Jorge Manrique Vice President, Sales & Marketing Prous Science WhyWhy DoDo WeWe NeedNeed FastFast Networks…?Networks…?

ItIt isis allall aboutabout COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION CommunicationCommunication isis inin man’sman’s naturenature

From the dawn of Civilization Man has strived to deliver information

Altamira Caves, Santander, Spain 14,000 to 12,000 BC CommunicationCommunication isis inin man’sman’s naturenature

From the dawn of Civilization Man has strived to deliver information • Accurately CommunicationCommunication isis inin man’sman’s naturenature

From the dawn of Civilization Man has strived to deliver information • Accurately • Quickly CommunicationCommunication isis inin man’sman’s naturenature

From the dawn of Civilization Man has strived to deliver information • Accurately • Quickly • Over longer distances… CommunicationCommunication isis inin man’sman’s naturenature

From the dawn of Civilization Man has strived to deliver information • Accurately • Quickly • Over longer distances… CommunicationCommunication isis inin man’sman’s naturenature

From the dawn of Civilization Man has strived to deliver information • Accurately • Quickly • Over longer distances… AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

•• ARPAnet ARPAnet originsorigins •• 1987 1987 –– NSFnet NSFnet •• 1996 1996 –– Telecomm Telecomm ActAct –– The The WWWWWW explodes…!explodes…! –– Federal Federal NextNext GenerationGeneration InternetInternet InitiativeInitiative •• NSF NSF providesprovides grantgrant fundingfunding toto universitiesuniversities forfor netnetworkwork infrastructureinfrastructure –– Internet2 Internet2 foundedfounded •• 1999 1999 –– Abilene Abilene networknetwork inin productionproduction AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

"The"The ARPAARPA themetheme isis thatthat thethe promisepromise offeredoffered byby thethe computercomputer asas aa communicationcommunication mediummedium betweenbetween people,people, dwarfsdwarfs intointo relativerelative insignificanceinsignificance thethe historicalhistorical beginningsbeginnings ofof thethe computercomputer asas anan arithmeticarithmetic engine."engine." (ARPA(ARPA draft,draft, III-24)III-24) AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

•• ARPANET: ARPANET: designeddesigned inin thethe 1960s1960s forfor thethe USUS DepartmeDepartmentnt ofof DefenseDefense (DoD)(DoD) –– Needed Needed new,new, bombproof,bombproof, distributeddistributed networknetwork technologytechnology [packe[packet-switching..??]t-switching..??] –– J.C.R. J.C.R. LickliderLicklider from from MITMIT proposesproposes aa globalglobal networknetwork ooff computers;computers; movesmoves toto DARPADARPA to to createcreate itit –– Name Name fromfrom thethe providerprovider ofof thethe funds,funds, thethe DefenseDefense AdvaAdvancednced ResearchResearch ProjectsProjects AgencyAgency (ARPA)(ARPA) –– In In thethe FallFall ofof 19691969 the the firstfirst ARPANETARPANET computercomputer waswas connecconnectedted toto thethe ARPANET'sARPANET's IMP IMP nodenode atat UCLAUCLA –– Doug Doug Engelbart'sEngelbart's hypertext-project hypertext-project computercomputer atat StanfordStanford ReseResearcharch InstituteInstitute (SRI)(SRI) waswas nextnext –– By By yearend,yearend, networknetwork includedincluded UCSBUCSB andand thethe UniversityUniversity ofof UUtah,tah, i.e.i.e. fourfour inin allall –– All All computerscomputers usedused differentdifferent OS’sOS’s and and theythey werewere ableable toto ttalkalk toto eacheach otherother acrossacross thethe networknetwork withwith equalequal statusstatus

•• 1970s: 1970s: ARPANETARPANET grewgrew toto connectconnect researchresearch institutesinstitutes andand labslabs supportedsupported by by DoDDoD –– Development Development ofof TCP/IPTCP/IP network network andand itsits applicationsapplications forfor thethe InternetInternet

•• 1980: 1980: IPIP inin USUS DoDDoD –– ARPANET ARPANET adoptedadopted IPIP onon Jan-01Jan-01 1983,1983, whenwhen itit becamebecame aa majormajor partpart ofof thethe InternetInternet

•• 1980: 1980: DoDDoD computers computers separatedseparated fromfrom ARPANETARPANET toto formform thethe MILNETMILNET networknetwork

•• 1986: 1986: NSFNETNSFNET constructsconstructs ownown backbonebackbone networknetwork toto rurunn inin parallelparallel toto ARPANETARPANET

•• Finally Finally inin 1990,1990, withwith everyoneeveryone usingusing thethe newer,newer, fafasterster InternetInternet backbonebackbone network,network, thethe originaloriginal ARPANETARPANET withwith itsits networknetwork addressaddress 10.0.10.0.0.00.0 waswas shutshut downdown AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

WhenWhen SenatorSenator TedTed KennedyKennedy heardheard inin 19681968 thatthat thethe pioneeringpioneering MassachusettsMassachusetts companycompany BBNBBN hadhad wonwon thethe ARPAARPA contractcontract forfor anan "interface"interface messagemessage processorprocessor (IMP),"(IMP)," hehe sentsent aa congratulatorycongratulatory telegramtelegram toto BBNBBN forfor theirtheir ecumenicalecumenical spiritspirit inin winningwinning thethe "interfaith"interfaith messagemessage processor"processor" contract.contract. AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

•• ARPAnet ARPAnet originsorigins •• 1987 1987 –– NSFnet NSFnet •• 1996 1996 –– Telecomm Telecomm ActAct –– The The WWWWWW explodes…!explodes…! –– Federal Federal NextNext GenerationGeneration InternetInternet InitiativeInitiative •• NSF NSF providesprovides grantgrant fundingfunding toto universitiesuniversities forfor netnetworkwork infrastructureinfrastructure –– Internet2 Internet2 foundedfounded •• 1999 1999 –– Abilene Abilene networknetwork inin productionproduction AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

•• 1985 1985 –– RFP RFP forfor NSFnetNSFnet released released •• 1986 1986 firstfirst 5656 KbpsKbps lineslines availableavailable •• T-1 T-1 lineslines availableavailable 01-Jul01-Jul ’88’88 •• 1992 1992 (02-Dec(02-Dec ’92)’92) T-3T-3 implementedimplemented •• In In 66 years:years: fromfrom 5656 KbpsKbps toto T-3T-3 [45Mbps][45Mbps] •• Ed Ed KrolKrol authors authors Hitchhikers'Hitchhikers' GuideGuide toto thethe InternetInternet •• 1995 1995 –– NSFnet NSFnet backbone backbone decommissioneddecommissioned inin AprilApril AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

TeamTeam heldheld quarterlyquarterly meetingsmeetings toto workwork throughthrough thethe inevitableinevitable problemsproblems andand issuesissues andand coordinatecoordinate thethe evolutionevolution ofof thethe system.system. KrolKrol recalls recalls thatthat duringduring oneone ofof thesethese meetings,meetings, DaveDave FarberFarber mentionedmentioned thatthat hehe hadhad dinnerdinner withwith LenLen BozakBozak fromfrom StanfordStanford UniversityUniversity thethe previousprevious night.night. BozakBozak had had mentionedmentioned thatthat hehe hadhad plansplans toto buildbuild aa machinemachine thatthat wouldwould handlehandle aa widewide rangerange ofof networknetwork protocolprotocol needs,needs, includingincluding TCP/IP,TCP/IP, andand mightmight byby usefuluseful onon thethe NSFNET.NSFNET. Bozak'sBozak's company company waswas calledcalled Cisco…Cisco… AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

Ethernet,Ethernet, aa protocolprotocol forfor locallocal networks,networks, appearedappeared inin 1974,1974, anan outgrowthoutgrowth ofof HarvardHarvard studentstudent BobBob Metcalfe'sMetcalfe's PhD’sPhD’s dissertationdissertation onon "Packet"Packet Networks"Networks" TheThe dissertationdissertation waswas initiallyinitially rejectedrejected byby thethe UniversityUniversity forfor notnot beingbeing analyticalanalytical enough.enough. ItIt laterlater wonwon acceptanceacceptance whenwhen hehe addedadded somesome moremore equationsequations toto itit AA BriefBrief HistoryHistory ofof thethe InternetInternet

•• ARPAnet ARPAnet originsorigins •• 1987 1987 –– NSFnet NSFnet •• 1996 1996 –– Telecomm Telecomm ActAct –– The The WWWWWW explodes…!explodes…! –– Federal Federal NextNext GenerationGeneration InternetInternet InitiativeInitiative •• NSF NSF providesprovides grantgrant fundingfunding toto universitiesuniversities forfor netnetworkwork infrastructureinfrastructure –– Internet2 Internet2 foundedfounded •• 1999 1999 –– Abilene Abilene networknetwork inin productionproduction MissionMission andand GoalsGoals

Internet2Internet2 MissionMission •• Develop Develop andand deploydeploy advancedadvanced networknetwork applicationsapplications andand technologies,technologies, acceleratingaccelerating thethe creationcreation ofof tomorrow’stomorrow’s Internet.Internet.

Internet2Internet2 GoalsGoals •• Enable Enable newnew generationgeneration ofof applicationsapplications •• Re-create Re-create leadingleading edgeedge R&ER&E networknetwork capabilitycapability •• Transfer Transfer technologytechnology andand experienceexperience toto thethe globalglobal productionproduction InternetInternet NetworkNetwork InfrastructureInfrastructure

•• Backbone Backbone operatesoperates atat 1010 GbpsGbps

•• GigaPoPs GigaPoPs provide provide regionalregional high-performancehigh-performance aggregationaggregation pointspoints

•• Local Local campuscampus networksnetworks provideprovide 100100 MbpsMbps toto thethe desktopdesktop Internet2:Internet2: AnAn UpdateUpdate

ApplicationsApplications End End End-to-end Performance End-to-end - - to to - - end Performance end Security end Performance end Security MotivateMotivate MiddlewareMiddleware Security EnableEnable

ServicesServices

NetworksNetworks Internet2Internet2 USAUSA UniversitiesUniversities –– Aug Aug 20062006 Internet2Internet2 USUS NetworkNetwork EnvironmentEnvironment AdvancedAdvanced NetworkingNetworking OrganizationsOrganizations AroundAround thethe WorldWorld Internet2Internet2 InternationalInternational PartnersPartners

Europe-Middle East Asia-Pacific Americas ARNES (Slovenia) AAIREP (Australia) CANARIE (Canada) BELNET (Belgium) APAN (Asia-Pacific) CLARA (Latin America & CARNET (Croatia) ANF (Korea) Caribbean) CESnet (Czech Republic) CERNET, CSTNET, NSFCNET CEDIA (Ecuador) DANTE (Europe) (China) CNTI (Venezuela) DFN-Verein (Germany) JAIRC (Japan) CR2Net (Costa Rica) FCCN (Portugal) JUCC (Hong Kong) CUDI (Mexico) GARR (Italy) SingAREN (Singapore) REUNA (Chile) GIP-RENATER (France) NECTEC / UNINET(Thailand) RETINA (Argentina) GRNET (Greece) TANet2 (Taiwan) RNP [FAPESP] (Brazil) HEAnet (Ireland) NGI-NZ (New Zealand) SENACYT (Panama) HUNGARNET (Hungary) Israel-IUCC (Israel) NORDUnet (Nordic Countries) Africa POL-34 (Poland) MCIT [EUN/ENSTINET] (Egypt) Qatar Foundation (Qatar) TENET (South Africa) RedIRIS (Spain) RESTENA (Luxemburg) RIPN (Russia) SANET (Slovakia) Stichting SURF (Netherlands) SWITCH (Switzerland) JISC, UKERNA (United Kingdom) Internet2Internet2 CorporateCorporate MembersMembers

• ADVA Optical Networking • Napster, LLC • Apparent Networks • Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) • C-SPAN • Northrop Grumman Information Technology • Caterpillar, Inc. • OCLC Online Computer Library Center • Comcast Cable • PaeTec Communications, Inc. • CommuniGate Systems • Prous Science • EBSCO Information Services • Recording Ind Association of America, Inc. • Eli Lilly and Company • Red Hat • Fujitsu Laboratories of America • Ruckus Network, Inc. • GigaBeam Corporation • Schlumberger • HaiVision Systems, Inc. • SFI Financial Group • Hong Kong Cyberport Mgmt. Co. Ltd. • Star Valley Solutions, Inc. • Johnson & Johnson - Raritan • Steelcase, Inc. • KDDI Corporation • The Thomson Corporation • LifeSize Communications • V3 Enterprises, Inc. • Lucent Technologies • Verisign Inc. • Marratech AB • Verizon Communications • McAfee, Inc. • VoEx, Inc. • Meriton Networks • VSNL International • Motion Picture Assoc’n of America • Warner Bros. Internet2Internet2 CorporateCorporate MembersMembers

• ADVA Optical Networking • Napster, LLC • Apparent Networks • Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) • C-SPAN • Northrop Grumman Information Technology • Caterpillar, Inc. • OCLC Online Computer Library Center • Comcast Cable • PaeTec Communications, Inc. • CommuniGate Systems • Prous Science • EBSCO Information Services • Recording Ind Association of America, Inc. • Eli Lilly and Company • Red Hat • Fujitsu Laboratories of America • Ruckus Network, Inc. • GigaBeam Corporation • Schlumberger • HaiVision Systems, Inc. • SFI Financial Group • Hong Kong Cyberport Mgmt. Co. Ltd. • Star Valley Solutions, Inc. • Johnson & Johnson - Raritan • Steelcase, Inc. • KDDI Corporation • The Thomson Corporation • LifeSize Communications • V3 Enterprises, Inc. • Lucent Technologies • Verisign Inc. • Marratech AB • Verizon Communications • McAfee, Inc. • VoEx, Inc. • Meriton Networks • VSNL International • Motion Picture Assoc’n of America • Warner Bros. FocusFocus AreasAreas

•• Advanced Advanced NetworkNetwork InfrastructureInfrastructure •• Middleware Middleware •• Engineering Engineering •• Advanced Advanced ApplicationsApplications •• Partnerships Partnerships Internet2Internet2 LandLand SpeedSpeed RecordRecord Internet2Internet2 LandLand SpeedSpeed RecordRecord [4.7[4.7 GB]GB]

168 hours

74 hours Time (hours) . (hours) Time

25 hours 6.4 hours 30 seconds 0 50 100 150 200 56 K Modem ISDN Cable T1 line Internet 2 AdvancedAdvanced Internet2Internet2 ApplicationsApplications

• Digital libraries • Digital video • Distributed computation • Distributed learning • Tele-immersion • Virtual laboratories • A combination of all of the above…

http://apps.internet2.edu The Scope of the Internet2 Health Science initiative includes clinical practice, medical and related biological research, education, and medical awareness in the Public . TheThe ChallengesChallenges AheadAhead

• The amount of information is doubling about every three years • Instantaneous global collaboration in clinical medicine will drive the need for high bandwidth applications • Medical science will not progress without the aid of advanced Internet networks • Global collaboration in drug Discovery and R&D will depend on the availability of secure, reliable, fast networks Key Health Science Members

• 112 Academic Medical Colleges (AAMC) and their medical centers • 130 Health Science related colleges • Public Health, Nursing, Dentistry, Pharmacy • Affiliate Members • NIH, NSF, NASA, NOAA • Howard Hughes Medical Institute • Pharmaceutical Companies • Johnson & Johnson, Pfizer, Eli Lilly • Industry • Prous Science, Cisco, IBM, Microsoft, SUN, Polycom, Ford Motor Company

McGill AdvancedAdvanced Internet2Internet2 ApplicationsApplications ImprovedImproved MedicalMedical TrainingTraining

The Surgical Planning Team of Harvard Medical School trains on a “flyover” of the human ear canal AdvancedAdvanced Internet2Internet2 ApplicationsApplications ImprovedImproved MedicalMedical TrainingTraining

• BOFs Digital Anatomy BOF

• SIGs Cardiovascular Health Science Education Advances of Relevance to Clinical Activities Health Science Research and Research Infrastructure

• Working Groups Medical Middleware Orthopedic Surgery AdvancedAdvanced Internet2Internet2 ApplicationsApplications ImprovedImproved MedicalMedical TrainingTraining AdvancedAdvanced Internet2Internet2 ApplicationsApplications EnhancedEnhanced SurgicalSurgical PlanningPlanning

• Training • Pre-surgical planning • Interoperative segmentation • Brain atlas • fMRI

Ron Kikinis, M.D., Steve Pieper, Ph.D., Simon Warfield, Ph.D. Brigham and Women’s Hospital, NIH, Harvard Medical School RoleRole ofof thethe InternetInternet inin MedicalMedical EducationEducation

• Growing, but to be effective, it must meet physicians' needs • Convenient, fast, and • Relevant to their daily practice

• Until now, CME on the Internet • Digitized reproduction of conventional print materials • Reproduced live events without attention to improvement of outcome

• Advanced Internet • Unlimited possibilities for online or medical education • Access to equipment from a distance • Demonstrations of surgical techniques using virtual reality

• Advanced Internet • Can remedy some problems hindering growth of online CME • i.e., delays due to bandwidth, lack of interactivity • Turn static content into a dynamic, interactive platform for information exchange and improved outcomes TheThe IntersectionIntersection ofof ScienceScience andand TechnologyTechnology WhyWhy ProusProus Science?Science?

• Deep understanding of the needs and requirements of practicing scientists and clinicians

• Harnessing leading technologies, we bring the highest quality content to our customers around the globe

• A manifestation of our continuing efforts: RoleRole ofof ProusProus ScienceScience andand AdvancedAdvanced InternetInternet NetworksNetworks inin CMECME

Mission: to deliver highest quality content via: • Continuing Medical Education programs • Prous Science Megaconferences • LifeSci Channel LifeSciLifeSci ChannelChannel

LifeSciChannel.com : online gateway to the health sciences

• Utilizes the latest technology to host and stream • Health science news • Animations • Presentations • Webcasts • Company profiles

• Direct to your desktop • Prous Science and the LifeScienceChannel.com make use of advanced network applications and technologies created by the Internet2 consortium ProusProus ScienceScience MegaconferencesMegaconferences

In 1998 Prous Science coordinated one of the first live conference transmissions via the Internet from Rio de Janeiro

More recently, in 2002, Prous Science presented the Respiratory Megaconference – one of the first interactive health science conferences online, utilizing Internet2 technology to link 8 sites simultaneously across the USA and Europe

http://webcasts.prous.com/copdmega/ ProusProus ScienceScience World-WideWorld-Wide MulticastMulticast

RSNA 2003 Presented First World-Wide Multicast of Image Interpretation Session Showcase Over Global Advanced Networks

EVANSTON, Ill. – December 4, 2003 - The Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), Northwestern University, Video Furnace, Prous Science, the Metropolitan Pier and Exposition Authority (MPEA), and the Metropolitan Research and Education Network (MREN), in collaboration with advanced digital networks around the world, multicast the Sunday Image Interpretation session during the annual RSNA conference. ProusProus ScienceScience @@ FDAFDA ScienceScience ForumForum

Internet2 Participates in FDA 2004 Science Forum

The tenth annual FDA Science Forum 18-19 May, 2004 in Washington, DC. On 19 May, Kathleen Morrish, IT Director for Scientific Computing at the FDA, moderated a panel discussion including Mary Kratz, Internet2 Program Manager for Health Science initiatives, Michael Gill, National Library of Medicine and Jesus Salillas, Prous Science.

In addition, Internet2 and Prous Science each participated in the FDA Science Forum Exhibition. AtAt TheThe IntersectionIntersection ofof ScienceScience andand TechnologyTechnology

ProusProus Science:Science: OurOur ContinuingContinuing MissionMission

In years to come, Prous Science will continue to

Lead – delivering content of great interest to the clinical medicine community Innovate – by pushing ahead the frontiers of technology to extend the reach of the knowledge we create and compile Create – the highest quality content focused on the needs of biomedical researchers and clinicians FurtherFurther InformationInformation

•• On On thethe WebWeb –– health/internet2.edu health/internet2.edu –– www.internet2.edu/health www.internet2.edu/health •• Email Email –– JorgeJorge ManriqueManrique –– [email protected]@prous.com TheThe StagesStages ofof Truth…Truth…

All truth passes through three stages: First, it is ridiculed; Second, it is violently opposed; and Third, it is accepted as selfself----evident.evident.

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860) TheThe StagesStages ofof Truth…Truth… www.internet2.edu AtAt TheThe IntersectionIntersection ofof ScienceScience andand TechnologyTechnology