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WHO | World Health Organization UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION MONDIALE ORGANIZATION DE LA SANTÉ F.tF2H WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A5/13' 16 April 1952 Agenda Item 6.6.2 ORIGINAL: FRENCH SOVEREIGN AND MIILITARY ORDER OF MALTA The Sovereign and Military Order of Malta applied. in July 19,o to .meter into official relationship with WHO. The Executive Board, in order to determine the nature of the.relations which might be established with.the said :Order, requested this latter to reply to the questionnaire which is usually sent to corporate bodies applying for official relationship. The reply of theOrder1 madeit possible to study the legal status of this organization. Chapter XVI of the WHO Constitution contains provisions covering the rela- tions of WHO with other organizations. Article 70 refers to inter -governmental organizations; Article 71 deals with international non- governmental organizations and with governmental and non -governmental national organizations. It was therefore necessary to discover - on the basis of its legal structure - to which group the Sovereign and Military Order of Malta legally belongs. It was immediately clear that this organization could not be considered as an inter -governmental organization; in fact, the Order is not in any sense composed of Governments, collaborating for a specific purpose. The possibility of considering the Order as being either a governmental ornon- governmental national organization was also definitely eliminated, and -it"therefore remained to be seen whether or not the said Order constitutes an. international non- governmental organization. 1See Annex I A5/13 page 2 Putting aside the attributes conferred on it by a long and gl2xious history, it seemed at first that the Order might be included among thé international non -governmental organizations and be treated as such, but a more thorough study of the question made it necessary td reject this solution. The Sovereign and Military Order of Malta is, in fact, a body of an entirely special character;it is organized on the lines of a State with a constitutional and elective monarchy. The Sovereign of the State is the Grand Master, who is assisted by a Sovereign Council, The Grand Master and his government reside in Rome at the Palazzo di Malta, and at the Aventine Villa di Malta. These two buildings enjoy de facto extra-territorial privileges. Several States maintain diplomatic relations with the Order; among these are the Holy See, the Argentine Republic, Haiti, Panama, San Marino, Spain, El Salvador, Portugal, Paraguay, Brazil. Other countries, accord certain diplomatic privileges to the Grand Master and to his representatives. The Order issues passports which are recognized by certain States, This brief indication of the political and legal status of the Sovereign Order of Malta will be sufficient to show that we are here confronted with a special case for the automatic solution of which no text at present exists. Furthermore, as will be seen from AnnexIII attachedherewith, all the activities of the Sovereign and Military Order of Malta are devoted to the care of the sick and wounded. It has founded and maintains general hospitals, militar - hospitals and hospitals specializing in leprosy, facial plastic surgery, etc. It runs ambulances, military hospital trains, military hospital aircraft and, without distinction as to race, religion or nationality, it gives assistance to all those in need of its help. These were the considerations Which led the Executive Board at its ninth session to refer the matter to theAssembly,2 In the_absence of any precise text covering this case, it will be necessary for the Assembly, after consideration of the Annexas to the present document, to take a decision with regard to the official relations it would wish to see established between VmO and the Order in question. See Annex II 2Off.Rec. Uorld Hlth Org. 40, 16, EB9.R.46 A5/13 page 3 ANNEX I SUMMARY OF INFORMATION ON THE SOVEREIGN AND MILITARY ORDER OF MALTA 1. Name of organization The Sovereign Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Rhodes and Malta. (Usually called "The Sovereign and Military Order of Malta "). 21, . Address of Headquarters Rome, Via Condotti 68, Palazzo di Malta. Rome, Piazza dei Cavalieri di Malta, Villa di Malta sull'Aventino. (Summer residence of the Grand Master) . Addresses of all Branch or Regional Headquarters (a) Rome Grand Priory, Rome. Via Condotti 68 (with jurisdiction over Central Italy). (b) Lombardy and Veneto Grand Priory. Venice, Palazzo di Malta - Corte di San Giovanni. Milan, Via Monte di Pietà 1 (with jurisdiction over Northern Italy). (c) Naples and Sicily Grand Priory. Naples, Via del Priorato 17 (with jurisdiction over Southern Italy). (d) Bohemia Grand Priory. Prague, Malta Palace (with jurisdiction over a part of Eastern Europe. At the present time inactive on account of the political situation). (e) Austrian Grand Priory. Vienna, I. Johannesgasse 2 (with jurisdiction over the territory of the Austrian Republic). (f) Association of Italian "Chevaliers ". Rome, Palazzo di Rodi, Piazza del Grillo 1 (with jurisdiction over all hospital and military activities of the Order throughout the territory 'of the Italian Republic in time of peace and in time of war). Secondary Seats The Association of Italian "Chevaliers" has secondary seats in all the principal towns of.Italy. (g) Triestine Association. Trieste, Barcola -Cedas 279 (with jurisdiction over hospital activities of the Order throughout the Trieste Free Territory). 15/13 page 4 Annex I (h). Rhine - Westphalia Association. Haus Havixbeck (Westphalia2), Germany (with jurisdiction over the territory of the Rhine-Westphalian regions of the German Federal Republic). (i) Silesian Association. 14b, Hechingen WUrtenberg, Villa Eugenia (with jurisdiction over the territory of the German province of Silesia. At the present time inactive on account of the political situation). (j) British Association. Wroxham Hall, Norwich (with jurisdiction over the territory of the United Kingdom and of the British Commonwealth, With the exception of Canada where an Association is being formed). (k) Spanish Association. Madrid, Marqués de Riscal 10 (with jurisdiction over Spanish territory). (1) French Association. Paris XVI, 6 Rue du Colonel Combes. (with jurisdiction over the French metropolitan andóverseas. territories). Lisbon, Rua da Croz dos Poiais 111 (with juris- ( ) Portuguese Association. diction over European and overseas Portuguese territory). (ñ) Netherlands Association. Dalfsen, Huize "Mataran ". (o) Polish Association. For political reasons the Association has its headquarters abroad. Its jurisdiction extends over all the Polish "Knights" in exile. Its activity in Poland has been-suspended. (p) Hungarian Association. Activity suspended for political reasons. 01): American Association. New York, N.Y'., 149, Broadway (with jurisdiction over the United States of America). (r). Belgian Association. Brussels, 50 Rue de l'Industrie E /V /. (with jurisdiction over Belgian territory in Europe and overseas). (s) Irish Association. Belvoir, Six'Mile Bridge, County Clare (with jurisdiction over the territory of the Irish Free State). 4. Membership (a) Total number of persons Members number 4,856. Admission to the ranks of the Knights of Malta is only after fulfilment of special and very strict conditions. (b) Do these persons paay directly or are the subscriptions paid by affiliated organizations? Subscriptions are paid directly by the Knights. A5/13 pAge 5 Annex I . (c) List affiliated organizations, giving their country, and the total number of persons belonging to each The Order is a homogeneous body, subdivided into Priories and Associations. There are no affiliated organizations. (d) Note various types of membership, such as associate members, with numbers and pertinent facts List of members of the Order up to July 1950* Professing Knights (religious vows) 65 Lay Knights 3,401 Ohaplaths 16, Donati (lower category) 1,227 5. General purposes of the organization (Please give full details) The fundamental purpose of the Order is the practice of Christian charity expressed through gratuitous or semi -gratuitous hospital services. In time of war, the humanitarian activities of the Order are extended to include assistance of various.kinds. Thirdly, the Order defends Christian civilization by every means within its power, according to time and circumstances. The Order has existed for ten centuries and it continues to pursue throughout the world its pious task as outlined above. At certain periods of its history, and particularly in the years between about 1200 and 1700, it defended Christian civilization by opposing a for - '.midable military bulwark against the invading Turks and Mongols. It was thus that'it attained the sovereignty mentioned under paragraph 7 and acquired the most powerful fleet in the Mediterranean and a great land army. All this equipment was lost in 1798 when the island of Malta was occupied by Napoleon I. Since that time the Order has not been engaged in combat. In time of war it has placed its military hospitals and hospital trains at the disposal of the wounded. 6. (a), What is the primary function of the organization and (b) secondary functions? Please reply in detail There are no primary or secondary functions of the Order. All its activities are interdependent and are carried out with equal care and efficiency. At the present time its functions are: I. Gratuitous or semi-gratuitous management of general hospitals, military hospitals, spec-i .Iized hospitals
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