In Search of Tambralinga's Heartland: the Distribution of Archaeological
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General Information of Nakhon Si Thammarat
Appendix A: General information of Nakhon Si Thammarat (Source: Tourism information from Tourism Authority of Thailand, Nakhon Si Thammarat municipality) Nakhon Si Thammarat is the second largest province in Thailand’s southern region southern edging the Gulf of Thailand. The province encompasses an area of 6,214,064 rai or 9,942.502 square kilometers. It is divided into 21 districts (amphurs) and 2 sub-districts. The capital city of Nakhon Si Thammarat is 780 kilometers from south of Bangkok.The capital is know locally as “Muang Nakhon”’ and was the center of an ancient and highly sophisticated civilization Boundary The boundary to the north is Surat Thani and Gulf of Thailand, to the south are Phatthalung and Songkla. The east of Nakhon Si Thammarat consist of 225 kilometer long The Gulf of Thailand coast with beaches, while the west are Trang and Krabi. Distances from Nakhon Si Thammarat to nearby provinces: Surat Thani 134 kilometers Trang 123 kilometers 144 145 Phatthalung 112 kilometers Songkla 161 kilometers Krabi 233 kilometers Phuket 366 kilometers Climate There are two seasons in Nakhon Si Thammarat because of influencing from Southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon. Summer is from February to April. Rainy season is from May to January. Average temperature is 27-28 °c, and it is slightly cooler in rainy season. Historical background of Nakhon Si Thammarat Nakhon Si Thammarat is an ancient city with a large community that is at least 1,500 year old. The existence of the province has appeared in various documents and dispatches since the 6th-7th Buddhist century under different names such as Tambralinga, Tan Ma Ling, Lochac, Si Thammarat, Siri Tham Nakhon, Nakhon Ton Phra, and Ligor. -
History of the World Research
History of the World Research History of Civilisation Research Notes 200000 - 5500 BCE 5499 - 1000 BCE 999 - 500 BCE 499 - 1 BCE 1 CE - 500 CE 501 CE - 750 CE 751 CE - 1000 1001 - 1250 1251 - 1500 1501 - 1600 1601 - 1700 1701 - 1800 1801 - 1900 1901 - Present References Notes -Prakrit -> Sanskrit (1500-1350 BCE) -6th Dynasty of Egypt -Correct location of Jomon Japan -Correct Japan and New Zealand -Correct location of Donghu -Remove “Armenian” label -Add D’mt -Remove “Canaanite” label -Change Gojoseon -Etruscan conquest of Corsica -322: Southern Greece to Macedonia -Remove “Gujarati” label (to 640) -Genoa to Lombards 651 (not 750) Add “Georgian” label from 1008-1021 -Rasulids should appear in 1228 (not 1245) -Provence to France 1481 (not 1513) -Yedisan to Ottomans in 1527 (not 1580) -Cyprus to Ottoman Empire in 1571 (not 1627) -Inner Norway to sweden in 1648 (not 1721) -N. Russia annexed 1716, Peninsula annexed in 1732, E. Russia annexed 1750 (not 1753) -Scania to Sweden in 1658 (not 1759) -Newfoundland appears in 1841 (not 1870) -Sierra Leone -Kenya -Sao Tome and Principe gain independence in 1975 (not 2016) -Correct Red Turban Rebellion --------- Ab = Abhiras Aby = Abyssinia Agh = Aghlabids Al = Caucasian Albania Ala = Alemania Andh = Andhrabhrtya Arz = Arzawa Arm = Armenia Ash = Ashanti Ask = Assaka Assy/As = Assyria At = Atropatene Aus = Austria Av = Avanti Ayu = Ayutthaya Az = Azerbaijan Bab = Babylon Bami = Bamiyan BCA = British Central Africa Protectorate Bn = Bana BNW = Barotseland Northwest Rhodesia Bo = Bohemia BP = Bechuanaland -
Religious Cultures in ASEAN: a Case Study of Thailand and Cambodia
400 Manutsayasat Wichakan Vol.26 No.1 (January-June 2019) Religious Cultures in ASEAN: A Case Study of Thailand and Cambodia Praves Intongpan Abstract Documentary research was used: 1) to investigate religious culture in ASEAN, 2) to review religious culture in Thailand, 3) to explore religious culture in Cambodia, and 4) to analyze religious culture in Thailand and Cambodia. The results showed that ASEAN countries demonstrated vast cultural diversity in many areas including language, beliefs, arts, and traditions that largely depended on the religion in each respective country. The important religions were Brhmanism-Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam. Before these religions came to the ASEAN region, people worshiped and believed in nature and spirits. The first religion to arrive in this region was Brhmanism- Hinduism, which continues to have influence over the area. Buddhism arrived later and spread to Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, and Singapore. Islam arrived in the ASEAN region in approximately the 9th century A.D. (B.E.1400) and was concentrated mainly in the Malay Peninsula and the Indonesian islands. Christianity, on the other hand, came with Western Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Faculty of Humanities, Kasetsart University, e-mail: [email protected] วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์วิชาการ ปีที่ 26 ฉบับที่ 1 (มกราคม-มิถุนายน 2562) 401 colonialism and is today firmly established in the Philippines. Moreover, Chinese-ASEAN people follow a mixture of Taoism, Confucianism, and Buddhism. In both Thailand and Cambodia, there have been similar beliefs in Brhmanism-Hinduism and Buddhism since the times of their earliest kingdoms no less than two thousand years ago. Both religions are the foundation of the religious cultures of both countries, which have led to similar and composite cultures that might be called Buddhism compounded with Brhmanism. -
Tambralinga and the Khmer Empire
TAMBRALINGA AND THE KHMER EMPIRE by Stanley J. O'Connor* Tambralihga was one of the early city-states of Southeast Asia. lts name drifts like an elusive memory across ancient Chinese records. In its several transliterations it appears in a variety of Sung Dynasty (960-1279 A.D.) records, and besides these sharpest and most specific sources. references to Tambralinga are believed to be tangled in a whole constellation of other testimony including Cola epigraphy, Thai and Laotian Pali chronicles, inscriptions found on the Peninsula, and the supplement to the Mahavamsa of Ceylon. Although the sum of all these notices gives only a dim and shadowed existence to this once thronged and fractious state, there is at lea~t some measure of scholarly consensus on its location. I It would probably have included the coastal lands of Peninsular Thailand from at least the turning below the Bay of Bandon on the east coast, south to include the present tow11 of Nakhon Sri Tbammarat. This very area is mantled with the debris of ancient civilization. In the new National Museum in Nakhon Sri Thammarat there is such au imposing collection of antiquities assembled from both the imme diate neighbourhood and such adjacent populati.on centers as Ta Sala and Si Chon, that it is confirmation of the broad view of the historical *Art History Department, Cornell University. The research for this study was made possible by the National Endowment for the Humanities which awarded the author a Senior Fellowship during 1973-74. The author is grateful for the assistance offered him both by the staff of the National Museum at Nakhon Sri Thammarat and the following students of the cultural past of the isthmus: Samran Roujipuck, Police Colonel Lam Chuliwan, Mann Lilabhan and Kae Thurn Suen Torn. -
Draft MTR Thailand
Kingdom of Thailand Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Forest Carbon Partnership Facility(FCPF) REDD+ Readiness Project Mid-Term ReviewV2.3 Grant TF0A0984 September 2020 Acronyms and Abbreviations ADB Asian Development Bank AGB Above Ground Biomass AIPP Asia Indigenous People Pact Foundation AMBIF ASEAN+3 Multi-Currency Bond Issuance Framework ASFCC ASEAN-Swiss Partnership on Social Forestry and Climate Change AWG-SF ASEAN Working Group on Social Forestry BAAC Bank for Agriculture and Agricultural Cooperatives BGB Below Ground Biomass BSM Benefit Sharing Mechanism BUR Business as Usual Report CCMP Climate Change Master Plan CF Carbon Fund CFM Community Forest Management COC Chain of Custody CPMU Central Project Management Unit DEDE Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency DNP Department of National Parks, Wildlife and Plant Conservation E&S Environmental and Social Safeguards EbA Ecosystem based-adaptation EGAT Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand EPPO Energy Policy and Planning Office ESMF Environmental Social Management Framework EU European Union EUTR EU Timber Regulation EWMI East-West Management Institute FCPF Forest Carbon Partnership Facility FGRM Feedback Grievance and Redress Mechanism FIO Forest Industry Organization FLEGT Forest Law Enforcement Governance and Trade FLOURISH Forest Landscape Restoration for Improved Livelihoods and Climate Resilience FLR Forest Landscape Restoration FSC Forest Stewardship Certification GFW Global -
(A Concise) History of Thailand
(A Concise) History of Thailand From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Thai peoples who originally lived in southwestern China migrated into mainland Southeast Asia over a period of many centuries. The oldest known mention of their existence in the region by the exonym Siamese is in a 12th-century A.D. inscription at the Khmer temple complex of Angkor Wat in Cambodia, which refers to syam, or "dark brown" people.[1] It was believed that Siam derived from the Sanskrit word syam, or brown race, with a contemptuous signification. Sien in Chinese writings is the name for the northern kingdom that centered around Sukhothai and Sawankalok; but to the Siamese themselves, the name of the country has always been Mewing Thai.[2] The country's designation as Siam by Westerners likely came from Portuguese, the first Europeans to give a coherent account of the country. Portuguese chronicles noted that the king of Sukhothai had sent an expedition to Malacca at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula in 1455. Following their conquest of Malacca in 1511, the Portuguese sent a diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya. A century later, on 15 August 1612, The Globe, an East India Company merchantman bearing a letter from King James I, arrived in "the Road of Syam" .[3] "By the end of the 19th century, Siam had become so enshrined in geographical nomenclature that it was believed that by this name and no other would it continue to be known and styled."[4] Indianized kingdoms such as the Mon, Khmer and Malay kingdoms had ruled the region. -
Satingpra in Sung Dynasty Records In: Archipel
Brian Colless Satingpra in Sung Dynasty Records In: Archipel. Volume 37, 1989. pp. 31-42. Citer ce document / Cite this document : Colless Brian. Satingpra in Sung Dynasty Records. In: Archipel. Volume 37, 1989. pp. 31-42. doi : 10.3406/arch.1989.2560 http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/arch_0044-8613_1989_num_37_1_2560 LES PREMIERS COMPTOIRS Brian COLLESS Satingpra in Sung Dynasty Records Satingpra, or Chatingpra, lies on the eastern coast of Southern Thai land, on the narrow peninsula that forms the three isthmian lakes or inland sea of the Malay Peninsula. Now only a coastal hamlet, it formerly flourish edas an important trading kingdom, from the sixth to the thirteenth cen tury. The archaeological research of Janice Stargardt has revealed that Satingpra traded extensively with Sung China (960-1280) and other regions of Asia (Stargardt 1983) W. Given the wealth of evidence testifying to the links between Satingpra and China during the Sung period, it is reasonable to expect that Sung Dynasty records would mention Satingpra. Thus, H.G. Quaritch Wales (1976:141) doubted that «so important a place as Satingphra then was» could have «remained unknown» to such a «well-informed Chinese Commissione rof Foreign Trade» as Chao Ju-kua, author of the Chu fan chih (Descrip tionof the Barbarians), published in 1225 (Hirth and Rockhill 1911). For this reason, Wales surmised that Satingpra appeared in this book as Ling- ya-ssu-chia; and yet Wales acknowledged (1976: 62-70) that the name Lang- kasuka (of which Ling-ya-ssu-chia was clearly a transcription) belonged to a kingdom on the Patani River, about one hundred kilometers south-east of Satingpra (Wheatley 1961: 252-267). -
Siksacakr 6 Angfr Final.Qxd
No. 6 (2004) elx 6 K>s> 2004 Some Clues on Long-standing Relationships between Cambodia and Peninsular Thailand* Daoruang Wittayarat, Lecturer, Thai department, Faculty of Arts, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok Michel Rethy Antelme, Maître de conférences, Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, Paris THE PEOPLES ON THE TWO SHORES OF THE GULF OF THAILAND__the eastern coast of present-day peninsular Thailand and the coast of present-day Cambodia and Southern Vietnam (historical- ly Cambodian)__have been in contact for a long time, probably since prehistoric times. These contacts have left cultural and linguistic traces, as will be seen via some clues, principally of Khmer linguistic and cultural traits in Southern Thailand. The populating of southern Thailand The “Thaization” of Southern Thailand probably begins, at the earliest, in the thirteenth centu- ry, as the Ram Khamhaeng inscription1 mentions Si Thammarat as Sukhothai vassal, while acknowledging that the city was famous as a Singhalese Buddhist studies center.2 But it is doubtful that Tai-speaking3 populations arrived en masse in the south at that time. Thus, a Buddhist master from this region, who went to Sukhothai4 in response to King Ram Khamhaeng’s call could communicate with Sukhothai people in Khmer or in Mon. Moreover, the Khom script (Khmer script) was the Buddhist script in use in the region until recent times. Two generations ago, educated people could still read texts in Khom script.5 However, it remains to be investigated whether this Khom script had particularities, as compared with the Khom script in use in other parts of Thailand. According to oral sources, the settlement of Tai-speaking populations in the Southern region occurred in BE 1928 (AD 1385), when king Rāmeśvar of Ayutthaya6 attacked Chiang Mai and deported its population to the South, settling them in Nakhon Si Thammarat and other south- ern cities. -
Chapter 3 Coastal Conditions in Study Area
Chapter 3 Coastal Conditions in Study Area In Figure 3.1-1, the direction of longshore drift (which was estimated by the observation of the deposition and/or erosion states around coastal structures and of the present shoreline situation on the sites) is indicated by arrows. 3.1.1 Khanom District Most of the coastal line in this district is composed of rocky capes and some sandy beaches. These sandy beaches are located between the capes. Therefore, the shoreline in this district is rather stable. Khanom port is located at the river mouth of Khlong Ban Tha Chan between Khao Chai Son and Khao Phi Hai. In the north part of the river mouth to the Khanom port, small parts of sandy beach are reported to be slightly eroded. 3.1.2 Sichon District Sichon port with single jetty at the left side of the river mouth is located at the north of Laem Khao Kho Kwang and the right side of the river mouth is composed of rocks. The littoral drift in this area is not seen to be serious except for the beach erosion in the north part of the existing jetty. In the south part of Laem Khao Kho Kwang, there are several small fishing ports which are located at river mouths without jetty, such as Khlong Tung Ca (Thepha), Tha Mak in Sichon district and Pak Duat, Bang San in Tha Sala district. The river mouths of these fishing ports are characterized by river-mouth closure. The channels to these fishing ports cannot be maintained without periodic dredging. -
Subject Index
SUBJECT INDEX GENERAL hourglass perforation DATING human evolution Aceramic Neolithic hiiyiik AD,ad acculturation industrial archaeology amino-acid racemization amphora industry BC,bc antefix Kerbschnitt bone dating ard kitchen midden BP, bp arrow straightener Leptolithic Bristlecone pine assemblage megalith chronology association menhir collagen astronomy Mesolithic contamination barrow Neolithic cross-dating battle-axe neoteny dating baulk New Archaeology dendrochronology berm Palaeolithic fission track dating Bronze Age palstave fluorine dating calendar, calendrics passage grave half-life capstone pebble tool hard water effect carination pilaster isotoptic fractionation celt pintadera isotopic replacement Chalcolithic place names nitrogen dating chamber tomb portal dolmen obsidan hydration dating chevaux de frise porthole slab palaeomagnetism cist pot boilers potassium-argon dating Copper Age quem radiocarbon dating corbel rampart radiometric dating counterscrap bank rock-cut tomb sequence dating culture sacrifice seriation Cyclopean masonry sati stratigraphy demography segmented cist tephrochronology diffusion, diffusionist septal slab terminus ante-quem, terminus distribution shaft grave post-quem dolmen situla thermoluminescence double axe Stone Age uranium series dating dromos stone circle dyke tell entrance grave tepe ethnoarchaeology Three Age System MATERIALS evolution tore experimental archaeology tradition amber false entrance transepted gallery grave antler fire trepanning arsenic firedog trilithon bone fishing underwater -
Archaeological Research in the Malay Peninsula
ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH IN THE MALAY PENINSULA Michel Jacq-Hergoualc'h· Abstract The paper summarises recent archaeological research in southern Thailand and the northern part of the Malay Peninsula where the author has been investigat ing ports and entrepots significant for the early trade between Western Asia, India, Southeast Asia and China. Particular attention is given to the important site of Yarang in Patani Province which has been neglected until recently. Introduction ince 1990 we have been interested in the Peninsula from the beginning of the Chris SearlycenturiesofthehistoryoftheMalay tian era. The preliminary results and the Peninsula and have been attempting to rec problems posed by this research are sum oncile old Greek, Indian, Arab and Chinese marized in the paper. texts with the most recent results of ar chaeological research in the region. Ports of trade and Indianization Literary research on the history of the peninsula began more than a century ago Archaeological remains along the coasts of and was synthesized by Paul Wheatley the Malay Peninsula date from between the (1961) in a book which remains important. first centuries of the Christian era and the Archaeological research began at the begin fourteenth century AD. An extensive inter ning of the present century, notably under national trade, concerning many very dif the initiative of the Commission archeologique ferent Asian spheres - the Chinese, the In de l'Indochine, and research continues both dian and the Middle Eastern - was at the in Thailand and Malaysia. In recent years, origin of these remains. For the needs of in collaboration with the Fine Arts Depart merchants, numerous ports of call were ment of Thailand, we have been making an created along the coasts, the importance, inventory of, and conducting excavations rank and destiny of which were very differ at, some of the sites in the region of Yarang ent from each other. -
Application Programming Interface for Flood Forecasting from Geospatial Big Data and …
Paper—Application Programming Interface for Flood Forecasting from Geospatial Big Data and … Application Programming Interface for Flood Forecasting from Geospatial Big Data and Crowdsourcing Data https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v13i11.11237 Supattra Puttinaovarat (*) Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani, Thailand [email protected] Paramate Horkaew Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Abstract—Nowadays, natural disasters tend to increase and become more severe. They do affect life and belongings of great numbers of people. One kind of such disasters that happen frequently almost every year is floods in all re- gions across the world. A preparation measure to cope with upcoming floods is flood forecasting in each particular area in order to use acquired data for moni- toring and warning to people and involved persons, resulting in the reduction of damage. With advanced computer technology and remote sensing technology, large amounts of applicable data from various sources are provided for flood forecasting. Current flood forecasting is done through computer processing by different techniques. The famous one is machine learning, of which the limita- tion is to acquire a large amount big data. The one currently used still requires manpower to download and record data, causing delays and failures in real-time flood forecasting. This research, therefore, proposed the development of an au- tomatic big data downloading system from various sources through the devel- opment of application programming interface (API) for flood forecasting by machine learning. This research relied on 4 techniques, i.e., maximum likeli- hood classification (MLC), fuzzy logic, self-organization map (SOM), and arti- ficial neural network with RBF Kernel.