be n

s - s covered with coar e wall papers , the frescoe have been

removed and sold , but they have now been restored by

s f c an the effort o Signor Bonomi , and to some extent be

i s e e . deciph r d I n the outer room , which lighted by two win

e is dows looking out into a gard n , there a noble fres co o f

ll n i on o f b e h Co eo horseback , a Copy which will found in t e

- is present work . The dining room approached through double

s s e e h as on o n doors . The little pa age b tween th m e side a

s on small kitchen for warming di hes , and the other a wine

s o f cellar, both u eful for the purposes the apartment . The

- - e e dining room is about thirty six feet by eight en , and is vault d . ' Th m e L ife of Ba r tolomeo Col l eo . 45

The door stands at the south s ide . On the west side there is

- s a hand s ome fire place between two windows . T he ubject Of

of the pictures i s mainly religiou s . I n the centre the ceiling i s God the Father in the act of blessing . I n the spring of the arches are the heads of nin e apostles in lunettes . I n other places are the heads of various members of th e Colle on i

— h i s s s-i n - family his daughters and on law , the Counts Marti

so nengo . The pictures on the walls are , far as they can be

ws as o n e s is made out, as follo on the left of the door , enter ,

e s the figure of a femal with a dog, pos ibly Madonna Tisbe ,

’ ll n i s Co e o wife ; on the right is the A nnunciation . Then fol low along the eas t wall th e cardinal virtue s — Prudence with

s three heads , Fortitude with a word and crown , Temperance

— fl k s th e as . with a wine , and J u tice with the roll of law The

o n e figures the north wall should be Faith , H op , and Charity ,

is s the three theological virtues . Charity fir t represented

wo e e e with t children ; th n , in the c ntr , the Virgin in Glory ,

’ e e th e th i rd which may r pr sent Faith ; picture , which should

H o e e o u t re res e n t . s o n p p , cannot be mad Other space the walls are occupied by the variou s armorial bearings o f th e

Colleo ni l o f fami y , which it may be well to give here some

s e Co ll e n i account . The original hi ld of the o fa mily is canting heraldry— party per fess gul e s and arge nt thre e coglioni ( o r

o n e cuori hearts , as they are called ) , arranged two and ,

e s s counterchang d . For thi Bartolomeo ubstituted arge nt

’ u s two s s two bends g les is uing from lion head or , s ome

es w . e times with , sometim ithout the coglioni Wh n Colle o n i re cei ved from the D ukes of Anjou a n d Burgu n dy the privi

e e of s s ow n l g u ing their arm , he bore them in chief with his , ' 6 Th e L a r l l e m 4 tfe of B tolom eo Co o .

e é of fle u rs-de -l is the Anjou arms being azure s m e or, and the

s of Burgundy arm the same , with the addition of the old arms

e s H e Burgundy, or three b ndlet azure . apparently omitted the di stingui s hing borders which ought prop e rly to form part f o these arms . Besides this he bore in different ways the

cognizance of the different powers whom he had serve d — the

’ ’ hz f Vi s seza o con tis o f s . the ,the eagle the Sforza , the lion of St

h e s e s t . Mark , and the k y of the Papacy , mounted St Ambro e

f n e e d of the Archbishopric o M ila . Furth r he inv nte a banner

h is of is for special use , which the following account given by

s s w as e for Spino . H e ay that it probably mad expressly the

’ e of th e o f S i n o s xpedition Duke Burgundy, and hung in p

’ time at the right hand o f Co ll eo n i s s epulchre in h is chape l at

“ i n Bergamo . A man armed from head to foot nobly the

n o n h is as ancient ma ner, has helmet a crest the figure of a

Th e his of . lion rampant, with legs raised in front him armed

are s man , with both his hands , which clad in gauntlet , holds

by the back hair , and forcibly draws towards him , a most

’

. s s s beautiful lady s head She, urrounded by ray , with wing

of — if full eyes , rises breast high out of a Cloud one may call a

of cloud what is a bundle ribbons , indented like leaves, of

f e h e r . s di f rent colours , waving round heart The tandard

s s o n e in e e above and below has two un , ach corner, which shin

e T h e s half covered by the same nvelope . warrior tands on a

a - flowery me dow , surrounded by thirteen lion heads , without

h e s . t n tongues , turned towards him All re t of the sta dard is

of covered by rays and flakes gold , which sparkle from the

o f th e shining h e ad o f th e lady . Some rays pierce that

s e Cloudy envelope . Spino decline to xplain the device, but

' 8 r m l 4 Th e Lif e of Ba tolo eo Co l eom .

s s h e th e e e di trict , found that Old canal d rived from the S rio was i n sufficient he there fore improved it an d gave it the nam e

' C ll n e 1 e o f o eo esc a . of H e th n , in 4 7 3 , mad a new canal

e s s s s aw - s large dim n ions , furni hed with mill , mill and wine

e of h is e - presses , which , in m mory n wly won honours , he

e s he e called Borgogna . B fore thi had nlarged the Roggia

o n th e a o f th e e M ontana right b nk S rio , which was in its turn

ll n H e s n called the Co eo esca . al o had designs for drawi g a

th e e Ch erio canal from Br mbo , and another from the , but he

was not able to put his plans into execution .

& e n ow p as s to the mor e dire ct connection of Coll eon i

o f with the art of h is time . On the right bank the Serio ju s t

s e th e are s oppo it to Malpaga , battlements of which vi ibl e

o f e e from the tower the church , li s the littl sanctuary of th e

e s s o f B as lla , con i ting now a very pretty church and a pars on

e e e s age house and farm , with a negl ct d but pictur que garden .

s o f e is n The hi tory the plac interes ti g . On the night o f

th 1 6 s th e April 7 , 3 5 , a heavy hoar fro t covered plains of

e s . Bergamo , doing a great d al of harm to the crop On the

. a of following morning M rina, daughter Pietro Leone , of

n - ee Borgo di U rgna o , an ill educated girl of fift n , went into

’ o n e h e r e s s i w as s n of fath r field wh ch ow with flax . Seeing

e s s h e s that it was entir ly de troyed , bur t into tears and

“ e o u t s ? lamentations , and cri d , What is thi , oh , Virgin Mary

e s h e s e n o f Aft r this pas d to a other piece land , not far Off, to

e s e e gath r traw , and here ther app ared to her a very be autiful

s s lady in a brilliant dre , with a little child holding her hand .

sh e saw sh e to When the lady began pray . The lady said ,

Do not fear ; why do you we e p and l ame nt and Marina

Th e L e a r m e Coll e n i i of B tolo o o . 49

s s ee h ow s an wered , Do you not much harm and de truction

“ e s o e o f this frost has don , that the poor will hav to die

? e hunger The Virgin comfort d M arina, saying that the

e year would be mor than usually abundant . Marina then

s h e r s h e was e & ou se e a ked who , and she r plied , will me i n

“ th e s ame place within nine days , and then I will explain to

ou I y who I am , with other matters which now refrain

” from telling you . On the ninth day following Marina

s returned alone to the same place , and the ame lady appeared

“ to her in the same dress . She said , Thou hast done well .

“ & o u to must promise keep yourself a virgin . The girl

“ s . s he e promi ed Then said , K now that in this plac there is a church dedicated to me which has long been buried under

ground . Tell the men of U rgnano to dig here and they will

” “ find it . Marina said , They will not believe me . Then

“ the lady placed three stones in order , and said , U nder these

“ is stones they will fi nd the altar, and when the church

re built tell them to procure a pries t who has never yet said

s l e t e m s e mas , and him celebrate h re his first a s , and very

fortnight let a mas s b e c e lebrated for the soul s of the dead

” e who are here buri e d . A good d al more was said which we need not rep e at . The altar and the foundations of the ancient Church were found as the Virgin had des crib e d . A new church was built and greatly frequented . Fourteen

r w as s miracles were perform e d the e . The church vi ited with

B rn ab great pomp by a o and by Gian Galeazzo Visconti .

B arn abo presented to the church a cros s with some of

of e th e holy thorns . Galeazzo gave a number valuabl H offe rings and was cure d of his gout . e probably built

H ' 5 0 Th e L ife of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom .

s e s s of s e the par onag , the tower , and ome portion the pre nt

church .

Colleo n i fre quently pass ed by thi s s anctuary on his way

H e th e to Cologno and U rgnano . enlarged building , and

placed in this conv e nt Dominican fathers from the monastery

s of San Stefano in Bergamo . After thi commencement he

h is s e continued favour , and a year before his death procur d

the s e paration of the convent from the monas tery Of San

. e th e Stefano H e l ngthened church , and placed a rose

e th e - window in the facad , adorning church with terra cotta

ornaments . H ere also he buried his beloved daughter M edea , who died at a tender age . H e confided the execution of her b e autiful monument to the famous sculptor an d architect

w s a . Amidei , who then engaged upon the lectern of Pavia

1 8 2 The tomb was sold by the proprietor in 4 , and removed

th e Coll eo n i e s s to chapel at Bergamo , wh re it till remain .

’ Colleo ni s th e to th e M artin e n h i A fter death Basella passed g ,

e who continued th ir protection to it .

The s te am tramway which pas s e s Clos e to Malpaga firs t

s e n e b reache Martin go , and th n Romano , oth intimately f l as sociated with the nam e o Col e o n i . Oppos ite the western

s th e gate of Martinengo , at a little di tance in fields , stands th e s w as e s e Franci can convent, which only lic n d by Pope h us . e t e e 8 Sixt I V and dedicat d to I ncoronata on Sept mber i th ,

’ Colleo n i 1 s e s e . w as 4 7 5 , a hort tim before d ath I t formed

out of a re fuge for pilgrims which he had begun to build as early as 1 4 70 . I n the Cloister o f the Church of the

o n i s e re re I ncoronata , in a room the ground floor, a fr sco p

s n s . a s n s enti g Chri t upon the Cross , with St Fr nci on o e ide ' Th e e o a r me ll e 1 Lif f B tolo o Co om . 5

Co lleo n and i o n th e other. The great Captain i s kn e eling

e - re d h is with bare h ad , and holds his well known cap in hand .

I t is suppo sed by some to be the bes t existing portrait of

Colleo n i s as e , repre enting him being advanced in y ars . A

is copy of it will be found in the present work . Below an inscription commemorating th e foundation of the monastery

' b Colleon i as o f y , as well that Santa Chiara in the town of

e o f Martinengo its lf, in answer to the pious wishes Madonna

. s s et Tisbe The inscription close thu , Obiit autem Nobilis

dic u s B ar l m 1 N emb ri . su ra t to o aeu s o v s e t Ill p , 4 7 5 , die 3 ideo die illo Fratres et moniales an n u atim pro anima ej u s

” celebrant o ffic iu m n e i ng ratitu din is vitium i n c u rrant . There

Co lleon i is also in the fields a country church founded by , i n order that the labourers might have th e opportunity of

s s s . attending acred mini tration I n Romano , which may be

as o f s Colleo n i regarded the capital this rural di trict , restored

th e e the church , increased the stipend of pri st , and in return

th e e th e ben efice received alt rnate presentation to , which remains with his heirs to th e present day . H e also provid e d for the maintenance of a chaplain in the Church of San

G iovanni at Malpaga .

of of The history the castle Malpaga, which contains the

e of s e s fresco s , copies which are is u d with thi book by the

e Arundel Society, is imperfectly known . I t cam into the pos s o f 1 0 ession the Venetian Republic in the year 4 5 , but we have

n no i formation either as to when it was built, or to whom it

w as s e Co ll eo n i previou s ly belonged . I t purcha d by in the

e e year 1 4 5 6 for a hundred ducats of gold . H e r c ived it in

s . I t absolute property, free from all taxes and juri diction ' 2 Th e e r ll 5 s of Ba tolomeo Co eom .

his was with Romano favourite place of residence . I t is situated a little distance from the high road , about seven

on n of . miles from Bergamo, the ba ks the Serio I t was

Coll eoni s enlarged and remodelled by , and still retain the form which he gave to it , except that the roof of the court

e s yard has been seriously curtail d , thu destroying the great

e e e Coll eo ni fresco attributed to Giorgion , which r pres nted

o n e of receiving the baton o f commande r from the Pope . I t is the most perfe ct and interesting specimens o f the fe udal cas tle o f n so the latter half Of the fiftee th century , built not much for purposes of war as for tho s e o f re side nce and o f the chase .

th e - n s The dining room , which contains well k own frescoe ,

on th e was is the ground floor , but whole castle apparently

of s e e full imilar d corations, which are now covered by whit

s are wa h , while the walls and floors encumbered with I ndian

is corn , silkworms , and other agricultural lumber. This

e e Colle o n i particularly notic able in the b droom , in which

h is h e . made will , and in which died I t is a pity that the

s Conte Roncalli , the pre ent possessor , does not at least clean o u t the building from these unsightly and ruinou s e u cum b ran c es . I t is quite possible that treasure s of mediaeval art

may be concealed in it . The walls are battlemented , and in that wide plain are conspicuou s fo r a long di s tance . The little tower is surmount e d by a bell which announced th e coming l ’ e C ol eo ni s . guest , and which toll d for death ' ll n We have already mentioned Co eo ni s fu eral . The orde r Of the proces s ion which accompani e d it is still preserved .

e I t Opened with a long row of cl rgy, regular and secular, the

s s e th e s s th e Di cipline , the S rvi , Carmini , the Franci can ,

' Th e i e o a r m e l l e h z 5 4 L f f B tolo o Co o .

Th e s G Paiello funeral ermon was preached by uglielmo ,

s a mo t eloquent historian , and was printed in Latin at h on 2 8 t 1 6 . Vicenza J anuary , 4 7 H e made touching allusions

s s - th e to the trailing tandard , the sorrowful war horse , weeping

s th e e s family, and e pecially faithful Don Abbondio , now d erted

’ Do n f C lleo n i by his master . Abbondio o Como was o s

e Corn az z an o a s e int ndant , and is described by being the chi f

h is s s s h e s s depositary of secret . The clo ing day of winter ay

H e s th e will not permit him to be long . pa sed lightly over

’ Colleo n i s e s events of early life , which seem to have b en matter o f e s g neral notoriety, with copious reference to Scripture . H e

s s h is s a n d de cribe him in youth as hand ome , strong, temperate .

H e attributes to him the chief glory of the capture of Bres cia

a e e - at the g Of tw nty six . H e compares him to H annibal in the manner in which he crossed the Alps and launched his “ f galleys o n the lake o f Garda . H e was by far the first o

“ e o n s warriors ither horse or foot , he was the fir t to enter

s . N o battle , the la t to leave it general was more completely

truste d by h is soldiers . H e was the only leader found

s s worthy to conduct the campaign again t the Turk . H e

s th e s records his impri onment at M onza, invitation addressed

s s to him by numerous king and potentate , and the strong desire of Charl e s the Bold o f Burgundy to adopt him as

e h is maste r in the art of war . H e comm morates service s to

to s s o f art and religion , in re toring or founding the castle

th e Malpaga and Romano , churches of the Basella , of Mar

Co lleo n i tin e n o . g , of St Peter , of Romano , and the Chapel

s s th e e a at Padua . H e then pa se to foundation of the Pi t ,

a eet a a /e oea /os s s e 7 , he proceed , Bartholomeu a Col o ’ Th e s e of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom . 5 5

ac et a a a I taliae j Patri e Pater, Patri e Splendor, Patri e Salus ,

Paci s auctor e t conservator : animu s ill e impe riosu s qui vix

s ambitu oterat lectu l o orbi capi p , brevissimo clausus est ; Silet

a s arm ato s dim icand u m illa lingua , qu e totie phalanges ad

exh ortata es t s s e erc i t e e di s , totie victi p p , toti s pac m inter

side ntes Princ i atus co m osu it e s rae lio s p p , toti frementi p pauci

c um c opiis majores hostiles turmas sapientia e t magnani

mitate superavit ; j acet B arto l o m eu s ante o c u l os e xangu is ” et c on civium aut militu m querelas audire non pote s t . The oration then passes to long pan egyric s of Bergamo replete

s s with hi s toric lore . A fter ome further allusions to the event

’ Colleo ni s e ad of life and his happy and peaceful d ath , he

s i n s e s th e s : i cco lo dre ses him per on , and enumerat mourner N

h is son — i n - e Coreggio , law , Gerardo Martin ngo , Gasparre ,

f s a o . the ame family, and Bernardo L drone Let them take example by the life and by the death of the great Captain , who fe eling his end approaching confessed h is s ins and re

e ived th e e c Sacrament , then signed his will , keeping an ven

e e e x s s mind in the chill and f v r of hau ting ague , and at la t

h is s e h i s called friend around him , and l aning upon elbow , made them a dying s peech .

Colleoni o f , by the codicil his will , left to the Venetian

u of Rep blic a hundred thousand ducats gold , for the purpose o f conducting the war against the Turks he al s o remitted all the arrears of pay which they owed him . H e furth e r gave them th e ten thou sand ducats o f gold which w e re du e to him

s f e self from the Marqui o F rrara . I n the fourth section of th e codicil Co lleon i most devoutly reque sts the most illustrious s e nate of Ve n ic e to deign to hav e mad e a sta tu e of him se lf ' r 5 6 Th e Life of Ba tolom eo Col l eom .

s e . on a bronze hor e , and to plac it in the square of St M ark ,

Th e s o f in perpetual memory o f the testator . fir t care the Venetian signory was to receive the legacies given to the

Republ ic: by nominating thre e P r om/{sor t in Malpaga to asce r

‘ ' a ; : ll o n i t in and to s e nd to Venic e th e money belonging to Co e .

& T he Council Of Tte nd etermined that the hundred thou s and

’ ' d ucatS co uld -ri ot bem u sed for any other purpose exce pt the

“ T urkish war; a n d sh oul drb eSent z toVe nice in three batches at

’ - ’ hr e d dn r al T h e m C lle ni s t e ays te v . oney found in o o different

s s d t of so p alaces far urpas e the amoun the legacies , that by

ove mber f2: th 1 th e ks af e N 5 , 4 75 , re wee t r his death , two hun

' ' ‘ ' a dred a nd s ixteen thOu san d du Cats - . had entered into the

‘ ” ‘ i ff s . Of the : s Th ese rw ei e e i n an i ron co er State plac d chest , to

’ e k in a cr s e wh e re th e b ep t se et and cure place treasure of St .

& ? Mark was stored Of t hese ducats a . h un dred an d n inety ' ‘ ' ‘ ' ~ & . ; th o usand . were to be reserved for . the war against the T urks

' ‘ ' o r s oth e r reat n c o f w S tate th e O e t wen t i x ome g e essity ; th r, v

f : ‘ Z‘ s thousand were to be kept o r the payment o f legacies. Thi

’ ‘ ‘ money was despatch ed i n con s igned to the head

’ ’ & ' of the Council p f Ten; contai n i ng about ten thou s and ducats

’ ' f ‘ i e i n t e g o ins o f t v ri o us — ach, h a mints Venice , H ungary , Flo

’ J e o Of a n d Oth ers . r nce , Alf nso Naples;

Notwiths tanding th e generous manner i n which Colleon i had the Re tibl i c its of treated p , and appropriation ninety

t a i . housand duc ts wh ch did not belong to it , and which ought

’ '

‘ have o n e to th e Pie tao f th e to g v Bergamo , signory behaved

“ ‘ ' z f himi n Oth e r w a s . of badly to y The lands Romano , Marti

’ n en o COlO no M o rnico Pal usco g w g , Calcinata, Ghisalba , , and h a d ee ss e Co lleo n i s a s i e s e ds as fre e b n a ign d to , fir t l f , aft rwar

' Th e a m ll m Life of B r tolo eo Co eo . 5 7

s and absolute dominions , with power to dispo e of them either

o r . in his lifetime , by his last will This latter power he had

‘ o n o f made use Of. But the pretence the exigencies and the

o f security the State the Republic , by a decree of December,

1 4 7 5 , determined that these fortified territories should return to the dominion of th e Pope . H is heirs were left only with

Cav erna o g and Malpaga , the canals of irrigation , and those lands which were the private property Of Colleo n i i n the terri

of s s fo r tory Brescia . Th is was a manife t inj u tice, these domains had been given to Colleoni in payment of money

an d con fis legally due to him, they ought not to have been

cated a . without proper compens tion Venice did , however, show a sense of gratitude by erecting a statue to the great com

th e . mander, not, indeed , in square of St M ark , for no statue

e b e e s of was allow d to rected there , but in the quare San

- f . o . Giovanni e Paolo , close by the Guild house St Mark The wax model o f the horse and the rider was completed by Ver

an d rocchio, the master of Leonardo da Vinci , the casting was

“ don e by Leopardi . I t bears the inscription B ARTH OLOMEO

” COL LEON O B ERG OM EN SI OB I I T I P I U PT I GESTUM , , M L ARE M ER M O ME ,

is s . and , perhap , the most enduring monument of his fame

K T H E V 1 SI T O F K 1 NG CH Ri STI AN I . OF DE N MAR TO

T L L E N I T BAR OLOMEO CO O A MALPAGA .

I t only remains for us to give an account o f the visit of

Colleo n i Christian , K ing of Denmark , to , at Malpaga, which is the immediate subject of the frescoes which accompany this

I e o f s . work . Chri tian , Duk Schleswig and H olstein , Count ' 8 T i a l m 5 h e Lf e of B r tolomeo Co l eo . o f of Oldenburg and Delmenhorst , K ing Denmark , Sweden , 6 . w as 1 2 and N orway, was a remarkable man H e born in 4 , and was therefore at the time of his vi s it to Colleon i forty 1 of eight years of age ; H e di e d in 1 48 . H e was son Count

e s I . D ietrich , of Oldenburg, and H iling, si ter of Adolf V I I ,

f s e Duke o Schleswig and Count of H ol t in . H e succeeded to

of 1 8 of the throne Denmark in 44 , marrying the widow the

s 1 0 former K ing Chri tof. I n 4 5 he was recognized as K ing

ss . of Norway, which was then indi olubly bound to Denmark

H e received the crown of Sweden by the defeat of Karl

s 1 . 1 K nud on in 4 5 7 O n the death of his uncle Adolf in 45 9 ,

e he laid claim to the provinces of Schl swig and H olstein ,

and i n M arch he concluded the celebrated H andfeste , a

s compact by which the two province were never to be divided ,

which became of great importance four centuries later . H e

th e s 1 6 s lost Swedi h crown in 4 7 , which pa sed first to Karl

e u H is K nudson and th n to Sten St re . daughter, Margaret ,

of 1 6 8 married J ames , K ing Scotland , in 4 , and brought with

her as a dowry the Orkney and Shetland I slands .

’ A n account of K ing Chris tian s famous pilgrimage to

1 e Rome in 4 7 4 , has been transcrib d from a H olstein chronicle

f ld h is s I H vit e . by in historical account of Chri tian , printed

e e 1 . s at Cop nhag n in 5 99 The narrative , obviou ly written by

e e - e s s o an y witn s , is naive and picturesque that it has been

th e of thought worth while to give whole it in this place .

th e 1 o f I n year 4 74 , K ing Christian went to Rome, his

se of . great piety , pilgrimwi , to visit the church St Peter and

was s . St . Paul as the custom in those day

b e e e o ff And that it may known how such journ y w nt ,

' h e e a r m ll m T s (f B tolo eo Co eo .

s marchers, who were mo t noxious to all their neighbours

round about and would submit to none , and he desired

o f him the E mperor , his imperial authority , to give unto

this same people inasmuch as it was n o t good that this

s e people should live without court or prince, and he de ir d moreover that his imperial majesty would graciously make

o f s S torm arch a duchy the three lands , H ol tein , , and

Ditm arch .

“ e The E mperor mad no difficulty about it , gave him

Ditmarch fief of e in , made the three counti s a duchy , and

is invested the K ing with it as proved by the golden bull ,

and other duly s ealed electoral letters of endowment which

were given to him .

' Feb rII ar 2 th s O n y 4 , K ing Christian came to I nn bruck ,

whi ther D uke Sigismund of Austria sent his consort, the

’ e Scotch king s daught r , to meet him with three gilded

s carriages , filled with dames and damsel , and five dames and

damsels on horseback . A nd he himself came to meet him

with 300 horses . “ And he let three pair of them run tilts before him on the

turf before he led him to his inn .

“ s The Duke howed him great honour , and the K ing

s s stayed with him three day and three night .

1 1 th On March , the K ing came to Brixia, and there met “ G him there the Venetian overnor with much people , both

on horse and on foot, and they led him into a palace in the

town with great pomp .

O n March i 2th the K ing came to M al apago in Venetian

e o u t hi t rritory , and the Lord of H oya came to meet m with ' l m 6 1 Th e s e of B a r tolomeo Co l eo .

”

00 . 5 horses , and led him into his castle The next day he

gave the K ing an escort to the bounds of his domains with

- of loud war cries H oya , H oya

“ 1 to T arv isi um March 3 th the K ing came , where he

D G al eatz o o f entered the territory of uke M ilan , who sent

00 dren s o n to meet him at his boundaries , 5 g foot clad in

o n e white , each of whom had a little banner in his hand

’ upon a pole , and on one side was painted the K ing s

’ s escutcheon , and on the other Side the Duke , they were to

- e s receive the K ing with all pomp and loud war cri . F irst

‘ ’ s they all cried Chri tiano , Christiano de Dania , and then l ’ ’ G a eatz o G al eatz o of . , , and last all Duca, Duca So they

o ne kept on crying after the other, till they came to

the town .

h i s And the Duke sent to meet him far beyond borders ,

h is e brother and his senat , and much people on horse and

s of u s e foot . La t all the D ke him lf met him with much

people , knights , and squires ; the common people came

o u t running of M ilan , and would see the K ing while he was

s o f yet a good five miles off, and stood on both side the way . o s o o n e along which the K ing r de , that saw nothing but

o u t h as e o f people, and they all cried , as before b en said

d n the re gs .

When he came to the town all the clergy were in proc es

th e s sion at gates , with mighty fine Chants, and all the bell

of th e s were ringing, and the people city stood at their door

s dressed most gorgeously . All the street through which the

K ing must ride were overhung with the arms of the King and an a an the Duke , d were draped bove and below, d ' 6 2 Th e i e ar m e o L f of B tolo o Coll e m .

s S O bestrewn with may and weet herbs . magnificently

was the K ing received by the Duke . The Duke gave the K ing ducats and two mules

o f with gilded saddles , together with many pieces gold and

s silken stuffs . And the Duke cau ed to be borne before him

e s h is s e s the k y of all castle and towns whith r oever he came ,

s and paid all his tavern expense . A nd he went with him by

s hip to Pavia, and there he gave the K ing a necklace with a

sapphire as good as ducats .

two They lay that night at Pavia, and the K ing dubbed

’ of the Duke s lords knigh ts .

Thence the Duke made his people conv e y him by ship

s of Ve dian o r Vittelian a to the marqui ate M antua, , ; but the

hors es went overland .

All thi s honour and large s se the Duke dis played to the

e nd h is e K ing, to the that he might on return journ y recon

s cile him with the Emperor , in who e disfavour he was , which

thing also happened .

2oth V e dian M arch the K ing came to , thither the Mar

quis Louis o f Mantua sent h is son and h is senate with many

horsemen to meet him, and welcomed him honourably ,

e Vedian th e The n xt day the K ing rode from , when Marquis

e e came to the boundary to m t him with his consort Barbara ,

’ o f e of s own s the daughter Qu en Dorothy Denmark si ter ,

and with much people , and received him right bravely .

s w And he stayed with the M arqui t o nights .

April 3 rd the K ing rode to Aqu ape n dent ; thither sent

two Pope Sixtus I V . cardinals to meet him , who received

e to e him ther , and escorted him Rome . There the Pop ' Th e e ar me ol l om 6 Lif of B tolo o C e . 3

s sent to meet the K ing all the cardinal , bishops , and pre

s s s lates who were at Rome, be ide the enate , the nobility,

s and the common folk , both on hor e and foot . “ They brought the K ing through Rome to the Pope ’ s

h e e e s palace , where r c ived him and his lord honourably , and

e th e gav his hand to the K ing , and princes and prelates who h s s is . s were with him , and let them ki foot Thi took place

s h 6 t . on the Wedne day before Easter, which was the April

’ s The K ing tayed at the Pope s palace , with twenty

- e . persons and twenty horses , for tw nty one days And the rest of his people remained at the inn s in the town .

When the Pope p e rceived that the K ing knew no Latin he was much amaz e d that s uch a goodly lord had not studied .

s On M aundy Thur day the Pope, in honour of his royal

h is e e e e guest , gave b n diction to all who w r personally pre

e e e of s s nt, as well as indulg nce , r mission all their ins, and release from torments and purgatory .

“ On Easter Day the Pope with his o w n hand adm i n is ~ tered s e the blessed acram nt to the K ing and his suite .

' ’ On Monday the Pope placed in the Ki ng s h an d the

’

e . e hallowed and consecrated ros for St P ter s M onastery , and he carried it Openly through the city of the Romans to the palace of the Cardinal ad vincula Petri , who had begged

b e the K ing to his guest, and all the cardinals, bishops ,

. prelates , and the whole , Court followed him on horse and foot

— The Pope gave the K ing great gifts to wit, a beautiful

s o f girdle , ho e , and bonnet of cloth gold ; a mule with a

e 00 gilded saddl ; a gold stick, as good as 7 ducats , some ' 6 Th e 4 Life of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom .

s s o f th e gold crosse , and an agnu dei a piece the wood of

s s s holy cros , and manifold relics , indulgence , con ecrated

s e e neckerchiefs , handkerchief , and privil ges and conc ssions

which he had demanded .

e e e The Pop also held the K ing fr , both within and

s o s . beyond Rome , far as his territorie extended

T h e K ing brought with him to Rom e thre e sorts Of gifts

h is — c o d from realm to wit, dried herring, dried , and ermine ,

whereof h e besee mingly di s tributed to th e Pope and the

cardinals .

Cardinal Francis of Mantua sent to th e K ing three

e s two e s . mul , each with golden panni r and its own muleteer

e s s s was W dne day after M i ericordia Domini , which April

2 th 7 , the K ing left Rome again , and the Pope sent two

cardinals to es cort him over the border .

rd e M ay 3 the K ing cam to Florence , where he dubbed

two Florentines knights .

“ ’ 6 th e M ay he came to Bononia , wher , in the K ing s

. Rei n sb e r e r honour, Mag H erman g in the cathedral in the

’ s s s daytime , and Mag . J ohan H e en at the K ing inn in the

’ s e s e evening, at the K ing r que t , w re advanced to the degree

o f e Doctores , by the four chi f doctors in the U niversity there .

th May 9 he rode to M antua , where he rested six nights .

The Marqui s paid the K ing great honour . I n particular he

held a tournament in his presence , which lasted two days ,

1 e 00 s . whereat many w re thrown , and over pears broken

e Th e K ing there knighted two noblem n , and gave the

Marquis the Order o f the Elephant .

2 rd Lac u s C u man u s e M ay 3 he came to , wher the Duke ' Th e s e ofB a r tolom eo Coll eom . 65

of M ilan made ready Ship s to convey the K ing acros s th e

is e Lake of Como , which twelv miles long, and half a mile

broad .

u The K ing in partic lar had a beautiful ship , with a brave

and lofty tent therein .

“ With the K ing. were four singers and other musicians and

s of provi ions no lack .

“ There were twelve other ships with soldiers therein , as

’ th e - s also D uke s major domo, with ong and music and great

pomp .

“ The soldiers escorting the K ing sailed in front and

as s hi s behind as well on both ides of ships , and made great

- s pastime with their war crie . “ A nd from many places along the lake came dames and

’ e h is dams ls who boarded the K ing s ship , sang songs in

honour , and presented him with wheat bread and wine.

“ e rd th e s J un 3 K ing came to Aug burg, where were the

e s Emp ror with the Elector and many other princes , who

’ e e s wer th re for the K ing s ake and for divers other reasons,

requesting various things , among whom were many princes

s desiring his coun el and good offices, wherefore also the

e papal legate had com thither, there the K ing remained

with them s e v e n and ten days .

“ At that time there was a quarrel between Archbishop

e th e Rup rt of Cologne and Chapter of the same city, for which reason the Bishop had sought the protection of

of e Duke Charles Burgundy , who was g tting together great

armaments with th e intent of besieging and sacking the town of N us which belonged to the Chapter .

K ' 66 Th e Life of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom .

To prevent this the E mperor and the Electors , with the

’ e e statel l e ation royal and the papal legat , s nt a y g to Duke

Charles , and diligently urged him to forbear from his intent

and l e t the matter be amicably arranged .

s s of H enry, Bi hop of M un ter, and Administrator Bremen ,

h e had at that time , in violation of the compact had made

th e set o u t with K ing before he for Rome , attacked his

For brother, Count Gert of Oldenburg . which cause the

K ing complained to the E mperor and the Electors , who

wrote to the Bishop , that he should recall his troops from

Oldenburg (failing which he should lose his fief) and abide by the compact he had made with the K ing until he came

back again . “ The K ing composed the difference between the E mperor f o . and the Duke M ilan , as he had promised

“ i s t J uly , the K ing travelled with Margrave Albert from

o n rd u oldsbac h Augsburg and came J uly 3 to Q , where the

K ing remained with the M argrave seventeen nights . The

Margrave showed him great honour with tourneys , dancing,

singing, games and the chase .

“ There the K ing recei ved tidings that Bishop H enry

’ of M unster , in obedience to the Emperor s mandate, had

withdrawn his men from Oldenburg .

2 8 th s Aug . he came to Brun wick , and found there those

whom he had sent from Augsburg to the Duke of Burgundy .

They told him that he had besieged N us .

’ e s The K ing also r conciled Duke William sons , William

“ s o f s and Frederick , Duke Brun wick , with Duke Magnus of

e s w h o e Meckl nburg , and with the Diocese of H ilde heim , w re

' ' 68 Th e L zf e of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom .

“ Po Vedi an the river as far as , now called Viadana in the

6th territory of Guastalla . H e reached Rome on April and d 2 th . r left it on April 7 H e came to Florence on M ay 3 ,

s s s 6 th . and to Bologna , having cro ed the Apennine on May

th On M ay 9 he rode to M antua , rather more , one would think ,

’ ix s s . than a day s journey , and stayed there night The

’ of s n o t M archioness Mantua was Chri tian s sister, his niece , and i s rightly s o called in th e German version of the chronicle .

s h e i 8th We may pre ume that left it on May i 7th or , and

s reached the lake of Como on May 2 3 rd . Thi would allow

’ s s time for a few day vi it to M alpaga , which is scarcely more

’

s n o n . than a days ride from Lecco , pas i g Solza the way I f this second visit took place it is a pity that no account of it

e s has been preserved by the Chronicl r . I t will be seen al o

“ that Spino e s pecially mentions that this vis it was paid in

' th e su m m er s eas on and th e re would be a great difference

i n the climate of Bergamo in the second week of March and

the third week of May .

Spino gives the following account of the vis it of K ing Chri s tian to Malpaga Christian , K ing of Dacia, returning from his

s ee Colleon i pilgrimage to Rome wished to , and to visit him

at Malpaga before he departed from I taly . Bartolomeo re

ce i ved s s him there with great and sumptuou preparation ,

e s and entertained him with banqu t , in tournaments , in hunts ,

s n and other royal ports , that great Ki g marvelling, that in

an almost s olitary s pot there should be so much magnifice n ce

and splendour and a plentiful s upply Of all the choicest

things . But what appe are d to Chri s tian th e most nove l and

mo s t d e lightful spe ctacle w as th e gre e ting which Barto '

Th e s e of Ba r tolom eo Coll eom . 69

m I to of lo eo gave him . n order leave the whole his castle

fo r s e at liberty the K ing and his uite , it was v ry numerous

w as s s (and it i n the summer ea on) , and to present at the same time th e foreign king a specimen O f the arm s and mili

s o f I e s tary di cipline taly, he form d at a little di tance from

th e Malpaga , in a plain by side of the road by which the

th e o f K ing travelled , appearance a real encampment with

th e tents , ditches , and stockades. When K ing approached ,

e o n Bartolomeo came to me t him , mounted a large courser,

w as Coll e on i thoroughly equipped for war, as himself, fully

e e s n armed like a general exc pt his head , two squir followi g

h is e him , who carried helmet and lanc , and at a short interval his whole band of s i x hundred horse s in battle array with his condottieri and captains of squadrons , all in the flower o f e e th ir age , and most nobly arm d and mounted , with

s as w as e banner flying to the bray of trumpets , if he r ally

e s leading them to battl , a ight truly proud and marvellous .

s h is re Christian had among t followers a Dacian , a man of

s e . markable and mon trous siz Few there were who dared ,

wh o e e s none was there was able to ov rcome hi m in wr tling .

The K ing took pleas ure in exhibiting by him the ferocity

h i . s s . O n e and robu tness of nation day , when the K ing and

s Bartolomeo were pre ent , this man had played with and conquered several opponents who had come to th e unequal

e trial of strength with more courag than judgment . When

n ow o u t everyone declined the conflict, it came to pass that

e th e s s e at sid circle , among t tho e who wer looking the Sport

o f was a mountaineer our country, who on that day brought

- charcoal for the court . H e was a young man five and ' '

7 0 Th e L zf e of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom .

t twen y years old , with a body very solid and squarely made . H e Observed that although the Dacian had the advantage

e t h e s in size and bodily strength , y was wanting in ma tery

and dexterity in the Sport . N ot being able to suffer that a

barbarian should vaunt himself with s o much contempt for

‘ s his own countrymen , he aid to himself, if he had to do

’ with me perhaps he would not conquer me . This was

s e Colleo ni heard by omeone who r ported it to Bartolomeo ,

who then called him aside , examined him from head to foot ,

s and judged him capable of doing what he promi ed . H e

had him stripped , cleaned up , and clothed nobly in military

’ ‘ s dress . Go with courage , he said , and if you bear your elf

’ valiantly these clothes Shall be yours . The charcoal

burner descended into the lists and engaged with the

s Dacian . H e parried for ome time his extraordinary

s s strength with kilful feint , and suddenly seizing a good

Opportunity he curve d his head and his back and rushed at

s s his adver ary . H e then eized him under the haunches ,

lifted him up and s et him on the ground with his head down

and his feet in the air to the joyful shouting and applau s e o f

all the bystanders . They laughed with s till greater merri ment when Bartolomeo caused his dirty clothes to be

o f returned to the champion , who made a bundle them , and

threw them round h is n e ck and went off as if h e were carry

ing a noble trophy of his victory . Bartolomeo gave to the

o f s o f K ing at his departure one his uits armour, a fine

’ e and precious work , and he gav to all the K ing s servants

” s w as h is new garment of red and white which livery .

The picture s which accompany this volume give a repre ' 1 Th e Life of Ba r tolomeo Coll eom . 7 se ntation o f e e s this m morabl vi it, and they may be considered

as , to a great extent , historically accurate, and certainly as representing the costumes o f the time when they were painted . The first of the series is that which is called The Arrival

se e of K ing Christian at M alpaga . We the drawbridge of the castle much as it exists at the present day ; over the

Coll eo ni e doorway are the arms Of , and b neath them the

o f lions of Denmark . Round the castle are the tents which

. Colleon i Spino speaks , clad i n coat of mail , with a rich

hi s ca surcoat charged with own bearings , wearing a p on his

f e o . head instead a helmet , receiv s the K ing of Denmark

’ o f -at- Colleoni s Close by are a body men arms , a troop of ,

h - n with two banners bearing is well k own devices . I t is impossible to identify the various figures , but we may suppose

’ that the horseman with th e plumed cap i n Colleo n i s colours

o f a s was one his princip l Condottieri , or perhap a M artinengo ,

s -i n - on e of his ons law . Behind him a mailed figure riding a

e of prancing ste d bears aloft the banner Denmark , and the

e figure still further to the left , mounted on a whit horse with

s o f h is a fur coat over his uit mail , and a staff in hand , may

’ h e be t D uke of Lauenburg, who was Christian s principal

o n companion on his pilgrimage . The little boy a white

’ charger to the right of the picture is probably one of Colleon i s

e s grandchildren . The whol cene is full of vigour and

sa animation . I t is impossible to y in what order the events

’ s connected with King Christian stay at Malpaga took place .

th e o f . We will , however , next describe scene the tournament

T h e lis ts a re Obvious ly arranged just outs id e the cas tl e of ' 2 T i ll rzz 7 h e Lf e of Ba r tolomeo Co eo .

e i s s M alpaga . Ther a vie w of B e rgamo in the di s tance ea ily recognizable by anyon e who knows it in its present condition .

The lists are composed of two narrow gangways parallel to

so each other , divided by a strong barrier of planks , that the contending knights might reach each other with their spears

th e s es without hor colliding . The hills in the distance are

s s to still apparently covered with snow . I t is impo ible say who all the people represented are . The two knights

ll n i charging in the lists both bear the Co eo badge . At the

o f i s side the lists a small tribune for the judges , five in

o n number ; from this tribune , suspended a pole, hangs a

s e e th e o f s hand ome pi ce of gold brocad , customary prize tho e T h days . e K ing of Denmark surveys th e Scene from a ' l o za C h s s oll eo n i s e i . gg at the back , ated by ide The ladies

th e . occupy one half of tribune , and the men the other

‘ in ciden t i s se Another repre nted by the H unt, a chromo lithograph of which has b e en publis hed by th e Society . I t

e o n s e th e o r tak s place the bank of a river , eith r Serio the

Ch erio e d . , or p rhaps the A da , in the neighbourhood of Solza

Th e various forms o f the Chase a re represented at th e same tim e . A littl e dog is s tarting some wild fowl to be pursued by

e s h is s . a hawk , which a mount d attendant hold on wri t I n the

S ky a hawk is s een striking its prey . I n one part of the

th e e s meadow d er hounds have run down a tag, which men

a s are preparing to de s p tch with their pears . I n another part

’ greyhounds are cours ing a hare . Two s quires in Co lleon i s livery hold a greyhound in slip . K ing Chri s ti a n is repre

e e r o n sent d as a nobl figure iding a black horse , he has a

h is - s . grey beard , and looks older than forty eight year

' Th e e a r me Col l eom s of B tolo o . 73 H e justifies the expression used towards him by Pope i . r careret S ixtus I V , Pulchra bestia si on loquela , referring

C ll n to his ignorance of the Latin language . o eo i rides by his

’ side . I t may be mentioned that in thi s picture Co lleo n i s

- o ne s attendants wear a parti coloured uniform , half of the dres

being striped with blue and white . This may have reference

s Coll eon i to the arm of Burgundy , which was entitled to

assume by Special license . The Burgundy colours are , how

ever, blue and gold .

e e A nother interesting sc ne is the banquet , held in the v ry

room in which these frescoes are now extant . The K ing sits

o f t alone at the head the able , the other guests being placed

Co lle oni - with himself, below the triangular salt cellar . By his

- s Side stands the grey bearded seneschal , who e name we know

— d e i O uaren h i— Alberto g with a napkin over his Shoulder,

Colleon i is e rofil e — a carving a bird . repr sented in p striking

s . Coll eo ni s likene s The lady Opposite , dressed in the colour ,

f i n i o . d is one his daughters , married to a M artinengo The g

fied is figure in the plumed hat , perhaps , the Duke of Lauen

’

. s o n n f burg The little boy eated his mother s knee is o e . o '

C olleo n i s a . gr ndchildren Behind , three men are blowing shawms, and one a bagpipe ; this is probably to announce the

o f is e arrival a new course , which b ing brought in by liveried

s servants , preceded by the butler with a staff. The wall are f w e o . covered with tapestry , in alternate strip s blue and hite

Three bottles of wine in picturesque decanters s tand before the K ing .

Another scene represents the distribution of liv e ri e s to the

’ s s e K ing attendants , as de crib d by Spino . This took place in ' m 74 Th e s e of Bar tolomeo Col l eo .

of th e the courtyard the castle , probably on the morning of

’ ll n i K ing s departure . Co eo is seated by a table on which the

s is e e n on e liveries are di played , and r pres nted as givi g to

e a man who is taking off h is hat in acknowledgm nt . At the other end o f the picture the liveries are being packed up in

o f e n i s readiness for the journey . The K ing D mark not pre

’ I t w as Coll eo ni s sent . a lucky circumstance that own colours

f — e c on were the same as those o Denmark red and whit . A

’ i is s p c u ou s figure in the central group the K ing s trumpeter .

is s s h is s From his trumpet , which u pended over Shoulder , hangs th e blazon of th e Danish arm s . The floor is compos e d

re d s s . of brick , as is cu tomary in I talian hou es Two stair

u cases lead p from the courtyard , and could doubtless be identified at the present day .

The last picture of the series is the Departure of K ing

- - Christian from Malpaga . A noble company of men at arms in full martial equipment rides along the hollow road . The

’ m e O f K ing s tru peter , with the thr e lions Denmark , is a con s ic uou s on p obj ect , a white horse . Behind him two of Col

’ leoni s trumpeters are sounding a fanfare ; we know the name

f — o one of them Lorenzo della Scarperia . K ing Christian and his host ride side by Side . A Dane in fur mantle and cap i s - t crossing the drawbridge , while another company of men a arms is waiting to close th e procession .

Another picture , representing the wrestling match between

e the Danish giant and the Bergamasque charcoal burn r, decorates the walls of the banqueting hall at Malpaga ; but it

e is s o much defac d that it could not be copied .

s s s The e picture , whatever may be their arti tic merit, are

I N D E & .

B B ON DI O, DON Aborte (Jac opo ) Ac c i aiuoli (Angel o) Acc iaiuoli family Adda Adige Adolf VIII Adorno

n r n of non Ala , Ca di al Avig Albert (Margrave) Alessan dria on so n Alf , Ki g

of A ragon .

Alfon zo of Naples . coi n o f Alps Ambrosian Republic Amidei Anghiari Anj ou arms D uke of

of. n René Re é . An tegnate Antoniazzo

Ap en ni nes Aquapendente Aquila A ragon Ki ng o f 8 In 7 dex .

Arcelli (Filippo ) A sso Asti Atten do l o (Mi c h eletto) Atten dol o (Sfo rza) Au gsb urg Augusti n ians Austria Aversa Avign o n

B agn iara Bagpipes

B aiedo

' B a ndzera

B ar

Barbara Marc h esa of Man tua B arbavara (Franc esc o) of N ovara Barbaro ssa

r n o er c o Count Ba bia (Alb i da) ,

S ee n en . Ba rby . Milli g

se 2 Ba lla 35 > 4 , 5 4 B ellano 2 4 B ell s 6 1 B ene di c tine nuns 4 7 B enzon e (Giorgi o) 4

er mo 2 8 1 0 1 1 1 2 g , 3 , 4 , , , , 3 , 1 1 , 4 4 , B a 3 3 5 3 7 3 ; 4

8 2 68 4 7 , 4 : 5 : 5 5 » Colleoni Chap el tomb 4 6 5 6 44 5 o 46

I O

I 6 6 7 » , 3 7 1 4 3 2 8

1 1

Marti no 2 9 4 9

8 0 In d ex .

PAG E Carpignano 2 2 Casc ian o Ca ssa n o 1 8 Caval cabo (Ugo) Caval c abo (Ugo li no) h is son

Cel en do (Jac op o) 2 2 C el esti n es 5 3 Ceret o 28 Cha n t s 6 1

of r n c . Charl es VII . F a e 2 2

of n ou A j S: 9 ' th e B old of B urgun dy

Ch erio 1 0 2 8 , 3 , 4 Chignolo 3

r s n n of en m r we en an d orw 2 8 -66 68 2- Ch i tia L , Ki g D a k , S d , N ay 4 , 5 , , 7 3

r s o n o f en m r 8 Ch i t f, Ki g D a k 5 Cigna no I 3 Clergy 6 1 Cl uson e 3 0

o on e o on . See un er oll ni C gli (C gli i) d C eo . l i ee o leon . C o l eo . S C

Coll eon esca

Col l eoni m of , fa ily bi rthplac e sustai n th e Guelf cause o rigin of th e name geneal ogy t urned out of Trezzo th ei r c oat-of-arm s property Torre dei Coll eon i chap el at B ergamo Coll eon i (Alb erigo) Coll eo ni (An ton io)

ol leo n i r o o m eo r ce C (Ba t l ) , bi thpla his fath er h is moth er

on th e mur er o f h is er es re u e i n th e moun ns o f d fath , tak f g tai B ergamo j oi ns h is moth er at S olza In de x . 8 1

Coll eoni th ro wn i n to p ri son ed uc ate d as a page at Napl es improbabl e story of his servi c e i n Fi an c e

h is e en h im f badg giv by Q ueen J oa nna II . o Naples gai ns di sti nc ti o n takes servi c e und er Ca rmagnola ’ Spi no s bi ography of him at Cremon a en ters th e servic e of Ven i c e at L ecc o “ on th e Field of F ear defen ds B ergamo resi sts Pic c i n i n o roun d Veron a feats wron gly attribu ted to h im m ad e G ov ern or of Veron a en ters B resc ia ( 1 4 40 ) i n th e battl e of Cign ano

’ eoaztottzere -of th e Rep ublic l eaves i ts servi c e vi sits Milan ( 1 443) at Crem ona ( 1 446) thrown i n t o p ri son letter c on c ern i n g him from th e D uk e of Milan ( 1 446) esc ap es from M on za sen t agai n st th e D uk e of Orlean s deserts Sforza for Ven ic e ( 1 4 48) a ssi sts Sforza agai nst Milan red uc es Parma

defeats th e troop s of Charl es VII . rec all e d from N ovara sen t again st Sforza like Garibaldi recall ed deserts th e Ven etians receive d by D uk e Lu dovi c o G on zaga sec ure d by Lu dovi c o Sforza as an ally c aptures P on tevi c o attac ks B resc ia sen t again st & illiam de M on tferrat

M ’ 8 2 In o ex .

Coll eon i c aptures B orgo San Martin o rec o vers hi s p ossessio ns h is strat egi c al skill le tter to th e Ven etian Republi c ( 1 4 5 4) c reat ed Captain -Gen eral summ on ed to Ven i c e festivities th ere c on sulted by th e Floren ti ne exil es in th e war i n th e Romagn a to h im th e l etter of P op e Pau l II . o in vited by th e Sien ese to resi st Pi c c i n i n

offer from Lou is &I . quarters th e arm s of B urgun dy hi s cou rt h is habit an d app earan ce f enm r vi sit of Ch ri stian I . o D a k death ( 1 4 7 5 ) h e con dotti eri th e last an d b est of t c haritable ac t s h is c oat -of-arms h is t omb f Trescerre rest ores th e bath s o i mproves i rrigati on h i s work at th e Basella portrait of h im work at Ro mano

purc hase of Malpaga . h is fun eral h is will statue to h im ’ m of enm r s s to h i Ch ri stian I . D a k vi it c all e d Co l eo (Carpigliata) (Cateri na) (Dondacc io) (Gal eazzo) (Gh i salberto) (Gi ovan ni) (G isilbert) (G nardi n o) (G ugli elmo)

8 ’ 4 In o ex .

D omi n i c a ns

oro ueen of en m r D thy, Q D a k D o vado la Drengs D udresnay (Ri n aldo de)

e n Or er of th e El pha t , d Este ( B orc o du ke ’ ( Erc ol e d )

u ene . o e E g IV , P p

Fa en za 3 7 (A store da) I 9

er n n n of es 8 F di a d, ki g Napl 3 Ferrara 3 7 t reaty of 8 Marqu i s o f 5 5 Sec o n d p eac e of 9

e Of e r th e 1 0 Fi ld F a , Fl orenc e c oi n of 5 6

ex es rom 6 il f 3 5 , 3 Fol c aquiero 3 8 Fon tan ella 8

or 6 F li 3 , 3 7 Fo sc ari 3 2

r n c e 2 6 F a 9, . 3 9 army of Fra nc i s (Cardi n al) o f Ma n tu a 64

r nc s t F a i (S . ) 5 0 Fran c i sc a ns

Fre d eri c k II . 3

Fred eric k I I I .

rescoes o F s , 5 7 9

Gae ta

e o u e o f n Gal azz , D k Mila ’ In a ex .

Ga rda Garibaldi

S ee no . Gattam elata . Stepha da NARNI Gattamelata Gen oa Gen oese fleet

Gh ede

’ Ghiara d Adda Ghibelli nes Ghi salba Gi orgi o n e

o en th e G ld Ball, Gold en B ook

on r o r u s of n u G zaga (Ca l ) , Ma q i Ma t a

on a r n c esc o or o f n u G z ga ( F a ) , l d Ma t a Gon zaga (Gian Fra nc esc o) Gon zaga ( Lud ovic o ) G orzone G ua stalla Guelfs Guerriero (Ni c ol o) Gun s

Han n ibal

H eiffen steen o u s o un o f (L i , C t ) H eilin g

n H enry VI . of E glan d H eraldry H eralds H essen (J oh n ) Hildesh eim H ol stei n

o or of H ya, L d

un r c o n of H ga y , i

H vi tfeld ’ 8 6 n o I ex .

I sola I so la della S cala

mes n of c o n Ja , ki g S tla d J erusalem

o n n . ueen of es J a a II , q Napl

o n n of rre J h , ki g Nava

K nudson (Karl)

K oya . S ee H oya .

Lad ron e (B ern ardo) Lambro Lan d rian o

ue n ur . ee La b g S Saxo n y . La uenbu rg (th e d uke of) 7 3 Lec c o

e ro Valdi 1 1 L d , Leo n e (Ma ri n a) 4 8 -9 (Pi etro ) 4 8 Leopardi 5 7 Li o nessa (Gen tile d ella) Lodi Lo mbard l eag ue Lombardy 1 2 Lorrai ne 5

ou s u e of o 2 2 L i , D k Sav y

n Lou i s III . o f A j ou 5

f r n c Lou i s & I . o F a e Lugo (M oc en igo da) Lup o ( Dio tesal vi)

Maffei (Fermo)

Mah om et II . Maj orc as l See . M a apago . Malpaga M alateste (Pan do lfo ) Malatesta (Sigi smundo) Malgh era

’ 88 In o e x .

M oli n e lla

’ M on t Ulm o M o n techiaro M on t e Lam o

on err uke of M tf at , D M on tic elli M o n tone M on za M ordano

M ornic o

un s er enr s o of M t (H y, Bi h p ) M uratori

Naples

es n of ? Napl , Ki g

o n Nap l eo I . Narn i (Stefan o da) Navarre Navigli o Gran de N embro

c o s V . o e Ni la , P p N orway No vara

N us

Oglio Olden burg Old en b urg (C ou n t Gert of)

‘ O rdelaffi ( Pi n o degli) Lord of Forli O rd er o f th e Ele phan t Ork ney I slan ds

Or e ns u e of S ee . sc on . l a , D k C Vi ti

Padua Pai ello (Guglielmo) Palaeolog us (C onstan ti n e) Palazzuo lo Palosco

Pal usc o

Pan i garda (E nri c o) ’ I a x n e .

P AG E

4 6 5 7

1 8 ,

9

1 1

3 6 6

1 2

2 ° 3 , 4

Pic ardy arch ers 2 2

c c n 1 I Pi i ino 9, 47 6, 3 9

Pic c i n i no (Franc . )

co o 1 4 2 (Ja b ) 9 42 5 7 (Nic c ol o) 1 6

h is son 1 6

c o eo o or o f r n o Pi (Gal tt ) , l d Mi a d la 3 7 Pi edmo nt

Fiel d, th e Pii ( Marc o and Li o n ell o l ords of Carpi Pi sa 1 8 Pi stols I S Pitti

’ P o I I ) 7 , 4 7 P oma (Gi orgetto) I 9 P on tevic i no 3 0 P on te Vi c o I S

on c o 2 6 P tevi , P on tida

P onto lio 1 0 I Z g , S, 7 Po rc elli P orta Zobbia P orzano ’ 0 I o 9 n ex .

Q uarenghi (Alberto dei) Q uold sbac h

R agazzo Rav enn a Rei n feld

e ns er or R ei nsber er erm n R i b g, g (H a )

R én é oun of ro ence an d u e of n ou , C t P v D k A j

en é of n ou u r n of es R A j , tit la Ki g Napl Rivalta Rivola Roggia M ontana R oggia Seriola Romagn a Roman engo Roman i no

om no 1 1 1 1 2 0 2 1 2 1 R a 3 , 4 , 7 , 9, , , 3 , 3 5 , 4 , Rom e

S ee c etc . Papa y , onc on e R alli, C t ose Th e R , R oth en burg Ro vato Rusc a (Franchi n o)

Saigui ni (Ricardona Valvasori dei)

San eon r o r rs of L a d , f ia San Martin o San r o r rs of Spi it , f ia Sanc kensted (H enry) Sa nto Eusebio

Sanuto

Sarc a Sardi nia Savo y xon o n u e o f an d uen ur Sa y (J h , D k ) La b g Scarperia (Lorenzo della) Sc hl eswig Sc o tlan d Segeb erg

’ 2 In 9 a ex .

Tresc erre

Tresc erre San e no , St fa

ee r o . Trevi . S T evigli Treviglio Trevi so for Treviglio Trezz o

ee r o . Trivigli . S T evigli

T rusan do ou n 1 0 1 6 2 (C t) , , 4 ' Turk s Tusc an y 1 3

m Th e U iliati ,

r n U ba V . U rbi n o (C oun t An ton io Urgnano

Vagerl and Val Camo n ic a Val di Ledro Val Lagarn ia

P elli n a

San Martin o

Sassi na Serian o Valenc ia Straits

o s ouse of Val i , H Val pergo (Loui s) Varesi no (Gaspare)

V i S ee n . ed an . Viada a

n c e 8 1 0 1 1 6 1 8 2 1 2 2 2 2 6 2 Ve i 7 , , 9, , 3 , , , , 3, 4 , 5 , , 7 ,

arms of 46

o unc of Ten 8 1 2 2 6 C il , 4, 3 , 3 , 3 3 , 5 Go lde n Ball 3 5 G o lden B o ok 3 5 Gian Co nsiglio 3 5

Piazetta 8 , 3 4 San Giova nn i e San Pa ol o 5 7 S an Ma rc o 3 4

en c e nor V i , Sig y 43 , 4 7 Ven ieri (Leo na rdo) 2 5 ’ In a x e . 93

PA G E

Verme (Jac obo del) 3 Verme (Lu dovic o dal) 1 1 V eroc c hi o 5 7

eron l l 1 2 2 2 V a , , 5 , 9

eron s e ec c o 1 2 V a, Ca t l V hi San Felic e 1 2 Viadana -8 Vic enza 5 4 Vigevano Villa Fran c a 3 7 Vimerc ate (Gasparre) 3 7

nc eon r o Vi i , L a d da 5 7 Vi sconti (Ambrogi o) 3 Barnabo ( ) L 3 1 4 9 (Bian ca Maria) I 3

r es u e of Or e ns I (Cha l ) , D k l a 9

r Fi ip o M i 4 ’ 1 1 8 l p a a) 3 ) h is wife 2 1

n e o (Gia Gal azz ) 3 , 4 9 (Gian Maria) (Lu dovi c o Sforza) 2 2 (Maria) 2 5

r of o wi dow o Fi l i o 2 1 (Ma y Sav y, f pp Sacramoro) (Val en ti n o) Viscon ti family arms

Vitteliana

U N IV S I T& O F C I F N I B A & LO S NG ER AL OR A LI R R , A ELES C O LL EG E L I B RAR&

s i am d w Th i b ook s d u e on th e l as t d a te st p e b el o .

B ook S l i p— l orn ( 3 7 27 5 4 ) 4 28 0