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Integrated Solutions for flexible operation of fossil fuel Dr.-Ing. Christian Bergins power plants Strategic Marketing Workshop on the role of the renewable and hydrocarbon Manager nexus in accelerating the energy transition Business Development IEA Gas & Oil Technology collaboration program 11&12 October 2018 Venue: The Hotel, Boulevard de Waterloo 38, Brussels [email protected] Contents

1. Introduction: MHPS & MHI

2. Flexible Generation

3. Fuel Flexibility

4. Storage integrated in Power Plants, Developments

5. Summary

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. 2 © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. MHPS Overview

 Start of joint venture: 1 February 2014

 HQ Location: Yokohama, Japan

 Number of MHPS Group companies: 65

 Total workforce: approx. 19,500

 Capital: ¥100b / $892m (USD/JPY: 112) 65% 35%

 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems  HQ Location London

 Workforce 1,200 100%

 Market Region: Europe, Middle East, Africa (EMEA) Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Europe

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Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Plants Boilers

Integrated Coal Gasification Environmental Plants SCR (DeNOX) Combined Cycle (IGCC) Systems / Flue Gas Desulfurization Gas Turbines Generators

Neues Foto Rotterdam

Coal Power Plants Geothermal Power Plants Steam Turbines Peripheral Equipment

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 4 Where is MHPS in the MHI World?

{Power Systems Domain} {Aircraft, Defense & Space Domain}

{Industry & Infrastructure Domain}

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 5 New organisation of MHI, MHPS for Energy Solutions: Extended Portfolio of Power Equipment and Services including ESCO

Purpose ★

Centralised ★ Hydro ★ IGCC Boiler Nuclear Power Power Generation

Utility ★ Wind Turbine (Offshore) GTCC

ESS ★ Geothermal ★ (LAES,CAES) Aero-GT HD-GT Distributed Gas Engine Power Generation

Gas Engine ESS (PtF) ★ Industry ★ Biomass ★ EMS Diesel Engine Municipality ★ ORC ★: Renewable Energy

★: Large Scale Carbon Capture ESS★ SOFC commercially available (Battery) ★: Energy Storage

0 0.5 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 Output [MW]

EMS : Energy Management IGCC : Integrated Coal LAES : Liquid Air Energy Storage System Gasification System CAES : Compressed Air Energy ESS : Energy Storage System ORC : Organic Rankine Cycle Storage GTCC : Gas Turbine Combined SOFC : Solid Oxide Fuel Cell PtF : Power to Fuel System HD-GT : Heavy Duty Gas Turbine

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Flexible Power Generation

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 7 The future Technology Responses to High RES grid

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 8 Operational flexibility Examples for flexible, coal fired power plants

First measure: GW 60 Utilizing the inherent 50 flexibility 40 characteristics in old 30 20 and new 10 hard coal power plants

100% 150MW 700 MW Load Hard Coal, Hard Coal, 80% Sept. 2010 2012

60%

40%

20%

0% Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su 0:00 6:00 12:00 18:00 0:00 Source: VGB PowerTech 11/2012 & own data Time

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 9 Operational flexibility Fast Start-Up CCGT

M501GAC-fAST CC PLANT Over 8OOMW in 30 Minutes

Standard lndustry Design Practices Applied  HRSG: Drum Type design, 3P Reheat with duct firing  30 year design life under cycling duty  Designed to NFPA 85-2011 for avoiding purge at start-up  Stack damper for Heat Retention  SCR and CO catalysts designed for fast response  Single case steam turbine, with welded HP/IP rotor to enable faster ST ramping

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 10 Operational flexibility Typical Plant Start-Up Comparison

Hot Start

Reduced Start-up: Time, Fuel & Emissions

Plant Start Up improvements translate to simplified air permits and better overall plant economics

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 11 PWPS Gas Turbines mobile solutions to ensure security of supply

 High Efficiency to save Oil & Gas.  Water Free to meet requirements in Middle East Area.  Maximum Factory-assembled module to reduce Site Erection Cost and Time.  Fast start to full load within 5 minutes.  Off site maintenance to reduce Shutdown period.

FT4000 SWIFTPAC FT8 MOBILEPAC

 World Largest Aero-Derivative  One day installation (Site ready) GT of 140MW Twin pack.  None Concrete Foundation  Dual fuel capability.  Dual fuel / dual frequency capability.  Modular package for easy  Two-trailer design for Cost –effective installation. of transportation and site works.

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38m

GT/GEN Control

Trailer Trailer 11m

Exhaust Inlet Stack Filter

GT/GEN Control Trailer Trailer

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Fuel Flexibility

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 14 Fuel flexibility Biomass conversion of steam generator

Biomass / Boiler Coal Bunker Stack Air Heater n x ESP FGD

Furnace ID Fan Burner Biomass related systems Biomass /  Coal / biomass bunker Coal Feeder FD Fan  Coal / biomass feeder  Coal / biomass mill De-Asher PA Fan PAC  Pulverized fuel lines Safety  Burners Damper  De-asher Sealing  Air / flue gas systems Air Fan

Retrofit experience for existing plants MPS® Mill since 2002

References: 2002: P.S. Amer 9 in Geertruidenberg, Netherlands, 1 Mill converted 2014: P.S. Stustrupvaerket (SSV), Denmark, 930 MWth, 100% conversion (fuel switch coal-biomass-coal possible during operation) 2014: P.S. Avedøreværket (AVV1), Denmark, 611 MWth, 100% conversion, burner replacement, mill refurbishment 2015: P.S. Atikokan in Ontario, Canada, one burner level, one mil refurbished 2010-2014: P.S. Drax Unit 1-3, United Kingdom, 3x660MWel 100% conversion (biomass burners)

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 15 “on-the-fly” Fuel Switch from Biomass to Coal

Coal & “coarse grained hard pine pellet” (Grenå)

 Mass flow coal 0 → 6.4 kg/s  Mass flow biomass 9.85 → 0 kg/s  Primary Air flow 14.2 Nm3/s  PA Temperature 145 → 309°C  Differential pressure 40 → 48 mbar  Classifier temperature 66 → 95 °C  Mill Motor in 67 → 70 → 60%  Classifier speed 20 → 90 rpm

- Uninterrupted firing Screen shot of mill 40 operation charts at - No supporting fire switch from wood pellet to coal operation

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 16 “on-the-fly” Fuel Switch from Coal to Biomass

Coal & “coarse grained hard pine pellet” (Grenå)

 Mass flow coal 7.34 → 0 kg/s  Mass flow biomass 0 → 9,85 kg/s  Primary Air flow 14,2 Nm3/s  PA Temperature 300 → 140°C  Differential pressure 61 → 54 mbar  Classifier temperature 85 → 62 °C  Mill Motor in 70 → 88 → 75%  Classifier speed 90 → 20 rpm

- Uninterrupted firing Screen shot of mill 40 operation charts at - No supporting fire switch from coal to wood pellet operation

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 17 Fuel flexibility Conversion of Coal Fired Power Plant to CCGT

Heat and Power Plant Wuerzburg, Germany

Owner:HKW-Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany

Plant: Combined Cycle Power Plant II (former coal boiler)

Fuel: Natural gas (GT + duct burner)

GT capacity: 25 MWel

Unit capacity: 55 MWth Boiler capacity: 95 t/h SH outlet press: 72 bar SH outlet temp.: 515 ºC

 Fuel switch coal to natural gas, old boiler fully refurbished  GT and duct burners added

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 18 Fuel flexibility Conversion of Coal Fired Power Plant to CCGT

 Before Rehabilitation (Plant view in 1987)

 After Rehabilitation (2016)

Result of conversion: High operational flexibility, high efficiency

50 000 t/a less CO2 with the same energy generation

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 19 Fuel flexibility Repowering coal power plants with gas turbines

Lignite power plant Co-generation power station Matra, Hungary „Altbach Deizisau“ (Feedwater pre-heating) (Feedwater pre-heating & IP steam) Existing Power Plant Existing Power Plant

G G

Repowering Repowering

G G

Gas turbine(s) HP recovery LP recovery Gas turbine(s) IP Superheater HP recovery LP recovery preheater preheater preheater preheater IP Evaporator IP Economizer . 2 x 212 MW Lignite P.S. el . 330 MWel Coal fired P.S. . 2 x Hitachi H-25AX – 30 MW el . GT 60 MWel . Power increase by preheaters 20 MW el . Power increase by steam & heat recovery 38MWel . Total el. power Increase: 100 MW el . Total el. power Increase: 98 MWel . Fuel utilisation: 90.3 % (CHP) . Fuel utilisation: up to 80 % (CHP)

More Efficiency, More Power, High load flexibility, Lower specific Emissions Quicker reserve power than CCGT (ST already in operation) Cheaper than separate, new CCGT and similar efficiency regarding NG

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Even when all other conversion ideas are uneconomic: Existing assets and infrastructure still can be used for modern heat and/or power generation

Gas Turbine:  Oeresundsverket, Malmö, Sweden  1 x GE 9FB – 293 MW  447 MW Combined Cycle Power Plant Heat Recovery Steam Generator:  Build in existing building, replacing coal boiler  1 x Triple Pressure Boiler  HP: 309 t/h, 140 bar, 567 ºC Steam Turbine:  1 x Extraction/Condensing Type  161 MWel

Up to 250 MWth heat supply Up to 90% fuel efficiency

Fuel:  Natural Gas

Year of Commissioning : 2009

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Power Plant Integrated Storage

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 22 Liquid Air Energy Storage (LAES) Time-shift of electric power / energy storage

0,5 steam cycle only 훈퐍퐞퐭 High [−] 0,4 additional time shift of power by electric power small fuel 0,3 demand reduced increase minimnum load by 0,2 combined operation process (with LAES) integrated storage HP pre- heating LP pre- 0,1 heating 0 200 400 600 800 900 PNet [MW] Effective reduction of minimum load by - Energy storage (increased self consumption) Cold - Reduction of LP bleed steam (avoiding storage ventilation)

G Increase of maximum power Liquid M - by utilizing stored energy air - with minimum OPEX compared to GT storage LAES energy release LAES storage topping cycle (liquid air (liquid air evaporation and production & Efficient combination possible with CHP plants heating by bleed waste heat and heat storage steam, air recovery in LP expansion) PH) Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 23 CCU/PtF integrated in Biomass CHP Plants or Industry

Heat storage Transmission Industry system Electric Power Pel Heat (heat consumer) Thermal Power Qth consumers

815MWth

“low carbon” O2 water electrolysis  Significant amounts of water H2 synthetic biofuels are Fuel gas Fuel CO2 synthesis (CO2 lean) produced for additional CO2 Post combustion 158MWth 344MWel CO capture reduction in the transport 2 200kt/year gas sector (CO2 rich)  CCU can be sized larger to absorb excess intermittent RES electricity and re-use CCU: Carbon Capture and Utilisation PtF: Power to Fuel more CO2

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 24 Developments towards zero carbon energy

Hydrogen Combustion in Gas Turbines

 Today, small scale gas turbines (e.g. H25) are ready for deployment to operate on hydrogen or hydrogen rich gases, COG and refinery gas references exist  MHPS is involved in Hydrogen Conversion Project at Natural Gas GTCC Power Plant in the Netherlands (for 440MW GTCC by 2023)

Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)  Effectively utilizing high exhaust temperature at 1,000°C  High durability, solid-state material  Fuel flexibility using natural gas, oil or coal  First demonstrators in operation

Power-to-Fuel (PtF) & Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU)

 Methanol synthesis from CO2 and hydrogen  The processing of methanol into various (drop-in) fuels  Small demonstrators under construction

 Today many power plants need to operate in a wide load range with fast ramping and frequent starts while maintaining equipment durability, environmental compliance, and low cost of electricity.  Operational Flexibility and Fuel Flexibility is key to ensure security of supply, economic operation as well as CO2 emission reduction using existing assets or designing new equipment.  MHPS has proven fuel switches for existing plants to natural gas and biomass. Hydrogen as a fuel in gas turbines is possible already today.  MHPS is working on different technologies for integrated energy storage to serve the future requirements of energy markets.

Proprietary and Confidential Information. This document or information cannot be reproduced, transmitted, or disclosed without prior written consent of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems,Ltd. © 2018 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. 26 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems